CN110430019B - Ultra-low power consumption wireless communication method and node equipment - Google Patents
Ultra-low power consumption wireless communication method and node equipmentDownload PDFInfo
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- CN110430019B CN110430019BCN201910721827.4ACN201910721827ACN110430019BCN 110430019 BCN110430019 BCN 110430019BCN 201910721827 ACN201910721827 ACN 201910721827ACN 110430019 BCN110430019 BCN 110430019B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
- H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0033—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the transmitter
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0036—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the receiver
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
- H04L27/20—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of Internet of things, in particular to a wireless communication method and node equipment with ultra-low power consumption characteristics and dynamic environment self-adaption capability under the condition of weak power supply.
Background
With the proposition of concepts such as smart cities, smart agriculture, smart medical treatment, smart wearable and the like, the Internet of things is applied more and more in social life and becomes one of the major industries for domestic and overseas development. The object end node is a necessary component of the Internet of things, belongs to a perception layer of the Internet of things, is positioned at the tail end of a topological structure of the Internet of things, is generally embedded into a human body or an object for use, serves as a perception organ and an executive organ of objective objects, and is a key ring for realizing an intelligent network and constructing network intelligence. However, the problems of excessive communication power consumption and the like are not properly solved, and the milliwatt-level communication power consumption can quickly exhaust the battery power, which seriously restricts the application of the internet of things.
For this reason, researchers have devised a method based on electromagnetic wavesThe working principle of the ultra-low power consumption modulation and demodulation method of the backscattering is shown in figure 1. Wherein A is the antenna (antenna impedance Z)a) B is an ambient radio frequency source, C is a radio frequency switch, ZLIs a load, and ZL＝Za. The specific working process is as follows:
1. the object end node converts the acquired data into a unipolar square wave signal through a baseband processing method such as channel coding and the like, and then uses the square wave signal to control the state (on or off) of the radio frequency switch C to realize signal modulation: (1) whenbit 1 needs to be transmitted (as shown in the left half of fig. 1), a high level appears at CTRL causing switch K to be turned on1Closed, A and load ZLIs turned on because of ZL＝ZaThe radio frequency circuit is matched with the antenna, so that the reflection coefficient is 0, and ideally, the electromagnetic signal is completely absorbed, and the power of the reflected signal is 0. (2) When it is desired to transmit bit 0 (as shown in the right half of fig. 1), a low level appears at CTRL causing switch K to be turned on1Open, antenna a and load ZLNot connected, at this time, the load impedance is infinite for the antenna, and the reflection coefficient is 1. Ideally, the signal is totally reflected, with the reflected signal having the greatest power.
2. The receiving end can recover the bit data sent by the object end node by distinguishing the strength of the reflected signal, specifically: sampling and judging a received electromagnetic wave signal, (1) when the energy of the electromagnetic wave signal in a symbol period is greater than a threshold value, indicating that original data sent by an object end node isbit 0; (2) when the energy of the electromagnetic wave signal in one symbol period is less than the threshold value, it indicates that the original data sent by the object end node isbit 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1, in the end node transmitter, there is only one active device of the rf switch. For example, the radio frequency switch ADG901 produced by AD company has power consumption less than or equal to 2.75 microwatts, which is far lower than that of the communication chips of the Internet of things such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, LoRa and NB-IoT.
