Epilepsy therapeutic apparatus and control method thereofTechnical Field
The application relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to an epilepsy therapeutic apparatus and a control method thereof.
Background
Epilepsy is a typical and frequent disease of the central nervous system, and is a chronic disease of transient dysfunction of the brain caused by sudden abnormal firing of neurons in the brain, and the so-called sudden abnormal firing of neurons is also called a large number of neurons excited synchronously.
Neurons are the fundamental units that make up the structure and function of the nervous system. Excitation in the interior of neurons is diffused and conducted by means of action potentials; information is exchanged between neurons through chemical and electrical synapses. Because ion distribution inside and outside the neuron cell membrane is unbalanced and the cell membrane is only permeable to K + in a quiet state, ion concentration difference exists inside and outside the cell, and the potential outside the cell membrane is physiologically assumed to be 0, so that a resting potential of about-65 mV to-70 mV exists in resting neuron cells. When the neuron cells receive external weak excitatory stimulation (subthreshold stimulation), only electrical tension potential and local excitation and local reaction are generated, the local excitation tends to exponentially attenuate along with the distance, so that a large amount of NA + ion channels on cell membranes are not enough to be opened, but when the local excitation amplitude reaches a critical value (threshold stimulation) by the received stimulation intensity, short and violent potential fluctuation can be caused, the NA + ion channels on the cell membranes are greatly opened, and then NA + rapidly enters the cells through the ion channels and causes instant inversion of the intra-membrane external potential, namely depolarization. Depolarization represents the excitation of neurons, and the high-amplitude spike potential generated at this time is called action potential. When action potential generated by continuous excitation of neurons rapidly reaches adjacent or distant subordinate neurons and causes excitation of a certain number of neurons in a local range, local extracellular fluid potential is greatly reduced, so that potential on other neurons which are not required to be excited cannot maintain resting potential, voltage-dependent ion channels on cell membranes are forced to be opened, abnormal synchronous excitation of a large number of neurons is generated in a small range, and epileptic onset is caused.
At present, the main methods for clinically treating the epileptic diseases comprise antiepileptic drug therapy and surgical excision of epileptic lesions. The antiepileptic drug can inhibit the prominent conduction of normal neurons while inhibiting epilepsy, thereby affecting the normal function of the brain; the operative treatment of epilepsy mostly adopts means of cutting or destroying diseased brain areas, and the like, so that the problems of susceptibility to wound, difficult postoperative recovery and the like caused by general large-scale operations exist, the patient can irreversibly and permanently lose the functions of the corresponding brain areas, and the operative cutting or destroying of epilepsy focuses at important functional areas can cause functional loss, such as memory, language ability, visual ability, sensory ability and the like. Thus, although some epilepsy can be treated by antiepileptic drug therapy and surgical excision of epilepsy focus, it brings more side effects.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an epilepsy therapeutic apparatus and a control method thereof, which are used for treating epilepsy and reducing the damage of epilepsy treatment to the brain nervous system.
The application provides an epilepsy therapeutic apparatus, which comprises an electroencephalogram monitoring module, a current perfusion module, an analysis and control module and a power supply module; wherein,
the electroencephalogram monitoring module comprises a plurality of potential detection electrodes with input ends arranged at different epileptic focus positions, a voltage amplification circuit is arranged corresponding to each potential detection electrode, and the output end of each potential detection electrode is connected with the input end of the voltage amplification circuit;
the current perfusion module comprises a plurality of direct current perfusion devices, each direct current perfusion device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a direct current micro-current generating device, the first electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current micro-current generating device, and the second electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current micro-current generating device;
the power supply module supplies power to the electroencephalogram monitoring module, the current perfusion module and the analysis and control module;
the output end of the voltage amplification circuit is connected with the input end of the analysis and control module, the analysis and control module analyzes the waveform output by the voltage amplification circuit, the analysis and control module is connected with the output end of the control module in a control mode, the direct current micro-current generation device outputs stable direct current micro-current when the waveform of the epileptic focus is normal, the analysis and control module controls the direct current perfusion device to output direct current blocking micro-current when the waveform of the epileptic focus is abnormal.
