技术领域technical field
本发明属于清洁能源发电系统技术领域，特别是一种联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统及发电方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of clean energy power generation systems, in particular to a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system combined with supercritical water oxidation technology and a power generation method.
背景技术Background technique
随着能源短缺和环境污染问题日益严峻，转变传统高能耗、高污染的经济增长方式，发展低碳经济，实现可持续发展，正在成为世界各国经济发展的共同选择。With the increasingly serious problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution, changing the traditional high energy consumption and high pollution economic growth mode, developing a low-carbon economy, and achieving sustainable development are becoming the common choice for economic development of all countries in the world.
开发利用清洁、环保、可再生及有利于生态循环的新能源是人类缓解能源和环境问题的关键。而电能消费是能源消耗的主要形式之一，大约68％的其它各种能源被转化为电能消费。因此，开发新能源并将之转化为电能以存储和利用有巨大意义。The development and utilization of new energy sources that are clean, environmentally friendly, renewable and beneficial to the ecological cycle are the key to alleviating energy and environmental problems for human beings. Electric energy consumption is one of the main forms of energy consumption, and about 68% of other energy sources are converted into electric energy consumption. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop new energy and convert it into electrical energy for storage and utilization.
目前作为主要的新能源，太阳能热发电是先将太阳能转化为热能，再将热能转化成电能，它有两种转化方式。一种是将太阳热能直接转化成电能，如半导体或金属材料的温差发电，真空器件中的热电子和热电离子发电，碱金属热电转换，以及磁流体发电等。另一种方式是将太阳热能通过热机(如汽轮机)带动发电机发电，与常规热力发电类似，只不过其热能不是来自燃料，而是来自太阳能。At present, as the main new energy source, solar thermal power generation converts solar energy into thermal energy first, and then converts thermal energy into electrical energy. There are two conversion methods. One is to directly convert solar thermal energy into electrical energy, such as thermoelectric power generation of semiconductor or metal materials, thermal electron and thermoelectric ion power generation in vacuum devices, alkali metal thermoelectric conversion, and magnetic fluid power generation. Another way is to use solar thermal energy to drive a generator to generate electricity through a heat engine (such as a steam turbine), which is similar to conventional thermal power generation, except that the thermal energy does not come from fuel, but from solar energy.
地热发电是利用地下热水和蒸汽为动力源的一种发电技术。首先把地热能转换为机械能，再把机械能转换为电能。地热一般分为低温地热(60～100℃)、中温地热(100～150℃)和高温地热(150℃以上)。由于地热的温度通常都小于250℃，因此它属于低品位能源。为了提高效率，地热发电一般需与其它热源联合发电。Geothermal power generation is a power generation technology that uses underground hot water and steam as power sources. First, geothermal energy is converted into mechanical energy, and then the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Geothermal is generally divided into low-temperature geothermal (60-100°C), medium-temperature geothermal (100-150°C) and high-temperature geothermal (above 150°C). Since the temperature of geothermal is usually less than 250°C, it is a low-grade energy. In order to improve efficiency, geothermal power generation generally needs to be combined with other heat sources for power generation.
然而由于聚光的代价和地热的分布不均等原因，太阳能热发电和地热发电等发电技术并非所有城市都适合。而且新能源的开发没有与环境污染治理相结合，容易使城市增加建设和管理成本。However, due to the cost of concentrating light and the uneven distribution of geothermal energy, power generation technologies such as solar thermal power generation and geothermal power generation are not suitable for all cities. Moreover, the development of new energy is not combined with environmental pollution control, which will easily increase the construction and management costs of the city.
随着社会生活和经济活动的发展，城市人口不断增多，城市规模急剧扩大，城市污水污泥成为困扰人类的一大问题。如何有效处理城市污水污泥的同时产生电能，并形成以低能耗、低排放为标志的低碳经济，实现环境治理和能源开发相结合的可持续发展，是城市经济发展必须解决的重要问题。With the development of social life and economic activities, the urban population continues to increase, and the scale of the city expands rapidly, and urban sewage sludge has become a major problem that plagues mankind. How to effectively treat urban sewage sludge while generating electricity, form a low-carbon economy marked by low energy consumption and low emissions, and realize sustainable development combining environmental governance and energy development are important issues that must be solved for urban economic development.