However, the solution shown in fig. 1 also has many disadvantages while solving the problem of excessive power consumption of the object node, which is highlighted by: the modulation mode is single and has no environmental adaptability. In fig. 1, no matter whether the electromagnetic wave emitted by B is strong or weak, the object node can only transmit data at a fixed rate by using a fixed modulation method, and does not have any environment adaptive capability.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to effectively reduce thing end node communication power consumption in the thing networking simultaneously, provide environment adaptability for the thing end node, make it can be according to the environmental change, the wireless communication mechanism of dynamic adjustment, compromise validity and the reliability of communication.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an ultra-low power wireless communication method, comprising the steps of:
(1) the object end node monitors the radiation power level of electromagnetic waves emitted by the radio frequency source in real time by using a monitoring circuit and a radiation power level estimation algorithm to obtain a level value of the environmental radiation power;
(2) the object end node selects a user data modulation mode according to the environment radiation power level value;
(3) after the modulation mode is selected, the object end node generates control data, and the control data is mapped into baseband information by using a direct sequence spread spectrum method to form a control part;
(4) the object end node takes the data to be sent as a data part and forms a data frame together with the control part;
(5) when a data frame is modulated and transmitted, for a control part, an object end node uses an FM0 coding processing control part to map bits into different high and low level values, and controls the on and off of an internal radio frequency switch by using the high and low levels, for a data part, the object end node uses the modulation mode selected in the step (2) to map the bits into phase values and convert the phase values into time delay values of corresponding square wave signals, controls the on and off time of the internal radio frequency switch by using the high and low levels in the square wave signals, and controls the reflection coefficient of a transmitting antenna by the on and off and on time of the internal radio frequency switch;
(6) the access gateway receives the data frame and obtains I, Q two-path data x by band-pass filtering, coherent demodulation and low-pass filteringI(t) and xQ(t)；
(7) Access gateway computing complex number xI(t)+jxQ(t) squaring the amplitude to obtain the signal y1(t) and for the signal y1(t) carrying out standard FM0 decoding algorithm to obtain a bit sequence y2[k]；
(8) Access gateway slave bit sequence y2[k]Recognizes the preamble, performs frame synchronization, and selects from y2[k]Take out a complete frame of data y3[k]Despreading to obtain a correlation result, and judging to obtain control data according to the correlation result;
(9) and the access gateway selects a demodulation method according to the modulation type information in the control data, and demodulates the data information to obtain the data information sent by the object end node.
Wherein, the monitoring circuit in the step (1) consists of a matching network, a rectifying circuit and a microcontroller; the matching network is used for realizing radio impedance matching; the rectification circuit is used for converting a signal transmitted by the radio frequency source into a direct-current voltage signal; the microcontroller is used for converting the direct current voltage signal into a digital value through the ADC.
Wherein, the radiation power level estimation algorithm in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(101) setting the total number N of voltage levels and the maximum voltage value VmaxAnd a minimum voltage value Vmin；
(102) Collecting voltage value V from ADC pin of microcontrolleradc；
(103) If Vadc＞VmaxUsing VadcUpdate VmaxValue of (a) if Vadc＜VminUsing VadcUpdate VminA value of (d);
(104) calculating and outputting a grade value L of the environmental radiation power: l ═ ceil [ (V)adc-Vmin)*N/(Vmax-Vmin)]，ceil[...]Indicating rounding up.
The direct sequence spread spectrum method used in step (3) encodes bit "1" in the control data to "10110111000" and bit "0" in the control data to "01001000111".
The user data modulation mode selected in the step (2) comprises ASK modulation based on electromagnetic wave backscattering, FSK modulation based on electromagnetic wave backscattering and phase shift keying modulation BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16PSK based on electromagnetic wave backscattering; the BPSK based on backward scattering of electromagneticwaves maps bit 0 intophase 0 and corresponding squarewave delay time 0; and mapping thebit 1 to a phase pi, which corresponds to a square wave delay time T/2, wherein T is the period of the square wave signal.
The QPSK modulation based on electromagnetic wavebackscattering maps bits phases 0, pi/2, pi and 3 pi/2 respectively, and the delay time of corresponding square waves is 0, T/4, T/2 and 3T/4 respectively, wherein T is the period of the square wave signal.
The 8PSK modulation based on electromagnetic wave backscattering maps bit positions 000, 001, 011, 010, 110, 111, 101 and 100 tophases 0, pi/4, pi/2, 3 pi/4, pi, 5 pi/4, 3 pi/2 and 7 pi/4 respectively, and the delay time of corresponding square waves is 0, T/8, T/4, 3T/8, T/2, 5T/8, 3T/4 and 7T/8 respectively, wherein T is the period of a square wave signal.
Wherein, based on the 16PSK modulation of electromagnetic wave backscattering, the bit positions 0000, 0001, 0011, 0010, 0110, 0111, 0101, 0100, 1000, 1001, 1011, 1010, 1110, 1111, 1101, 1100 are respectively mapped tophases 0, pi/16, pi/8, 3 pi/16, pi/4, 5 pi/16, 3 pi/8, 7 pi/16, pi/2, 9 pi/16, 5 pi/8, 11 pi/16, 3 pi/4, 13 pi/16, 7 pi/8, 15 pi/16, the delay time of the corresponding square wave is respectively 0, T/16, T/8, 3T/16, T/4, 5T/16, 3T/8, 7T/16, T/2, 9T/16, 5T/8, 11T/16, 3T/4, 13T/16, 7T/8 and 15T/16, wherein T is the period of the square wave signal.