Optionally, in the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus, the dc micro-current generating device includes a dc micro-current switching circuit and at least two dc micro-current generating circuits; the direct current micro-current generating circuit is connected with the first electrode and the second electrode through the direct current micro-current switching circuit; the analysis and control module is connected with the direct current micro-current switching circuit in a control mode.
Optionally, in the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus, the dc micro-current generating device includes a digital-to-analog conversion circuit and a dc micro-current generating circuit, an analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit controls and connects the dc micro-current generating circuit to generate two or more dc micro-currents with different amplitudes, and the analyzing and controlling module controls and connects the digital-to-analog conversion circuit.
Optionally, in the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus, the dc micro-current generating circuit includes a first dc micro-current generating circuit and a second dc micro-current generating circuit.
Optionally, in the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus, the dc micro-current generating circuit is a constant current source circuit, a dc sine wave generating circuit or a dc square wave generating circuit.
Optionally, in the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus, once the waveform of any one of the epilepsy foci is abnormal, the analyzing and controlling module controls the dc perfusion device to output a dc blocking micro-current.
Based on the epilepsy therapy apparatus provided by the application, the application also provides an epilepsy therapy apparatus control method, and the method comprises the following steps:
controlling the direct current perfusion device to output stable direct current micro current;
acquiring an electroencephalogram signal detected by an electroencephalogram monitoring module, and analyzing the electroencephalogram signal;
when the electroencephalogram signal finds an epileptic waveform, controlling the direct current perfusion device to switch from outputting a stable direct current micro-current to outputting a direct current blocking micro-current;
and controlling the direct current perfusion device to switch from outputting direct current blocking micro current to stabilizing direct current micro current according to the set duration of the direct current blocking micro current.
Optionally, in the control method of the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus, controlling the dc perfusion device to switch from outputting the steady dc micro-current to outputting the dc blocking micro-current includes:
and controlling the direct current micro-current switching circuit, and selecting the direct current micro-current generating circuit to output direct current blocking micro-current.
Optionally, in the control method of the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus, the dc micro-current switching circuit is controlled, and the dc micro-current generating circuit is selected to output a dc blocking micro-current, which includes:
and controlling the direct current micro-current switching circuit to switch and select the first direct current micro-current generating circuit or the second direct current micro-current generating circuit.
Optionally, in the control method of the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus, controlling the dc perfusion device to switch from outputting the steady dc micro-current to outputting the dc blocking micro-current includes:
and controlling the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to switch the output analog signal, and selecting the direct current micro-current generation circuit to output direct current blocking micro-current.
According to the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus and the control method thereof, the direct-current perfusion device in the direct-current perfusion module is adopted to perfuse direct-current micro-current at the epilepsy focus. Specifically, the direct current perfusion device outputs direct current micro current through the direct current micro current generating device, and the direct current micro current acts on the epileptogenic focus through the first electrode and the second electrode, so that the treatment of the epileptic disease is realized. The electroencephalogram monitoring module detects electroencephalogram signals, the analysis and control module analyzes the detected electroencephalogram signals, when abnormal epileptic signals are detected, waveforms of epileptic foci are abnormal, the direct current micro-current generation device is controlled to adjust the size of output direct current micro-current, ion distribution of all epileptic foci is controlled, relatively large current is filled, when set direct current blocks micro-current duration, the direct current micro-current generation device is controlled to recover the output of original direct current micro-current.
