技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光纤光学技术领域，特别是涉及一种空芯传能中红外光纤及其制备方法。The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber optics, in particular to a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared optical fiber and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
量子级联激光器(QCL)是一种新型的中远红外半导体激光器，可以提供超宽的光谱范围(3-20μm)，具有极好的波长可调谐性，且可以达到很高的输出功率，并能在室温下工作，具有较好的应用前景和较大的应用范围。因此，为有效发挥量子级联激光器优势，用于传输量子级联激光器发出的激光的光纤至关重要。Quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a new type of mid-to-far infrared semiconductor laser, which can provide an ultra-wide spectral range (3-20 μm), excellent wavelength tunability, and can achieve high output power and Working at room temperature, it has better application prospects and wider application range. Therefore, in order to effectively take advantage of the quantum cascade laser, the optical fiber used to transmit the laser light from the quantum cascade laser is very important.
目前，广泛使用的实芯光纤由于其纤芯材料的本征缺陷如非线性、色散、光致损伤等，限制了实芯光纤在通信数据传输、高功率短脉冲激光传输以及紫外、中远红外、太赫兹、微波传输等领域的应用。而空芯光纤由于其极小的非线性、较低的模式色散、高损伤阈值、宽传输波段及近乎光速的传输速度，可用于突破现有实芯光纤的瓶颈。At present, the widely used solid-core fibers have inherent defects in their core materials, such as nonlinearity, dispersion, photo-induced damage, etc., which limit the use of solid-core fibers in communication data transmission, high-power short-pulse laser transmission, and ultraviolet, mid-far-infrared, Applications in terahertz, microwave transmission and other fields. The hollow core fiber can be used to break through the bottleneck of the existing solid core fiber due to its extremely small nonlinearity, low modal dispersion, high damage threshold, wide transmission band and transmission speed close to the speed of light.
公开(公告)号CN107876973A的中国发明专利提供了一种导光臂系统，通过金属导光管内壁反射的方式约束激光在内部传输并通过反射镜的方式调节激光方向。但此类系统体积大，重量重且系统本身不具备柔性。为保证中远红外激光传输具有便携性，拟采用轻，细且具有柔性的光纤作为中远红外激光的传输方式。The Chinese invention patent of Publication (Announcement) No. CN107876973A provides a light guide arm system, which constrains the internal transmission of laser light by means of reflection from the inner wall of a metal light guide tube and adjusts the direction of the laser light by means of mirrors. However, such systems are bulky, heavy and the system itself is not flexible. In order to ensure the portability of mid- and far-infrared laser transmission, a light, thin and flexible optical fiber is proposed as the transmission method of mid- and far-infrared laser.
公开(公告)号CN108732680A的中国发明专利提供了一种硫系玻璃光纤，通过硫系玻璃组分形成的芯包层结构，将中远红外激光束缚在光纤中。但此类光纤由于其本身的导光机理，其低损耗波段只能覆盖很小的范围(2957nm和4258nm)且此类光纤由于其本身材料的问题，其损伤阈值较低(<15mW)，难以承受高功率的激光。为了保证光纤低损耗波段的可调性并提高光纤的损伤阈值，拟采用空芯带隙结构作为光纤的基本导光结构。The Chinese invention patent of publication (announcement) No. CN108732680A provides a chalcogenide glass optical fiber, and the mid-far infrared laser is bound in the optical fiber through the core-cladding structure formed by the chalcogenide glass component. However, due to its own light guiding mechanism, this type of optical fiber can only cover a small range (2957nm and 4258nm) in its low-loss band, and due to its own material problems, this type of optical fiber has a low damage threshold (<15mW), which is difficult to achieve. Withstands high power lasers. In order to ensure the tunability of the low-loss band of the optical fiber and improve the damage threshold of the optical fiber, a hollow-core bandgap structure is proposed to be used as the basic light-guiding structure of the optical fiber.
因此，为了有效发挥量子级联激光器的功能，开发一种柔性的具有低损耗波段可调性且能承受高功率激光的光纤是目前亟待解决的问题。Therefore, in order to effectively exert the function of quantum cascade lasers, it is an urgent problem to develop a flexible optical fiber with low-loss band tunability that can withstand high-power lasers.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提供一种空芯传能中红外光纤及其制备方法，用以解决现有应用于量子级联激光器的光纤无法满足实际过程中量子级联激光器全波段低损耗传输要求的技术问题。The invention provides a hollow-core energy transfer mid-infrared optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, which are used to solve the technical problem that the existing optical fiber applied to the quantum cascade laser cannot meet the requirements of the full-band low-loss transmission of the quantum cascade laser in the actual process.
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种空芯传能中红外光纤，应用于量子级联激光器的激光传输，呈空心管状，包括：光纤包层及其内的空气纤芯，以及设置于所述光纤包层的外表面的光纤聚合物保护层；The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared fiber, which is applied to the laser transmission of a quantum cascade laser, is in the shape of a hollow tube, and includes: a fiber cladding layer and an air fiber core in it, and a an optical fiber polymer protective layer on the outer surface of the optical fiber cladding;
其中，所述光纤包层包括交替间隔排布的硫系玻璃层和聚合物层，所述硫系玻璃层的材料中包括碲元素。Wherein, the cladding layer of the optical fiber includes chalcogenide glass layers and polymer layers arranged alternately at intervals, and the material of the chalcogenide glass layer includes tellurium element.
