CN110346240B - Floating swimming plant density measuring device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种浮游动植物密度测量装置及方法，旨在解决浮游动植物密度测量操作不便，劳动强度大，测量准确度低的不足。该发明包括定量筒、收集筒，定量筒下端安装单向排液阀，定量筒内安装推动活塞，推动活塞上设有若干进液孔，进液孔上安装单向进液阀片，收集筒可转动安装在定量筒下端，收集筒底面铺设有滤水布，收集筒内均布设置若干隔板，隔板将收集筒内分隔成若干个收集盒，收集筒外壁上连接拨动杆，定量筒上方安装定位盖，推动活塞上连接活塞杆，活塞杆贯穿定位盖；活塞杆上设有齿条，定量筒和定位盖之间安装驱动锥齿轮、从动锥齿轮，驱动锥齿轮上设有啮合齿轮，啮合齿轮与齿条啮合适配，从动锥齿轮上安装叶轮。

The invention discloses a phytoplankton density measuring device and method, aiming at solving the problems of inconvenient operation, high labor intensity and low measuring accuracy for phytoplankton density measurement. The invention comprises a quantitative cylinder and a collection cylinder, a one-way liquid discharge valve is installed at the lower end of the quantitative cylinder, a push piston is installed in the quantitative cylinder, a plurality of liquid inlet holes are arranged on the push piston, a one-way liquid inlet valve sheet is installed on the liquid inlet holes, and the collection cylinder It can be rotatably installed at the lower end of the quantitative cylinder. The bottom surface of the collecting cylinder is covered with a water filter cloth. Several partitions are evenly distributed in the collecting cylinder. The partitions divide the collecting cylinder into several collecting boxes. The positioning cover is installed on the top of the cylinder, and the piston rod is connected to the piston, and the piston rod penetrates the positioning cover; the piston rod is provided with a rack, and the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are installed between the quantitative cylinder and the positioning cover, and the driving bevel gear is provided with The meshing gear is meshed and matched with the rack, and the impeller is installed on the driven bevel gear.

Description

Floating swimming plant density measuring device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a metering device, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the density of phytoplankton.

Background

At present, the common method for measuring the density of the marine phytoplankton is to manually drag a collecting net to collect the phytoplankton in the collecting net, and a paper pen is used for recording the numerical value on a flowmeter once every dragging, so that the operation is inconvenient, the accuracy is low, and the dragging net is heavy, the operation is laborious and the labor intensity is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention overcomes the defects of inconvenient operation, high labor intensity and low measurement accuracy of the density measurement of the phytoplankton, and provides the device and the method for measuring the density of the phytoplankton.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a device for measuring the density of phytoplankton comprises a quantifying cylinder and a collecting cylinder, wherein a one-way liquid discharge valve is arranged at the lower end of the quantifying cylinder, a pushing piston is arranged in the quantifying cylinder, a plurality of liquid inlet holes are formed in the pushing piston, a one-way liquid inlet valve block is arranged on each liquid inlet hole, a plurality of limiting studs are hermetically connected to the side wall of the quantifying cylinder from top to bottom, the end parts of the limiting studs can extend into the quantifying cylinder and are used for limiting the pushing piston, the collecting cylinder can be rotatably arranged at the lower end of the quantifying cylinder, a plurality of water through holes are formed in the bottom surface of the collecting cylinder, water filtering cloth is laid on the bottom surface of the collecting cylinder, a plurality of partition plates are uniformly arranged in the collecting cylinder, the partition plates divide the collecting cylinder into a plurality of collecting boxes, any collecting box can be arranged below the one-way liquid discharge valve by rotating the collecting cylinder, a poking rod is connected to the outer wall of the collecting cylinder, a positioning cover is arranged above the limiting cover, a piston rod is connected to the pushing piston rod, the positioning cover penetrates through the positioning cover, a plurality of positioning grooves are arranged on the outer wall of the positioning cover and correspond to the partition plates one-to one, the poke rod is provided with a buffer column which can be abutted against the positioning groove; a rack is arranged on the piston rod, a driving bevel gear and a driven bevel gear are arranged between the quantitative cylinder and the positioning cover, the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are in meshing transmission, a meshing gear is arranged on the driving bevel gear, the meshing gear is in meshing fit with the rack, an impeller is arranged on the driven bevel gear, and the piston rod moves upwards to drive the impeller to rotate so as to drive water to flow towards the quantitative cylinder; the piston rod moves downwards to drive the impeller to rotate so as to drive water to flow towards the direction of the positioning cover.