According to the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus provided by the application, when an abnormal epilepsy signal is not detected, the direct-current micro-current generating device can always output a direct-current micro-current for adjusting the ion distribution at the epileptogenic focus, so that the long-term stable treatment of the direct-current micro-current is realized; when an abnormal epilepsia signal is detected, the direct current micro-current generating device is adjusted to increase the output direct current micro-current, so that the treatment of short-term direct current blocking micro-current is realized, and the neuron synchronous excitation and the epilepsia generation caused by the abnormal change of an extracellular fluid electric field caused by the abnormal change of a large amount of ion inflow caused by neuron excitation can be avoided. The application provides an epilepsia therapeutic instrument blocks little current therapy through the little current therapy of the direct current that stabilizes for a long time and short-term direct current and combines, and the seizure that restraines epilepsy that can be better promotes epileptic disease's treatment, and need not to destroy brain inner structure, also has the universality to the patient of epileptic focus location in important functional area.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an epilepsy therapy apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a voltage analyzing and controlling circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of another voltage analyzing and controlling circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a direct-current perfusion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a control method of an epileptic treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of an epilepsy therapy apparatus provided by the embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 1, the epilepsy therapy apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application includes an electroencephalogram monitoring module 1, a current perfusion module 2, an analysis and control module 3, and a power supply module 4. The electroencephalogram monitoring module 1 comprises one or more potential detection electrodes 11, a voltage amplification circuit 12 is arranged corresponding to each potential detection electrode 11, and the output end of each potential detection electrode 11 is connected with the input end of the voltage amplification circuit 12;
the current perfusion module 2 comprises one or more direct current perfusion devices, each direct current perfusion device comprises a first electrode 21, a second electrode 22 and a direct current micro-current generating device 23, the first electrode 21 is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current micro-current generating device 23, and the second electrode 22 is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current micro-current generating device 23.
The output end of the voltage amplifying circuit 12 is connected with the input end of the analysis and control module 3, and the output end of the analysis and control module 3 is connected with the direct current micro-current generating device 23 in a control mode.
The power module 4 supplies power to the electroencephalogram monitoring module 1, the current perfusion module 2 and the analysis and control module 3. The power supply module 4 includes a power supply circuit for supplying operating power to each unit circuit.
The potential detection electrode 11 is made of a material with high conductivity, good stability and biocompatibility, and is used for detecting electroencephalogram signals, for example, a silver material or a platinum-iridium alloy is additionally provided with insulation and a connecting wire. When in use, the potential detection electrode 11 is usually arranged near an epileptogenic focus and is used for detecting electroencephalogram signals around neurons near the epileptogenic focus. The number of the potential detection electrodes 11 is not particularly limited, and may be selected according to the number of epileptic foci in the epileptic treatment process.
The voltage amplifying circuit 12 may be a commercially available amplifying circuit, such as a single-conducting or multi-conducting physiological amplifier of the new company of beijing, which can amplify an electric signal of millivolts or microvolts by tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of times. The input end of the voltage amplifying circuit 12 is connected with the potential detection electrode 11, and the output end is connected with the input end of the analysis and control module 3. The potential detection electrode 11 transmits the detected electroencephalogram signal to the voltage amplification circuit 12, and the voltage amplification circuit 12 performs voltage amplification processing on the electroencephalogram signal detected by the potential detection electrode 11 so as to analyze the electroencephalogram signal by the analysis and control module 3.
The first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are also made of a material with high conductivity, good stability and biocompatibility, and are used for injecting current into the epileptic focus, for example, a silver material or platinum-iridium alloy is used, and an insulation and connection lead is added. The first electrode 21 is placed at the cerebral cortex of an epileptic focus, the second electrode 22 is usually placed at the deeper part of the brain where neurons are less distributed or near glial cells, the direct current micro-current generating device 23 is used for generating direct current micro-current, and the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are used for transmitting the direct current micro-current generated by the direct current micro-current generating device 23 out and forming a power-on loop. In the specific embodiment of the present application, the current generated by the dc micro-current generating device 23 flows into the epileptogenic focus via the first electrode 21, flows out via the second electrode 22, and finally returns to the dc micro-current generating device 23, so as to realize the continuous filling of the current at the epileptogenic focus.
The direct current micro-current generating device 23 is used for outputting direct current micro-current, and when the power module 4 supplies power to the current perfusion module, the direct current micro-current generating device 23 generates direct current micro-current. The direct-current micro-current generating device 23 comprises a plurality of direct-current micro-current generating circuits, the direct-current micro-current generating circuits are electrified to output direct-current micro-currents, and the generating circuits can be selected from constant-current source micro-currents, direct-current positive-sine wave micro-currents or direct-current square wave currents and the like.