本发明的有益效果是：硫系玻璃层和聚合物层间隔排布，构成周期性结构，该周期性结构即为光子带隙结构(两种不同折射率材料交替的周期性结构会导致某个频率的光无法穿过，这个无法穿过的波段叫带隙，这种结构为光子带隙结构)。其次，由于硫系玻璃层的折射率和聚合物材料的折射率一般相差较大，两种材料结合，可保证较好的波段过滤，特别的，硫系玻璃层的材料中含有碲元素，传输波段可覆盖中红外传输波段，扩大了应用于量子级联激光器的光纤的低损耗传输波段。进一步，空气纤芯内为空气介质，激光能量的横向扩散较慢，可以提高激光在该光纤中的损伤阈值，进而提高对高功率激光的耐受性。因此，可基于实际所需传输波长，合理设计上述周期性结构，实现传输波段的可调性以及多种波段激光(包括高功率激光波段)的低损耗传输。另外，聚合物层的使用，使得本发明的轻质，柔性，便携，实现了量子级联激光器激光的便携传输。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the chalcogenide glass layer and the polymer layer are arranged at intervals to form a periodic structure, and the periodic structure is a photonic band gap structure (the periodic structure of two different refractive index materials alternating will cause a certain The light of the frequency cannot pass through, and the band that cannot pass through is called the band gap, and this structure is called the photonic band gap structure). Secondly, since the refractive index of the chalcogenide glass layer and the refractive index of the polymer material are generally quite different, the combination of the two materials can ensure better band filtering. The band can cover the mid-infrared transmission band, expanding the low-loss transmission band of optical fibers used in quantum cascade lasers. Furthermore, the air core is an air medium, and the lateral diffusion of laser energy is slow, which can improve the damage threshold of the laser in the fiber, thereby improving the tolerance to high-power lasers. Therefore, based on the actual required transmission wavelength, the above-mentioned periodic structure can be reasonably designed to realize the tunability of the transmission band and the low-loss transmission of lasers in various wavelength bands (including the high-power laser band). In addition, the use of the polymer layer makes the present invention lightweight, flexible, and portable, and realizes the portable transmission of the quantum cascade laser.
上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进。On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
进一步，所述空气纤芯由所述硫系玻璃层的边界确定。Further, the air core is defined by the boundary of the chalcogenide glass layer.
本发明的进一步有益效果是：本发明提出的空心管状的光纤本身能降低损耗，进一步，相比较聚合物，硫系玻璃材料对红外激光损耗低，将硫系玻璃层作为包层的最内层，能够保证较低的红外激光吸收率(损耗量)，有效保证量子级联激光器发出的中远红外激光的低损耗传输。Further beneficial effects of the present invention are: the hollow tubular optical fiber proposed by the present invention can reduce the loss itself, and further, compared with the polymer, the chalcogenide glass material has lower loss of infrared laser light, and the chalcogenide glass layer is used as the innermost layer of the cladding layer. , which can ensure a lower infrared laser absorption rate (loss), and effectively ensure the low-loss transmission of mid- and far-infrared lasers emitted by quantum cascade lasers.
进一步，所述硫系玻璃层对应的硫系玻璃材料的折射率与所述聚合物层对应的聚合物材料的折射率的差值大于0.5。Further, the difference between the refractive index of the chalcogenide glass material corresponding to the chalcogenide glass layer and the refractive index of the polymer material corresponding to the polymer layer is greater than 0.5.
本发明的进一步有益效果是：由于光子带隙结构基于高折射率差，来实现对部分光的限制，因此，上述两种材料的折射率的差值越大，带隙越大，周期结构对激光的过滤效果越好，且能够保证更宽的传输波段以及传输波段内更低的传输损耗。The further beneficial effect of the present invention is: because the photonic band gap structure is based on the high refractive index difference, so as to realize the confinement of part of the light, therefore, the larger the difference between the refractive indices of the above two materials, the larger the band gap, and the greater the effect of the periodic structure on the periodic structure. The better the filtering effect of the laser, the wider the transmission band and the lower the transmission loss in the transmission band.
进一步，一个包层周期的总厚度基于实际所需传输激光波长确定，其中，一个所述包层周期由相邻的一层所述硫系玻璃层和一层所述聚合物层构成。Further, the total thickness of one cladding period is determined based on the actual required transmission laser wavelength, wherein one cladding period is composed of one adjacent layer of the chalcogenide glass layer and one layer of the polymer layer.
本发明的进一步有益效果是：基于实际所需要传输的波长或未被包层限制的波长，确定两层的总厚度，体现了传输波段的物理可调性。A further beneficial effect of the present invention is that the total thickness of the two layers is determined based on the wavelength actually required to be transmitted or the wavelength not restricted by the cladding, which reflects the physical tunability of the transmission band.
进一步，所述包层中的周期数大于5。Further, the number of cycles in the cladding layer is greater than 5.
本发明的进一步有益效果是：包层的周期数大于5，可以提高其对波长限制的效果，提高激光的波长传输纯度。The further beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the period number of the cladding layer is greater than 5, which can improve its effect on wavelength limitation and improve the wavelength transmission purity of laser light.
进一步，所述硫系玻璃层和所述聚合物层的厚度之比为1:7～2:1。Further, the ratio of the thickness of the chalcogenide glass layer to the polymer layer is 1:7˜2:1.
本发明的进一步有益效果是：首先，当硫系玻璃过少、聚合物比例过高时，由于聚合物对红外光有比较大的吸收，以及比例过于极端会导致可调的低损耗波段较少、较窄，带隙缩小，会使得光纤的损耗增大；其次，当硫系玻璃过多、聚合物过少时，由于比例与最佳比例的偏移，也会导致光纤的损耗增加，而且由于玻璃机械性能相比聚合物差，聚合物过少会导致光纤机械性能下降。另外，硫系玻璃层的厚度不宜过厚，以避免较高的制作难度。The further beneficial effects of the present invention are: firstly, when the chalcogenide glass is too small and the polymer ratio is too high, the polymer has a relatively large absorption of infrared light, and the ratio is too extreme, resulting in fewer adjustable low-loss bands , narrower, and the band gap narrows, which will increase the loss of the fiber; secondly, when there is too much chalcogenide glass and too little polymer, the loss of the fiber will also increase due to the deviation of the ratio from the optimal ratio, and due to The mechanical properties of glass are poorer than that of polymers, and too little polymer will lead to a decrease in the mechanical properties of optical fibers. In addition, the thickness of the chalcogenide glass layer should not be too thick to avoid higher manufacturing difficulty.