When the density measuring device for phytoplankton is adopted to measure the density of the phytoplankton in water, the method comprises the following steps: a. pushing the pushing piston downwards to the bottom of the quantifying cylinder, selecting a limit stud at a proper position according to the volume of the quantifying cylinder required to be used, and screwing the limit stud inwards to enable the limit stud to limit the pushing piston; b. placing the quantifying cylinder in water needing to measure the density of the phytoplankton, so that the quantifying cylinder is submerged by the water; c. the piston rod is pulled upwards, the piston rod drives the pushing piston to slide upwards to the position of the limiting stud which extends inwards, the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is opened in the process of pushing the piston to slide upwards, water flows into the quantifying cylinder through the liquid inlet hole and the one-way liquid inlet valve plate to be pushed below the piston, and the piston rod moves upwards to drive the impeller to rotate so as to drive the water to flow towards the quantifying cylinder, so that the opening of the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is facilitated, and the water flows can conveniently enter the quantifying cylinder; d. the piston rod is pressed downwards to push the piston to slide downwards, at the moment, the one-way liquid inlet valve plate closes the liquid inlet hole, the one-way liquid outlet valve is opened, water flows into the collecting box through the one-way liquid outlet valve, after being filtered by the water filtering cloth, phytoplankton is remained on the water filtering cloth, the piston rod moves downwards to drive the impeller to rotate reversely so as to drive the water to flow towards the positioning cover, the water flow above the piston pushed in the quantifying cylinder is sucked, the covering force of the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is increased, and the one-way liquid inlet valve plate cover is more compact; e. after the piston is pushed to reach the bottom of the quantitative cylinder, the collecting cylinder is driven to rotate through the poke rod, the buffer column slides into another adjacent positioning groove, and another adjacent collecting box rotates below the one-way drain valve; f. repeating the steps c, d and e until all the collection boxes finish the collection of the floating swimming plants; g. the whole device for measuring the density of phytoplankton is taken out of water, the number or weight N of the phytoplankton collected in each collection box is calculated, and the volume N of the quantitative cylinder is used to calculate the amount of phytoplankton in unit volume as N/N.

Adopt a ration section of thick bamboo can make the water of getting at every turn more accurate, be favorable to improving the precision, the collection box is separated into to a plurality of to the collection section of thick bamboo, makes phytoplankton density measuring device can accomplish many times after once launching and measure, can launch once and measure different waters position, and it is more convenient to operate. And after all the collecting boxes are sampled and collected, the phytoplankton density measuring device discharges water, and the phytoplankton is quantitatively measured, so that the quantity of the phytoplankton in unit volume is calculated. The piston rod moves upwards to drive the impeller to rotate so as to drive water to flow towards the direction of the quantifying cylinder, so that the opening of the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is facilitated, and the water can conveniently enter the quantifying cylinder; the piston rod moves downwards to drive the impeller to rotate so as to drive water to flow towards the direction of the positioning cover, the water flow above the piston pushed in the quantifying cylinder is sucked, the covering force of the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is increased, and the one-way liquid inlet valve plate cover is more compact. The device for measuring the density of the phytoplankton is convenient to collect, measure and operate the phytoplankton, reduces the labor intensity, greatly improves the measurement accuracy and simultaneously improves the working efficiency.