An ultra-low power consumption wireless communication node device comprises an object end node and an access gateway;
the object end node comprises: the monitoring circuit, the sending end baseband module and the sending end radio frequency module; the access gateway includes: a receiving end radio frequency module and a receiving end baseband module;
the monitoring circuit is used for monitoring the radiation power level of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radio frequency source in real time to obtain the grade value of the environmental radiation power;
the transmitting end baseband module is used for selecting a user data modulation mode according to the radiation power level value obtained by monitoring to generate control data, and mapping the control data into baseband information by using a direct sequence spread spectrum method to form a control part; taking data to be sent as a data part, and forming a data frame together with the control part; for the control part of the data frame, an FM0 coding method is used, bits are mapped into different high and low level values to generate square waves, and the switching of a radio frequency switch in a radio frequency module of a sending end is controlled; for the data part in the data frame, the selected user data modulation method is used, bits are mapped into different high and low level values to generate square waves, and the switching time of a radio frequency switch in a radio frequency module of a sending end is controlled;
the transmitting end radio frequency module consists of a radio frequency switch, load impedance and an antenna, and the reflection coefficient of the antenna is controlled through the opening and closing of the radio frequency switch and the opening and closing time so as to adjust the strength of the backscattered electromagnetic wave;
the receiving end radio frequency module is used for receiving data frames and obtaining I, Q two-path data x through band-pass filtering, coherent demodulation and low-pass filteringI(t) and xQ(t)；
The receiving end baseband module is used for calculating complex number xI(t)+jxQ(t) squaring the amplitude to obtain the signal y1(t) performing a standard FM0 decoding algorithm on y1(t) to obtain a bit sequence y2[k]From y2[k]Recognizes the preamble, performs frame synchronization, and selects from y2[k]Take out a complete frame of data y3[k]And despreading to obtain a correlation result, judging to obtain control data according to the correlation result, selecting a demodulation method according to modulation type information in the control data, and demodulating to obtain data information sent by the object end node.
Compared with the background art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the phase shift keying digital modulation method based on electromagnetic wave backscattering is adopted to parasitically modulate data on the electromagnetic wave provided by the radio frequency source, and compared with the background technology, the reliability is higher, namely, the error rate is lower under the same signal-to-noise ratio.
2. The method provides environment adaptability for the object end node, enables the object end node to dynamically select a modulation mode according to the strength of an environment electromagnetic signal, and gives consideration to the effectiveness and reliability of communication.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional ultra-low power modem technique;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit for monitoring the radiation power of ambient electromagnetic waves according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a radiation power level estimation algorithm proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the "environmental radiation power level and the modulation mode" according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a control data format according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates a control data baseband processing method according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a frame structure of an information transmission frame according to the present invention;
fig. 9 illustrates a BPSK modulation method based on electromagnetic wave backscattering according to the present invention;
fig. 10 shows a QPSK modulation method based on electromagnetic wave backscattering according to the present invention;
fig. 11 illustrates an access gateway control data recovery method according to the present invention;
fig. 12 is a radio frequency module according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the following is embodied:
1. as shown in fig. 2, the whole scheme mainly relates to three network elements, namely a radio frequency source, an object end node (sender) and an access gateway (receiver). The radio frequency source may be existing equipment in an objective environment, such as an FM broadcast signal tower, a television signal tower, a cellular network base station, a WiFi router, or may be equipment that is manually and specially arranged, such as a cruise drone, and is mainly responsible for emitting electromagnetic waves (frequency is denoted as f) outward. The object end node is responsible for sending data, and modulates and parasitizes the data to be sent on electromagnetic waves emitted by the radio frequency source. And the access gateway is responsible for receiving the data sent by the object end node.
2. And the object end node monitors the radiation power level of the environmental electromagnetic wave in real time by using a monitoring circuit and a radiation power level estimation algorithm to obtain the level value of the environmental radiation power.
