技术领域technical field
本发明涉及分布式综合能源利用领域，特别涉及一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度方法及系统。The invention relates to the field of distributed comprehensive energy utilization, in particular to a distributed comprehensive energy system optimization design and scheduling method and system.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，数据中心的规模和数量持续高速增长。2015年全球数据中心年耗电量约占世界总电耗的1.3％，预计2020年将超过8％，而碳排放量有望达到2059亿吨。因此，如何实现数据中心清洁、高效且成本可控的供能日益受到关注。另一方面，数据中心中IT设备连续运行对供能系统提出较高要求，通常采用可用度来衡量数据中心的性能。美国TIA-942-A-2014《数据中心电信基础设施标准》将可用度用于数据中心的分级，并提出容错级数据中心的可用度为99.995％；而国内缺乏对数据中心可用度的研究，国家相关标准也未明确容错级(A级)数据中心的可用度。In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the scale and number of data centers have continued to grow rapidly. In 2015, the annual electricity consumption of global data centers accounted for about 1.3% of the world's total electricity consumption, and it is expected to exceed 8% in 2020, while carbon emissions are expected to reach 205.9 billion tons. Therefore, how to achieve clean, efficient and cost-controllable energy supply for data centers has attracted increasing attention. On the other hand, the continuous operation of IT equipment in the data center puts higher demands on the energy supply system, and availability is usually used to measure the performance of the data center. The United States TIA-942-A-2014 "Data Center Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard" uses availability for the classification of data centers, and proposes that the availability of fault-tolerant data centers is 99.995%. However, there is a lack of research on the availability of data centers in China. The relevant national standards do not specify the availability of fault-tolerant (Class A) data centers.
随着分布式能源的蓬勃发展，能源互联网已成为能源行业的研究热点。作为能源互联网的重要组成部分，分布式综合能源系统(DIES)采用冷热电三联供(CCHP)、光伏发电等技术，将传统的电、热、天然气供能系统与可再生能源协同规划，促进了清洁能源的消纳与系统综合效率的提升。采用DIES的数据中心，实现了能源的本地生产和运行成本的降低，获得了越来越多的关注。With the vigorous development of distributed energy, the Energy Internet has become a research hotspot in the energy industry. As an important part of the Energy Internet, the Distributed Integrated Energy System (DIES) uses technologies such as combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) and photovoltaic power generation to coordinate the traditional electricity, heat, and natural gas energy supply systems with renewable energy to promote It has improved the consumption of clean energy and the overall efficiency of the system. Data centers using DIES are gaining more and more attention because they realize local production of energy and reduction in operating costs.
然而，目前考虑数据中心技术特点的DIES优化设计和调度方法较少，同时针对数据中心的DIES进行经济和环境效益等多目标综合优化的方法亦不多见。因而有必要提出一种基于数据中心的DIES设计和调度联合优化决策方法。However, at present, there are few DIES optimization design and scheduling methods that consider the technical characteristics of data centers, and there are also few multi-objective comprehensive optimization methods for economic and environmental benefits of DIES in data centers. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a joint optimization decision-making method for DIES design and scheduling based on data centers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度方法及系统，以实现基于数据中心的分布式综合能源系统的调度。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for optimal design and scheduling of a distributed integrated energy system, so as to realize the scheduling of a distributed integrated energy system based on a data center.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:
本发明提供一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度方法及系统，所述优化设计和调度方法包括如下步骤：The present invention provides an optimal design and scheduling method and system for a distributed integrated energy system, the optimal design and scheduling method includes the following steps:
构建分布式综合能源系统的各个设备的数学模型；分布式综合能源系统包括光伏发电系统、燃气内燃机、储能电池、储冷单元、吸收式制冷机组、离心式制冷机和燃气锅炉中的一种或多种；Construct the mathematical model of each device in the distributed integrated energy system; the distributed integrated energy system includes one of photovoltaic power generation system, gas internal combustion engine, energy storage battery, cold storage unit, absorption refrigeration unit, centrifugal refrigerator and gas boiler or more;
根据数学模型，构建分布式综合能源系统的年总费用目标函数和年碳排放量目标函数；According to the mathematical model, the annual total cost objective function and the annual carbon emission objective function of the distributed integrated energy system are constructed;
根据能量平衡原理和分布式综合能源系统的工程实际确定约束条件；Determine constraints based on energy balance principles and engineering practice of distributed integrated energy systems;
根据所述年总费用目标函数、所述年碳排放量目标函数和所述约束条件，建立多目标优化模型；Establish a multi-objective optimization model according to the target function of the total annual cost, the target function of the annual carbon emissions and the constraints;
使用计算机软件进行优化求解多目标优化模型，得到所述多目标优化模型的非劣解集；Using computer software to optimize and solve a multi-objective optimization model to obtain a non-inferior solution set of the multi-objective optimization model;
采用多维偏好分析线性规划法和逼近于理想解的排序法获得非劣解集中的综合最优解作为综合最优设计和调度方案；Using the linear programming method of multidimensional preference analysis and the sorting method approaching the ideal solution, the comprehensive optimal solution in the non-inferior solution set is obtained as the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme;
利用所述综合最优设计和调度方案进行分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度。The optimal design and scheduling of the distributed integrated energy system are carried out by using the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme.
可选的，所述根据所述数学模型，构建分布式综合能源系统的年总费用目标函数和年碳排放量目标函数，具体包括：Optionally, according to the mathematical model, constructing an annual total cost objective function and an annual carbon emission objective function of the distributed integrated energy system, specifically including:
根据所述数学模型，建立分布式综合能源系统的年总费用目标函数FATC：According to the mathematical model, the annual total cost objective function FATC of the distributed integrated energy system is established:
FATC＝Finv+Fgas+Fm+FgFATC ＝Finv +Fgas +Fm +Fg
其中：Finv为年等额投资成本，I为设备的总数；Ce为第e个设备的优化装机容量；pinv,e为第e个设备的单位容量投资成本；fcr为资本回收因子，i为利率；n为设备的生命周期；Among them: Finv is the annual equivalent investment cost, I is the total number of equipment; Ce is the optimized installed capacity of the e-th equipment; pinv,e is the unit capacity investment cost of the e-th equipment; fcr is the capital recovery factor, i is the interest rate; n is the life cycle of the equipment;
Fgas为年燃料费用，Fgas＝Egaspgas，pgas为天然气的单位热值价格(元/kWh)；Egas为分布式综合能源系统全年天然气使用量(kWh)；S表示季节的个数；s＝1，2，3，分别表示夏季、冬季和过渡季；Ls为第s个季节的天数，D为典型日设备运行小时数；PGE,s,h和ηGE,s,h分别为燃气内燃机在s季节第h小时的发电功率和发电效率；HB,s,h为燃气锅炉在s季节第h小时的产热功率；ηB为燃气锅炉热效率；Fgas is the annual fuel cost, Fgas = Egas pgas , pgas is the unit calorific value price of natural gas (yuan/kWh); Egas is the annual natural gas consumption of the distributed integrated energy system (kWh); S represents the number of seasons; s=1, 2, 3, respectively represent summer, winter and transition season; Ls is the number of days in the sth season, D is the number of operating hours of equipment in a typical day; PGE, s, h and ηGE, s, h are the power generation and power generation efficiency of the gas-fired internal combustion engine in the h-th hour of the s season; HB, s, h are the heat production power of the gas-fired boiler in the h-th hour of the s season; ηB is the thermal efficiency of the gas-fired boiler;
Fm为年维护费用，Pe,s,h为第e个设备在s季节第h小时的功率；pm,e为第e个设备的单位维护费用；Fm is the annual maintenance cost, Pe,s,h is the power of the e-th device in the h-th hour of the s season; pm,e is the unit maintenance cost of the e-th device;
Fg为年购电费用，Eg/b,s,h为在s季节第h小时电网供电功率；Eg/o,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时馈入电网的功率；pg/b,h和pg/o,h分别为购电和售电的分时价格；δg,s,h为二进制变量；Fg is the annual electricity purchase cost, Eg/b,s,h is the power supplied by the grid at the hth hour of the s season; Eg/o,s,h is the power fed into the grid by the distributed integrated energy system at the hth hour of the s season; pg/b, h and pg/o, h are the time-of-use prices of electricity purchase and sale respectively; δg, s, h are binary variables;
根据所述数学模型，建立分布式综合能源系统的年碳排放量目标函数TACF；According to the mathematical model, the annual carbon emission target function TACF of the distributed integrated energy system is established;
式中：σgrid和σgas分别为电网和天然气的碳排放因子。In the formula: σgrid and σgas are the carbon emission factors of power grid and natural gas, respectively.