本发明还提供一种如上所述的空芯传能中红外光纤的制备方法，包括：The present invention also provides a method for preparing the hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared optical fiber as described above, comprising:
步骤1、在第一聚合物薄膜的表面蒸镀一层硫系玻璃，构成包层薄膜，其中，所述硫系玻璃包括碲元素；Step 1. Evaporating a layer of chalcogenide glass on the surface of the first polymer film to form a cladding film, wherein the chalcogenide glass includes tellurium element;
步骤2、采用圆棒，卷绕所述包层薄膜，并在所述包层薄膜的外表面卷绕第二聚合物薄膜，得到包层棒；Step 2, using a round rod to wind the cladding film, and winding a second polymer film on the outer surface of the cladding film to obtain a cladding rod;
步骤3、对所述包层棒进行热固，并去除所述圆棒，得到预制棒；Step 3, thermosetting the cladding rod, and removing the round rod to obtain a preformed rod;
步骤4、基于拉丝比例，对所述预制棒进行拉制拉丝，得到所述空芯传能中红外光纤。Step 4: Drawing and drawing the preform based on the drawing ratio to obtain the hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared optical fiber.
本发明的有益效果是：采用本方法，可以简单方便的实现上述周期性结构，其中，采用蒸镀的方式在聚合物薄膜的表面涂覆硫系玻璃层，保证了硫系玻璃层的均匀性。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by adopting the method, the above-mentioned periodic structure can be realized simply and conveniently, wherein, the chalcogenide glass layer is coated on the surface of the polymer film by means of evaporation to ensure the uniformity of the chalcogenide glass layer .
进一步，所述第一聚合物薄膜的厚度小于200μm；所述硫系玻璃的厚度为2～30μm。Further, the thickness of the first polymer film is less than 200 μm; the thickness of the chalcogenide glass is 2˜30 μm.
本发明的进一步有益效果是：第一聚合物薄膜的厚度不宜超过200μm，以保证待传输的低损耗波段的可调性，硫系玻璃层的厚度小于30μm，以方便圆棒的卷绕。Further beneficial effects of the present invention are: the thickness of the first polymer film should not exceed 200 μm to ensure the tunability of the low-loss band to be transmitted, and the thickness of the chalcogenide glass layer is less than 30 μm to facilitate the winding of the round rod.
进一步，所述步骤1中，所述蒸镀过程的真空度为10-3Pa量级及以下。Further, in the step 1, the vacuum degree of the evaporation process is in the order of 10-3 Pa and below.
本发明的进一步有益效果是：该方法可以避免水氧污染导致的包层变质，保证硫系玻璃材料特性不发生改变。The further beneficial effect of the present invention is that the method can avoid the deterioration of the cladding caused by water and oxygen pollution, and ensure that the properties of the chalcogenide glass material do not change.
进一步，所述拉丝比例基于所需传输激光波长确定。Further, the wire drawing ratio is determined based on the desired transmission laser wavelength.
本发明的进一步有益效果是：低损耗波段的范围主要取决于一个包层周期的厚度。拉丝比例决定一个包层周期的厚度，则根据实际带隙(光纤传输的波长或未被包层限制的波长)需要，确定拉丝比例，以实现带隙所需的包层周期的厚度。A further beneficial effect of the present invention is that the range of the low-loss band mainly depends on the thickness of one cladding period. The drawing ratio determines the thickness of one cladding period, then according to the actual band gap (wavelength transmitted by the fiber or wavelength not limited by the cladding), the drawing ratio is determined to achieve the thickness of the cladding period required by the band gap.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一个实施例提供的一种空芯传能中红外光纤的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared optical fiber provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明一个实施例提供的一种空芯传能中红外光纤的制备方法的流程框图；2 is a flowchart of a method for preparing a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared optical fiber provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明一个实施例提供的一种空芯传能中红外光纤的带隙结构图；3 is a band gap structure diagram of a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared optical fiber provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明一个实施例提供的另一种空芯传能中红外光纤的带隙结构图。FIG. 4 is a band gap structure diagram of another hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared fiber provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或者结构，其中：Throughout the drawings, the same reference numbers are used to refer to the same elements or structures, wherein:
110为光纤包层，111为一个包层周期，120为空气纤芯，130为光纤聚合物保护层。110 is an optical fiber cladding, 111 is a cladding period, 120 is an air core, and 130 is an optical fiber polymer protective layer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
实施例一Example 1
一种空芯传能中红外光纤100，应用于量子级联激光器的激光传输，如图1所示，呈空心管状，包括：光纤包层110及其内的空气纤芯120，以及设置于光纤包层的外表面的光纤聚合物保护层130；其中，光纤包层包括交替间隔排布的硫系玻璃层和聚合物层，硫系玻璃层的材料中包括碲元素。A hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared fiber 100 is used for laser transmission of quantum cascade lasers. As shown in FIG. 1 , it is in the shape of a hollow tube, and includes: a fiber cladding 110 and an air fiber core 120 in it, and a fiber cladding layer 110 and an air fiber core 120 therein; The optical fiber polymer protective layer 130 on the outer surface of the cladding layer; wherein, the optical fiber cladding layer includes chalcogenide glass layers and polymer layers arranged alternately at intervals, and the material of the chalcogenide glass layer includes tellurium element.
需要说明的是，图1的右图，最外层的虚线圈与其相邻的实线圈即表示为光纤聚合物保护层130，两个实线圈之间确定的区域即为光纤包层110，最内层的实线圈圈定的区域即为空气纤芯120。It should be noted that, in the right figure of FIG. 1 , the outermost dashed coil and its adjacent solid coil are the optical fiber polymer protective layer 130 , the area determined between the two solid coils is the optical fiber cladding 110 , and the most The area enclosed by the solid coils of the inner layer is the air core 120 .
