技术领域technical field
本发明属于测试装置领域，具体涉及一种推杆抗压测试平台及测试方法。The invention belongs to the field of test devices, and in particular relates to a push rod compression test platform and a test method.
背景技术Background technique
在光伏跟踪支架系统中，常见的驱动装置有回转驱动和直线推杆驱动等；由于推杆驱动较回转驱动装置有安装方便、成本低、维护方便的优势，现如今的跟踪支架系统中采用推杆驱动装置的设计越来越多；而推杆装置的稳定性和可靠性测试是必不可少的。In the photovoltaic tracking bracket system, the common driving devices include rotary drive and linear push rod drive, etc.; because the push rod drive has the advantages of easy installation, low cost and convenient maintenance compared with the rotary drive device, the push rod drive is used in today's tracking bracket system. Rod actuation devices are increasingly being designed; stability and reliability testing of push rod devices is essential.
用在跟踪支架的推杆需要保持的力很大，常常需要达到数吨的重量。而通常推杆的抗压测试较为简易，比如一般是利用直接悬挂重物进行测试；但推杆为细长杆件，它的破坏往往是发生抗压时的曲屈失稳，或者疲劳失效，这是现有抗压测试手段中并没有考虑到的问题，导致常规测试的抗压结果准确性不高，不贴近实际应用情况。由于杆件在两端受压时往往是曲屈失稳破坏先于静力强度的破坏，故本领域技术人员极有必要提供一种简单实用、测量准确、可靠性高的用于推杆在伸长一定长度下进行抗压测试的测试平台及测试方法。The push rods used in the tracking brackets require a lot of force to hold, often weighing several tons. Usually, the compression test of push rods is relatively simple. For example, it is generally tested by directly hanging heavy objects; but the push rod is a slender rod, and its damage is often caused by buckling instability or fatigue failure during compression. This is a problem that has not been considered in the existing compression test methods, which leads to the low accuracy of the compression results of conventional tests and is not close to the actual application situation. Since the buckling failure of the rod is often preceded by the failure of the static strength when the rod is compressed at both ends, it is extremely necessary for those skilled in the art to provide a simple, practical, accurate measurement, and high reliability for the push rod A test platform and a test method for carrying out a compression test under an elongation of a certain length.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术中的不足，本发明提供了一种推杆抗压测试平台，光伏跟踪支架用推杆驱动时，用该平台可以测试推杆在静荷载下的最大承载力；同时也可以测试推杆在动荷载下的疲劳寿命次数；同时提供了具体的测试方法。Aiming at the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a push rod compression testing platform. When the photovoltaic tracking support is driven by a push rod, the platform can be used to test the maximum bearing capacity of the push rod under static load; Test the fatigue life times of the push rod under dynamic load; meanwhile, provide the specific test method.
为实现上述目的提供一种推杆抗压测试平台，本发明采用了以下技术方案：In order to provide a push rod compression test platform to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种推杆抗压测试平台，包括平台底座、固定于平台底座上的推杆固定机构及荷载传递机构；A push rod compression test platform, comprising a platform base, a push rod fixing mechanism and a load transmission mechanism fixed on the platform base;
所述推杆固定机构上转动连接有推杆，所述推杆远离推杆固定机构的末端转动连接在荷载传递机构上；所述推杆固定机构与荷载传递机构相互配合实现对推杆两连接端的荷载施加。The push rod fixing mechanism is rotatably connected with a push rod, and the end of the push rod away from the push rod fixing mechanism is rotatably connected to the load transmission mechanism; the push rod fixing mechanism and the load transmission mechanism cooperate with each other to realize two connections of the push rod end load application.
优选的，所述推杆固定机构包括在平台底座上相对设置的推杆固定立柱、固定在推杆固定立柱之间的用于固定推杆的推杆固定横梁。Preferably, the push rod fixing mechanism includes push rod fixing uprights arranged oppositely on the platform base, and push rod fixing beams fixed between the push rod fixing uprights for fixing the push rods.
进一步的，所述推杆固定横梁高度可调节的固定在相对设置的固定立柱之间。Further, the height of the push rod fixing crossbeam is adjustable and fixed between the opposite fixed columns.
进一步的，所述推杆固定立柱上相对设置多排孔板，所述推杆固定横梁通过螺栓固定在多排孔板的任一排孔上以调节所固定推杆的伸出长度也即推杆两固连端之间的长度；和/或，Further, multiple rows of orifice plates are relatively arranged on the push rod fixing column, and the push rod fixing beam is fixed on any row of holes of the multiple rows of orifice plates by bolts to adjust the extension length of the fixed push rod, that is, to push the length between the two fixed ends of the rod; and/or,
所述推杆固定横梁与推杆铰接。The push rod fixing beam is hinged to the push rod.