中国专利(名称为：基于二次反射聚光吸热技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统专利号：CN201510666417.6)公开了一种利用太阳能热发电的技术方案。包括太阳的聚光系统、吸热储能换热系统和发电系统。The Chinese patent (titled: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Generation System Patent No. CN201510666417.6 based on Secondary Reflection Concentration and Heat Absorption Technology) discloses a technical solution for using solar thermal power generation. Including the solar concentrating system, heat absorption energy storage heat exchange system and power generation system.
中国专利(名称为：一种地热、燃气以及超临界二氧化碳联合发电系统，专利号：CN201510132018.1)公开了一种利用地热和燃气的发电技术。技术方案中，首先包括地热的采集和利用，其次地热联合其他能源共同作用换热系统，最后是发电系统。The Chinese patent (named: a geothermal, gas and supercritical carbon dioxide combined power generation system, patent number: CN201510132018.1) discloses a power generation technology using geothermal and gas. In the technical plan, the collection and utilization of geothermal energy are firstly included, followed by geothermal heat exchange system combined with other energy sources, and finally the power generation system.
太阳能热发电不仅要建设太阳能聚光系统，而且要建设热能发电系统，并且需要将水从环境状态加热到过热蒸汽状态。因此利用太阳能发电存在成本高、转换效率低的问题。利用地热发电，需借助其他燃料作为辅助热源，例如与燃气联合发电，系统结构复杂，维护难度大，发电的费用成本高。可见，现有的能源解决方案中，多数都只考虑新能源的开发利用，以减少环境污染，而没有考虑对已造成的环境污染问题的解决方案。或者只考虑环境污染的解决方案，而没有提及能源问题。由此而来的重复建设、高昂投资成为变相的环境负担和能源浪费。Solar thermal power generation not only needs to build a solar concentrating system, but also needs to build a thermal power generation system, and needs to heat water from the ambient state to the superheated steam state. Therefore, the use of solar power to generate electricity has the problems of high cost and low conversion efficiency. The use of geothermal power generation requires the use of other fuels as auxiliary heat sources, such as combined power generation with gas. The system structure is complex, maintenance is difficult, and the cost of power generation is high. It can be seen that most of the existing energy solutions only consider the development and utilization of new energy to reduce environmental pollution, but do not consider the solutions to the environmental pollution problems that have been caused. Or only consider solutions to environmental pollution without mentioning energy issues. The resulting redundant construction and high investment have become environmental burdens and energy waste in disguise.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统，能够有效处理污水污泥的同时产生电能，实现环境污染治理和能源开发利用相结合的生态型发展模式。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system combined with supercritical water oxidation technology, which can effectively treat sewage sludge and generate electric energy at the same time, realizing the combination of environmental pollution control and energy development and utilization ecological development model.
本发明的目的还在于提供一种联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统的发电方法。The object of the present invention is also to provide a power generation method of a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system combined with supercritical water oxidation technology.
本发明解决其技术问题是通过以下技术方案实现的：The present invention solves its technical problem and realizes through the following technical solutions:
一种联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统，其特征在于：包括超临界水氧化单元、热交换单元、超临界二氧化碳发电单元、膨胀机发电单元及尾气热能利用回收单元；超临界水氧化单元包括超临界水氧化反应器，热交换单元包括主热交换器，超临界二氧化碳发电单元包括透平、电机、高温热交换器、低温热交换器、高温压缩机、低温压缩机及冷却器，膨胀机发电单元包括膨胀机及发电机；尾气热能利用回收单元包括液化分离处理装置；超临界水氧化反应器的高温烟气出口连接至主热交换器的热介质入口，主热交换器的热介质出口连接至膨胀机的气体入口，主热交换器的发电工质出口连接至透平，透平驱动电机，透平的发电工质出口依次连接高温热交换器及低温热交换器，低温热交换器的发电工质出口一部分经冷却器、低温压缩机后连接依次连接低温热交换器及高温热交换器的换热入口，一部分经高温压缩机后连接回高温热交换器的换热入口，高温热交换器换热出口连接回主热交换的发电工质入口；膨胀机的低温蒸汽出口连接至液化分离处理装置。A supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system combined with supercritical water oxidation technology, characterized in that it includes a supercritical water oxidation unit, a heat exchange unit, a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit, an expander power generation unit, and a tail gas heat recovery unit; Oxidation unit includes supercritical water oxidation reactor, heat exchange unit includes main heat exchanger, supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit includes turbine, motor, high temperature heat exchanger, low temperature heat exchanger, high temperature compressor, low temperature compressor and cooler , the expander power generation unit includes an expander and a generator; the tail gas heat recovery unit includes a liquefaction separation treatment device; the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the supercritical water oxidation reactor is connected to the heat medium inlet of the main heat exchanger, and the main heat exchanger The outlet of the heat medium is connected to the gas inlet of the expander, the outlet of the power generation working medium of the main heat exchanger is connected to the turbine, the turbine drives the motor, and the outlet of the power generation working medium of the turbine is connected to the high temperature heat exchanger and the low temperature heat exchanger in turn, and the low temperature Part of the outlet of the power generation working medium of the heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the low temperature heat exchanger and the high temperature heat exchanger in turn after passing through the cooler and the low temperature compressor, and part of it is connected back to the heat exchange inlet of the high temperature heat exchanger after passing through the high temperature compressor , the heat exchange outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected back to the power generation working fluid inlet of the main heat exchange; the low-temperature steam outlet of the expander is connected to the liquefaction separation treatment device.