可选的，所述根根据能量平衡原理和分布式综合能源系统的工程实际确定约束条件，具体包括：Optionally, the root determines constraint conditions according to the energy balance principle and the engineering practice of the distributed integrated energy system, specifically including:
确定电负荷平衡约束：Pde,s,h＝PPV,s,h+PGE,s,h+PBA,s,h+PG,s,h-PCC,s,h；Determine the electric load balance constraint: Pde,s,h =PPV,s,h +PGE,s,h +PBA,s,h +PG,s,h -PCC,s,h ;
其中：Pde,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时的电负荷；PPV,s,h为在s季节第h小时光伏发电功率；PBA,s,h为在s季节第h小时，储能电池与系统的交换功率；PG,s,h为系统与电网在s季节第h小时的交换功率；PCC,s,h为离心式制冷机组在s季节第h小时的电输入功率；Among them: Pde,s,h is the electric load of the distributed integrated energy system in the hth hour of the s season; PPV,s,h is the photovoltaic power generation power in the hth hour of the s season; PBA,s,h is the In the hth hour of the season, the exchange power between the energy storage battery and the system; PG,s,h is the exchange power between the system and the grid in the hth hour of the s season; PCC,s,h is the centrifugal refrigeration unit in the hth hour of the s season hours of electrical input power;
建立冷负荷平衡约束：Qde,s,h＝QAC,s,h+ηCCPCC,s,h+QST,s,h；Establish cooling load balance constraints: Qde,s,h = QAC,s,h +ηCC PCC,s,h +QST,s,h ;
式中：Qde,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时的冷负荷；QAC,s,h为吸收式制冷机组在s季节第h小时的制冷输出功率；ηCC为离心式制冷机组在s季节第h小时的能效比；QST,s,h为分布式综合能源系统与蓄冷单元在s季节第h小时交换的功率；In the formula: Qde,s,h is the cooling load of the distributed integrated energy system in the h-th hour of the s season; QAC,s,h is the cooling output power of the absorption refrigeration unit in the h-th hour of the s season; ηCC is The energy efficiency ratio of the centrifugal refrigeration unit in the h-th hour of the s season;QST,s,h is the power exchanged between the distributed integrated energy system and the cold storage unit in the h-th hour of the s season;
确定热负荷平衡约束：Determine the heat load balance constraints:
式中：Hde,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时的热负荷；为燃气内燃机的热电比；ηAC为吸收式制冷机组的能效比；In the formula: Hde,s,h is the heat load of the distributed integrated energy system in the h-th hour of season s; is the heat-to-electricity ratio of the gas internal combustion engine; ηAC is the energy efficiency ratio of the absorption refrigeration unit;
建立燃气内燃机运行约束；Establish operating constraints for gas-fired internal combustion engines;
式中：δGE,s,h为燃气内燃机的运行状态，1为运行，0为停机；RGE,s,h为燃气内燃机在s季节第h小时的负荷率；CGE为燃气内燃机的优化装机容量，n为燃气内燃机效率曲线的分段数；μGE,t为二进制变量，判断燃气内燃机负荷率是否在第t条线段内；dt为第t条线段的斜率；ηGE,t+1和RGE,t+1分别为t+1处燃气内燃机的发电效率和负荷率；ηGE,t和RGE,t分别为t处燃气内燃机的发电效率和负荷率；In the formula: δGE,s,h is the running state of the gas internal combustion engine, 1 is running, and 0 is shut down; RGE,s,h is the load rate of the gas internal combustion engine in the h hour of season s; CGE is the optimization of the gas internal combustion engine Installed capacity, n is the segment number of the gas internal combustion engine efficiency curve; μGE,t is a binary variable, judging whether the gas internal combustion engine load rate is within the tth line segment; dt is the slope of the tth line segment; ηGE,t+ 1 and RGE,t+1 are the power generation efficiency and load rate of the gas internal combustion engine at t+1 respectively; ηGE,t and RGE,t are the power generation efficiency and load rate of the gas internal combustion engine at t respectively;
确定储电约束：Determine storage constraints:
式中：PBA/c,s,h和PBA/d,s,h分别为储能电池在s季节第h小时的充电和放电功率；αBA/c,s,h和αBA/d,s,h分别为储能电池在s季节第h小时的充电和放电状态；PBA/cmax和PBA/dmax分别为储能电池的最大充电和放电功率；Smin和Smax分别表示储能电池最小荷电状态和最大荷电状态；Ss,h和Ss,h-1分别为储能电池在第h和h-1小时的荷电状态；CBA为储能电池的优化设计容量；ηBA/c和ηBA/d分别为储能电池的充电和放电效率；In the formula: PBA/c,s,h and PBA/d,s,h are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery in the h-th hour of season s, respectively; αBA/c,s,h and αBA/d , s, h are the charging and discharging states of the energy storage battery in the hth hour of season s; PBA/cmax and PBA/dmax are the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery; Smin and Smax are the storage battery The minimum state of charge and the maximum state of charge of the energy storage battery; Ss,h and Ss,h-1 are the state of charge of the energy storage battery at hour h and h-1 respectively; CBA is the optimal design of the energy storage battery Capacity; ηBA/c and ηBA/d are respectively the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage battery;
确定储冷约束；Determine cold storage constraints;
式中：PCST/c,s,h和PCST/d,s,h分别表示储冷单元在s季节第h小时的储存和释放功率；αCST/c,s,h和αCST/d,s,h分别表示储冷单元的储存和释放状态；PCST/cmax和PCST/dmax分别表示储冷单元的最大储存和释放功率；SCST/min和SCST/max分别表示储冷单元最小和最大储冷量系数；SCST,s,h和SCST,s,h-1分别表示储冷单元在第h和h-1小时的储冷量系数；CCST表示储冷单元的优化设计容量；ηCST/c和ηCST/d分别表示储冷单元的储存和释放效率；In the formula: PCST/c, s, h and PCST/d, s, h represent the storage and release power of the cold storage unit in the h hour of season s respectively; αCST/c, s, h and αCST/d , s, h represent the storage and release states of the cold storage unit; PCST/cmax and PCST/dmax represent the maximum storage and release power of the cold storage unit; SCST/min and SCST/max represent the cold storage unit The minimum and maximum cold storage capacity coefficients; SCST,s,h and SCST,s,h-1 represent the cold storage capacity coefficients of the cold storage unit at hour h and h-1 respectively; CCST represents the optimization of the cold storage unit Design capacity; ηCST/c and ηCST/d represent the storage and release efficiency of the cold storage unit, respectively;
确定设备装机容量约束：Determine the equipment installed capacity constraints:
Ce/min≤Ce≤Ce/maxCe/min ≤Ce ≤Ce/max
式中：Ce/max和Ce/min分别为第e个设备的装机容量上限和下限；In the formula: Ce/max and Ce/min are the upper limit and lower limit of the installed capacity of the e-th equipment respectively;
确定建立设备负荷率约束：Determine the establishment of equipment load rate constraints:
Re/min≤Re,s,h≤Re/maxRe/min ≤Re,s,h ≤Re/max
式中：Re/max和Re/min分别为第e个设备的负荷率上限和下限。In the formula: Re/max and Re/min are the upper limit and lower limit of the load rate of the e-th equipment, respectively.
可选的，所述采用多维偏好分析线性规划法和逼近于理想解的排序法获得非劣解集中的综合最优解作为综合最优设计和调度方案，之后还包括：Optionally, the multidimensional preference analysis linear programming method and the sorting method approaching the ideal solution are used to obtain the comprehensive optimal solution in the non-inferior solution set as the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme, and then include:
选取数据中心的综合性能关键指标对综合最优设计和调度方案进行评价；选取的综合性能关键指标包括：Select the comprehensive performance key indicators of the data center to evaluate the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme; the selected comprehensive performance key indicators include:
供电子系统的可用度：AP＝[1-(1-AG)(1-ABA)][1-(1-ASP)2]，式中：AG为输入电源部分的可用度；ABA为UPS电池的可用度；ASP为单母线供电的可用度；Availability of the power supply subsystem: AP = [1-(1-AG )(1-ABA )][1-(1-ASP )2 ], where: AG is the availability of the input power supply ; ABA is the availability of UPS battery; ASP is the availability of single bus power supply;
供冷子系统的可用度：AC＝ACUAAC，式中：ACU为制冷部分的可用度；AAC空调部分的可用度；Availability of the cooling subsystem: AC = ACU AAC , where: ACU is the availability of the cooling part; AAC is the availability of the air-conditioning part;
数据中心的电源使用效率：式中：Pg为系统总购电量；PPV为光伏全年发电量；μ为能源转换系数，Egas为分布式综合能源系统全年天然气使用量,Pde分布式综合能源系统的电负荷。Data Center Power Usage Efficiency: In the formula: Pg is the total power purchase of the system; PPV is the annual photovoltaic power generation; μ is the energy conversion coefficient, Egas is the annual natural gas consumption of the distributed integrated energy system, and Pde is the electric load of the distributed integrated energy system .
可选的，所述使用计算机软件进行优化求解多目标优化模型，得到所述多目标优化模型的非劣解集，之前还包括：Optionally, the use of computer software to optimize and solve the multi-objective optimization model to obtain the non-inferior solution set of the multi-objective optimization model also includes:
采用ε约束法将所述多目标优化模型转化成单目标优化模型。The multi-objective optimization model is transformed into a single-objective optimization model by using the ε constraint method.