硫系玻璃层和聚合物层的材料可选择范围广，任何热塑性强、红外吸收率低、折射率低的聚合物材料与软化温度低、沸点低、折射率高的硫系玻璃材料均可用于设计并构建折射率周期性变化的结构(即光子带隙结构)，制作所述的空芯传能中红外光纤。The materials of the chalcogenide glass layer and polymer layer can be selected from a wide range. Any polymer material with strong thermoplasticity, low infrared absorption rate and low refractive index and chalcogenide glass material with low softening temperature, low boiling point and high refractive index can be used for A structure with periodically changing refractive index (ie, a photonic band gap structure) is designed and constructed, and the hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared fiber is fabricated.
另外，空芯传能中红外光纤结构具有物理可调性。这种光纤无需改变制备所用的材料，仅通过工艺上的变化(如拉丝比例)可以实现带隙位置的调整，实现在中远红外波段自由选择传输波段的效果。In addition, the hollow-core energy transfer mid-infrared fiber structure has physical tunability. This kind of optical fiber does not need to change the materials used for preparation, and can adjust the position of the band gap only through changes in the process (such as the drawing ratio), and realize the effect of freely selecting the transmission band in the mid- and far-infrared band.
为保证中远红外激光传输具有便携性，拟采用轻、细且具有柔性的光纤作为中远红外激光的传输方式。为了达到柔性传输的效果，选取本身就具有良好性能的聚合物作为主要材料制作结构上具有柔性的纤维。In order to ensure the portability of mid- and far-infrared laser transmission, a light, thin and flexible optical fiber is proposed as the transmission method of mid- and far-infrared laser. In order to achieve the effect of flexible transmission, a polymer with good performance itself is selected as the main material to make fibers with flexible structure.
光纤聚合物保护层保证了光纤具有一定的机械性能，同时可保护其内层结构。The optical fiber polymer protective layer ensures that the optical fiber has certain mechanical properties, and at the same time can protect its inner layer structure.
硫系玻璃层和聚合物层间隔排布，构成周期性结构，该周期性结构即为光子带隙结构(两种不同折射率材料交替的周期性结构会导致某个频率的光无法穿过，这个无法穿过的波段叫带隙，这种结构为光子带隙结构)。其次，由于硫系玻璃和聚合物材料都具有良好的中红外导光能力且之间具有较高的折射率差，两种材料结合，可保证较好的波段过滤。进一步，空气纤芯内为空气介质，激光能量的横向扩散较慢，可以提高激光在该光纤中的损伤阈值，进而提高对高功率激光的耐受性。因此，可基于实际所需传输波长，合理设计上述周期性结构，实现传输波段的可调性以及多种波段激光(包括高功率激光波段)的低损耗传输，满足实际过程中量子级联激光器全波段低损耗传输要求。另外，聚合物的使用，使得本发明的光纤轻质，柔性，便携，实现了量子级联激光器激光的便携传输。The chalcogenide glass layer and the polymer layer are arranged at intervals to form a periodic structure, which is the photonic band gap structure (the periodic structure of two different refractive index materials alternately causes light of a certain frequency to not pass through, This band that cannot be passed through is called the band gap, and this structure is called a photonic band gap structure). Secondly, since both chalcogenide glass and polymer materials have good mid-infrared light guiding ability and have a high refractive index difference between them, the combination of the two materials can ensure better band filtering. Furthermore, the air core is an air medium, and the lateral diffusion of laser energy is slow, which can improve the damage threshold of the laser in the fiber, thereby improving the tolerance to high-power lasers. Therefore, based on the actual required transmission wavelength, the above periodic structure can be reasonably designed to realize the tunability of the transmission band and the low-loss transmission of lasers in various wavelength bands (including high-power laser bands), which can meet the requirements of all quantum cascade lasers in the actual process. Band low-loss transmission requirements. In addition, the use of polymers makes the optical fiber of the present invention lightweight, flexible, and portable, and realizes the portable transmission of quantum cascade lasers.
优选的，空气纤芯由硫系玻璃层的边界确定。Preferably, the air core is defined by the boundaries of the chalcogenide glass layers.
本实施例提出的空心管状的光纤本身能降低损耗，进一步，相比较聚合物，硫系玻璃材料对红外激光损耗低，将硫系玻璃层作为包层的最内层，能够保证较低的红外激光损耗，有效保证量子级联激光器发出的中远红外激光的低损耗传输。The hollow tubular optical fiber proposed in this embodiment can reduce the loss itself. Furthermore, compared with the polymer, the chalcogenide glass material has lower loss of infrared laser light, and the chalcogenide glass layer is used as the innermost layer of the cladding layer, which can ensure a lower infrared laser. Laser loss can effectively ensure the low-loss transmission of mid- and far-infrared lasers emitted by quantum cascade lasers.
优选的，硫系玻璃层对应的硫系玻璃材料的折射率与聚合物层对应的聚合物材料的折射率的差值大于0.5。Preferably, the difference between the refractive index of the chalcogenide glass material corresponding to the chalcogenide glass layer and the refractive index of the polymer material corresponding to the polymer layer is greater than 0.5.
硫系玻璃层对应的硫系玻璃材料的折射率可以为1.5-4，聚合物层对应的聚合物材料的折射率可以为1.3-2.5。The refractive index of the chalcogenide glass material corresponding to the chalcogenide glass layer may be 1.5-4, and the refractive index of the polymer material corresponding to the polymer layer may be 1.3-2.5.