优选的，所述荷载传递机构设为杠杆放大机构，包括呈“L”型的平台立柱与杠杆臂；所述平台立柱在平台底座上相对固设；所述平台立柱与杠杆臂之间以平台主梁连接；所述杠杆臂末端连接重物；Preferably, the load transfer mechanism is set as a lever amplification mechanism, including an "L"-shaped platform column and a lever arm; the platform column is relatively fixed on the platform base; a platform is used between the platform column and the lever arm The main beam is connected; the end of the lever arm is connected with a weight;
并且所述杠杆臂与平台主梁固连为一体，所述平台主梁相对可转动的连接在平台立柱上；And the lever arm is fixedly connected with the main beam of the platform, and the main beam of the platform is relatively rotatably connected to the platform column;
所述推杆远离推杆固定机构的末端转动连接在所述杠杆臂上。The end of the push rod away from the push rod fixing mechanism is rotatably connected to the lever arm.
进一步的，所述荷载传递机构还包括力探测装置；Further, the load transfer mechanism also includes a force detection device;
所述推杆末端转动连接在力探测装置上，所述力探测装置固定在杠杆臂上。The end of the push rod is rotatably connected to the force detection device, and the force detection device is fixed on the lever arm.
更进一步的，所述平台底座上对应重物的下侧还设置用于对推杆施加动荷载冲击的升降台。Furthermore, a lifting platform for applying dynamic load impact to the push rod is also provided on the lower side of the platform base corresponding to the weight.
进一步的，所述平台主梁两端可转动的套设在轴承内，所述轴承与平台立柱固连为一体，从而杠杆臂随平台主梁相对平台立柱可转动，平台主梁可作为转动支点B。Further, the two ends of the main beam of the platform are rotatably sleeved in the bearings, and the bearings are fixedly connected with the platform column as a whole, so that the lever arm can rotate with the main beam of the platform relative to the column of the platform, and the main beam of the platform can be used as a fulcrum for rotation b.
更进一步的，所述轴承通过轴承座固定在平台立柱的顶座上。Furthermore, the bearing is fixed on the top seat of the platform column through the bearing seat.
进一步的，所述杠杆臂的末端铰接用于连接重物的悬挂绳；Further, the end of the lever arm is hinged to a suspension rope for connecting heavy objects;
所述杠杆臂包括相对垂直的固定在平台主梁上的若干根测试横梁，在测试横梁上还分别设有用于连接末端悬挂绳的第一固定梁、用于连接推杆末端的第二固定梁。The lever arm includes several test beams which are relatively vertically fixed on the main beam of the platform, and the first fixed beam for connecting the end suspension rope and the second fixed beam for connecting the end of the push rod are respectively arranged on the test beam. .
本发明还提供了一种推杆抗压测试方法，利用所述的推杆抗压测试平台，测试在受到压力F作用下推杆静荷载是否失效，包括如下步骤：The present invention also provides a push rod compression test method, using the push rod compression test platform to test whether the static load of the push rod is invalid under the action of the pressure F, including the following steps:
S1、将待测的推杆固连在推杆固定机构与荷载传递机构之间；根据所需测试工况，使推杆的伸长长度为X；S1. Connect the push rod to be tested between the push rod fixing mechanism and the load transmission mechanism; according to the required test conditions, make the extension length of the push rod X;
S2、荷载传递机构中以重力为G的重物对推杆施加荷载；S2. In the load transfer mechanism, a heavy object with gravity G applies a load to the push rod;
S3、根据力矩平衡，计算推杆所承受的荷载：S3. Calculate the load on the push rod according to the moment balance:
所述悬挂绳与杠杆臂的转动连接点作为重物支点A；The rotational connection point between the suspension rope and the lever arm is used as the fulcrum A of the weight;
所述平台立柱及杠杆臂的连接件平台主梁作为转动支点B；The main beam of the connecting piece of the platform column and the lever arm is used as the fulcrum B of rotation;
所述推杆与荷载传递机构的转动连接作为推杆支点O；The rotational connection between the push rod and the load transfer mechanism serves as the push rod fulcrum O;
所述推杆支点O到转动支点B的距离为L；所述重物到转动支点B的距离为N倍的L；在重力G作用下，推杆只受到沿推杆方向的一对方向相反的压力F；求得：The distance from the push rod fulcrum O to the rotation fulcrum B is L; the distance from the weight to the rotation fulcrum B is N times L; under the action of gravity G, the push rod is only subjected to a pair of opposite directions along the direction of the push rod. The pressure F; get:
F＊L＝G＊N＊L； (1)F*L=G*N*L; (1)
得：F＝G＊N； (2)Get: F=G*N; (2)
即推杆支点O受到的压力F为重物重量G的N倍；That is, the pressure F on the fulcrum O of the push rod is N times the weight G of the weight;
S4、从而测出推杆在伸长X长度时，在压力F＝G＊N的静荷载下，推杆是否会发生失效；通过不断调整重力G直至测出失效时的最大的静荷载。S4, so as to measure whether the push rod will fail under the static load of pressure F=G*N when the push rod is extended by X length; by continuously adjusting the gravity G until the maximum static load at the time of failure is measured.