而且，所述超临界二氧化碳发电单元包括第一透平、第二透平、第二电机、第二电机，所述主热交换器的发电工质出口分别连接至第一透平、第二透平的发电工质入口，第一透平驱动第一电机(6)，第二透平驱动第二电机，第一透平的、第二透平的发电工质出口均依次连接高温热交换器及低温热交换器。Moreover, the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit includes a first turbine, a second turbine, a second motor, and a second motor, and the power generation working medium outlet of the main heat exchanger is connected to the first turbine and the second turbine respectively. Flat power generation working fluid inlet, the first turbine drives the first motor (6), the second turbine drives the second motor, the power generation working fluid outlets of the first turbine and the second turbine are connected to high temperature heat exchangers in sequence and low temperature heat exchangers.
而且，所述超临界二氧化碳发电单元的工质为超临界二氧化碳。Moreover, the working fluid of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit is supercritical carbon dioxide.
一种联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统的发电方法，其包括如下步骤：A power generation method of a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system combined with supercritical water oxidation technology, comprising the steps of:
1)超临界水氧化单元产生热能：超临界水氧化单元处理污水、污泥，产生热能；1) The supercritical water oxidation unit generates heat energy: the supercritical water oxidation unit treats sewage and sludge to generate heat energy;
2)超临界二氧化碳发电单元发电：超临界水氧化单元产生的热能经主换热器后对超临界二氧化碳发电单元的超临界二氧化碳工质进行换热，超临界二氧化碳作为工质带动透平旋转，透平的传动轴带动电机发电；2) Power generation by the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit: the heat energy generated by the supercritical water oxidation unit passes through the main heat exchanger to exchange heat for the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit. Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as the working medium to drive the turbine to rotate. The transmission shaft of the turbine drives the motor to generate electricity;
3)超临界二氧化碳工质循环：透平做功后的超临界二氧化碳乏气顺序通过高温热交换器和低温热交换器降温，从低温热交换器出来的超临界二氧化碳一部分进入高温压缩机经压缩后进入高温热交换器预热，另一部分经冷却器进一步冷却到低温压缩机的入口温度，经低温压缩机压缩后，进入低温热交换器预热，再进入高温回热器预热，与前一部分超临界二氧化碳一起进入主换热器换热，换热温升后的超临界二氧化碳再次进入超临界二氧化碳发电单元，带动透平旋转，电机发电，完成其闭式循环过程；3) Supercritical carbon dioxide working medium cycle: the supercritical carbon dioxide exhaust gas after the turbine works is cooled through the high-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat exchanger in sequence, and a part of the supercritical carbon dioxide from the low-temperature heat exchanger enters the high-temperature compressor and is compressed It enters the high-temperature heat exchanger for preheating, and the other part is further cooled to the inlet temperature of the low-temperature compressor through the cooler. After being compressed by the low-temperature compressor, it enters the low-temperature heat exchanger for preheating, and then enters the high-temperature regenerator for preheating. The supercritical carbon dioxide enters the main heat exchanger together for heat exchange, and the supercritical carbon dioxide after the heat exchange temperature rises enters the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit again, drives the turbine to rotate, and the motor generates power to complete its closed cycle process;
4)膨胀机发电单元发电：所述步骤1)所产生的热能一部分经主换热器对超临界二氧化碳加热后进入膨胀机发电单元，进一步转化为电能；4) Power generation by the expander power generation unit: part of the thermal energy generated in the step 1) enters the expander power generation unit after being heated by the main heat exchanger to the supercritical carbon dioxide, and is further converted into electric energy;
5)尾气热能利用回收：尾气中萃取部分超临界二氧化碳作为超临界二氧化碳发电单元中的工质定时补充，其余经液化分离处理，生成可利用的气肥。5) Utilization and recovery of tail gas thermal energy: Part of the supercritical carbon dioxide extracted from the tail gas is used as a regular supplement of working fluid in the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit, and the rest is liquefied and separated to generate usable gas fertilizer.