The direct current micro-current generating device 23 can generate a stable direct current micro-current and a direct current blocking micro-current, the stable direct current micro-current is used for stabilizing the ion distribution near the epileptic focus and has small influence on the normal brain function, and the larger direct current blocking micro-current is used for blocking an abnormal excitation loop in the brain to ensure that a large amount of neurons can not be excited abnormally. Generally, a direct current blocking microcurrent is larger than a steady direct current microcurrent. When the epilepsy focus is normal, ions are distributed between the two electrodes in a relatively fixed mode, and more positive ions such as Na + are distributed near the epilepsy focus; when the electroencephalogram monitoring module of any epileptic focus monitors abnormal epileptic signals, the direct current output by the direct current perfusion device is increased, and the condition that the neuron is excited synchronously and finally the epilepsia is generated due to the fact that a large amount of ions flow in due to excitation of the neuron so that the extracellular liquid electric field is changed abnormally is avoided. Preferably, once the waveform of any epileptogenic focus is abnormal, the analysis and control module 3 controls the direct current perfusion device to output direct current blocking micro-current.
The quantity of direct current perfusion device can be selected according to the quantity of epileptic focus among the epilepsy treatment process, and this application does not do specifically and restricts. Generally, one direct current micro current generating device 23 and one first electrode 21 and second electrode 22 are provided for each direct current perfusion device.
The analysis and control module 3 can be realized by matching the existing electronic components, and can also realize the functions by adopting a microcomputer circuit. Fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of the analysis and control module 3 implemented by using a conventional electronic component, and fig. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram of the analysis and control module 3 implemented by using a microcomputer circuit.
When the analysis and control module 3 is implemented by using existing electronic components, as shown in fig. 2, it is composed of an integrated schmitt trigger, a not gate 1, a not gate 2, a capacitor C, a voltage control switch, a resistor and an integrated circuit timer (NE555), where the voltage control switch is composed of switches K1, K2, and K3 and corresponding relays M1, M2, and M3. The integrated Schmitt trigger can adopt CD4093, the function of the integrated Schmitt trigger is to realize voltage comparison, when the voltage is in a certain range, low voltage is output, otherwise, high voltage is output, the inverter 1 realizes voltage inversion, the capacitor C, the resistor R and the integrated circuit timer (NE555) form a monostable circuit to realize timing, the monostable circuit needs negative pulse triggering, and the inverter 2 realizes voltage V0 inversion. When the analysis and control module 3 is implemented by a microcomputer circuit, as shown in fig. 3, the single chip microcomputer operates specific software to complete the voltage analysis and control work, and control of the direct current micro-current generating device is realized. For further details, reference is made to fig. 2 and 3, which are not described in detail here.
The application provides an epilepsia therapeutic instrument adopts the direct current perfusion device among the direct current perfusion module to carry out the perfusion of the little current of epilepsy kitchen department direct current. Specifically, the direct current perfusion device outputs direct current micro current through the direct current micro current generation device 23, and the direct current micro current acts on an epileptogenic focus through the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22, so that treatment of epileptic diseases is realized. The electroencephalogram monitoring module 1 detects electroencephalogram signals, the analysis and control module 3 analyzes the detected electroencephalogram signals, when abnormal epileptic signals are detected, the direct current micro-current generating device 23 is controlled to adjust the size of output direct current micro-current, the ion distribution of all epileptic foci is controlled, relatively large current is filled, when the set direct current blocking micro-current duration time is up, the direct current micro-current generating device 23 is controlled to recover the output of original direct current micro-current. According to the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus provided by the application, when an abnormal epilepsy signal is not detected, the direct-current micro-current generating device 23 can always output a direct-current micro-current for adjusting the ion distribution at the epileptogenic focus, so that the long-term stable treatment of the direct-current micro-current is realized; when an abnormal epilepsia signal is detected, the direct current micro-current generating device 23 is adjusted to increase the output direct current micro-current, so that the treatment of short-term direct current blocking micro-current is realized, and the neuron synchronous excitation and the epilepsia generation caused by the abnormal change of an extracellular fluid electric field due to the fact that a large amount of ion inflow caused by neuron excitation does not occur. The application provides an epilepsia therapeutic instrument blocks little current therapy through the little current therapy of the direct current that stabilizes for a long time and short-term direct current and combines, can reduce the therapeutic instrument to the influence of normal brain function, the seizure that restraines epilepsy that can be better again promotes epileptic disease's treatment, and need not to destroy brain inner structure, also has the universality to the patient of epileptic focus location in important functional area.