本发明还提供了一种推杆抗压测试方法，利用所述的推杆抗压测试平台，测试在受基本压力作用下推杆动荷载是否失效，包括如下步骤：The present invention also provides a push rod compression test method, using the push rod compression test platform to test whether the push rod dynamic load fails under the action of the basic pressure, including the following steps:
S1、基本压力的获取步骤为：S1. The steps to obtain the basic pressure are:
S10、将待测的推杆固连在推杆固定机构与荷载传递机构之间；根据所需测试工况，使推杆的伸长长度为X；S10. Fix the push rod to be tested between the push rod fixing mechanism and the load transmission mechanism; according to the required test conditions, make the extension length of the push rod X;
S11、荷载传递机构中以重力为G的重物对推杆施加荷载；S11. In the load transfer mechanism, the weight with gravity as G applies a load to the push rod;
S12、根据力矩平衡，计算推杆所承受的荷载：S12. Calculate the load on the push rod according to the moment balance:
所述悬挂绳与杠杆臂的转动连接点作为重物支点A；The rotational connection point between the suspension rope and the lever arm is used as the fulcrum A of the weight;
所述平台立柱及杠杆臂的连接件平台主梁作为形成转动支点B；The main beam of the connecting piece platform of the platform column and the lever arm is used as the pivot point B to form the rotation;
所述推杆与力探测装置的转动连接点作为推杆支点O；The rotating connection point between the push rod and the force detection device is used as the push rod fulcrum O;
所述推杆支点O到转动支点B的距离为L；所述重物到转动支点B的距离为N倍的L；在重力G作用下，推杆只受到沿推杆方向的一对方向相反的压力F；求得：The distance from the push rod fulcrum O to the rotation fulcrum B is L; the distance from the weight to the rotation fulcrum B is N times L; under the action of gravity G, the push rod is only subjected to a pair of opposite directions along the direction of the push rod. The pressure F; get:
F＊L＝G＊N＊L；(1)F*L=G*N*L; (1)
得：F＝G＊N；(2)Get: F=G*N; (2)
即推杆支点O受到的压力F为重物重量G的N倍；That is, the pressure F on the fulcrum O of the push rod is N times the weight G of the weight;
S13、即以计算得到的压力F作为基本压力；S13, that is, the calculated pressure F is used as the basic pressure;
S2、设置升降台的循环运行高度H和运行频率f，使升降台与重物在接触与脱离的状态之间循环切换，从而在升降台循环升降过程中使推杆所受荷载在0到基本压力之间循环变化，即对推杆施加动荷载冲击；并通过推杆支点O处的力探测装置记录运行时各个时间点力值大小，升降台记录其循环升降的运行次数；从而记录在该冲击动荷载下推杆是否在一定的冲击次数下疲劳失效。S2. Set the cyclic operating height H and operating frequency f of the lifting platform, so that the lifting platform and the heavy object are cyclically switched between the state of contact and separation, so that the load on the push rod is between 0 and basic during the cyclic lifting process of the lifting platform The pressure changes cyclically, that is, the dynamic load impact is applied to the push rod; and the force value at each time point during operation is recorded through the force detection device at the fulcrum O of the push rod, and the lifting platform records the number of cycles of its lifting and lowering; thus recorded in this Whether the push rod fatigue failure under a certain number of impacts under the impact dynamic load.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1)本发明测试平台结合跟踪支架的受力特征，测试推杆的两固连端受压时能承受的最大荷载，该荷载可能是风作用下的动荷载或静荷载，本平台结合推杆的受压测试特点，利用升降台、杠杆放大等机构，设计出适合推杆动静荷载及疲劳寿命测试的平台，测试结果准确性高，贴近实际应用情况，有效的解决了推杆承压的测试的难点。1) The test platform of the present invention combines the force characteristics of the tracking bracket to test the maximum load that the two fixed ends of the push rod can bear when they are under pressure. This load may be a dynamic load or a static load under the action of the wind. Based on the characteristics of the pressure test, a platform suitable for the dynamic and static load and fatigue life test of the push rod is designed by using the mechanism of the lifting platform and the lever amplification. difficulty.
2)本发明在荷载传递机构中利用杠杆原理放大推杆荷载力；在推杆固定机构中设置高度可调节的形式，可以测试推杆不同伸长长度下的荷载受力效果。从而在满足测试准确性的前提下结构简单紧凑、设计巧妙，实用性强，适于推广。2) The present invention utilizes the principle of leverage in the load transmission mechanism to amplify the load force of the push rod; the height-adjustable form is set in the push rod fixing mechanism, which can test the load force effect of the push rod under different elongation lengths. Therefore, under the premise of satisfying the test accuracy, the device has the advantages of simple and compact structure, ingenious design, strong practicability, and is suitable for popularization.
3)本发明设置升降台可调整升降高度和频率，并可记录冲击次数；结合在推杆受力点上安装了力学传感器，可记录推杆的实时受力大小；因此，可模拟在冲击动荷载下的疲劳寿命测试。3) The present invention is provided with a lifting platform that can adjust the lifting height and frequency, and can record the number of impacts; in combination with a mechanical sensor installed on the force point of the push rod, it can record the real-time force of the push rod; Fatigue life testing under load.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明测试平台的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the test platform of the present invention.
图2为本发明测试平台在动荷载测试下的推杆受力图(也是测试平台运用杠杆放大荷载的原理图)。Fig. 2 is the force diagram of the push rod of the test platform of the present invention under the dynamic load test (it is also the schematic diagram of the test platform using levers to amplify the load).