本发明的优点和有益效果为：Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1、本发明联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统及发电方法，超临界水氧化处理过程产生的热能作为热源，该热源通过热交换单元，将能量传递给超临界二氧化碳发电单元的工质——超临界二氧化碳；被加热的超临界二氧化碳驱动发电单元发电，超临界水氧化的热能只是部分传递给超临界二氧化碳发电单元，剩余部分热能进入能量阶梯利用部分，即膨胀机发电单元，进一步转化为电能，从膨胀机发电单元的尾气中低温蒸汽可作为供热利用，其余尾气进行液化分离后得到气肥，极大提高能量的回收和利用。1. The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and power generation method combined with supercritical water oxidation technology of the present invention, the heat energy generated in the supercritical water oxidation treatment process is used as a heat source, and the heat source passes the heat exchange unit to transfer energy to the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit. Quality—supercritical carbon dioxide; the heated supercritical carbon dioxide drives the power generation unit to generate electricity, and the heat energy of supercritical water oxidation is only partially transferred to the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit, and the remaining part of the heat energy enters the energy ladder utilization part, that is, the expander power generation unit, further Converted into electrical energy, the low-temperature steam from the tail gas of the expander power generation unit can be used as heat supply, and the remaining tail gas is liquefied and separated to obtain gas fertilizer, which greatly improves energy recovery and utilization.
2、本发明联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统及发电方法，超临界水氧化技术是一种可实现对多种有机废物进行深度氧化处理的技术，以超临界水为反应介质，经过均相的氧化反应，将有机物完全转化为清洁的CO2、H2 O、N2和其他无害小分子，在氧化处理前，首先应保证水的超临界状态，即温度374℃以上、压强22.1MPa以上，当氧化反应正常进行后，超临界水氧化反应器中温度和压力可高达约650～1000℃，压力约25～35MPa，采用超临界水氧化技术处理城市废水和污泥，该处理过程产生大量热能，将超临界水氧化过程产生的大量热能，将超临界水氧化过程产生的大量热能转化为电能，实现环境污染治理和能源开发利用相结合的生态型发展模式。2. The present invention combines supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and power generation method with supercritical water oxidation technology. Supercritical water oxidation technology is a technology that can realize deep oxidation treatment of various organic wastes. Supercritical water is used as the reaction medium. After a homogeneous oxidation reaction, the organic matter is completely converted into clean CO2 , H2 O, N2 and other harmless small molecules. The pressure is above 22.1MPa. When the oxidation reaction is carried out normally, the temperature and pressure in the supercritical water oxidation reactor can be as high as about 650-1000℃, and the pressure is about 25-35MPa. The supercritical water oxidation technology is used to treat urban wastewater and sludge. The treatment process generates a large amount of heat energy, and converts the large amount of heat energy generated by the supercritical water oxidation process into electrical energy, realizing an ecological development model that combines environmental pollution control and energy development and utilization.
3、本发明联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统及发电方法，超临界二氧化碳指的是热力学状态处于临界点之上，即温度T≥31℃，压力P≥74个大气压的状态，超临界二氧化碳处在介于液体和气体之间的单一相态，具有独特的物理化学性质，其粘度接近于气体，密度接近于液体，扩散系数介于气体和液体之间，故其兼有气体和液体的特点，既像气体一样容易扩散，又像液体一样有很强的溶解能力，因而超临界二氧化碳具有高扩散性和高溶解性。3. The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and power generation method combined with supercritical water oxidation technology of the present invention, supercritical carbon dioxide refers to the state where the thermodynamic state is above the critical point, that is, the state where the temperature T≥31°C and the pressure P≥74 atmospheres. Supercritical carbon dioxide is in a single phase state between liquid and gas, and has unique physical and chemical properties. Its viscosity is close to that of gas, its density is close to that of liquid, and its diffusion coefficient is between gas and liquid, so it has both gas and With the characteristics of liquid, it is easy to diffuse like gas, and has strong solvency like liquid, so supercritical carbon dioxide has high diffusivity and high solubility.