1) The monitoring circuit is shown in fig. 3. The whole circuit consists of an antenna, a matching network, a rectifying circuit and a microcontroller. The matching network is responsible for realizing impedance matching between the radio frequency circuit and the antenna; the rectification circuit is used for converting the RF signal into a direct current analog voltage signal; an ADC (Analog/Digital Converter) integrated on a microcontroller Unit (MCU) is responsible for converting a dc voltage signal into a Digital value.
2) The radiation power level estimation algorithm is operated on the MCU, as shown in fig. 4, and calculates an estimated value of the power level according to the digital information output by the ADC, indicating the radiation power level of the environmental electromagnetic wave, wherein the higher the power level value is, the stronger the environmental electromagnetic wave is, and the greater the radiation power thereof is. The specific method comprises the following steps: (1) giving a total number N of voltage classes in advance, a maximum voltage value VmaxAnd a minimum voltage value VminAssigning variables; (2) collecting voltage value V from microcontroller ADC pinadc(ii) a (3) If Vadc＞VmaxUsing VadcUpdate VmaxValue of (a) if Vadc＜VminUsing VadcUpdate VminA value of (d); (4) calculating and outputting a value: l ═ ceil [ (V)adc-Vmin)*N/(Vmax-Vmin)]，ceil[...]Indicating rounding up.
3. The information sending process of the object end node specifically comprises the following steps:
1) when data needs to be sent, the object end node selects a user data modulation mode according to the environment radiation power level value: the higher the ambient radiation power level, the higher the modulation order that can be used; the lower the ambient radiation power level, the lower the modulation order that can be used. Alternative modulation schemes include (but are not limited to): an ASK modulation method based on backscatter communication, an FSK modulation method based on backscatter communication, and a phase shift keying (including BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16PSK) modulation method based on backscatter communication. Fig. 5 shows the correspondence between the environmental radiation power level and the modulation scheme when the total number of power levels is 4.
2) After the modulation mode is selected, the object node generates control data, and the format of the control data is shown in fig. 6 and mainly includes a preamble, a destination address, a source address, a modulation type, and a check code. Wherein (1) preamble: frame synchronization for the receiving end; (2) destination address: for indicating the address of the receiving end; (3) source address: for indicating the address of the sender; (4) modulation type: a modulation mode used for indicating the selection of the object end node; (5) and (4) checking codes: the check is performed on each domain, and the check method can adopt a CRC algorithm.
3) The control data is mapped to baseband information using a direct sequence spread spectrum method to form a control section. As shown in detail in fig. 7: bit "1" in the control data is encoded as "10110111000", and bit "0" in the control data is encoded as "01001000111".
4) The user data to be transmitted is taken as a data part, and the control part and the data part together form a data frame, as shown in fig. 8.
5) And the object end node completes data modulation based on backscattering and sends data frames outwards.
(1) For the control part, the object end node processes the control part by using an FM0 coding method, maps bits into different high and low level values, controls the on and off of a radio frequency switch by using the high and low levels according to the method shown in figure 1, and completes digital modulation based on electromagnetic wave backscattering.
(2) For the data part, the object end node modulates the user data by using the modulation mode selected in thestep 2 and parasitizes the user data on the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radio frequency source to send data outwards.
For the phase shift keying technology based on the backscatter communication, grouped bits need to be mapped into phase values, and then converted into time offsets of square wave signals, and then according to the method shown in fig. 1, the high and low levels of the square wave signals are used to control the on and off of a radio frequency switch, and the reflection coefficient between an antenna and a radio frequency circuit is controlled, so as to adjust the intensity of the backscatter electromagnetic waves, and complete the parasitic modulation. Assuming that the square wave period is T and the frequency Δ f is 1/T, there are:
for the BPSK modulation technique based on the backscatter communication,bit 0 is mapped tophase 0, andbit 1 is mapped to phase pi, so thatbit 0 can be converted intotime delay 0, andbit 1 can be converted into time delay T/2, as shown in fig. 9.
② for QPSK modulation technique based on backscattering communication,mapping bits phases 0, π/2, π, 3 π/2, respectively, and further converting totime delays 0, T/4, T/2, 3T/4, respectively, as shown in FIG. 10.
For 8PSK modulation technology based on backscattering communication, mapping bits 000, 001, 011, 010, 110, 111, 101 and 100 intophases 0, pi/4, pi/2, 3 pi/4, pi, 5 pi/4, 3 pi/2 and 7 pi/4 to be respectively converted intotime delays 0, T/8, T/4, 3T/6, T/2, 5T/8, 3T/4 and 7T/8.
Fourthly, for 16PSK modulation based on backscattering communication, mapping the bits 0000, 0001, 0011, 0010, 0110, 0111, 0101, 0100, 1000, 1001, 1011, 1010, 1110, 1111, 1101, 1100 intophases 0, pi/16, pi/8, 3 pi/16, pi/4, 5 pi/16, 3 pi/8, 7 pi/16, pi/2, 9 pi/16, 5 pi/8, 11 pi/16, 3 pi/4, 13 pi/16, 7 pi/8 and 15 pi/16 to respectively convert into time delays of 0, T/16, T/8, 3T/16, T/4, 5T/16, 3T/8, 7T/16, T/2, 9T/16, 5T/8, 11T/16, 3T/4, 13T/16, 7T/8 and 15T/16.
4. The access gateway recovers the data sent by the object end node according to the following steps:
1) the control data is first recovered, as shown in fig. 11.
(1) I, Q two-path data x are obtained through band-pass filtering, coherent demodulation and low-pass filteringI(t) and xQ(t) calculating the complex number xI(t)+jxQ(t) the square of the amplitude, i.e. the signal y1(t)。
(2) For y1(t) performing a standard FM0 decoding algorithm to obtain a bit sequence y2[k]。
(3) Since the preamble in the control part is known, use is made ofDependent operations may be from y2[k]To recognize the preamble code, and then to realize frame synchronization, and from y2[k]Take out a complete frame of data y3[k]。
(4) Will y3[k]After grouping, the control data are finally decided according to the relevant result and respectively associated with the bit sequences '10110111000' and '01001000111'.
2) And according to the modulation type information in the control data, demodulating by using a standard ASK, FSK or PSK demodulation method (coherent demodulation or non-coherent demodulation) to obtain the data information sent by the object end node.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-low power consumption wireless communication node device, which comprises:
1) object end node
The device consists of a monitoring circuit, a baseband module and a radio frequency module. The monitoring circuit is responsible for monitoring the radiation power level of electromagnetic waves emitted by the radio frequency source in real time to obtain the grade value of the environmental radiation power; (2) the baseband module is responsible for performing the following operations: selecting a user data modulation mode according to a radiation power level value obtained by monitoring to generate control data, and mapping the control data into baseband information by using a direct sequence spread spectrum method to form a control part; secondly, the data to be sent is taken as a data part and forms a data frame together with the control part; thirdly, for the control part of the data frame, mapping bits into different high and low level values by using an FM0 coding method to generate square waves and control the on-off of a radio frequency switch; and fourthly, for the data part in the data frame, using a selected user data modulation method to map the bits into different high and low level values to generate square waves and control the on-off of the radio frequency switch. (2) The rf module is composed of an rf switch, a load impedance, and an antenna (as shown in fig. 12), and controls a reflection coefficient between the antenna and the rf circuit by opening and closing the rf switch, so as to adjust the intensity of the backscattered electromagnetic wave.
2) Access gateway
The device consists of a baseband module and a radio frequency module. (1) The radio frequency module is responsible for: i, Q two-path data x are obtained through band-pass filtering, coherent demodulation and low-pass filteringI(t) and xQ(t) of (d). (2) Baseband moduleIs responsible for: calculating a complex number xI(t)+jxQ(t) squaring the amplitude to obtain the signal y1(t) for y1(t) performing a standard FM0 decoding algorithm to obtain a bit sequence y2[k]Since the preamble in the control part is known, the usage correlation operation can be derived from y2[k]To recognize the preamble code, and then to realize frame synchronization, and from y2[k]Take out a complete frame of data y3[k]Will y is3[k]After grouping, the control data are finally decided according to the relevant result and respectively associated with the bit sequences '10110111000' and '01001000111'. And then, according to the modulation type information in the control data, demodulating by using a standard ASK, FSK or PSK demodulation method to obtain the data information sent by the object end node.
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| CN113031745B (en)* | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | An ultra-low power consumption operation method for the Internet of Things for environmental electromagnetic energy extraction |
| CN113890809B (en)* | 2021-10-29 | 2024-11-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Modulation and demodulation method, physical end node, receiver, and communication system |
| CN118074737A (en)* | 2022-11-24 | 2024-05-24 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Backscatter communication method, apparatus, device, and storage medium |
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