图3为本发明力学探测器处的结构放大图。Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure of the mechanical detector of the present invention.
图4为本发明高度调节板处的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the height adjustment plate of the present invention.
图5为本发明推杆安装处的结构放大图。Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure of the place where the push rod is installed in the present invention.
图中标注符号的含义如下：The meanings of the marked symbols in the figure are as follows:
1-平台底座；10-升降台；1-platform base; 10-lift platform;
2-推杆固定机构；20-推杆固定立柱；21-推杆固定横梁；22-高度调节板；2-push rod fixing mechanism; 20-push rod fixed column; 21-push rod fixed beam; 22-height adjustment plate;
3-荷载传递机构；30-平台立柱；31-平台主梁；32-杠杆臂；320-测试横梁；3-load transmission mechanism; 30-platform column; 31-platform main beam; 32-lever arm; 320-test beam;
321-第一固定梁；322-第二固定梁；33-重物；34-悬挂绳；35-力探测装置；321-the first fixed beam; 322-the second fixed beam; 33-weight; 34-suspension rope; 35-force detection device;
4-推杆；4 - push rod;
A-重物支点；B-转动支点；C-推杆安装点；O-推杆支点。A-weight fulcrum; B-rotation fulcrum; C-push rod installation point; O-push rod fulcrum.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图，并获得其他的实施方式。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other accompanying drawings based on these drawings and obtain other implementations.
为使图面简洁，各图中的只示意性地表示出了与本发明相关的部分，它们并不代表其作为产品的实际结构。In order to make the drawing concise, the parts related to the present invention are only schematically shown in each drawing, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，本实施例为一种推杆抗压测试平台，包括平台底座1、固定于平台底座1上的推杆固定机构2及荷载传递机构3；As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment is a push rod compression test platform, including a platform base 1, a push rod fixing mechanism 2 fixed on the platform base 1, and a load transmission mechanism 3;
所述推杆固定机构2上转动连接有推杆4，所述推杆4远离推杆固定机构2的一端转动连接在荷载传递机构3上；所述推杆固定机构2与荷载传递机构3相互配合实现对推杆4两连接端的荷载施加。The push rod fixing mechanism 2 is rotatably connected with a push rod 4, and one end of the push rod 4 away from the push rod fixing mechanism 2 is rotatably connected to the load transmission mechanism 3; the push rod fixing mechanism 2 and the load transmission mechanism 3 are mutually The cooperation realizes the application of load to the two connecting ends of the push rod 4 .
本实施例中推杆4与推杆固定机构2、荷载传递机构3均为转动连接，使推杆4不受其支持力的作用，从而保证推杆4所受压力的来源仅来自于荷载传递机构3对推杆4两连接端所施加的荷载，因此，该测试平台可用来模拟测试推杆4在两连接端受压时能承受的最大静荷载，也即发生失效时的静荷载；并且根据所需工况选择两连接端之间的长度，从而可以测试推杆4在特定伸长长度工况下的抗荷载效果。In this embodiment, the push rod 4 is rotationally connected with the push rod fixing mechanism 2 and the load transmission mechanism 3, so that the push rod 4 is not affected by its supporting force, thereby ensuring that the source of the pressure on the push rod 4 comes only from the load transmission The load applied by the mechanism 3 to the two connecting ends of the push rod 4, therefore, the test platform can be used to simulate the maximum static load that the test push rod 4 can bear when the two connecting ends are compressed, that is, the static load when failure occurs; and The length between the two connecting ends is selected according to the required working condition, so that the anti-load effect of the push rod 4 under the working condition of a specific elongation length can be tested.
实施例2Example 2
如图1所示，本实施例为一种推杆抗压测试平台，包括平台底座1、固定于平台底座1上的推杆固定机构2及荷载传递机构3；As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment is a push rod compression test platform, including a platform base 1, a push rod fixing mechanism 2 fixed on the platform base 1, and a load transmission mechanism 3;
所述推杆固定机构2包括在平台底座1上相对设置的推杆固定立柱20、固定在推杆固定立柱20之间的用于固定推杆4的推杆固定横梁21；在推杆固定横梁21上转动连接有推杆4，所述推杆4远离推杆固定机构2的末端转动连接在荷载传递机构3上；所述推杆固定机构2与荷载传递机构3相互配合实现对推杆4两连接端的荷载施加。Described push rod fixing mechanism 2 comprises the push rod fixing column 20 that is arranged oppositely on the platform base 1, is fixed on the push rod fixing crossbeam 21 that is used to fix the push rod 4 between the push rod fixing uprights 20; 21 is rotatably connected with a push rod 4, and the end of the push rod 4 away from the push rod fixing mechanism 2 is rotatably connected to the load transmission mechanism 3; the push rod fixing mechanism 2 cooperates with the load transmission mechanism 3 to realize the push rod 4 Load application at both ends of the connection.
本实施例在实施例1的基础上提供了一种具体的推杆固定机构设置，该立柱结合横梁的设计结构简单紧凑，不占空间且成本较低。This embodiment provides a specific setting of the push rod fixing mechanism on the basis of embodiment 1. The design structure of the column combined with the beam is simple and compact, does not take up space and is low in cost.