由于光子带隙结构基于高折射率差，来实现对部分光的限制，因此，上述两种材料的折射率的差值越大，带隙越大，周期结构对激光的过滤效果越好，且能够保证较宽的传输波段并在传输波段内具有更低的损耗。Since the photonic bandgap structure is based on a high refractive index difference to confine part of the light, the larger the difference between the refractive indices of the above two materials, the larger the bandgap, and the better the filtering effect of the periodic structure on the laser light. It can guarantee a wider transmission band and have lower loss in the transmission band.
优选的，一个包层周期111的总厚度基于实际所需传输激光波长确定，其中，如图1的右图所示，一个包层周期由相邻的一层硫系玻璃层和一层聚合物层构成，图中111处指出的三个虚线圆构成相邻两层材料层。Preferably, the total thickness of one cladding period 111 is determined based on the actual required transmission laser wavelength, wherein, as shown in the right figure of FIG. 1 , one cladding period is composed of an adjacent layer of chalcogenide glass layer and a layer of polymer Layer composition, the three dotted circles indicated at 111 in the figure constitute two adjacent material layers.
基于实际所需要传输的波长或未被包层限制的波长，确定两层的总厚度，体现了传输波段的可调性。The total thickness of the two layers is determined based on the wavelength that actually needs to be transmitted or the wavelength not limited by the cladding, which reflects the tunability of the transmission band.
优选的，包层中的周期数大于5。Preferably, the number of periods in the cladding is greater than 5.
包层的周期数大于5，可以提高其对波长限制的效果，降低激光的传输损耗。The period number of the cladding layer is greater than 5, which can improve its effect on wavelength limitation and reduce the transmission loss of the laser.
优选的，硫系玻璃层和聚合物层的厚度之比为1:7～2:1。Preferably, the thickness ratio of the chalcogenide glass layer and the polymer layer is 1:7-2:1.
首先，当硫系玻璃过少、聚合物比例过高时，由于聚合物对红外光有比较大的吸收，以及比例过于极端会导致可调的低损耗波段较少、较窄，带隙缩小，会使得光纤的损耗增大；其次，当硫系玻璃过多、聚合物过少时，由于比例与最佳比例的偏移，也会导致光纤的损耗增加，而且由于玻璃机械性能相比聚合物差，聚合物过少会导致光纤机械性能下降。另外，硫系玻璃层的厚度不宜过厚，以避免制作难度。First, when there is too little chalcogenide glass and the proportion of polymer is too high, because the polymer has a relatively large absorption of infrared light, and the proportion is too extreme, the tunable low-loss band will be less and narrower, and the band gap will be narrowed. It will increase the loss of the fiber; secondly, when there is too much chalcogenide glass and too little polymer, the loss of the fiber will also increase due to the deviation of the ratio from the optimal ratio, and the mechanical properties of the glass are worse than that of the polymer. , too little polymer will lead to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the fiber. In addition, the thickness of the chalcogenide glass layer should not be too thick to avoid difficulty in fabrication.
实施例二Embodiment 2
一种实施例一所述的空芯传能中红外光纤的制备方法200，包括：A method 200 for preparing a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared optical fiber according to the first embodiment, comprising:
步骤210、在第一聚合物薄膜的表面蒸镀硫系玻璃层，构成包层薄膜，其中，所述硫系玻璃包括碲元素；Step 210: Evaporating a chalcogenide glass layer on the surface of the first polymer film to form a cladding film, wherein the chalcogenide glass includes tellurium element;
步骤220、采用圆棒，卷绕包层薄膜，并在包层薄膜的外表面卷绕第二聚合物薄膜，得到包层棒；Step 220, using a round rod to wind the cladding film, and wrapping the second polymer film on the outer surface of the cladding film to obtain a cladding rod;
步骤230、对包层棒进行热固，并去除圆棒，得到预制棒；Step 230, thermosetting the cladding rod, and removing the round rod to obtain a preformed rod;
步骤240、基于拉丝比例，对预制棒进行拉制拉丝，得到空芯传能中红外光纤。Step 240 , drawing and drawing the preform based on the drawing ratio to obtain a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared optical fiber.
采用本方法，可以简单方便的实现上述周期性结构，其中，采用蒸镀的方式在聚合物薄膜的表面涂覆硫系玻璃层，保证了硫系玻璃层的均匀性。采用蒸镀机以及特种光纤拉制设备可实现预制棒以及光纤的大批量制备。By adopting the method, the above-mentioned periodic structure can be simply and conveniently realized, wherein the chalcogenide glass layer is coated on the surface of the polymer film by means of vapor deposition, so as to ensure the uniformity of the chalcogenide glass layer. The mass production of preforms and optical fibers can be realized by using vapor deposition machines and special optical fiber drawing equipment.
优选的，第二聚合物薄膜的卷绕层数可为3～30层。Preferably, the number of winding layers of the second polymer film may be 3-30 layers.
优选的，所述第一聚合物薄膜的厚度小于200μm；所述硫系玻璃的厚度为3～30μm。Preferably, the thickness of the first polymer film is less than 200 μm; the thickness of the chalcogenide glass is 3-30 μm.
聚合物薄膜厚度可在10-200μm，优选为长方形，截取下的薄膜长度、宽度应根据蒸镀设备决定。The thickness of the polymer film can be 10-200 μm, preferably a rectangle, and the length and width of the cut film should be determined according to the evaporation equipment.
聚合物薄膜的厚度不宜超过200μm，以保证待传输的低损耗波段的可调性，蒸镀得到的硫系玻璃层的厚度小于30μm，以方便圆棒的卷绕。The thickness of the polymer film should not exceed 200 μm to ensure the tunability of the low-loss band to be transmitted, and the thickness of the vapor-deposited chalcogenide glass layer should be less than 30 μm to facilitate the winding of the round rod.
优选的，步骤210中，蒸镀过程的真空度为10-3Pa量级及以下。Preferably, in step 210, the vacuum degree of the evaporation process is in the order of 10-3 Pa and below.