Preferably, the one-way liquid discharge valve comprises a valve seat, a valve ball, an abutting spring and a spring seat, wherein a valve hole is formed in the valve seat, a truncated cone-shaped sealing surface is formed in the inner wall of the valve hole, the abutting spring is installed between the spring seat and the valve ball, and the valve ball abuts against the sealing surface in a sealing mode. The one-way liquid discharge valve with the structure has good sealing performance and long service life.

Preferably, the lower end of the quantifying cylinder is provided with a positioning column, the middle of the collecting cylinder is provided with a rotating sleeve, the rotating sleeve is movably sleeved on the positioning column, the lower end of the positioning column is connected with a supporting plate, and the lower end of the collecting cylinder is supported on the supporting plate. The positioning column and the rotating sleeve are arranged to facilitate stable rotation of the collecting cylinder, and the lower end of the rotating sleeve is supported on the supporting plate to improve the stability of the whole collecting cylinder.

Preferably, the lower end face of the supporting plate is provided with a mounting groove, an air bag is mounted in the mounting groove, the air bag is communicated with an inflation tube, and the inflation tube extends to the position above the positioning cover. Before the whole phytoplankton density measuring device is lifted upwards, the air bag is inflated through the inflation tube, so that the air bag is expanded, the buoyancy is greatly increased, and the lifting of the phytoplankton density measuring device is more labor-saving.

Preferably, the inner cover ring is sleeved on the rotary sleeve on the bottom surface of the collecting cylinder, the outer cover ring is arranged on the position, close to the inner wall, of the bottom surface of the collecting cylinder, the water filtering cloth is annular, the outer edge of the water filtering cloth is tightly arranged between the bottom surface of the collecting cylinder and the outer cover ring, and the inner edge of the water filtering cloth is arranged between the bottom surface of the collecting cylinder and the inner cover ring. The water filtering cloth is stable and reliable to install and has good water filtering effect.

Preferably, the outer cover ring and the inner cover ring are respectively provided with a plurality of slots corresponding to the partition plates one by one, the outer ends of the partition plates are inserted into the slots on the outer cover ring, and the inner ends of the partition plates are inserted into the slots on the inner cover ring. The two ends of the partition plate are respectively arranged in the slots on the outer cover ring and the inner cover ring, so that the installation is reliable, and the disassembly and the assembly are convenient.

Preferably, a support is connected between the quantifying cylinder and the positioning cover, the lower end of the support is connected with a fastening ring, the fastening ring is tightly connected to the upper end of the quantifying cylinder, and the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are both arranged on the support. The support is convenient for the installation of locating cover, drive bevel gear, driven bevel gear.