作为优选的实施例，所述推杆固定横梁21高度可调节的固定在相对设置的固定立柱20之间。从而使推杆4两连接端之间的长度可调节，也即推杆4的伸长长度可调节。As a preferred embodiment, the push rod fixing beam 21 is adjustable in height and fixed between the fixed columns 20 arranged oppositely. Therefore, the length between the two connecting ends of the push rod 4 can be adjusted, that is, the extension length of the push rod 4 can be adjusted.
本实施例中荷载传递机构3可对推杆4的两连接端施加荷载压力，模拟测试推杆4在两连接端受压时能承受的最大荷载，其中推杆固定机构2中推杆固定横梁21的安装高度可调节，使得本测试平台可根据所需工况调节推杆4的两连接端之间的长度，从而可以测试推杆4在不同伸长长度工况下的抗荷载效果。In this embodiment, the load transmission mechanism 3 can apply load pressure to the two connecting ends of the push rod 4, and simulate the maximum load that the push rod 4 can bear when the two connecting ends are under pressure, wherein the push rod in the push rod fixing mechanism 2 fixes the beam The installation height of 21 is adjustable, so that the test platform can adjust the length between the two connecting ends of the push rod 4 according to the required working conditions, so that the anti-load effect of the push rod 4 under different elongation length working conditions can be tested.
结合图4、5所示，更优选的，在推杆固定立柱20上相对固设多排孔板，推杆固定横梁21的两端通过螺栓固定在多排孔板的任一排孔上即可实现所固定推杆伸出长度的调节。当然，也可以采用其它现有技术中的高度调节结构实现推杆固定横梁21安装位置的调整。结合图2、5所示，更进一步优选的，推杆固定横梁21上与推杆4铰接形成推杆安装点C。4 and 5, more preferably, a plurality of rows of orifice plates are relatively fixed on the push rod fixing column 20, and the two ends of the push rod fixing beam 21 are fixed on any row of holes of the plurality of rows of orifice plates by bolts. The adjustment of the extension length of the fixed push rod can be realized. Of course, other height adjustment structures in the prior art can also be used to adjust the installation position of the push rod fixing beam 21 . As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5 , it is further preferred that the push rod fixing beam 21 is hinged with the push rod 4 to form a push rod installation point C.
实施例3Example 3
如图1所示，本实施例在实施例1或实施例2的基础上，所述荷载传递机构3包括呈“L”型的平台立柱30与杠杆臂32；所述平台立柱30在平台底座1上相对固设；所述平台立柱30与杠杆臂32之间以平台主梁31连接；所述杠杆臂32末端可转动的连接重物33；As shown in Figure 1, on the basis of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 in this embodiment, the load transfer mechanism 3 includes an "L"-shaped platform column 30 and a lever arm 32; 1 is relatively fixed; the platform column 30 and the lever arm 32 are connected by the platform main beam 31; the end of the lever arm 32 is rotatably connected to a weight 33;
所述杠杆臂32与平台主梁31固连为一体，所述平台主梁31相对可转动的连接在平台立柱30上；The lever arm 32 is fixedly connected with the platform main beam 31, and the platform main beam 31 is relatively rotatably connected to the platform column 30;
所述推杆远离推杆固定机构2的一端转动连接在杠杆臂32上。The end of the push rod away from the push rod fixing mechanism 2 is rotatably connected to the lever arm 32 .
本实施例在实施例1或2的基础上提供了一种荷载传递机构的杠杆放大设置，充分利用杠杆原理放大了推杆4的受力。其中平台主梁31与平台立柱30为转动连接，使杠杆臂32末端重物33的重力荷载全部传递到推杆4上，不被平台立柱30分担；且重物33通过悬挂绳34与杠杆臂32铰接保证了重物的荷载作用全部传递到杠杆臂32上进而全部传递至推杆4；结合前述实施例中推杆4所受压力的来源仅来自于荷载传递机构3对推杆的两连接端所施加的荷载，根据力矩平衡原理，杠杆臂32末端的重力力矩与推杆4末端的受压力矩相等，即可根据力臂大小换算出推杆所受的荷载力与重物的重力之间的倍数关系，从而根据重力即可测试出在一定静荷载下推杆4是否会发生失效。且其中主梁、立柱、杠杆臂的整体设计结构简单紧凑，成本较低。On the basis of Embodiment 1 or 2, this embodiment provides a lever amplification setting of the load transmission mechanism, which fully utilizes the principle of leverage to amplify the force of the push rod 4 . Wherein the main beam 31 of the platform is connected with the platform column 30 for rotation, so that the gravity load of the weight 33 at the end of the lever arm 32 is all transmitted to the push rod 4, and is not shared by the platform column 30; The 32 hinge ensures that the load of the heavy object is fully transmitted to the lever arm 32 and then fully transmitted to the push rod 4; in combination with the previous embodiment, the source of the pressure on the push rod 4 comes only from the two connections of the load transfer mechanism 3 to the push rod According to the principle of moment balance, the gravitational moment at the end of the lever arm 32 is equal to the pressure moment at the end of the push rod 4, and the relationship between the load force on the push rod and the gravity of the weight can be calculated according to the size of the force arm. The multiple relationship among them, so that whether the push rod 4 will fail under a certain static load can be tested according to the gravity. And wherein the overall design structure of the main beam, column and lever arm is simple and compact, and the cost is low.