该方法可以避免水氧污染导致的硫系玻璃变质，保证周期性结构的质量。The method can avoid the deterioration of the chalcogenide glass caused by water and oxygen pollution, and ensure the quality of the periodic structure.
空气纤芯的直径基于激光器的输出激光光板半径及传感器耦合确定，而空气纤芯的直径通过圆棒的直径和拉制的气压有关。The diameter of the air core is determined based on the output laser light plate radius of the laser and the sensor coupling, while the diameter of the air core is related to the drawn air pressure through the diameter of the round rod.
优选的，拉丝比例基于所需传输激光波长确定。Preferably, the drawing ratio is determined based on the desired transmission laser wavelength.
拉丝过程中可以通过调整拉丝比例(即预制棒直径与纤维直径之比)，达到调整带隙结构效果，实现在中远红外波段范围内调整传输波段的目的。During the drawing process, the drawing ratio (that is, the ratio of the diameter of the preform to the fiber diameter) can be adjusted to achieve the effect of adjusting the band gap structure and achieve the purpose of adjusting the transmission band in the mid-to-far infrared band.
低损耗波段的范围主要取决于一个包层周期的厚度。拉丝比例决定一个包层周期的厚度，则根据实际带隙(光纤传输的波长或未被包层限制的波长)需要，确定拉丝比例，以实现带隙所需的包层周期的厚度。The range of the low-loss band mainly depends on the thickness of one cladding period. The drawing ratio determines the thickness of one cladding period, then according to the actual band gap (wavelength transmitted by the fiber or wavelength not limited by the cladding), the drawing ratio is determined to achieve the thickness of the cladding period required by the band gap.
空芯传能中红外光纤的纤芯直径大小可以通过改变圆棒的直径以及拉制过程中对纤芯加气压进行调整，圆棒直径应在0.5-5cm，空气纤芯的横截面直径可为20-2000μm。The core diameter of the hollow-core energy transfer mid-infrared fiber can be adjusted by changing the diameter of the round rod and adding air pressure to the core during the drawing process. The diameter of the round rod should be 0.5-5cm, and the cross-sectional diameter of the air core can be 20-2000μm.
预制棒拉丝过程中，应向融化预制棒的炉子充入氩气等保护气体进行气相保护。During the wire drawing process of the preform, the furnace for melting the preform should be filled with a protective gas such as argon for gas phase protection.
相关技术方案同实施例一，在此不再赘述。The related technical solutions are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not repeated here.
为了更好的说明本发明的制备方法，现提供如下示例：In order to better illustrate the preparation method of the present invention, the following examples are now provided:
示例1在45μm的聚亚苯基砜树脂(Polyphenylene sulfone resins，PPSU)薄膜上切割下长90cm，宽30cm的一块薄膜。通过蒸镀设备在薄膜上蒸镀一层20μm的As40Se40Te20玻璃。作为优选的方案，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能地处于真空状态，防止As40Se40Te20玻璃高温下接触到水氧导致变质。Example 1 A film with a length of 90 cm and a width of 30 cm was cut from a 45 μm polyphenylene sulfone resin (PPSU) film. A layer of 20 μm As40 Se40 Te20 glass was evaporated on the film by evaporation equipment. As a preferred solution, the evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible during the evaporation process to prevent the As40 Se40 Te20 glass from being deteriorated due to contact with water and oxygen at a high temperature.
将蒸镀好玻璃的薄膜延圆棒卷绕起来，然后在最外层再卷绕一层PPSU薄膜。卷绕完成后用生胶带固定(固定方式不限)，然后放入管式炉内热固(本例中热固温度为230℃，热固时间5min，真空为10-3Pa以下)。将热固完后，取下生胶带和圆棒，得到的预制棒，用拉丝塔进行拉丝。拉丝过程中，炉内应通入氩气进行气相保护。Wind the evaporated glass film on a round rod, and then wind another layer of PPSU film on the outermost layer. After the winding is completed, fix it with raw tape (the fixation method is not limited), and then put it into a tube furnace for thermosetting (in this example, the thermosetting temperature is 230°C, the thermosetting time is 5 minutes, and the vacuum is below 10-3 Pa). After the heat setting is completed, the raw tape and the round bar are removed, and the obtained preform is drawn with a drawing tower. During the wire drawing process, argon gas should be passed into the furnace for gas phase protection.
通过仿真了解到，在一个包层周期内As40Se40Te20玻璃与PPSU薄膜的厚度比例为20：45时，拉丝比例(即预制棒直径与拉制所得纤维直径之比)为73：1时，拉制所得纤维的低损耗波段中心位于3μm。这样就可以获得中心波段为3μm的空芯传能中红外光纤。其中，低损耗的波段(某一个频率范围)，在这个频率范围内光纤传输光的损耗低，称为低损耗波段。Through simulation, it is known that when the thickness ratio of As40 Se40 Te20 glass and PPSU film is 20:45 in one cladding period, the drawing ratio (ie the ratio of preform diameter to drawn fiber diameter) is 73:1 , the center of the low-loss band of the drawn fiber is located at 3 μm. In this way, a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared fiber with a central band of 3 μm can be obtained. Among them, the low-loss band (a certain frequency range), in which the loss of optical fiber transmission light is low, is called the low-loss band.