4、本发明联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统及发电方法，超临界二氧化碳作为发电系统的循环工质和传热流体，用于热能转换为电能的能量转换过程，由于其密度高，循环简单，所以发电机组重量轻，尺寸小，在温度较低条件下相比其他工质其布雷顿循环效率较高，使得将中低温热能资源转换成电能成为可能。4. The present invention combines supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and power generation method with supercritical water oxidation technology. Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as the circulating working medium and heat transfer fluid of the power generation system for the energy conversion process of converting thermal energy into electric energy. Due to its high density , the cycle is simple, so the generator set is light in weight and small in size, and its Brayton cycle efficiency is higher than other working fluids under low temperature conditions, making it possible to convert medium and low temperature thermal energy resources into electrical energy.
5、本发明联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统的发电方法及发电方法，用于解决城市发展中环境污染和能源短缺的问题，也可用于分布式发电系统，该方案能够有效处理污水污泥的同时产生电能；实现环境污染治理和能源开发利用相结合的生态型发展模式。5. The power generation method and power generation method of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system combined with supercritical water oxidation technology of the present invention are used to solve the problems of environmental pollution and energy shortage in urban development, and can also be used in distributed power generation systems. This scheme can effectively deal with Sewage sludge is generated at the same time as electricity; an ecological development model combining environmental pollution control and energy development and utilization is realized.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的工艺流程示意图；Fig. 1 is the technological process schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明的能量传递和转化示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of energy transfer and conversion in the present invention.
图3为本发明的超临界水氧化单元的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a supercritical water oxidation unit of the present invention.
附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:
I-超临界水氧化单元、II-热交换单元、III-超临界二氧化碳发电单元、IV-膨胀机发电单元、V-尾气热能利用回收单元；I- supercritical water oxidation unit, II- heat exchange unit, III- supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit, IV- expander power generation unit, V- exhaust heat recovery unit;
1-超临界水氧化反应器、2-主热交换器、3-第一透平、4-第二透平、5-第二电机、6-第一电机、7-高温热交换器、8-低温热交换器、9-高温压缩机、10-冷却器、11-低温压缩机、12-膨胀机、13-发电机、14-液化分离处理装置。1-supercritical water oxidation reactor, 2-main heat exchanger, 3-first turbine, 4-second turbine, 5-second motor, 6-first motor, 7-high temperature heat exchanger, 8 - low temperature heat exchanger, 9 - high temperature compressor, 10 - cooler, 11 - low temperature compressor, 12 - expander, 13 - generator, 14 - liquefaction separation treatment device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be further described in detail below through the specific examples, the following examples are only descriptive, not restrictive, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention with this.
一种联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统，如图1所示，包括超临界水氧化单元(I)、热交换单元(II)、超临界二氧化碳发电单元(III)、膨胀机发电单元(IV)及尾气热能利用回收单元(V)；超临界水氧化单元(I)包括超临界水氧化反应器(1)，热交换单元(II)包括主热交换器(2)，超临界二氧化碳发电单元(III)包括透平、电机、高温热交换器(7)、低温热交换器(8)、高温压缩机(9)、低温压缩机(11)及冷却器(10)，膨胀机发电单元(IV)包括膨胀机(12)及发电机(13)；尾气热能利用回收单元(V)包括液化分离处理装置(14)；超临界水氧化反应器(1)的高温烟气出口连接至主热交换器(2)的热介质入口，主热交换器(2)的热介质出口连接至膨胀机(12)的气体入口，主热交换器(2)的发电工质出口连接至透平，透平驱动电机，透平的发电工质出口依次连接高温热交换器(7)及低温热交换器(8)，低温热交换器(8)的发电工质出口一部分经冷却器(10)、低温压缩机(11)后连接依次连接低温热交换器(8)及高温热交换器(7)的换热入口，一部分经高温压缩机(9)后连接回高温热交换器(7)的换热入口，高温热交换器(7)换热出口连接回主热交换的发电工质入口；膨胀机(12)的低温蒸汽出口连接至液化分离处理装置(14)。A supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system combined with supercritical water oxidation technology, as shown in Figure 1, includes a supercritical water oxidation unit (I), a heat exchange unit (II), a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit (III), and an expander for power generation Unit (IV) and tail gas heat recovery unit (V); supercritical water oxidation unit (I) includes supercritical water oxidation reactor (1), heat exchange unit (II) includes main heat exchanger (2), supercritical The carbon dioxide power generation unit (III) includes a turbine, a motor, a high-temperature heat exchanger (7), a low-temperature heat exchanger (8), a high-temperature compressor (9), a low-temperature compressor (11) and a cooler (10), and an expander The power generation unit (IV) includes an expander (12) and a generator (13); the tail gas heat energy recovery unit (V) includes a liquefaction separation treatment device (14); the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the supercritical water oxidation reactor (1) is connected to To the heat medium inlet of the main heat exchanger (2), the heat medium outlet of the main heat exchanger (2) is connected to the gas inlet of the expander (12), and the power generation working medium outlet of the main heat exchanger (2) is connected to the Flat, turbine drive motor, the power generation working medium outlet of the turbine is connected to the high temperature heat exchanger (7) and the low temperature heat exchanger (8) in turn, and the power generation working medium outlet part of the low temperature heat exchanger (8) passes through the cooler (10 ), the low-temperature compressor (11) is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger (8) and the high-temperature heat exchanger (7) in turn, and a part is connected back to the high-temperature heat exchanger (7) after the high-temperature compressor (9) The heat exchange inlet of the high temperature heat exchanger (7) is connected back to the power generation working medium inlet of the main heat exchange; the low temperature steam outlet of the expander (12) is connected to the liquefaction separation treatment device (14).