作为优选的实施例，所述杠杆臂32的末端铰接悬挂绳34，重物33直接固定在悬挂绳34的末端。实际应用中，悬挂绳34可采用能承受一定重量的钢丝绳或铁丝绳。所述杠杆臂32包括若干根测试横梁320，本实施例中优选设为2根，具体的可采用较长的型钢，在测试横梁320上还分别设有用于连接末端悬挂绳34的第一固定梁321、用于连接推杆4的第二固定梁322。As a preferred embodiment, the end of the lever arm 32 is hinged to a suspension rope 34 , and the weight 33 is directly fixed on the end of the suspension rope 34 . In practical applications, the suspension rope 34 can adopt a steel wire rope or an iron wire rope capable of bearing a certain weight. Described lever arm 32 comprises several test beams 320, preferably set as 2 in the present embodiment, concretely can adopt longer section steel, also be provided with the first fixing that is used to connect end suspension rope 34 on test beam 320 respectively. The beam 321 and the second fixed beam 322 for connecting the push rod 4 .
作为另一优选的实施例，所述平台主梁31可转动的套设在轴承内(如图所示可设为方形杆，便于固定悬伸杠杆臂32)，所述轴承与平台立柱30固连为一体；具体的，所述轴承通过轴承座固定在平台立柱30的顶座上，从而实现杠杆臂32随平台主梁31相对平台立柱30可转动。或者，所述平台主梁31与平台立柱30铰接。As another preferred embodiment, the main beam of the platform 31 is rotatably sleeved in the bearing (as shown in the figure, it can be set as a square rod, which is convenient for fixing the suspension lever arm 32), and the bearing is fixed to the platform column 30. connected as a whole; specifically, the bearing is fixed on the top seat of the platform column 30 through the bearing seat, so that the lever arm 32 can rotate relative to the platform column 30 along with the platform main beam 31 . Alternatively, the platform main beam 31 is hinged to the platform column 30 .
实施例4Example 4
结合图3所示，本实施例在实施例3的基础上，所述荷载传递机构3还包括力探测装置35；所述推杆4末端转动连接在力探测装置35上，所述力探测装置35固定在杠杆臂32上。优选的，力探测装置采用便于固定安装的力学传感器。As shown in FIG. 3 , this embodiment is based on Embodiment 3, and the load transmission mechanism 3 also includes a force detection device 35 ; the end of the push rod 4 is rotatably connected to the force detection device 35 , and the force detection device 35 is fixed on the lever arm 32. Preferably, the force detection device adopts a force sensor that is convenient for fixed installation.
本实施例在推杆受力点安装了可记录实时受力大小的力学传感器；从而可配合记录在动荷载冲击下的受力大小变化，测试推杆的疲劳寿命。当然，本实施例也可以更直观的记录在静荷载下推杆所受的压力，而不需要按照力矩平衡进行换算。In this embodiment, a mechanical sensor capable of recording real-time stress is installed at the stress point of the push rod; thus, the fatigue life of the push rod can be tested in conjunction with recording the change of force under the impact of dynamic load. Of course, this embodiment can also more intuitively record the pressure on the push rod under the static load, without conversion according to the moment balance.
实施例5Example 5
如图1所示，本实施例在实施例4的基础上，所述平台底座1上对应重物33的下侧设置升降台10，升降台10用于对推杆4施加动荷载冲击。As shown in FIG. 1 , in this embodiment, on the basis of Embodiment 4, a lifting platform 10 is provided on the platform base 1 corresponding to the lower side of the weight 33 , and the lifting platform 10 is used to apply dynamic load impact to the push rod 4 .
具体的，当测试推杆4所受的静荷载时，升降台10与重物33为脱离状态，也即不对重物33提供支持力；从而可测试在一定重量的静荷载下，推杆4是否会发生失效。当测试推杆4所受的动荷载时，升降台10通过设置一定的频率及循环运行高度H控制推杆4所受荷载在0到一定压力之间循环变化，也即升降台10与重物33的下侧面在完全接触与完全脱离的状态之间切换，完全接触时对重物33提供足够支持力，此时推杆不受重物的荷载，完全脱离不接触时升降台不提供支持力，推杆受到重物的荷载；从而当升降台可按一定的频率循环升降高度H时，实现对推杆4施加冲击动荷载，可测试在该动荷载下经历一定的冲击次数后推杆是否疲劳失效。Specifically, when testing the static load on the push rod 4, the lifting platform 10 and the weight 33 are in a disengaged state, that is, no supporting force is provided for the weight 33; thus, the push rod 4 can be tested under a certain static load. whether failure will occur. When testing the dynamic load on the push rod 4, the lift table 10 controls the load on the push rod 4 to vary cyclically between 0 and a certain pressure by setting a certain frequency and a cycle height H, that is, the lift table 10 and the heavy object The lower side of 33 is switched between the state of full contact and complete disengagement. When it is in full contact, it provides sufficient support for the heavy object 33. At this time, the push rod is not loaded by the heavy object. When it is completely disengaged and does not contact, the lifting platform does not provide support. , the push rod is loaded by heavy objects; thus, when the lifting platform can cycle up and down the height H at a certain frequency, the impact dynamic load can be applied to the push rod 4, and it can be tested whether the push rod has experienced a certain number of impacts under this dynamic load. fatigue failure.