一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度系统，所述优化设计和调度系统包括：An optimal design and scheduling system of a distributed integrated energy system, the optimal design and scheduling system includes:
数学模型构建模块，用于构建分布式综合能源系统的各个设备的数学模型；分布式综合能源系统包括光伏发电系统、燃气内燃机、储能电池、储冷单元、吸收式制冷机组、离心式制冷机和燃气锅炉中的一种或多种；The mathematical model building block is used to construct the mathematical model of each device of the distributed integrated energy system; the distributed integrated energy system includes a photovoltaic power generation system, a gas internal combustion engine, an energy storage battery, a cold storage unit, an absorption refrigeration unit, and a centrifugal refrigerator One or more of gas boilers;
目标函数构建模块，用于根据所述数学模型，构建分布式综合能源系统的年总费用目标函数和年碳排放量目标函数；The objective function building module is used to construct the annual total cost objective function and the annual carbon emission objective function of the distributed integrated energy system according to the mathematical model;
约束条件建立模块，用于根据能量平衡原理和分布式综合能源系统的工程实际确定约束条件；Constraint condition establishment module, used to determine constraint conditions according to energy balance principle and engineering practice of distributed integrated energy system;
多目标优化模型建立模块，用于根据所述年总费用目标函数、所述年碳排放量目标函数和所述约束条件，建立多目标优化模型；A multi-objective optimization model building module, used to establish a multi-objective optimization model according to the annual total cost objective function, the annual carbon emission objective function and the constraints;
多目标优化模型求解模块，用于使用计算机软件进行优化求解多目标优化模型，得到所述多目标优化模型的非劣解集；The multi-objective optimization model solving module is used to use computer software to optimize and solve the multi-objective optimization model, and obtain the non-inferior solution set of the multi-objective optimization model;
综合最优解选取模块，用于采用多维偏好分析线性规划法和逼近于理想解的排序法获得非劣解集中的综合最优解作为综合最优设计和调度方案；The comprehensive optimal solution selection module is used to obtain the comprehensive optimal solution in the non-inferior solution set by using the multidimensional preference analysis linear programming method and the sorting method approaching the ideal solution as the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme;
优化设计和调度模块，用于利用所述综合最优设计和调度方案进行分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度。The optimal design and scheduling module is used to optimize the design and scheduling of the distributed integrated energy system by using the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme.
可选的，所述目标函数构建模块，具体包括：Optionally, the objective function building block specifically includes:
年总费用目标函数建立子模块，用于根据所述数学模型，建立分布式综合能源系统的年总费用目标函数FATC：The annual total cost target function establishment sub-module is used to establish the annual total cost target function FATC of the distributed integrated energy system according to the mathematical model:
FATC＝Finv+Fgas+Fm+FgFATC ＝Finv +Fgas +Fm +Fg
其中：Finv为年等额投资成本，I为设备的总数；Ce为第e个设备的优化装机容量；pinv,e为第e个设备的单位容量投资成本；fcr为资本回收因子，i为利率；n为设备的生命周期；Among them: Finv is the annual equivalent investment cost, I is the total number of equipment; Ce is the optimized installed capacity of the e-th equipment; pinv,e is the unit capacity investment cost of the e-th equipment; fcr is the capital recovery factor, i is the interest rate; n is the life cycle of the equipment;
Fgas为年燃料费用，Fgas＝Egaspgas，pgas为天然气的单位热值价格(元/kWh)；Egas为分布式综合能源系统全年天然气使用量(kWh)；S表示季节的个数；s＝1，2，3，分别表示夏季、冬季和过渡季；Ls为第s个季节的天数，D为典型日设备运行小时数；PGE,s,h和ηGE,s,h分别为燃气内燃机在s季节第h小时的发电功率和发电效率；HB,s,h为燃气锅炉在s季节第h小时的产热功率；ηB为燃气锅炉热效率；Fgas is the annual fuel cost, Fgas = Egas pgas , pgas is the unit calorific value price of natural gas (yuan/kWh); Egas is the annual natural gas consumption of the distributed integrated energy system (kWh); S represents the number of seasons; s=1, 2, 3, respectively represent summer, winter and transition season; Ls is the number of days in the sth season, D is the number of operating hours of equipment in a typical day; PGE, s, h and ηGE, s, h are the power generation and power generation efficiency of the gas-fired internal combustion engine in the h-th hour of the s season; HB, s, h are the heat production power of the gas-fired boiler in the h-th hour of the s season; ηB is the thermal efficiency of the gas-fired boiler;
Fm为年维护费用，Pe,s,h为第e个设备在s季节第h小时的功率；pm,e为第e个设备的单位维护费用；Fm is the annual maintenance cost, Pe,s,h is the power of the e-th device in the h-th hour of the s season; pm,e is the unit maintenance cost of the e-th device;
Fg为年购电费用，Eg/b,s,h为在s季节第h小时电网供电功率；Eg/o,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时馈入电网的功率；pg/b,h和pg/o,h分别为购电和售电的分时价格；δg,s,h为二进制变量；Fg is the annual electricity purchase cost, Eg/b,s,h is the power supplied by the grid at the hth hour of the s season; Eg/o,s,h is the power fed into the grid by the distributed integrated energy system at the hth hour of the s season; pg/b, h and pg/o, h are the time-of-use prices of electricity purchase and sale respectively; δg, s, h are binary variables;
年碳排放量目标函数建立子模块，用于根据所述数学模型，建立分布式综合能源系统的年碳排放量目标函数TACF；The annual carbon emission target function establishment sub-module is used to establish the annual carbon emission target function TACF of the distributed integrated energy system according to the mathematical model;
式中：σgrid和σgas分别为电网和天然气的碳排放因子。In the formula: σgrid and σgas are the carbon emission factors of power grid and natural gas, respectively.
可选的，所述约束条件建立模块，具体包括：Optionally, the constraint condition establishment module specifically includes:
电负荷平衡约束建立子模块，用于确定电负荷平衡约束：Pde,s,h＝PPV,s,h+PGE,s,h+PBA,s,h+PG,s,h-PCC,s,h；The electric load balance constraint establishment sub-module is used to determine the electric load balance constraint: Pde,s,h =PPV,s,h +PGE,s,h +PBA,s,h +PG,s,h -PCC,s,h ;
其中：Pde,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时的电负荷；PPV,s,h为在s季节第h小时光伏发电功率；PGE,s,h为在s季节第h小时，燃气内燃机的电输出功率；PBA,s,h为在s季节第h小时，储能电池与系统的交换功率；PG,s,h为系统与电网在s季节第h小时的交换功率；PCC,s,h为离心式制冷机组在s季节第h小时的电输入功率；Among them: Pde,s,h is the electric load of the distributed integrated energy system in the h-th hour of the s season; PPPV,s,h is the photovoltaic power generation power in the h-th hour of the s season; PGE,s,h is the In the hth hour of the season, the electrical output power of the gas-fired internal combustion engine; PBA,s,h is the exchange power between the energy storage battery and the system in the hthhour of the s season; Hourly exchange power; PCC,s,h is the electrical input power of the centrifugal refrigeration unit in the hth hour of season s;
冷负荷平衡约束建立子模块，用于确定冷负荷平衡约束：Qde,s,h＝QAC,s,h+ηCCPCC,s,h+QST,s,h；The cooling load balance constraint establishes a submodule, which is used to determine the cooling load balance constraint: Qde, s, h = QAC, s, h + ηCC PCC, s, h + QST, s, h ;
式中：Qde,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时的冷负荷；QAC,s,h为吸收式制冷机组在s季节第h小时的制冷输出功率；ηCC为离心式制冷机组在s季节第h小时的能效比；QST,s,h为系统与蓄冷单元在s季节第h小时交换的功率；In the formula: Qde,s,h is the cooling load of the distributed integrated energy system in the h-th hour of the s season; QAC,s,h is the cooling output power of the absorption refrigeration unit in the h-th hour of the s season; ηCC is The energy efficiency ratio of the centrifugal refrigeration unit in the h-th hour of the s season;QST,s,h is the power exchanged between the system and the cold storage unit in the h-th hour of the s season;
热负荷平衡约束建立子模块，用于确定热负荷平衡约束：The heat load balance constraint builds submodules for determining the heat load balance constraint:
式中：Hde,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时的热负荷，HB,s,h为在s季节第h小时，燃气锅炉的供热功率；为燃气内燃机的热电比；ηAC为吸收式制冷机组的能效比；In the formula: Hde,s,h is the heat load of the distributed integrated energy system in the h-th hour of the s season, HB,s,h is the heating power of the gas-fired boiler in the h-th hour of the s season; is the heat-to-electricity ratio of the gas internal combustion engine; ηAC is the energy efficiency ratio of the absorption refrigeration unit;
燃气内燃机运行约束建立子模块，用于确定燃气内燃机运行约束；The sub-module for establishing the operating constraints of the gas internal combustion engine is used to determine the operating constraints of the gas internal combustion engine;
式中：δGE,s,h为燃气内燃机的运行状态，1为运行，0为停机；RGE,s,h为燃气内燃机在s季节第h小时的负荷率；RGE,s,h,t为燃气内燃机在s季节第h小时第t条线段的负荷率；CGE为燃气内燃机的优化装机容量，n为燃气内燃机效率曲线的分段数；μGE,t为二进制变量，判断燃气内燃机负荷率是否在第t条线段内；dt为第t条线段的斜率；ηGE,t+1和RGE,t+1分别为t+1处燃气内燃机的发电效率和负荷率；ηGE,t和RGE,t分别为t处燃气内燃机的发电效率和负荷率；In the formula: δGE,s,h is the operating state of the gas internal combustion engine, 1 is running, 0 is shutting down; RGE,s,h is the load rate of the gas internal combustion engine in the h-th hour of season s; RGE,s,h, t is the load rate of the gas internal combustion engine on thetth line segment in the hour h of the season s; CGE is the optimized installed capacity of the gas internal combustion engine, and n is the segment number of the efficiency curve of the gas internal combustion engine; Whether the load rate is within the tth line segment; dt is the slope of the tth line segment; ηGE,t+1 and RGE,t+1 are the power generation efficiency and load rate of the gas internal combustion engine at t+1 respectively; ηGE ,t and RGE,t are the power generation efficiency and load rate of the gas internal combustion engine at t, respectively;
储电约束建立子模块，用于确定储电约束：The electricity storage constraint establishment sub-module is used to determine the electricity storage constraint:
式中：PBA/c,s,h和PBA/d,s,h分别为储能电池在s季节第h小时的充电和放电功率；αBA/c,s,h和αBA/d,s,h分别为储能电池在s季节第h小时的充电和放电状态；PBA/cmax和PBA/dmax分别为储能电池的最大充电和放电功率；Smin和Smax分别表示储能电池最小荷电状态和最大荷电状态；Ss,h和Ss,h-1分别为储能电池在第h和h-1小时的荷电状态；CBA为储能电池的优化设计容量；ηBA/c和ηBA/d分别为储能电池的充电和放电效率；In the formula: PBA/c,s,h and PBA/d,s,h are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery in the h-th hour of season s, respectively; αBA/c,s,h and αBA/d , s, h are the charging and discharging states of the energy storage battery in the hth hour of season s; PBA/cmax and PBA/dmax are the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery; Smin and Smax are the storage battery The minimum state of charge and the maximum state of charge of the energy storage battery; Ss,h and Ss,h-1 are the state of charge of the energy storage battery at hour h and h-1 respectively; CBA is the optimal design of the energy storage battery Capacity; ηBA/c and ηBA/d are respectively the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage battery;
储冷约束建立子模块，用于确定储冷约束：The cold storage constraint establishes a sub-module for determining the cold storage constraint:
式中：PCST/c,s,h和PCST/d,s,h分别表示储冷单元在s季节第h小时的储存和释放功率；αCST/c,s,h和αCST/d,s,h分别表示储冷单元的储存和释放状态；PCST/cmax和PCST/dmax分别表示储冷单元的最大储存和释放功率；SCST/min和SCST/max分别表示储冷单元最小和最大储冷量系数；SCST,s,h和SCST,s,h-1分别表示储冷单元在第h和h-1小时的储冷量系数；CCST表示储冷单元的优化设计容量；ηCST/c和ηCST/d分别表示储冷单元的储存和释放效率；In the formula: PCST/c, s, h and PCST/d, s, h represent the storage and release power of the cold storage unit in the h hour of season s respectively; αCST/c, s, h and αCST/d , s, h represent the storage and release states of the cold storage unit; PCST/cmax and PCST/dmax represent the maximum storage and release power of the cold storage unit; SCST/min and SCST/max represent the cold storage unit The minimum and maximum cold storage capacity coefficients; SCST,s,h and SCST,s,h-1 represent the cold storage capacity coefficients of the cold storage unit at hour h and h-1 respectively; CCST represents the optimization of the cold storage unit Design capacity; ηCST/c and ηCST/d represent the storage and release efficiency of the cold storage unit, respectively;
设备装机容量约束建立子模块，用于确定设备装机容量约束：The equipment installed capacity constraint establishment sub-module is used to determine the equipment installed capacity constraint:
Ce/min≤Ce≤Ce/maxCe/min ≤Ce ≤Ce/max
式中：Ce表示第e个设备的装机容量；Ce/max和Ce/min分别为第e个设备的装机容量上限和下限；In the formula: Ce represents the installed capacity of the e-th device; Ce/max and Ce/min are the upper limit and lower limit of the installed capacity of the e-th device respectively;
设备负荷率约束建立子模块，用于确定设备负荷率约束：The equipment load rate constraint establishment sub-module is used to determine the equipment load rate constraint:
Re/min≤Re,s,h≤Re/maxRe/min ≤Re,s,h ≤Re/max
式中：Re,s,h表示第e个设备的负荷率；Re/max和Re/min分别为第e个设备的负荷率上限和下限。In the formula: Re, s, h represent the load rate of the e-th device; Re/max and Re/min are the upper limit and lower limit of the load rate of the e-th device, respectively.
可选的，所述优化设计和调度系统还包括：Optionally, the optimal design and scheduling system also includes:
评价模块，用于选取数据中心的综合性能关键指标对综合最优设计和调度方案进行评价；选取的综合性能关键指标包括：The evaluation module is used to select the comprehensive performance key indicators of the data center to evaluate the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme; the selected comprehensive performance key indicators include:
供电子系统的可用度：AP＝[1-(1-AG)(1-ABA)][1-(1-ASP)2]；式中：AG为输入电源部分的可用度；ABA为UPS电池的可用度；ASP为单母线供电的可用度；Availability of the power supply subsystem: AP = [1-(1-AG )(1-ABA )][1-(1-ASP )2 ]; where: AG is the availability of the input power supply ; ABA is the availability of UPS battery; ASP is the availability of single bus power supply;
供冷子系统的可用度：AC＝ACUAAC；式中：ACU为制冷部分的可用度；AAC空调部分的可用度；Availability of the cooling subsystem: AC = ACU AAC ; where: ACU is the availability of the cooling part; AAC is the availability of the air-conditioning part;
数据中心的电源使用效率：式中：Pg为系统总购电量；PPV为光伏全年发电量；μ为能源转换系数，Egas为分布式综合能源系统全年天然气使用量,Pde分布式综合能源系统的电负荷。Data Center Power Usage Efficiency: In the formula: Pg is the total power purchase of the system; PPV is the annual photovoltaic power generation; μ is the energy conversion coefficient, Egas is the annual natural gas consumption of the distributed integrated energy system, and Pde is the electric load of the distributed integrated energy system .
可选的，所述优化设计和调度系统还包括：Optionally, the optimal design and scheduling system also includes:
模型转化模块，用于采用ε约束法将所述多目标优化模型转化成单目标优化模型A model conversion module, for converting the multi-objective optimization model into a single-objective optimization model using the ε constraint method
根据本发明提供的具体实施例，本发明公开了以下技术效果：本发明提供一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度方法。首先，构建分布式综合能源系统的各个设备的数学模型，然后以分布式综合能源系统的年总费用和年碳排放量为目标函数，并确定约束条件，得到多目标优化模型；然后使用计算机软件进行优化求解多目标优化模型，得到所述多目标优化模型的非劣解集；采用多维偏好分析线性规划法和逼近于理想解的排序法获得非劣解集中的综合最优解作为最优调度策略，本发明基于数据中心实现了分布式综合能源系统的调度，在提高系统的功能可用度和电源使用率的同时，实现经济效益和环境效益的整体最优。According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: The present invention provides an optimal design and scheduling method for a distributed integrated energy system. Firstly, construct the mathematical model of each equipment of the distributed integrated energy system, then take the total annual cost and annual carbon emission of the distributed integrated energy system as the objective function, and determine the constraints to obtain a multi-objective optimization model; then use computer software Perform optimization to solve the multi-objective optimization model, and obtain the non-inferior solution set of the multi-objective optimization model; use the multidimensional preference analysis linear programming method and the sorting method approaching the ideal solution to obtain the comprehensive optimal solution in the non-inferior solution set as the optimal scheduling strategy, the present invention realizes the dispatching of the distributed comprehensive energy system based on the data center, and realizes the overall optimization of economic benefits and environmental benefits while improving the functional availability and power utilization rate of the system.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative labor.
图1为本发明提供的一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度方法的流程图；Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an optimal design and scheduling method for a distributed integrated energy system provided by the present invention;
图2为本发明提供的一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度方法的原理图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optimal design and scheduling method for a distributed integrated energy system provided by the present invention;
图3为本发明提供的一种分布式综合能源系统的能量流示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of energy flow of a distributed integrated energy system provided by the present invention;
图4为本发明提供的帕累托曲线和非劣解示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of Pareto curve and non-inferior solution provided by the present invention;
图5为本发明提供的一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度系统的结构图。Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of an optimal design and scheduling system of a distributed integrated energy system provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的目的是提供一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度方法及系统，以实现基于数据中心的分布式综合能源系统的调度。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for optimal design and scheduling of a distributed integrated energy system, so as to realize the scheduling of a distributed integrated energy system based on a data center.
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对发明作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
为了实现上述目的，本发明公开了一种针对数据中心的DIES设计和调度联合优化决策方法，其弥补了现有技术的不足，以年总费用和年碳排放量为目标，建立了适用于级数据中心分布式综合能源系统的多目标优化设计和调度模型，通过对优化模型进行求解，然后采用两种决策方法完成双目标最优方案的选取，得到关键设备的装机容量和出力计划，实现了分布式综合能源系统的调度综合优化。分布式综合能源系统多目标优化技术路径如图2所示。In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention discloses a DIES design and scheduling joint optimization decision-making method for data centers, which makes up for the deficiencies of the prior art, and aims at the total annual cost and annual carbon emissions, and establishes a method suitable for level The multi-objective optimization design and scheduling model of the distributed integrated energy system of the data center solves the optimization model, and then uses two decision-making methods to complete the selection of the dual-objective optimal solution, and obtain the installed capacity and output plan of the key equipment. Scheduling comprehensive optimization of distributed integrated energy systems. The multi-objective optimization technology path of the distributed integrated energy system is shown in Figure 2.
具体的步骤，如图1和2所示本发明提供一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度方法，所述优化设计和调度方法包括如下步骤：Concrete steps, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the present invention provides an optimal design and scheduling method for a distributed integrated energy system, and the optimal design and scheduling method includes the following steps:
步骤101，构建分布式综合能源系统的各个设备的数学模型；分布式综合能源系统包括光伏发电系统、燃气内燃机、储能电池、储冷单元、吸收式制冷机组、离心式制冷机和燃气锅炉中的一种或多种。Step 101, building a mathematical model of each device in the distributed integrated energy system; the distributed integrated energy system includes a photovoltaic power generation system, a gas internal combustion engine, an energy storage battery, a cold storage unit, an absorption refrigeration unit, a centrifugal refrigerator, and a gas boiler one or more of .