超临界二氧化碳发电单元(III)包括第一透平(3)、第二透平(4)、第二电机(5)、第二电机(5)，所述主热交换器(2)的发电工质出口分别连接至第一透平(3)、第二透平(4)的发电工质入口，第一透平(3)驱动第一电机(6)，第二透平(4)驱动第二电机(5)，第一透平(3)的、第二透平(4)的发电工质出口均依次连接高温热交换器(7)及低温热交换器(8)。The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit (III) comprises a first turbine (3), a second turbine (4), a second motor (5), a second motor (5), and the power generation of the main heat exchanger (2) The working fluid outlets are respectively connected to the power generation working fluid inlets of the first turbine (3) and the second turbine (4), the first turbine (3) drives the first motor (6), and the second turbine (4) drives The outlets of the second motor (5), the first turbine (3) and the second turbine (4) are connected to the high-temperature heat exchanger (7) and the low-temperature heat exchanger (8) in sequence.
超临界二氧化碳发电单元(III)的工质为超临界二氧化碳。The working fluid of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit (III) is supercritical carbon dioxide.
一种联合超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统的发电方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：A power generation method of a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system combined with supercritical water oxidation technology, characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
1)超临界水氧化单元(I)产生热能：超临界水氧化单元(I)处理污水、污泥，产生热能；1) The supercritical water oxidation unit (I) generates heat energy: the supercritical water oxidation unit (I) processes sewage and sludge to generate heat energy;
2)超临界二氧化碳发电单元(III)发电：超临界水氧化单元(I)产生的热能经主换热器后对超临界二氧化碳发电单元(III)的超临界二氧化碳工质进行换热，超临界二氧化碳作为工质带动透平旋转，透平的传动轴带动电机发电；2) Power generation by the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit (III): the heat energy generated by the supercritical water oxidation unit (I) passes through the main heat exchanger to exchange heat for the supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit (III). Carbon dioxide is used as a working medium to drive the turbine to rotate, and the transmission shaft of the turbine drives the motor to generate electricity;
3)超临界二氧化碳工质循环：透平做功后的超临界二氧化碳乏气顺序通过高温热交换器(7)和低温热交换器(8)降温，从低温热交换器(8)出来的超临界二氧化碳一部分进入高温压缩机(9)经压缩后进入高温热交换器(7)预热，另一部分经冷却器(10)进一步冷却到低温压缩机(11)的入口温度，经低温压缩机(11)压缩后，进入低温热交换器(8)预热，再进入高温回热器预热，与前一部分超临界二氧化碳一起进入主换热器换热，换热温升后的超临界二氧化碳再次进入超临界二氧化碳发电单元(III)，带动透平旋转，电机发电，完成其闭式循环过程；3) Supercritical carbon dioxide working medium circulation: the supercritical carbon dioxide exhausted gas after the work of the turbine passes through the high temperature heat exchanger (7) and the low temperature heat exchanger (8) in order to cool down, and the supercritical carbon dioxide coming out of the low temperature heat exchanger (8) Part of the carbon dioxide enters the high-temperature compressor (9) and enters the high-temperature heat exchanger (7) for preheating after being compressed, and the other part is further cooled to the inlet temperature of the low-temperature compressor (11) through the cooler (10), and then passed through the low-temperature compressor (11). ) after compression, enter the low-temperature heat exchanger (8) for preheating, then enter the high-temperature regenerator for preheating, and enter the main heat exchanger together with the previous part of supercritical carbon dioxide for heat exchange, and the supercritical carbon dioxide after the heat exchange temperature rises enters again The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit (III) drives the turbine to rotate, and the motor generates power to complete its closed cycle process;
4)膨胀机发电单元(IV)发电：步骤1)所产生的热能一部分经主换热器对超临界二氧化碳加热后进入膨胀机发电单元(IV)，进一步转化为电能；4) Power generation by the expander power generation unit (IV): part of the heat energy generated in step 1) enters the expander power generation unit (IV) after being heated by the main heat exchanger for supercritical carbon dioxide, and is further converted into electric energy;
5)尾气热能利用回收：尾气中萃取部分超临界二氧化碳作为超临界二氧化碳发电单元(III)中的工质定时补充，其余经液化分离处理，生成可利用的气肥。5) Utilization and recovery of tail gas thermal energy: Part of the supercritical carbon dioxide extracted from the tail gas is used as a regular supplement of working fluid in the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit (III), and the rest is liquefied and separated to generate usable gas fertilizer.