In the present embodiment, the dc micro-current generating device 23 includes a dc micro-current switching circuit and at least two dc micro-current generating circuits, and the dc micro-current generating circuits are connected to the first electrode and the second electrode through the dc micro-current switching circuit; the analysis and control module 3 is connected with the direct current micro-current switching circuit in a control mode.
The direct current micro-current generating circuit is used for generating direct current micro-current, and the direct current micro-current switching circuit is used for selecting the direct current micro-current generating circuit according to an output command of the analysis and control module 3, so that the switching adjustment of the size of the direct current micro-current is realized. For example, the direct current micro-current generating circuit includes a first direct current micro-current generating circuit for outputting a steady direct current micro-current and a second direct current micro-current generating circuit for outputting a direct current blocking micro-current. Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a direct-current perfusion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 4, the analysis and control module 3 performs selection of the first dc micro-current generating circuit and the second dc micro-current generating circuit by controlling the switching dc micro-current switching circuit, thereby realizing switching between the stable dc micro-current and the dc blocking micro-current. The direct current micro-current generating circuits are not limited to the above examples, and the number of the direct current micro-current generating circuits can be selected and the size of the micro-current can be determined according to the size of the required direct current micro-current and the actual use requirement.
The dc micro-current generating device 23 may also include a digital-to-analog conversion circuit and a dc micro-current generating circuit, wherein the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit controls the dc micro-current generating circuit to generate two or more dc micro-currents with different amplitudes, and the analyzing and controlling module controls the digital-to-analog conversion circuit. The direct current micro-current generating circuit outputs corresponding direct current micro-current according to the received analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion circuit, the analysis and control module gives an analog signal output command to the digital-to-analog conversion circuit, and the analysis and control module controls the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to realize the control of the magnitude of the direct current micro-current.
The direct current micro-current generating circuit is a constant current source circuit, a direct current sine wave generating circuit or a direct current square wave generating circuit.
Based on the epilepsy therapy apparatus provided by the embodiment of the application, the embodiment of the application further provides an epilepsy therapy apparatus control method, as shown in fig. 5, the method comprises the following steps:
controlling the direct current perfusion device to output stable direct current micro current;
acquiring an electroencephalogram signal detected by an electroencephalogram monitoring module, and analyzing the electroencephalogram signal;
when the electroencephalogram signal finds an epileptic waveform, controlling the direct current perfusion device to switch from outputting a stable direct current micro-current to outputting a direct current blocking micro-current;
and controlling the direct current perfusion device to switch from outputting direct current blocking micro current to stabilizing direct current micro current according to the set duration of the direct current blocking micro current.
Furthermore, in the control method for an epilepsy therapy apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application, the controlling the dc perfusion device to switch from outputting the steady dc micro-current to outputting the dc blocking micro-current includes:
the digital-to-analog conversion circuit is controlled to switch the output analog signal, and the direct current micro-current generation circuit is controlled to output direct current blocking micro-current. Further, in the control method for an epilepsy therapy apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application, controlling the dc perfusion device to switch from outputting the steady dc micro-current to outputting the dc blocking micro-current includes:
and controlling the direct current micro-current switching circuit, and selecting the direct current micro-current generating circuit to output direct current blocking micro-current.
Furthermore, in the control method for the epilepsy therapeutic apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present application, the step of controlling the dc micro-current switching circuit and selecting the dc micro-current generating circuit to output the dc blocking micro-current includes:
and controlling the direct current micro-current switching circuit to switch and select the first direct current micro-current generating circuit or the second direct current micro-current generating circuit.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments, and the relevant points may be referred to the part of the description of the method embodiment. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.