作为优选的实施例，所述升降台10上设置有可记录升降台运行次数的计数装置。更优选的，所述计数装置包括在升降台10侧壁设置的感应电磁铁以及在升降台10旁侧设置的接近开关，所述接近开关电性连接有计数器；升降台10一次上下移动的过程中，接近开关能够磁感应一次，且接近开关与计数器电连接，接近开关将接收到的次数信息输出至计数器。在本实施方式中，计数装置的型号为冲床电子计数器SJ-8S。As a preferred embodiment, the lifting platform 10 is provided with a counting device capable of recording the running times of the lifting platform. More preferably, the counting device includes an induction electromagnet arranged on the side wall of the lifting platform 10 and a proximity switch arranged on the side of the lifting platform 10, and the proximity switch is electrically connected with a counter; the process of the lifting platform 10 moving up and down once Among them, the proximity switch can be magnetically induced once, and the proximity switch is electrically connected to the counter, and the proximity switch outputs the received number of times information to the counter. In this embodiment, the model of the counting device is the punch press electronic counter SJ-8S.
另外，需说明的是，本申请中所用的升降台为外购的定制部件，具体的实现计数功能的结构及相应控制电路等均为本领域可以实现的常规技术，故本实施例中不做详细的阐述。In addition, it should be noted that the lifting platform used in this application is an outsourced custom component, and the specific structure for realizing the counting function and the corresponding control circuit are all conventional technologies that can be realized in the field, so this embodiment does not Detailed elaboration.
实施例6Example 6
本实施例为一种推杆抗压测试方法，在利用实施例3-5提供的推杆抗压测试平台的基础上，测试在受到压力F作用下推杆静荷载是否失效：This embodiment is a push rod compression test method. On the basis of using the push rod compression test platform provided in Embodiment 3-5, it is tested whether the static load of the push rod fails under the action of the pressure F:
S1、将待测的推杆4固连在推杆固定机构2与荷载传递机构3之间；根据所需测试工况，使推杆4的伸长长度为X；S1. Connect the push rod 4 to be tested between the push rod fixing mechanism 2 and the load transmission mechanism 3; according to the required test conditions, make the extension length of the push rod 4 be X;
S2、荷载传递机构3中以重力为G的重物33铰接在杠杆臂32上对推杆4施加荷载力(此时升降台10与重物33脱离，不对重物33提供支持力)；S2, the weight 33 with gravity as G in the load transfer mechanism 3 is hinged on the lever arm 32 to apply a load force to the push rod 4 (at this time, the lifting platform 10 is separated from the weight 33, and does not provide support for the weight 33);
S3、结合图2所示，根据力矩平衡，计算推杆4所承受的荷载：S3. As shown in Fig. 2, calculate the load borne by the push rod 4 according to the moment balance:
所述悬挂绳34与杠杆臂32的转动连接点作为重物支点A；The rotating connection point between the suspension rope 34 and the lever arm 32 is used as the weight fulcrum A;
所述平台立柱30及杠杆臂32的连接件平台主梁31作为转动支点B；The connecting piece platform main beam 31 of the platform column 30 and the lever arm 32 is used as the fulcrum B of rotation;
所述推杆4与荷载传递机构3的转动连接点作为推杆支点O(应当说明的是，当测试平台中安装有力探测装置5时，所述推杆4与力探测装置5的可转动连接点作为推杆支点O；当没有安装力探测装置5时，所述推杆4与杠杆臂32的可转动连接点作为推杆支点O)；The rotational connection point between the push rod 4 and the load transmission mechanism 3 is used as the push rod fulcrum O (it should be noted that when the force detection device 5 is installed in the test platform, the rotatable connection between the push rod 4 and the force detection device 5 point as the push rod fulcrum O; when the force detection device 5 was not installed, the rotatable connection point of the push rod 4 and the lever arm 32 was used as the push rod fulcrum O);
所述推杆支点O到转动支点B的距离为L；The distance from the push rod fulcrum O to the rotation fulcrum B is L;
所述重物33的重力为G、所述重物33到转动支点B的距离为N倍的L；The gravity of the weight 33 is G, and the distance from the weight 33 to the fulcrum B is N times L;
推杆的受力分析如下；重物支点A、转动支点B、推杆支点O和推杆安装点C都为可转动的连接方式(如都可以采用铰接)；在重力G作用下，推杆只受到沿推杆方向的一对方向相反的压力F；根据力矩的平衡求得：The force analysis of the push rod is as follows; the weight fulcrum A, the rotation fulcrum B, the push rod fulcrum O and the push rod installation point C are all rotatable connections (such as can be hinged); under the action of gravity G, the push rod It is only subjected to a pair of opposite pressures F along the direction of the push rod; it is obtained according to the balance of the moment:
F＊L＝G＊N＊L； (1)F*L=G*N*L; (1)
得：F＝G＊N； (2)Get: F=G*N; (2)
即推杆支点O受到的压力F为重物重量G的N倍；That is, the pressure F on the fulcrum O of the push rod is N times the weight G of the weight;
S4、从而测出推杆在伸长X长度时，在压力F＝G＊N的静荷载下，推杆是否会发生失效；并且，可以通过不断调整重力G直至测出失效时的最大的荷载。S4, so as to measure whether the push rod will fail under the static load of pressure F=G*N when the push rod is extended by X length; and, the maximum load at the time of failure can be measured by continuously adjusting the gravity G .