超临界水氧化处理过程产生的热能作为热源，该热源通过热交换单元，将能量传递给超临界二氧化碳发电单元的工质——超临界二氧化碳；被加热的超临界二氧化碳驱动发电单元发电，超临界水氧化的热能只是部分传递给超临界二氧化碳发电单元，剩余部分热能进入能量阶梯利用部分，即膨胀机发电单元，进一步转化为电能，从膨胀机发电单元的尾气中低温蒸汽可作为供热利用，其余尾气进行液化分离后得到气肥，极大提高能量的回收和利用。The heat energy generated in the supercritical water oxidation treatment process is used as a heat source, and the heat source transfers energy to the working fluid of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit through the heat exchange unit—supercritical carbon dioxide; the heated supercritical carbon dioxide drives the power generation unit to generate electricity, supercritical The heat energy of water oxidation is only partially transferred to the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation unit, and the remaining part of the heat energy enters the energy ladder utilization part, that is, the expander power generation unit, and is further converted into electrical energy. The low-temperature steam from the tail gas of the expander power generation unit can be used as heat supply. The remaining tail gas is liquefied and separated to obtain gas fertilizer, which greatly improves energy recovery and utilization.
超临界水氧化技术是一种可实现对多种有机废物进行深度氧化处理的技术，以超临界水为反应介质，经过均相的氧化反应，将有机物完全转化为清洁的CO2、H2O、N2和其他无害小分子，在氧化处理前，首先应保证水的超临界状态，即温度374℃以上、压强22.1MPa以上，当氧化反应正常进行后，超临界水氧化反应器中温度和压力可高达约650～1000℃，压力约25～35MPa，采用超临界水氧化技术处理城市废水和污泥，该处理过程产生大量热能，将超临界水氧化过程产生的大量热能，将超临界水氧化过程产生的大量热能转化为电能，实现环境污染治理和能源开发利用相结合的生态型发展模式。Supercritical water oxidation technology is a technology that can realize deep oxidation treatment of various organic wastes. Using supercritical water as the reaction medium, organic matter can be completely converted into clean CO2 and H2 O through a homogeneous oxidation reaction. , N2 and other harmless small molecules, before the oxidation treatment, the supercritical state of the water should be ensured first, that is, the temperature is above 374°C and the pressure is above 22.1MPa. After the oxidation reaction proceeds normally, the temperature in the supercritical water oxidation reactor And the pressure can be as high as about 650-1000 ℃, and the pressure is about 25-35MPa. The supercritical water oxidation technology is used to treat urban wastewater and sludge. A large amount of heat energy generated during the water oxidation process is converted into electric energy, realizing an ecological development model combining environmental pollution control and energy development and utilization.