针对数据中心的地理位置和气候条件，模拟其夏季、冬季和过渡季3个典型日每小时的冷、热、电负荷需求，作为优化模型的输入数据。According to the geographic location and climatic conditions of the data center, the hourly cooling, heating and electricity load demands of three typical days in summer, winter and transition season are simulated as the input data of the optimization model.
分布式综合能源系统如图3所示，分别构建分布式综合能源系统中光伏发电、燃气内燃机、储能设备、制冷设备和燃气锅炉设备模型。The distributed integrated energy system is shown in Figure 3, and the photovoltaic power generation, gas internal combustion engine, energy storage equipment, refrigeration equipment and gas boiler equipment models in the distributed integrated energy system are respectively constructed.
1)构建光伏发电模型如下：1) Construct the photovoltaic power generation model as follows:
Tm＝T+0.0138S(1-0.042ν)(1+0.031T) (2)Tm =T+0.0138S(1-0.042ν)(1+0.031T) (2)
式中：PPV为光伏发电输出功率；ε为温度系数；Tm为光伏组件实际温度；T和S分别为实际环境温度和太阳辐照强度；PSTC、TSTC和SSTC分别表示在STC测试条件下最大发电功率、环境温度(25℃)和太阳辐照强度(1000W/m2)；ν表示风速。In the formula: PPV is the output power of photovoltaic power generation; ε is the temperature coefficient; Tm is the actual temperature of the photovoltaic module; T and S are the actual ambient temperature and solar radiation intensity respectively; PSTC , TSTC and SSTC are represented in STC The maximum power generation, ambient temperature (25°C) and solar radiation intensity (1000W/m2 ) under test conditions; ν means wind speed.
2)构建燃气内燃机(燃气内燃机)的电、热输出功率及发电效率模型如下：2) Construct the electric and thermal output power and power generation efficiency model of gas internal combustion engine (gas internal combustion engine) as follows:
PGE＝δGERGECGE (3)PGE = δGE RGE CGE (3)
式中：PGE为燃气内燃机的电输出功率；δGE为二进制变量，表示燃气内燃机的运行状态，1为运行，0为停机；RGE为燃气内燃机的负荷率；CGE为燃气内燃机的优化装机容量；GGE为天然气的消耗量；HGE为燃气内燃机的热输出功率；为燃气内燃机的热电比；ηGE为燃气内燃机的发电效率；a，b，c为燃气内燃机发电效率曲线系数。In the formula: PGE is the electrical output power of the gas internal combustion engine; δGE is a binary variable, indicating the operating state of the gas internal combustion engine, 1 is running, 0 is shut down; RGE is the load rate of the gas internal combustion engine; CGE is the optimization of the gas internal combustion engine Installed capacity; GGE is the consumption of natural gas; HGE is the heat output power of gas internal combustion engine; is the heat-to-electricity ratio of the gas internal combustion engine; ηGE is the power generation efficiency of the gas internal combustion engine; a, b, c are the power generation efficiency curve coefficients of the gas internal combustion engine.
3)构建储能电池的数学模型如下所示：3) The mathematical model for constructing an energy storage battery is as follows:
式中：PBA/c和PBA/d分别表示储能电池的充电和放电功率；αBA/c和αBA/d均为二进制变量，分别表示储能电池的充电和放电状态；PBA/cmax和PBA/dmax分别表示储能电池的最大充电和放电功率；Smin和Smax分别表示储能电池最小和最大荷电状态；Sh和Sh-1分别表示储能电池在第h和h-1小时的荷电状态；CBA表示储能电池的容量；ηBA/c和ηBA/d分别表示储能电池的充电和放电效率。In the formula: PBA/c and PBA/d represent the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery, respectively; αBA/c and αBA/d are binary variables, respectively representing the charging and discharging state of the energy storage battery; PBA /cmax and PBA/dmax represent the maximum charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery, respectively; Smin and Smax represent the minimum and maximum state of charge of the energy storage battery, respectively; Sh andSh-1 represent the energy storage battery at the h and h-1 hour state of charge; CBA represents the capacity of the energy storage battery; ηBA/c and ηBA/d represent the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage battery, respectively.
4)构建储冷单元数学建模如下：4) Construct the mathematical modeling of the cold storage unit as follows:
式中：αCST/c和αCST/d分别表示储冷单元的储存和释放状态；PCST/c和PCST/d分别表示储冷单元的储存和释放功率；PCST/cmax和PCST/dmax分别表示储冷单元的最大储存和释放功率；SCST/min和SCST/max分别表示储冷单元最小和最大储冷量系数；SCST/h和SCST/h-1分别表示储冷单元在第h和h-1小时的储冷量系数；CCST表示储冷单元的容量；ηCST/c和ηCST/d分别表示储冷单元的储存和释放效率。In the formula: αCST/c and αCST/d represent the storage and release states of the cold storage unit, respectively; PCST/c and PCST/d represent the storage and release power of the cold storage unit, respectively; PCST/cmax and PCST /dmax represents the maximum storage and release power of the cold storage unit; SCST/min and SCST/max represent the minimum and maximum cold storage capacity coefficients of the cold storage unit; SCST/h and SCST/h-1 represent the storage capacity The cold storage capacity coefficient of the cold unit at hour h and h-1; CCST represents the capacity of the cold storage unit; ηCST/c and ηCST/d represent the storage and release efficiency of the cold storage unit, respectively.
5)构建吸收式制冷机组的输出冷能的功率模型如下：5) Construct the power model of the output cold energy of the absorption refrigeration unit as follows:
QAC＝ηACQRE (8)QAC ＝ηAC QRE (8)
式中：QAC为吸收式制冷机的制冷功率；ηAC为吸收式制冷机的能效比；QRE为余热回收的热功率。Where: QAC is the cooling power of the absorption chiller; ηAC is the energy efficiency ratio of the absorption chiller; QRE is the thermal power of waste heat recovery.
6)构建离心式制冷机的数学模型如下：6) The mathematical model of constructing the centrifugal refrigerator is as follows:
QCC＝ηCCPCC (9)QCC ＝ηCC PCC (9)
式中：QCC为离心式制冷机的制冷功率；ηCC为离心式制冷机的能效比；PCC为离心式制冷机的电输入功率。Where: QCC is the cooling power of the centrifugal refrigerator; ηCC is the energy efficiency ratio of the centrifugal refrigerator; PCC is the electrical input power of the centrifugal refrigerator.
7)构建燃气锅炉的数学建模如下：7) The mathematical modeling for constructing a gas boiler is as follows:
HB＝ηBGB (10)HB ＝ηB GB (10)
式中：HB为燃气锅炉的供热功率；ηB为燃气锅炉的热效率；GB为燃气锅炉的天然气使用量。Where: HB is the heating power of the gas boiler; ηB is the thermal efficiency of the gas boiler; GB is the natural gas consumption of the gas boiler.
步骤102，根据所述数学模型，构建分布式综合能源系统的年总费用目标函数和年碳排放量目标函数。Step 102, according to the mathematical model, construct the target function of the total annual cost and the target function of the annual carbon emission of the distributed integrated energy system.
所述根据所述数学模型，构建分布式综合能源系统的年总费用目标函数和年碳排放量目标函数，具体包括：According to the mathematical model, the annual total cost objective function and the annual carbon emission objective function of the distributed integrated energy system are constructed, specifically including:
根据所述数学模型，建立分布式综合能源系统的年总费用目标函数FATC：According to the mathematical model, the annual total cost objective function FATC of the distributed integrated energy system is established:
FATC＝Finv+Fgas+Fm+Fg (11)FATC ＝Finv +Fgas +Fm +Fg (11)
其中：Finv为年等额投资成本，年等额投资成本的表达式为：Among them: Finv is the annual equivalent investment cost, and the expression of the annual equivalent investment cost is:
式中，I为设备的总数；Ce为第e个设备的优化装机容量；pinv,e为第e个设备的单位容量投资成本；fcr为资本回收因子，如下式所示。In the formula, I is the total number of equipment; Ce is the optimized installed capacity of the e-th equipment; pinv,e is the unit capacity investment cost of the e-th equipment; fcr is the capital recovery factor, as shown in the following formula.
式中，i为利率；n为设备的生命周期。In the formula, i is the interest rate; n is the life cycle of the equipment.
Fgas为年燃料费用，年燃料费用表达式为：Fgas is the annual fuel cost, and the annual fuel cost expression is:
Fgas＝Egaspgas (14)Fgas = Egas pgas (14)
式中，pgas为天然气的单位热值价格(元/kWh)；Egas为分布式综合能源系统全年天然气使用量(kWh)，表达式为：In the formula, pgas is the unit calorific value price of natural gas (yuan/kWh); Egas is the annual natural gas consumption (kWh) of the distributed integrated energy system, and the expression is:
式中，S为夏季、冬季和过渡季的天数；D为典型日设备运行小时数；PGE,s,h和ηGE,s,h分别为燃气内燃机在s季节第h小时的发电功率和发电效率；HB,s,h为燃气锅炉在s季节第h小时的产热功率；ηB为燃气锅炉热效率；In the formula, S is the number of days in summer, winter and transition season; D is the number of operating hours of equipment in a typical day; PGE,s,h and ηGE,s,h are the power generation and Power generation efficiency; HB, s, h is the heat production power of the gas-fired boiler in the hour h of season s; ηB is the thermal efficiency of the gas-fired boiler;
Fm为年维护费用，表达式为：Fm is the annual maintenance fee, the expression is:
式中，Pe,s,h为第e个设备在s季节第h小时的功率；pm,e为第e个设备的单位维护费用；In the formula, Pe,s,h is the power of the e-th device in the h-th hour of the s season; pm,e is the unit maintenance cost of the e-th device;
Fg为年购电费用，表达式为：Fg is the annual electricity purchase cost, the expression is:
式中，Eg/b,s,h为在s季节第h小时电网供电功率；Eg/o,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时馈入电网的功率；pg/b,h和pg/o,h分别为购电和售电的分时价格；δg,s,h为二进制变量；In the formula, Eg/b,s,h is the power supplied by the grid in the h-th hour of the s season; Eg/o,s,h is the power fed into the grid by the distributed integrated energy system in the h-th hour of the s season; pg /b, h and pg/o, h are the time-of-use prices of electricity purchase and sale respectively; δg, s, h are binary variables;
根据所述数学模型，建立分布式综合能源系统的年碳排放量目标函数TACF；According to the mathematical model, the annual carbon emission target function TACF of the distributed integrated energy system is established;
式中：σgrid和σgas分别为电网和天然气的碳排放因子。In the formula: σgrid and σgas are the carbon emission factors of power grid and natural gas, respectively.