实施例7Example 7
如图2所示，一种推杆抗压测试方法，利用实施例5提供的测试平台，测试在受基本压力作用下推杆动荷载是否失效：As shown in Figure 2, a push rod compression test method, using the test platform provided in embodiment 5, to test whether the push rod dynamic load fails under the action of the basic pressure:
S1、获取所述基本压力，所述基本压力的获取步骤为：S1. Obtain the basic pressure, the steps for obtaining the basic pressure are:
S10、将待测的推杆固连在推杆固定机构与荷载传递机构之间；根据所需测试工况，使推杆的伸长长度为X；S10. Fix the push rod to be tested between the push rod fixing mechanism and the load transmission mechanism; according to the required test conditions, make the extension length of the push rod X;
S11、荷载传递机构中以重力为G的重物对推杆施加荷载力(此时升降台10与重物33脱离，不对重物33提供支持力)；S11, in the load transfer mechanism, the weight with gravity as G applies a load force to the push rod (at this time, the lifting platform 10 is separated from the weight 33, and does not provide support for the weight 33);
S12、根据力矩平衡，计算推杆所承受的荷载：S12. Calculate the load on the push rod according to the moment balance:
所述悬挂绳34与杠杆臂32的转动连接点作为重物支点A；The rotating connection point between the suspension rope 34 and the lever arm 32 is used as the weight fulcrum A;
所述平台立柱30及杠杆臂32的连接件平台主梁31作为转动支点B；The connecting piece platform main beam 31 of the platform column 30 and the lever arm 32 is used as the fulcrum B of rotation;
所述推杆4与力学传感器的转动连接点作为推杆支点O；The rotating connection point between the push rod 4 and the mechanical sensor is used as the push rod fulcrum O;
所述推杆支点O到转动支点B的距离为L；所述重物到转动支点B的距离为N倍的L；在重力G作用下，推杆只受到沿推杆方向的一对方向相反的压力F；根据力矩平衡求得：The distance from the push rod fulcrum O to the rotation fulcrum B is L; the distance from the weight to the rotation fulcrum B is N times L; under the action of gravity G, the push rod is only subjected to a pair of opposite directions along the direction of the push rod. The pressure F; according to the moment balance:
F＊L＝G＊N＊L； (1)F*L=G*N*L; (1)
得：F＝G＊N； (2)Get: F=G*N; (2)
即推杆支点受到的压力F为重物重量G的N倍；That is, the pressure F on the fulcrum of the push rod is N times the weight G of the weight;
S13、即以计算得到的压力F作为基本压力；S13, that is, the calculated pressure F is used as the basic pressure;
其中，应当说明的是，基本压力可以为任意压力大小(具体可以按照如上所述的力矩平衡条件计算)，当然也包括基本压力为推杆所能承受的最大静荷载的情况；Among them, it should be noted that the basic pressure can be any pressure (specifically, it can be calculated according to the moment balance condition mentioned above), and of course also includes the situation that the basic pressure is the maximum static load that the push rod can bear;
S2、设置升降台的循环运行高度H和运行频率f，使升降台与重物在接触与脱离的状态之间循环切换，从而在升降台循环升降过程中使推杆所受荷载在0到基本压力之间循环变化，即对推杆施加动荷载冲击；并通过推杆支点O处的力传感器记录运行时各个时间点力值大小，升降台记录其循环升降的运行次数；从而记录在该冲击动荷载下经历一定的冲击次数后推杆是否疲劳失效。S2. Set the cyclic operating height H and operating frequency f of the lifting platform, so that the lifting platform and the heavy object are cyclically switched between the state of contact and separation, so that the load on the push rod is between 0 and basic during the cyclic lifting process of the lifting platform The pressure changes cyclically, that is, the dynamic load impact is applied to the push rod; the force sensor at the fulcrum O of the push rod records the force value at each time point during operation, and the lifting platform records the number of cycles of its lifting and lowering; thus recording the impact Whether the push rod fatigue failure after experiencing a certain number of impacts under dynamic load.
应当说明的是，上述实施例均可根据需要自由组合。以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as required. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910854132.3ACN110455652B (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2019-09-10 | Push rod compression-resistant test platform and test method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910854132.3ACN110455652B (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2019-09-10 | Push rod compression-resistant test platform and test method |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110455652Atrue CN110455652A (en) | 2019-11-15 |
| CN110455652B CN110455652B (en) | 2024-11-29 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910854132.3AActiveCN110455652B (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2019-09-10 | Push rod compression-resistant test platform and test method |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110455652B (en) |
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