超临界二氧化碳指的是热力学状态处于临界点之上，即温度T≥31℃，压力P≥74个大气压的状态，超临界二氧化碳处在介于液体和气体之间的单一相态，具有独特的物理化学性质，其粘度接近于气体，密度接近于液体，扩散系数介于气体和液体之间，故其兼有气体和液体的特点，既像气体一样容易扩散，又像液体一样有很强的溶解能力，因而超临界二氧化碳具有高扩散性和高溶解性。Supercritical carbon dioxide refers to a state where the thermodynamic state is above the critical point, that is, the temperature T≥31°C and the pressure P≥74 atmospheres. Supercritical carbon dioxide is in a single phase state between liquid and gas, and has a unique Physical and chemical properties, its viscosity is close to that of gas, its density is close to that of liquid, and its diffusion coefficient is between gas and liquid, so it has the characteristics of both gas and liquid. Solubility, so supercritical carbon dioxide has high diffusivity and high solubility.
超临界二氧化碳作为发电系统的循环工质和传热流体，用于热能转换为电能的能量转换过程，由于其密度高，循环简单，所以发电机组重量轻，尺寸小，在温度较低条件下相比其他工质其布雷顿循环效率较高，使得将中低温热能资源转换成电能成为可能。Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as the circulating working medium and heat transfer fluid of the power generation system, and is used in the energy conversion process of converting heat energy into electric energy. Due to its high density and simple cycle, the power generating set is light in weight and small in size, and it is suitable for use under low temperature conditions. Compared with other working fluids, its Brayton cycle efficiency is higher, making it possible to convert medium and low temperature thermal energy resources into electrical energy.
超临界水氧化处理过程单位时间产生热能为Q0，维持自身反应所需热能为Q1，换热系统效率η1(即热能传递给超临界二氧化碳的效率)，超临界二氧化碳发电系统效率η2，则该系统单位时间发电量为：The heat energy generated per unit time in the supercritical water oxidation treatment process is Q0 , the heat energy required to maintain its own reaction is Q1 , the heat exchange system efficiency η1 (ie the efficiency of heat energy transfer to supercritical carbon dioxide), and the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system efficiency η2 , then the power generation of the system per unit time is:
W1(η1，η2)＝(Q0-Q1)η1η2W1 (η1 , η2 )=(Q0 -Q1 )η1 η2
根据设计参数取值不同，式中：Depending on the value of the design parameters, where:
η1——取80％～90％；η1 - take 80% to 90%;
η2——取46％～55％。η2 - take 46% to 55%.
膨胀机发电系统效率η3，则该系统单位时间转化的电能为：The efficiency of the expander power generation system is η3 , then the electric energy converted by the system per unit time is:
W2(η1，η3)＝(Q0-Q1)(1-η1)η3W2 (η1 , η3 )=(Q0 -Q1 )(1-η1 )η3
式中：In the formula:
η3——取8％～15％。η3 - take 8% to 15%.
则该技术方案，单位时间总的发电量为：Then the technical scheme, the total power generation per unit time is:
W＝W1十W2W=W1 ten W2
＝（Q0-Q1)(η1η2+η3-）=(Q0 -Q1 )(η1 η2 +η3 -)
＝(Q0-Q1)T＝(Q0 -Q1 )T
式中：In the formula:
η——该技术方案有效净输出热能的发电效率，约为46.8～56.5％。η——the power generation efficiency of the effective net output heat energy of the technical scheme, which is about 46.8-56.5%.
结合热能阶梯利用部分(低温蒸汽用于供热)，系统总的净输出热能的利用率可达70％以上。Combined with the step utilization of heat energy (low temperature steam is used for heating), the utilization rate of the total net output heat energy of the system can reach more than 70%.
本发明的基于超临界水氧化技术的超临界二氧化碳发电系统的控制系统采用分布式计算机控制系统结合大数据及云计算的智能控制理念。智能控制下的该系统包含启动和停止程序、保护系统及发电机、控制负荷、控制温度、控制系统内超临界二氧化碳的循环量等基本功能。除此之外还可通过云计算数据系统，积累和分析应用参数，达到节能，减少排放，提高效率。The control system of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system based on the supercritical water oxidation technology of the present invention adopts the intelligent control concept of a distributed computer control system combined with big data and cloud computing. The system under intelligent control includes basic functions such as starting and stopping procedures, protecting systems and generators, controlling loads, controlling temperatures, and controlling the circulation of supercritical carbon dioxide in the system. In addition, the cloud computing data system can be used to accumulate and analyze application parameters to achieve energy saving, reduce emissions, and improve efficiency.
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的实施例和附图，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明及所附权利要求的精神和范围内，各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的，因此，本发明的范围不局限于实施例和附图所公开的内容。Although the embodiments and drawings of the present invention are disclosed for the purpose of illustration, those skilled in the art can understand that various replacements, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to what is disclosed in the embodiments and drawings.
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