A measuring method by using a phytoplankton density measuring device comprises the following steps: a. pushing the pushing piston downwards to the bottom of the quantifying cylinder, selecting a limit stud at a proper position according to the volume of the quantifying cylinder required to be used, and screwing the limit stud inwards to enable the limit stud to limit the pushing piston; b. placing the quantifying cylinder in water needing to measure the density of the phytoplankton, so that the quantifying cylinder is submerged by the water; c. the piston rod is pulled upwards, the piston rod drives the pushing piston to slide upwards to the position of the limiting stud which extends inwards, the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is opened in the process of pushing the piston to slide upwards, water flows into the quantifying cylinder through the liquid inlet hole and the one-way liquid inlet valve plate to be pushed below the piston, and the piston rod moves upwards to drive the impeller to rotate so as to drive the water to flow towards the quantifying cylinder, so that the opening of the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is facilitated, and the water flows can conveniently enter the quantifying cylinder; d. the piston rod is pressed downwards to push the piston to slide downwards, at the moment, the one-way liquid inlet valve plate closes the liquid inlet hole, the one-way liquid outlet valve is opened, water flows into the collecting box through the one-way liquid outlet valve, after being filtered by the water filtering cloth, phytoplankton is remained on the water filtering cloth, the piston rod moves downwards to drive the impeller to rotate reversely so as to drive the water to flow towards the positioning cover, the water flow above the piston pushed in the quantifying cylinder is sucked, the covering force of the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is increased, and the one-way liquid inlet valve plate cover is more compact; e. after the piston is pushed to reach the bottom of the quantitative cylinder, the collecting cylinder is driven to rotate through the poke rod, the buffer column slides into another adjacent positioning groove, and another adjacent collecting box rotates below the one-way drain valve; f. repeating the steps c, d and e until all the collection boxes finish the collection of the floating swimming plants; g. the whole device for measuring the density of phytoplankton is taken out of water, the number or weight N of the phytoplankton collected in each collection box is calculated, and the volume N of the quantitative cylinder is used to calculate the amount of phytoplankton in unit volume as N/N.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the density measurement of the phytoplankton is convenient to operate, the labor intensity is reduced, and the measurement accuracy is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the collection cartridge of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. the device comprises a dosing cylinder, a 2 collecting cylinder, a 3 one-way liquid discharge valve, a 4 pushing piston, a 5 liquid inlet hole, a 6 one-way liquid inlet valve plate, a 7 limiting stud, 8 a water through hole, a 9 water filtering cloth, a 10 partition plate, 11 a collecting box, 12 a poking rod, 13 a positioning cover, 14 a positioning groove, 15 a buffering column, 16 a rack, 17 a driving bevel gear, 18 a driven bevel gear, 19 a meshing gear, 20, an impeller, 21 a valve seat, 22 a valve ball, 23 a butting spring, 24 a spring seat, 25, a piston rod, 26 a sealing surface, 27 a positioning column, 28 a rotating sleeve, 29 a supporting disk, 30, a mounting groove, 31, an air bag, 32 an air charging pipe, 33, a high-pressure air storage tank, 34 an inner cover ring, 35 an outer cover ring, 36, a slot, 37 a buffering cylinder, 38 an end cover, 39, a positioning ring, 40 a support, 41 and a fastening ring.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by the following specific embodiments in combination with the attached drawings:

example (b): the utility model provides a phytoplankton density measuring device (see attached figure 1, attached figure 2), includes a quantification section ofthick bamboo 1, a collection section ofthick bamboo 2, and one-way flowingback valve 3 is installed to quantification section of thick bamboo lower extreme, and one-way flowing back valve includesdisk seat 21,valve ball 22,butt spring 23,spring holder 24, is equipped with the valve opening on the disk seat, is equipped with the sealedface 26 of round platform shape on the valve opening inner wall, and the butt spring mounting is between spring holder and valve ball, and the sealed butt of valve ball is on sealed face. The installation promotespiston 4 in the quantifying cylinder, be equipped with a plurality offeed liquor holes 5 on the promotion piston, one-way feed liquor valve block 6 of installation on the feed liquor hole, from last down a plurality of spacing double-screw bolts 7 of sealing connection on the quantifying cylinder lateral wall, spacing double-screw bolt tip can stretch into and be used for spacing to promoting the piston in the quantifying cylinder, the collecting cylinder is rotatable to be installed at quantifying cylinder lower extreme, collecting cylinder upper portion inner wall activity suit is on quantifying cylinder lower part outer wall, quantifying cylinder lower extreme is equipped withreference column 27, be equipped withswivel cover 28 in the middle of the collecting cylinder, swivel cover activity suit is on the reference column, reference column lower extremejoint support dish 29, the collecting cylinder lower extreme supports on the supporting disk. The lower end face of the supporting plate is provided with amounting groove 30, anair bag 31 is mounted in the mounting groove and is communicated with aninflation tube 32, the inflation tube extends to the position above the positioning cover, and an inflation valve and an air release valve are mounted on the position, close to the upper end, of the inflation tube. The inflation tube is communicated with a high-pressureair storage tank 33 which is arranged on the ship.