示例2在45μm的PPSU薄膜上切割下长90cm，宽30cm的一块薄膜。通过蒸镀设备在薄膜上蒸镀一层20μm的As40Se40Te20玻璃。作为优选的方案，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能地处于真空状态，防止As40Se40Te20玻璃高温下接触到水氧导致变质。将蒸镀好玻璃的薄膜延圆棒卷绕起来，然后在最外层再卷绕一层PPSU薄膜。卷绕完成后用生胶带固定，然后放入管式炉内热固。将热固完后，取下生胶带和圆棒，得到的预制棒，对预制棒用拉丝塔进行拉丝。拉丝过程中，炉内应通入氩气进行气相保护。Example 2 A piece of film with a length of 90 cm and a width of 30 cm was cut from a PPSU film of 45 μm. A layer of 20 μm As40 Se40 Te20 glass was evaporated on the film by evaporation equipment. As a preferred solution, the evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible during the evaporation process to prevent the As40 Se40 Te20 glass from being deteriorated due to contact with water and oxygen at a high temperature. Wind the evaporated glass film on a round rod, and then wind another layer of PPSU film on the outermost layer. After the winding is completed, it is fixed with raw tape, and then placed in a tube furnace for thermosetting. After the heat setting, the raw tape and the round rod are removed, and the obtained preform is drawn, and the preform is drawn with a drawing tower. During the wire drawing process, argon gas should be passed into the furnace for gas phase protection.
通过仿真了解到，在一个包层周期内As40Se40Te20玻璃与PPSU薄膜比例为20：45时，拉丝比例(即预制棒直径与拉制所得纤维直径之比)为29：1时，拉制所得纤维的低损耗波段中心位于7.6μm。这样就可以获得中心波段为7.6μm的空芯传能中红外光纤。Through simulation, it is known that when the ratio of As40 Se40 Te20 glass to PPSU film is 20:45 in one cladding period, and the drawing ratio (that is, the ratio of the diameter of the preform to the diameter of the drawn fiber) is 29:1, The center of the low-loss band of the drawn fiber is located at 7.6 μm. In this way, a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared fiber with a central band of 7.6 μm can be obtained.
示例3在45μm的PPSU薄膜上切割下长90cm，宽30cm的一块薄膜。通过蒸镀设备在薄膜上蒸镀一层20μm的As40Se40Te20玻璃。作为优选的方案，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能地处于真空状态，防止As40Se40Te20玻璃高温下接触到水氧导致变质。将蒸镀好玻璃的薄膜延圆棒卷绕起来，然后在最外层再卷绕一层PPSU薄膜。卷绕完成后用生胶带固定，然后放入管式炉内热固。将热固完后，取下生胶带和圆棒，得到的预制棒，对预制棒用拉丝塔进行拉丝。拉丝过程中，炉内应通入氩气进行气相保护。Example 3 A piece of film with a length of 90 cm and a width of 30 cm was cut from a PPSU film of 45 μm. A layer of 20 μm As40 Se40 Te20 glass was evaporated on the film by evaporation equipment. As a preferred solution, the evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible during the evaporation process to prevent the As40 Se40 Te20 glass from being deteriorated due to contact with water and oxygen at a high temperature. Wind the evaporated glass film on a round rod, and then wind another layer of PPSU film on the outermost layer. After the winding is completed, it is fixed with raw tape, and then placed in a tube furnace for thermosetting. After the heat setting, the raw tape and the round rod are removed, and the obtained preform is drawn, and the preform is drawn with a drawing tower. During the wire drawing process, argon gas should be passed into the furnace for gas phase protection.
通过仿真了解到，在一个包层周期内As40Se40Te20玻璃与PPSU薄膜比例为20：45时，拉丝比例(即预制棒直径与拉制所得纤维直径之比)为21：1时，拉制所得纤维的低损耗波段中心位10.3μm。这样就可以获得中心波段为10.4μm的空芯传能中红外光纤。Through simulation, it is known that when the ratio of As40 Se40 Te20 glass to PPSU film is 20:45 in one cladding period, and the drawing ratio (that is, the ratio of the diameter of the preform to the diameter of the drawn fiber) is 21:1, The center position of the low-loss band of the drawn fiber is 10.3 μm. In this way, a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared fiber with a central band of 10.4 μm can be obtained.
示例4在45μm的PPSU薄膜上切割下长90cm，宽30cm的一块薄膜。通过蒸镀设备在薄膜上蒸镀一层20μm的As40Se40Te20玻璃。作为优选的方案，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能地处于真空状态，防止As40Se40Te20玻璃高温下接触到水氧导致变质。将蒸镀好玻璃的薄膜延圆棒卷绕起来，然后在最外层再卷绕一层PPSU薄膜。卷绕完成后用生胶带固定，然后放入管式炉内热固。将热固完后，取下生胶带和圆棒，得到的预制棒，对预制棒用拉丝塔进行拉丝。拉丝过程中，炉内应通入氩气进行气相保护。Example 4 A piece of film with a length of 90 cm and a width of 30 cm was cut from a PPSU film of 45 μm. A layer of 20 μm As40 Se40 Te20 glass was evaporated on the film by evaporation equipment. As a preferred solution, the evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible during the evaporation process to prevent the As40 Se40 Te20 glass from being deteriorated due to contact with water and oxygen at a high temperature. Wind the evaporated glass film on a round rod, and then wind another layer of PPSU film on the outermost layer. After the winding is completed, it is fixed with raw tape, and then placed in a tube furnace for thermosetting. After the heat setting, the raw tape and the round rod are removed, and the obtained preform is drawn, and the preform is drawn with a drawing tower. During the wire drawing process, argon gas should be passed into the furnace for gas phase protection.
通过仿真了解到，在一个包层周期内As40Se40Te20玻璃与PPSU薄膜比例为20：45时，拉丝比例(即预制棒直径与拉制所得纤维直径之比)为10:1时，拉制所得纤维的低损耗波段中心位于20μm。这样就可以获得中心波段为20μm的空芯传能中红外光纤。Through simulation, it is known that when the ratio of As40 Se40 Te20 glass to PPSU film is 20:45 in one cladding cycle, and the drawing ratio (that is, the ratio of the diameter of the preform to the diameter of the drawn fiber) is 10:1, The center of the low-loss band of the drawn fibers is located at 20 μm. In this way, a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared fiber with a central band of 20 μm can be obtained.