步骤103，根据能量平衡原理和分布式综合能源系统的工程实际确定约束条件。In step 103, the constraint conditions are determined according to the energy balance principle and the engineering practice of the distributed integrated energy system.
步骤103所述根据能量平衡原理和分布式综合能源系统的工程实际确定约束条件，具体包括：In step 103, the constraint conditions are determined according to the energy balance principle and the engineering practice of the distributed integrated energy system, specifically including:
确定电负荷平衡约束：Determine the electrical load balancing constraints:
Pde,s,h＝PPV,s,h+PGE,s,h+PBA,s,h+PG,s,h-PCC,s,h (19)；Pde,s,h =PPV,s,h +PGE,s,h +PBA,s,h +PG,s,h -PCC,s,h (19);
其中：Pde,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时的电负荷；PPV,s,h为在s季节第h小时光伏发电功率；PBA,s,h为在s季节第h小时，储能电池与系统的交换功率；PG,s,h为系统与电网在s季节第h小时的交换功率；PCC,s,h为离心式制冷机组在s季节第h小时的电输入功率；Among them: Pde,s,h is the electric load of the distributed integrated energy system in the hth hour of the s season; PPV,s,h is the photovoltaic power generation power in the hth hour of the s season; PBA,s,h is the In the hth hour of the season, the exchange power between the energy storage battery and the system; PG,s,h is the exchange power between the system and the grid in the hth hour of the s season; PCC,s,h is the centrifugal refrigeration unit in the hth hour of the s season hours of electrical input power;
建立冷负荷平衡约束：Establish cooling load balance constraints:
Qde,s,h＝QAC,s,h+ηCCPCC,s,h+QST,s,h (20)；Qde,s,h = QAC,s,h +ηCC PCC,s,h +QST,s,h (20);
式中：Qde,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时的冷负荷；QAC,s,h为吸收式制冷机组在s季节第h小时的制冷输出功率；ηCC为离心式制冷机组在s季节第h小时的能效比；QST,s,h为分布式综合能源系统与蓄冷单元在s季节第h小时交换的功率；In the formula: Qde,s,h is the cooling load of the distributed integrated energy system in the h-th hour of the s season; QAC,s,h is the cooling output power of the absorption refrigeration unit in the h-th hour of the s season; ηCC is The energy efficiency ratio of the centrifugal refrigeration unit in the h-th hour of the s season;QST,s,h is the power exchanged between the distributed integrated energy system and the cold storage unit in the h-th hour of the s season;
确定热负荷平衡约束：Determine the heat load balance constraints:
式中：Hde,s,h为分布式综合能源系统在s季节第h小时的热负荷；为燃气内燃机的热电比；ηAC为吸收式制冷机组的能效比；In the formula: Hde,s,h is the heat load of the distributed integrated energy system in the h-th hour of season s; is the heat-to-electricity ratio of the gas internal combustion engine; ηAC is the energy efficiency ratio of the absorption refrigeration unit;
建立燃气内燃机运行约束；Establish operating constraints for gas-fired internal combustion engines;
式中：δGE,s,h为燃气内燃机的运行状态，1为运行，0为停机；RGE,s,h为燃气内燃机在s季节第h小时的负荷率；CGE为燃气内燃机的优化装机容量，n为燃气内燃机效率曲线的分段数；μGE,t为二进制变量，判断燃气内燃机负荷率是否在第t条线段内；dt为第t条线段的斜率；ηGE,t+1和RGE,t+1分别为t+1处燃气内燃机的发电效率和负荷率；ηGE,t和RGE,t分别为t处燃气内燃机的发电效率和负荷率；In the formula: δGE,s,h is the running state of the gas internal combustion engine, 1 is running, and 0 is shut down; RGE,s,h is the load rate of the gas internal combustion engine in the h hour of season s; CGE is the optimization of the gas internal combustion engine Installed capacity, n is the segment number of the gas internal combustion engine efficiency curve; μGE,t is a binary variable, judging whether the gas internal combustion engine load rate is within the tth line segment; dt is the slope of the tth line segment; ηGE,t+ 1 and RGE,t+1 are the power generation efficiency and load rate of the gas internal combustion engine at t+1 respectively; ηGE,t and RGE,t are the power generation efficiency and load rate of the gas internal combustion engine at t respectively;
确定储电约束：Determine storage constraints:
式中：PBA/c,s,h和PBA/d,s,h分别为储能电池在s季节第h小时的充电和放电功率；αBA/c,s,h和αBA/d,s,h分别为储能电池在s季节第h小时的充电和放电状态；PBA/cmax和PBA/dmax分别为储能电池的最大充电和放电功率；Smin和Smax分别表示储能电池最小荷电状态和最大荷电状态；Ss,h和Ss,h-1分别为储能电池在第h和h-1小时的荷电状态；CBA为储能电池的优化设计容量；ηBA/c和ηBA/d分别为储能电池的充电和放电效率；In the formula: PBA/c,s,h and PBA/d,s,h are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery in the h-th hour of season s, respectively; αBA/c,s,h and αBA/d , s, h are the charging and discharging states of the energy storage battery in the hth hour of season s; PBA/cmax and PBA/dmax are the maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery; Smin and Smax are the storage battery The minimum state of charge and the maximum state of charge of the energy storage battery; Ss,h and Ss,h-1 are the state of charge of the energy storage battery at hour h and h-1 respectively; CBA is the optimal design of the energy storage battery Capacity; ηBA/c and ηBA/d are respectively the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage battery;
确定储冷约束；Determine cold storage constraints;
式中：PCST/c,s,h和PCST/d,s,h分别表示储冷单元在s季节第h小时的储存和释放功率；αCST/c,s,h和αCST/d,s,h分别表示储冷单元的储存和释放状态；PCST/cmax和PCST/dmax分别表示储冷单元的最大储存和释放功率；SCST/min和SCST/max分别表示储冷单元最小和最大储冷量系数；SCST,s,h和SCST,s,h-1分别表示储冷单元在第h和h-1小时的储冷量系数；CCST表示储冷单元的优化设计容量；ηCST/c和ηCST/d分别表示储冷单元的储存和释放效率；In the formula: PCST/c, s, h and PCST/d, s, h represent the storage and release power of the cold storage unit in the h hour of season s respectively; αCST/c, s, h and αCST/d , s, h represent the storage and release states of the cold storage unit; PCST/cmax and PCST/dmax represent the maximum storage and release power of the cold storage unit; SCST/min and SCST/max represent the cold storage unit The minimum and maximum cold storage capacity coefficients; SCST,s,h and SCST,s,h-1 represent the cold storage capacity coefficients of the cold storage unit at hour h and h-1 respectively; CCST represents the optimization of the cold storage unit Design capacity; ηCST/c and ηCST/d represent the storage and release efficiency of the cold storage unit, respectively;
确定设备装机容量约束：Determine the equipment installed capacity constraints:
Ce/min≤Ce≤Ce/max (25)Ce/min ≤Ce ≤Ce/max (25)
式中：Ce/max和Ce/min分别为第e个设备的装机容量上限和下限；In the formula: Ce/max and Ce/min are the upper limit and lower limit of the installed capacity of the e-th equipment respectively;
确定建立设备负荷率约束：Determine the establishment of equipment load rate constraints:
Re/min≤Re,s,h≤Re/max (26)Re/min ≤ Re,s,h ≤ Re/max (26)
式中：Re/max和Re/min分别为第e个设备的负荷率上限和下限。In the formula: Re/max and Re/min are the upper limit and lower limit of the load rate of the e-th equipment, respectively.