The surge drum bottom surface is equipped with a plurality oflimbers 8,water cloth 9 has been laid to the surge drum bottom surface, the equipartition sets up a plurality ofbaffles 10 in the surge drum, the baffle separates into a plurality of collection box 11 in with the surge drum, it can arrange one-way flowing back valve below in to rotate the surge drum messenger collection box homoenergetic wantonly, connectpoker rod 12 on the surge drum outer wall, spacing lid topinstallation location lid 13, connectpiston rod 25 on the promotion piston, the piston rod runs through the location lid, the location lid is fixed a position the piston rod, the piston rod upper end is T shape structure, be equipped with a plurality ofpositioning groove 14 with the baffle one-to-one on the location lid outer wall,installation buffering post 15 on the poker rod, but buffering post butt is in positioning groove. The cover is equipped withinner cup ring 34 on the collecting vessel bottom surface commentaries on classics cover, and the collecting vessel bottom surface is close to inner wall position installationouter cup ring 35, and drainage cloth is the annular, and drainage cloth outward flange closely installs between collecting vessel bottom surface and outer cup ring, and drainage cloth inward flange is installed between collecting vessel bottom surface and inner cup ring. The outer cover ring and the inner cover ring are respectively provided with a plurality ofslots 36 corresponding to the partition plates one by one, the outer ends of the partition plates are inserted in the slots on the outer cover ring, and the inner ends of the partition plates are inserted in the slots on the inner cover ring. Abuffer cylinder 37 is installed on the poke rod, one end of the buffer cylinder is connected with anend cover 38, the other end of the buffer cylinder is provided with a positioning flange, a buffer spring is installed in the buffer cylinder, one end of a buffer column is provided with a positioning head, the other end of the buffer column is of a hemispherical structure, and the positioning head is installed in the buffer cylinder in an adaptive mode and is abutted between the abutting spring and the positioning flange. Thepositioning ring 39 is connected to the outer side of the positioning cover, and the poke rod is arranged in the positioning ring and attached to the inner wall of the positioning ring.

Arack 16 is arranged on the piston rod, adriving bevel gear 17 and a drivenbevel gear 18 are arranged between the dosing cylinder and the positioning cover, the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are in meshing transmission, ameshing gear 19 is arranged on the driving bevel gear, the meshing gear is in meshing fit with the rack, animpeller 20 is arranged on the driven bevel gear, and the piston rod moves upwards to drive the impeller to rotate so as to drive water to flow towards the dosing cylinder; the piston rod moves downwards to drive the impeller to rotate so as to drive water to flow towards the direction of the positioning cover. Asupport 40 is connected between the quantifying cylinder and the positioning cover, the lower end of the support is connected with a fastening ring 41, the fastening ring is tightly connected to the upper end of the quantifying cylinder, and the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are both installed on the support. The support is provided with a mounting seat, the mounting seat is provided with a mounting hole, and the driven bevel gear is in adaptive connection with the mounting hole.

A measuring method by using a phytoplankton density measuring device comprises the following steps: a. pushing the pushing piston downwards to the bottom of the quantifying cylinder, selecting a limit stud at a proper position according to the volume of the quantifying cylinder required to be used, and screwing the limit stud inwards to enable the limit stud to limit the pushing piston; b. placing the quantifying cylinder in water needing to measure the density of the phytoplankton, so that the quantifying cylinder is submerged by the water; c. the piston rod is pulled upwards, the piston rod drives the pushing piston to slide upwards to the position of the limiting stud which extends inwards, the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is opened in the process of pushing the piston to slide upwards, water flows into the quantifying cylinder through the liquid inlet hole and the one-way liquid inlet valve plate to be pushed below the piston, and the piston rod moves upwards to drive the impeller to rotate so as to drive the water to flow towards the quantifying cylinder, so that the opening of the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is facilitated, and the water flows can conveniently enter the quantifying cylinder; d. the piston rod is pressed downwards to push the piston to slide downwards, at the moment, the one-way liquid inlet valve plate closes the liquid inlet hole, the one-way liquid outlet valve is opened, water flows into the collecting box through the one-way liquid outlet valve, after being filtered by the water filtering cloth, phytoplankton is remained on the water filtering cloth, the piston rod moves downwards to drive the impeller to rotate reversely so as to drive the water to flow towards the positioning cover, the water flow above the piston pushed in the quantifying cylinder is sucked, the covering force of the one-way liquid inlet valve plate is increased, and the one-way liquid inlet valve plate cover is more compact; e. after the piston is pushed to reach the bottom of the quantitative cylinder, the collecting cylinder is driven to rotate through the poke rod, the buffer column slides into another adjacent positioning groove, and another adjacent collecting box rotates below the one-way drain valve; f. repeating the steps c, d and e until all the collection boxes finish the collection of the floating swimming plants; g. the whole device for measuring the density of phytoplankton is taken out of water, the number or weight N of the phytoplankton collected in each collection box is calculated, and the volume N of the quantitative cylinder is used to calculate the amount of phytoplankton in unit volume as N/N. Can calculate the average value through a plurality of collection boxes, also can calculate the distribution condition of phytoplankton in different positions through the collection of collecting the box in different positions, it is nimble convenient.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which is not intended to be limiting in any way, and other variations and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种浮游动植物密度测量装置，其特征是，包括定量筒、收集筒，定量筒下端安装单向排液阀，定量筒内安装推动活塞，推动活塞上设有若干进液孔，进液孔上安装单向进液阀片，定量筒侧壁上从上往下密封连接若干限位螺柱，限位螺柱端部可伸入定量筒内用于对推动活塞的限位，收集筒可转动安装在定量筒下端，收集筒底面设有若干通水孔，收集筒底面铺设有滤水布，收集筒内均布设置若干隔板，隔板将收集筒内分隔成若干个收集盒，转动收集筒使任意收集盒均能置于单向排液阀下方，收集筒外壁上连接拨动杆，限位盖上方安装定位盖，推动活塞上连接活塞杆，活塞杆贯穿定位盖，定位盖外壁上和隔板一一对应设有若干个定位凹槽，拨动杆上安装缓冲柱，缓冲柱可抵接在定位凹槽中；活塞杆上设有齿条，定量筒和定位盖之间安装驱动锥齿轮、从动锥齿轮，驱动锥齿轮和从动锥齿轮啮合传动，驱动锥齿轮上设有啮合齿轮，啮合齿轮与齿条啮合适配，从动锥齿轮上安装叶轮，活塞杆向上移动带动叶轮转动从而带动水流向定量筒方向流动；活塞杆向下移动带动叶轮转动从而带动水流向定位盖方向流动；定量筒下端设有定位柱，收集筒中间设有转套，转套活动套装在定位柱上，定位柱下端连接支撑盘，收集筒下端支撑在支撑盘上。1. a phytoplankton density measuring device, it is characterized in that, comprise quantitative cylinder, collecting cylinder, quantitative cylinder lower end installs one-way drain valve, installs push piston in quantitative cylinder, is provided with some liquid inlet holes on the push piston, enters A one-way inlet valve plate is installed on the liquid hole, and several limit studs are sealed and connected from top to bottom on the side wall of the dosing cylinder. The cylinder can be rotatably installed at the lower end of the quantitative cylinder. The bottom surface of the collecting cylinder is provided with a number of water holes. The bottom surface of the collecting cylinder is covered with a water filter cloth. A number of baffles are evenly distributed in the collecting cylinder, and the baffles divide the collecting cylinder into several collecting boxes. , Rotate the collection cylinder so that any collection box can be placed under the one-way drain valve, connect the toggle rod on the outer wall of the collection cylinder, install the positioning cover above the limit cover, push the piston to connect the piston rod, the piston rod penetrates the positioning cover, positioning There are several positioning grooves on the outer wall of the cover and the partition plate one-to-one. A buffer column is installed on the toggle rod, and the buffer column can abut in the positioning groove. The driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are installed between them. The driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are meshed for transmission. The driving bevel gear is provided with a meshing gear, and the meshing gear is meshed with the rack. The driven bevel gear is installed with an impeller and a piston rod. The upward movement drives the impeller to rotate to drive the water flow to the direction of the quantitative cylinder; the downward movement of the piston rod drives the impeller to rotate to drive the water flow to the direction of the positioning cover; there is a positioning column at the lower end of the quantitative cylinder, and a rotating sleeve is arranged in the middle of the collecting cylinder, and the rotating sleeve moves The utility model is sleeved on the positioning column, the lower end of the positioning column is connected to the supporting plate, and the lower end of the collecting cylinder is supported on the supporting plate.2.根据权利要求1所述的浮游动植物密度测量装置，其特征是，单向排液阀包括阀座、阀球、抵接弹簧、弹簧座，阀座上设有阀孔，阀孔内壁上设有圆台形的密封面，抵接弹簧安装在弹簧座和阀球之间，阀球密封抵接在密封面上。2. The phytoplankton density measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the one-way drain valve comprises a valve seat, a valve ball, an abutting spring, and a spring seat, the valve seat is provided with a valve hole, and the inner wall of the valve hole is provided with a valve hole. A truncated sealing surface is arranged on the upper surface, the abutting spring is installed between the spring seat and the valve ball, and the valve ball seals against the sealing surface.3.根据权利要求1所述的浮游动植物密度测量装置，其特征是，支撑盘下端面上设有安装槽，安装槽内安装气囊，气囊连通充气管，充气管延伸到定位盖上方。3 . The phytoplankton density measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein a mounting groove is provided on the lower end surface of the support plate, an airbag is installed in the mounting groove, and the airbag communicates with an inflation tube extending above the positioning cover. 4 .4.根据权利要求1所述的浮游动植物密度测量装置，其特征是，收集筒底面转套上套装有内盖环，收集筒底面靠近内壁位置安装外盖环，滤水布呈环形，滤水布外边缘紧密安装在收集筒底面和外盖环之间，滤水布内边缘安装在收集筒底面和内盖环之间。4. The phytoplankton density measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, an inner cover ring is fitted on the bottom surface of the collecting cylinder, and an outer cover ring is installed on the bottom surface of the collecting cylinder near the inner wall, the water filter cloth is annular, and the filter cloth is annular. The outer edge of the water cloth is tightly installed between the bottom surface of the collection cylinder and the outer cover ring, and the inner edge of the water filter cloth is installed between the bottom surface of the collection cylinder and the inner cover ring.5.根据权利要求2所述的浮游动植物密度测量装置，其特征是，外盖环、内盖环上均与隔板一一对应设有若干插槽，隔板外端插装在外盖环上的插槽中，隔板内端插装在内盖环上的插槽中。5. The phytoplankton density measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the outer cover ring and the inner cover ring are provided with a number of slots in one-to-one correspondence with the clapboard, and the outer end of the clapboard is inserted into the outer cover ring The inner end of the bulkhead fits into the slot on the inner cover ring.6.根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的浮游动植物密度测量装置，其特征是，定量筒和定位盖之间连接支架，支架下端连接紧固环，紧固环紧固连接在定量筒上端，驱动锥齿轮和从动锥齿轮均安装在支架上。6. The phytoplankton density measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a bracket is connected between the quantitative cylinder and the positioning cover, and the lower end of the bracket is connected with a fastening ring, and the fastening ring is fastened and connected in the quantitative On the upper end of the cylinder, the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are both mounted on the bracket.7.一种利用权利要求1所述的浮游动植物密度测量装置的测量方法，其特征是，包括以下步骤：a、将推动活塞向下推动到定量筒的底部，根据需要用到的定量筒的容积选择合适位置的限位螺柱，并将该限位螺柱向内旋入使限位螺柱能够对推动活塞进行限位；b、将定量筒置于需要对浮游动植物密度测量的水中，使定量筒被水淹没；c、向上拉动活塞杆，活塞杆带动推动活塞向上滑动到向内伸出的限位螺柱位置，推动活塞向上滑动的过程中单向进液阀片打开，水流通过进液孔、单向进液阀片进入定量筒内推动活塞的下方，活塞杆向上移动带动叶轮转动从而带动水流向定量筒方向流动，有利于单向进液阀片的开启，便于水流进入定量筒中；d、向下压动活塞杆，推动活塞向下滑动，此时单向进液阀片将进液孔关闭，单向排液阀被打开，水流经过单向排液阀流入收集盒中，经过滤水布的过滤后，浮游动植物留在滤水布上，活塞杆向下移动带动叶轮反向转动从而带动水流向定位盖方向流动，对定量筒内推动活塞上方的水流进行抽吸，增加单向进液阀片的盖合力，使单向进液阀片盖的更加严实；e、推动活塞到达定量筒底部后，通过拨动杆带动收集筒转动，缓冲柱滑动到另一相邻的定位凹槽中，另一相邻的收集盒转动到单向排液阀下方；f、重复步骤c、d、e，直到所有收集盒都完成浮游动植物的收集；g、将整个浮游动植物密度测量装置从水中取出，计算每个收集盒内收集到的浮游动植物的数量或者重量n，使用到的定量筒的体积N，算出单位体积内的浮游动植物的量为n/N。7. a measuring method utilizing the described phytoplankton density measuring device of claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: a, push piston is pushed down to the bottom of quantitative cylinder, the quantitative cylinder used according to need Select the limit stud at the appropriate position, and screw the limit stud inward so that the limit stud can limit the push piston; b. Place the dosing cylinder in the place where the density of phytoplankton needs to be measured. water, so that the quantitative cylinder is submerged by water; c. Pull the piston rod upwards, the piston rod drives the piston to slide up to the position of the limit stud that extends inward, and the one-way inlet valve plate opens during the process of pushing the piston to slide upwards. The water flow enters the dosing cylinder through the liquid inlet hole and the one-way inlet valve plate, and pushes the lower part of the piston. The upward movement of the piston rod drives the impeller to rotate, thereby driving the water flow to the direction of the dosing cylinder, which is conducive to the opening of the one-way inlet valve plate and facilitates the water flow. Enter into the quantitative cylinder; d. Press down the piston rod, push the piston to slide down, at this time the one-way inlet valve plate will close the liquid inlet hole, the one-way discharge valve will be opened, and the water will flow into the collection through the one-way discharge valve. In the box, after being filtered by the filter cloth, the phytoplankton remain on the filter cloth, and the downward movement of the piston rod drives the impeller to rotate in the reverse direction, thereby driving the water flow to the direction of the positioning cover, and the water flow above the piston in the dosing cylinder is adjusted. Suction, increase the cover force of the one-way inlet valve sheet, and make the one-way inlet valve sheet cover more tightly; e. After pushing the piston to the bottom of the dosing cylinder, the collection cylinder is driven to rotate by the toggle rod, and the buffer column slides to the other side. In an adjacent positioning groove, another adjacent collection box is rotated to the bottom of the one-way drain valve; f. Repeat steps c, d, and e until all the collection boxes have completed the collection of phytoplankton; g. The entire phytoplankton density measurement device is taken out of the water, the number or weight n of the phytoplankton collected in each collection box is calculated, the volume of the quantitative cylinder used is N, and the amount of phytoplankton per unit volume is calculated as n /N.

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