示例5在45μm的PPSU薄膜上切割下长90cm，宽30cm的一块薄膜。通过蒸镀设备在薄膜上蒸镀一层15μm的As30Se50Te20玻璃。作为优选的方案，蒸镀过程中应保持蒸镀腔室尽可能处于真空状态，防止As30Se50Te20玻璃高温下接触水氧导致变质。将蒸镀好玻璃的薄膜延圆棒卷绕起来，然后在最外层再卷绕一层PPSU薄膜，卷绕完成后用生胶带固定，然后放入管式炉内热固。将热固完后，取下生胶带和圆棒，得到的预制棒，对预制棒用拉丝塔进行拉丝。拉丝过程中，炉内应通入氩气进行气相保护。Example 5 A piece of film with a length of 90 cm and a width of 30 cm was cut from a PPSU film of 45 μm. A layer of 15μm As30 Se50 Te20 glass was evaporated on the film by evaporation equipment. As a preferred solution, the evaporation chamber should be kept in a vacuum state as much as possible during the evaporation process to prevent the As30 Se50 Te20 glass from being deteriorated due to contact with water and oxygen at a high temperature. Roll up the evaporated glass film on a round rod, then roll a layer of PPSU film on the outermost layer, fix it with raw tape after winding, and then put it into a tube furnace for thermosetting. After the heat setting, the raw tape and the round rod are removed, and the obtained preform is drawn, and the preform is drawn with a drawing tower. During the wire drawing process, argon gas should be passed into the furnace for gas phase protection.
通过仿真了解到，在一个包层周期内As30Se50Te20玻璃与PPSU薄膜比例为20:45时，拉丝比例(即预制棒直径与拉制所得纤维直径之比)为24:1时，拉制所得纤维的低损耗波段中心处于10.3μm。这样就可以获得中心波段为10.3μm的空芯传能中红外光纤。Through simulation, it is known that when the ratio of As30 Se50 Te20 glass to PPSU film is 20:45 in one cladding period, and the drawing ratio (that is, the ratio of the diameter of the preform to the diameter of the drawn fiber) is 24:1, The center of the low-loss band of the drawn fiber is 10.3 μm. In this way, a hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared fiber with a central band of 10.3 μm can be obtained.
由于上述前四个示例(具有同样的玻璃材料)，主要是改变拉丝比例，拉丝比例主要影响一个周期结构的厚度，因此，得到的光纤对应的带隙结构均可用图3所示表示，图3中，a代表一个包层周期的总厚度，pi为π值，c为光速。从图中可以看到，由于周期性结构，在归一化角频率处于0.25-0.3之间时，一部分归一化纵向波矢为0-0.3的光波无法穿过包层的周期性结构，这部分光也就会被光子带隙结构约束在纤芯中。由于示例5，在改变硫系玻璃材料配比后，只要相应改变拉制比例以及蒸镀厚度，因此，也可产生相同的效果。同样的，上述示例5得到的光纤对应的带隙结构可用图4所示表示，从图3和图4可看见，不同玻璃材料得到光纤传输波段不同。Since the first four examples above (with the same glass material) mainly change the drawing ratio, the drawing ratio mainly affects the thickness of a periodic structure. Therefore, the corresponding band gap structure of the obtained optical fiber can be shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 where a represents the total thickness of one cladding period, pi is the value of π, and c is the speed of light. It can be seen from the figure that due to the periodic structure, when the normalized angular frequency is between 0.25 and 0.3, a part of the light waves with the normalized longitudinal wave vector of 0-0.3 cannot pass through the periodic structure of the cladding. Part of the light is also confined in the core by the photonic bandgap structure. As in Example 5, after changing the ratio of the chalcogenide glass material, as long as the drawing ratio and the vapor deposition thickness are changed accordingly, the same effect can also be produced. Similarly, the corresponding band gap structure of the optical fiber obtained in the above example 5 can be represented as shown in FIG. 4 . It can be seen from FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 that the optical fiber transmission bands obtained by different glass materials are different.
需要说明的是，角频率是归一化的，也就是说，角频率是以最大角频率为基准的，a越小，最大角频率也就越大，中心波段也就会改变，所以四个示例的中心波段不同。It should be noted that the angular frequency is normalized, that is to say, the angular frequency is based on the maximum angular frequency. The smaller a is, the larger the maximum angular frequency is, and the center band will also change. The center bands of the examples are different.
综上，实施例一和实施例二提供的能与QCL激光器匹配的空芯传能中红外光纤及其制备方法，通过聚合物-硫系玻璃两种材料交互的周期性结构，并通过合理设计，将低损耗波段移至QCL激光器的工作波段。另外，空芯传能中红外光纤通过灵活的结构设计(改变拉丝比例以改变包层厚度)与材料选取，可实现光传输波段可调范围覆盖整个中远红外波段，即QCL激光器的工作波段(3-20μm)。由于光纤为空芯光纤，低损耗波长范围覆盖整个中远红外波段，可以对各种用途的中红外激光使用环境进行针对性设计。To sum up, the hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared fibers provided by the first and second embodiments that can be matched with QCL lasers and their preparation methods use the periodic structure of the interaction between the two materials of polymer-chalcogenide glass and rational design. , move the low-loss band to the working band of the QCL laser. In addition, the hollow-core energy transfer mid-infrared fiber can realize the adjustable range of optical transmission covering the entire mid- and far-infrared band through flexible structural design (changing the drawing ratio to change the cladding thickness) and material selection, that is, the working band of the QCL laser (3 -20 μm). Since the optical fiber is a hollow-core fiber, the low-loss wavelength range covers the entire mid- and far-infrared band, and can be designed specifically for the use environment of mid-infrared lasers for various purposes.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, etc., All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201910529236.7ACN110333570A (en) | 2019-06-19 | 2019-06-19 | A hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201910529236.7ACN110333570A (en) | 2019-06-19 | 2019-06-19 | A hollow-core energy-transmitting mid-infrared optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
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