步骤104，根据所述年总费用目标函数、所述年碳排放量目标函数和所述约束条件，建立多目标优化模型；Step 104, establishing a multi-objective optimization model according to the objective function of the total annual cost, the objective function of the annual carbon emission and the constraints;
通过ε-约束法将其中一个目标化为不等式约束，另一个目标选为基本目标，从而使多目标优化问题转化为易于求解的单目标优化问题。将所述多目标优化模型采用ε-约束法进行处理，将年碳排放量TACF转化为不等式约束，而把年总费用FATC选为基本目标；或将年总费用FATC转化为不等式约束，而把年碳排放量TACF选为基本目标，得到如下优化模型：One of the objectives is transformed into an inequality constraint by the ε-constraint method, and the other objective is selected as a basic objective, so that the multi-objective optimization problem is transformed into an easy-to-solve single-objective optimization problem. The multi-objective optimization model is processed by the ε-constraint method, and the annual carbon emission TACF is transformed into an inequality constraint, and the annual total cost FATC is selected as the basic target; or the annual total cost FATC is transformed into an inequality constraint , and the annual carbon emission TACF is selected as the basic target, and the following optimization model is obtained:
式中：ε1和ε2分别表示目标TACF和FATC的上限值；A(x)≤0代表了模型中的所有不等式约束(如设备装机容量约束Ce/min≤Ce≤Ce/max，经过不等式变形后转换为A(x)≤0)；B(x)＝0代表了模型中的所有等式约束(如电平衡约束Pde,s,h＝PPV,s,h+PGE,s,h+PBA,s,h+PG,s,h-PCC,s,h；经过等式变形后变为B(x)＝0)。In the formula: ε1 and ε2 represent the upper limit values of target TACF and FATC respectively; A(x)≤0 represents all inequality constraints in the model (such as equipment installed capacity constraint Ce/min ≤Ce ≤Ce/max , converted to A(x)≤0 after inequality deformation); B(x)=0 represents all equality constraints in the model (such as electrical balance constraints Pde,s,h =PPV,s, h +PGE,s,h +PBA,s,h +PG,s,h -PCC,s,h ; become B(x)=0 after the equation transformation).
步骤105，使用计算机软件进行优化求解多目标优化模型，得到所述多目标优化模型的非劣解集；求解的过程中是两个目标函数均最低。Step 105, use computer software to optimize and solve the multi-objective optimization model, and obtain the non-inferior solution set of the multi-objective optimization model; during the solution process, both objective functions are the lowest.
使用计算机软件进行优化求解(所述计算机软件为MATLAB或GAMS或其他求解软件)得到该多目标优化模型的非劣解集，其构成的帕累托曲线，如图4所示。Use computer software to optimize and solve (the computer software is MATLAB or GAMS or other solution software) to obtain the non-inferior solution set of this multi-objective optimization model, and the Pareto curve it constitutes, as shown in Figure 4.
步骤106，采用采用多维偏好分析线性规划法和逼近于理想解的排序法获得非劣解集中的综合最优解作为综合最优设计和调度方案。Step 106, using the multidimensional preference analysis linear programming method and the ranking method approaching the ideal solution to obtain the comprehensive optimal solution in the non-inferior solution set as the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme.
通过多维偏好分析线性规划法(LINMAP)和逼近于理想解的排序方法(TOPSIS)从非劣解集中选择综合最优解，实现该双目标优化问题的决策，并互为验证。首先，将帕累托曲线上的非劣解进行无量纲化处理。The optimal solution is selected from the set of non-inferior solutions by the linear programming method of multidimensional preference analysis (LINMAP) and the ranking method approaching the ideal solution (TOPSIS), so as to realize the decision-making of the dual-objective optimization problem and verify each other. First, the non-inferior solutions on the Pareto curve are dimensionless.
式中：νi,j为第j个目标的第i个非劣解；为非劣解的无量纲量。In the formula: νi,j is the i-th non-inferior solution of the j-th target; is a non-inferior dimensionless quantity.
然后，采用LINMAP和TOPSIS两种决策方法选出双目标优化问题的综合最优解。以下将会对LINMAP法和TOPSIS法进行具体介绍。Then, two decision-making methods, LINMAP and TOPSIS, are used to select the comprehensive optimal solution of the dual-objective optimization problem. The following will introduce the LINMAP method and the TOPSIS method in detail.
1)LINMAP法1) LINMAP method
首先对优化问题的各个非劣解进行比较分析，以获得理想解的位置，然后计算各个非劣解与理想解之间的欧几里德距离最小的非劣解，即双目标优化问题的综合最优解。First, compare and analyze each non-inferior solution of the optimization problem to obtain the position of the ideal solution, and then calculate the Euclidean distance between each non-inferior solution and the ideal solution The smallest non-inferior solution, that is, the comprehensive optimal solution of the bi-objective optimization problem.
式中：i表示非劣解的编号；j表示目标的编号；表示理想解的位置。In the formula: i represents the number of the non-inferior solution; j represents the number of the target; represents the location of the ideal solution.
2)TOPSIS法2) TOPSIS method
式中：表示负理想解的位置；表示非劣解和负理想解之间的欧几里德距离。In the formula: Indicates the location of the negative ideal solution; Indicates the Euclidean distance between a non-inferior solution and a negative ideal solution.
式中：Rai表示非劣解和理想解的相对接近度，Rai值最大的非劣解，即双目标优化问题的综合最优解。In the formula: Rai represents the relative proximity between the non-inferior solution and the ideal solution, and the non-inferior solution with the largest Rai value is the comprehensive optimal solution of the dual-objective optimization problem.
步骤107，利用所述综合最优设计和调度方案进行分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度。Step 107, using the integrated optimal design and scheduling scheme to optimize the design and scheduling of the distributed integrated energy system.
步骤107之后还包括：选取数据中心的综合性能关键指标对综合最优设计和调度方案进行评价；选取的综合性能关键指标包括：After step 107, it also includes: selecting comprehensive performance key indicators of the data center to evaluate the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme; the selected comprehensive performance key indicators include:
供电子系统的可用度：Availability of the power supply subsystem:
AP＝[1-(1-AG)(1-ABA)][1-(1-ASP)2] (27)；AP ＝[1-(1-AG )(1-ABA )][1-(1-ASP )2 ] (27);
式中：AG为输入电源部分的可用度；ABA为UPS电池的可用度；ASP为单母线供电的可用度。In the formula: AG is the availability of the input power supply; ABA is the availability of the UPS battery; ASP is the availability of the single bus power supply.
供冷子系统的可用度：Availability of the cooling subsystem:
AC＝ACUAAC (28)AC = ACU AAC (28)
式中：ACU为制冷部分的可用度；AAC空调部分的可用度。In the formula: ACU is the availability of the cooling part; AAC is the availability of the air conditioning part.
数据中心的电源使用效率：Data Center Power Usage Efficiency:
式中：Pg为系统总购电量；PPV为光伏全年发电量；μ为能源转换系数。In the formula: Pg is the total power purchase of the system; PPPV is the annual photovoltaic power generation; μ is the energy conversion coefficient.
如图5所示，本发明还提供一种分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度系统，所述优化设计和调度系统包括：As shown in Figure 5, the present invention also provides an optimal design and scheduling system for a distributed integrated energy system, the optimal design and scheduling system includes:
数学模型构建模块501，用于构建分布式综合能源系统的各个设备的数学模型；分布式综合能源系统包括光伏发电系统、燃气内燃机、储能电池、储冷单元、吸收式制冷机组、离心式制冷机和燃气锅炉中的一种或多种.The mathematical model construction module 501 is used to construct the mathematical model of each device of the distributed integrated energy system; the distributed integrated energy system includes a photovoltaic power generation system, a gas internal combustion engine, an energy storage battery, a cold storage unit, an absorption refrigeration unit, and a centrifugal refrigeration unit. One or more of machine and gas boiler.
目标函数构建模块502，用于根据所述数学模型，构建分布式综合能源系统的年总费用目标函数和年碳排放量目标函数。The objective function construction module 502 is used to construct the annual total cost objective function and the annual carbon emission objective function of the distributed integrated energy system according to the mathematical model.
所述目标函数构建模块，具体包括：年总费用目标函数建立子模块，用于根据所述数学模型，建立分布式综合能源系统的年总费用目标函数FATC：FATC＝Finv+Fgas+Fm+Fg。年碳排放量目标函数建立子模块，用于根据所述数学模型，建立分布式综合能源系统的年碳排放量目标函数TACF；The objective function building module specifically includes: a sub-module for establishing an annual total cost objective function, which is used to establish an annual total cost target function FATC of the distributed integrated energy system according to the mathematical model: FATC =Finv +Fgas +Fm +Fg . The annual carbon emission target function establishment sub-module is used to establish the annual carbon emission target function TACF of the distributed integrated energy system according to the mathematical model;
约束条件建立模块503，用于根据能量平衡原理和分布式综合能源系统的工程实际确定约束条件。Constraint condition establishment module 503, used for determining constraint conditions according to energy balance principle and engineering practice of distributed integrated energy system.
所述约束条件建立模块，具体包括：The constraint condition building module specifically includes:
电负荷平衡约束建立子模块，用于确定电负荷平衡约束：Pde,s,h＝PPV,s,h+PGE,s,h+PBA,s,h+PG,s,h-PCC,s,h；The electric load balance constraint establishment sub-module is used to determine the electric load balance constraint: Pde,s,h =PPV,s,h +PGE,s,h +PBA,s,h +PG,s,h -PCC,s,h ;
冷负荷平衡约束建立子模块，用于确定冷负荷平衡约束：Qde,s,h＝QAC,s,h+ηCCPCC,s,h+QST,s,h；The cooling load balance constraint establishes a submodule, which is used to determine the cooling load balance constraint: Qde, s, h = QAC, s, h + ηCC PCC, s, h + QST, s, h ;
热负荷平衡约束建立子模块，用于确定热负荷平衡约束：The heat load balance constraint builds submodules for determining the heat load balance constraint:
燃气内燃机运行约束建立子模块，用于确定燃气内燃机运行约束；The sub-module for establishing the operating constraints of the gas internal combustion engine is used to determine the operating constraints of the gas internal combustion engine;
储电约束建立子模块，用于确定储电约束：The electricity storage constraint establishment sub-module is used to determine the electricity storage constraint:
储冷约束建立子模块，用于确定储冷约束：The cold storage constraint establishes a sub-module for determining the cold storage constraint:
设备装机容量约束建立子模块，用于确定设备装机容量约束：Ce/min≤Ce≤Ce/maxThe equipment installed capacity constraint establishment sub-module is used to determine the equipment installed capacity constraint: Ce/min ≤ Ce ≤ Ce/max
设备负荷率约束建立子模块，用于确定设备负荷率约束：Re/min≤Re,s,h≤Re/maxThe equipment load rate constraint establishment sub-module is used to determine the equipment load rate constraint: Re/min ≤ Re,s,h ≤ Re/max
多目标优化模型建立模块504，用于根据所述年总费用目标函数、所述年碳排放量目标函数和所述约束条件，建立多目标优化模型；A multi-objective optimization model establishment module 504, configured to establish a multi-objective optimization model according to the target function of the annual total cost, the target function of the annual carbon emissions and the constraints;
多目标优化模型求解模块505，用于使用计算机软件进行优化求解多目标优化模型，得到所述多目标优化模型的非劣解集；The multi-objective optimization model solving module 505 is used to use computer software to optimize and solve the multi-objective optimization model, and obtain the non-inferior solution set of the multi-objective optimization model;
综合最优解选取模块506，用于采用多维偏好分析线性规划法和逼近于理想解的排序法获得非劣解集中的综合最优解作为综合最优设计和调度方案；The comprehensive optimal solution selection module 506 is used to obtain the comprehensive optimal solution in the non-inferior solution set as the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme by adopting the multidimensional preference analysis linear programming method and the sorting method approaching the ideal solution;
优化设计和调度模块507，用于利用所述综合最优设计和调度方案进行分布式综合能源系统的优化设计和调度。The optimal design and scheduling module 507 is used to use the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme to optimize the design and scheduling of the distributed integrated energy system.
本发明的设计和调度系统还包括：评价模块，用于选取数据中心的综合性能关键指标对综合最优设计和调度方案进行评价；选取的综合性能关键指标包括：供电子系统的可用度：AP＝[1-(1-AG)(1-ABA)][1-(1-ASP)2]；式中：AG为输入电源部分的可用度；ABA为UPS电池的可用度；ASP为单母线供电的可用度；供冷子系统的可用度：AC＝ACUAAC；式中：ACU为制冷部分的可用度；AAC空调部分的可用度；数据中心的电源使用效率：式中：Pg为系统总购电量；PPV为光伏全年发电量；μ为能源转换系数，Egas为分布式综合能源系统全年天然气使用量,Pde分布式综合能源系统的电负荷。The design and scheduling system of the present invention also includes: an evaluation module, which is used to select the comprehensive performance key indicators of the data center to evaluate the comprehensive optimal design and scheduling scheme; the selected comprehensive performance key indicators include: the availability of the power supply system: AP ＝[1-(1-AG )(1-ABA )][1-(1-ASP )2 ]; where: AG is the availability of the input power supply; ABA is the availability of the UPS battery ASP is the availability of single-bus power supply; the availability of the cooling subsystem: AC = ACU AAC ; where: ACU is the availability of the cooling part; AAC is the availability of the air-conditioning part; the data center Power usage efficiency of: In the formula: Pg is the total power purchase of the system; PPV is the annual photovoltaic power generation; μ is the energy conversion coefficient, Egas is the annual natural gas consumption of the distributed integrated energy system, and Pde is the electrical load of the distributed integrated energy system .
为了简化求解过程，所述优化设计和调度方法还包括：模型转化模块，用于采用ε约束法将所述多目标优化模型转化成单目标优化模型。In order to simplify the solution process, the optimization design and scheduling method further includes: a model conversion module, which is used to convert the multi-objective optimization model into a single-objective optimization model by using the ε constraint method.
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
以杭州某A级数据中心为例，该A级数据中心的建筑面积2100平方米，主要包括数据机房和办公区域。A级数据中心总共布置交/直流通信设备机柜240个。利用建筑能耗模拟软件对该A级数据中心的能源消耗进行模拟，得到了全年的能源负荷数据。结合数据中心运营商提供的实际运行数据，对所有负荷数据进行聚类分析，得到了A级数据中心3个典型日(夏季、冬季和过渡季)的电能、冷能、热能需求。通过软件模拟仿真获得了光伏发电全年出力数据，然后经过对全年发电进行数据处理，得到了杭州3个典型日的10kW光伏出力。Taking a class A data center in Hangzhou as an example, the construction area of the class A data center is 2,100 square meters, mainly including data room and office area. A total of 240 AC/DC communication equipment cabinets are arranged in the A-level data center. Using building energy simulation software to simulate the energy consumption of the Class A data center, the annual energy load data is obtained. Combined with the actual operating data provided by the data center operator, cluster analysis is performed on all load data, and the power, cooling, and heating requirements of the Class A data center in three typical days (summer, winter, and transition season) are obtained. Through software simulation, the annual output data of photovoltaic power generation is obtained, and then after data processing of the annual power generation, the 10kW photovoltaic output of 3 typical days in Hangzhou is obtained.
本项目设计生命周期为10年，利率为6％。天然气价格为0.34元/kWh，杭州工商业分时电价：尖峰时段为1.2696元/(kW·h)(19：00-21：00)，高峰时段为0.9716元/(kW·h)(8：00-11：00、13：00-19：00、21：00-22：00)，低谷时段为0.4596元/(kW·h)(11：00-13：00、22：00-次日8：00)。天然气和电网的二氧化碳排放因子分别为180.0g/kWh和682.6g/kWh。A级数据中心分布式综合能源系统主要设备的经济参数如表1所示。The design life cycle of this project is 10 years, and the interest rate is 6%. The price of natural gas is 0.34 yuan/kWh, and the time-of-use electricity price for industrial and commercial industries in Hangzhou: 1.2696 yuan/(kW h) (19:00-21:00) during peak hours and 0.9716 yuan/(kW h) (8:00 -11:00, 13:00-19:00, 21:00-22:00), the low period is 0.4596 yuan/(kW h) (11:00-13:00, 22:00-8:00 the next day) 00). The carbon dioxide emission factors for natural gas and grid are 180.0g/kWh and 682.6g/kWh, respectively. The economic parameters of the main equipment of the distributed integrated energy system of the A-level data center are shown in Table 1.
表1 DIES主要设备的经济性参数Table 1 Economic parameters of main equipment of DIES
A级数据中心DIES主要设备的可用度，如表2所示：The availability of the main equipment of DIES in the A-level data center is shown in Table 2:
表2 A级数据中心DIES主要设备的可用度Table 2 Availability of main equipment of DIES in Class A data center
A级数据中心DIES主要设备的技术参数表3所示：The technical parameters of the main equipment of DIES in the A-level data center are shown in Table 3:
表3 A级数据中心DIES主要设备的技术参数Table 3 Technical parameters of main equipment of DIES in Class A data center
本发明提出的数据中心的分布式综合能源系统，达到了TIA-942-A-2014标准对容错级数据中心的可用度为0.99995的要求。与传统供暖系统相比，分布式综合能源系统的年总费用可降低12.8％，减排二氧化碳47.8％，表明C燃气内燃机S具有较大的节能潜力和环保优势。同时，数据中心的PUE由二级(1.6＜PUE≤1.8)提升为一级(1＜PUE≤1.6)。本专利所提针对A级数据中心的分布式综合能源系统设计和调度联合优化决策方法，具有重要的现实意义。首先，优化供能设备的装机容量，降低初始投资费用。在保证总体能源需求的前提下，将各项关键设备的装机容量进行合理地配置，充分发挥设备的性能，从而达到控制初始投资费用的目的。其次，合理地安排设备运行和出力计划，提高机组能源综合利用效率，降低系统整个生命周期的运营成本。最后，分布式综合能源系统将促进风、光、电、冷、热、气、储等各种能源的综合互补与高效利用，提高系统的供能可用度，实现经济效益和环境效益的整体最优。The distributed comprehensive energy system of the data center proposed by the present invention meets the requirement of the TIA-942-A-2014 standard that the availability of the fault-tolerant data center is 0.99995. Compared with the traditional heating system, the total annual cost of the distributed integrated energy system can be reduced by 12.8%, and the carbon dioxide emission can be reduced by 47.8%, which shows that the C gas internal combustion engine S has great energy-saving potential and environmental protection advantages. At the same time, the PUE of the data center has been upgraded from level two (1.6<PUE≤1.8) to level one (1<PUE≤1.6). This patent proposes a joint optimization decision-making method for distributed integrated energy system design and scheduling for A-level data centers, which has important practical significance. First, optimize the installed capacity of energy supply equipment and reduce initial investment costs. On the premise of ensuring the overall energy demand, the installed capacity of each key equipment is reasonably allocated to give full play to the performance of the equipment, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the initial investment cost. Secondly, rationally arrange equipment operation and output planning, improve the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the unit, and reduce the operating cost of the entire life cycle of the system. Finally, the distributed integrated energy system will promote the comprehensive complementarity and efficient utilization of various energy sources such as wind, light, electricity, cold, heat, gas, and storage, improve the availability of energy supply in the system, and achieve the overall maximum economic and environmental benefits. excellent.
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的系统而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other. As for the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for the related information, please refer to the description of the method part.
本文中应用了具体个例对发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. The described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention. , not all of the embodiments, based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work, all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201910639418.XACN110363353A (en) | 2019-07-16 | 2019-07-16 | A distributed integrated energy system optimization design and scheduling method and system |
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| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20191022 | |
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |