技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于相变材料的回热器，还涉及使用该回热器的斯特林循环系统。The present invention relates to a regenerator based on a phase change material, and also relates to a Stirling cycle system using the regenerator.
背景技术Background technique
回热器是斯特林发动机、制冷机、电子设备冷却器等多种设备的核心换热部件。这些设备以气体为工质，按闭式回热循环方式进行工作。当工质气体吸热膨胀后，高温气流从热端流向冷端，回热器储存一部分气体热量于填料中；当工质放热压缩后，低温气流从冷端返回热端，回热器将储存的热量释放给低温气流，完成回热。回热器是一种可以提高设备整机效率的节能装置，使加热器和冷却器的工作负荷大大降低，其回热量是影响整机性能的关键参数。Regenerators are the core heat transfer components of Stirling engines, refrigerators, electronic equipment coolers and many other equipment. These devices use gas as the working fluid and work in a closed heat recovery cycle. When the working fluid absorbs heat and expands, the high-temperature airflow flows from the hot end to the cold end, and the regenerator stores a part of the gas heat in the packing; when the working fluid releases heat and compresses, the low-temperature airflow returns from the cold end to the hot end, and the regenerator will store The heat is released to the low-temperature airflow to complete the heat recovery. The regenerator is an energy-saving device that can improve the efficiency of the whole equipment, greatly reducing the workload of the heater and cooler, and its heat recovery is a key parameter that affects the performance of the whole machine.
为了提高回热器有效性，增大回热量，回热器应具有较大的热容量和良好的换热性能；此外，回热器通流容积要小，工质的流动阻力要小。以现有斯特林发动机回热器为例，其基本结构是在耐压容器中填充由多孔介质构成的基体，具有一定的孔隙率和比表面积。为了增强传热性能，增大回热量，传统回热器往往采用小孔隙率的多孔介质，以增大换热面积；但另一方面，为了减小回热器中工质流动阻力，回热器设计应选择孔隙率较大的基体。此外，现有的回热器还受限于材料比热容，为了增大回热量，需要采用大尺寸的回热器；但是，回热器尺寸过大，会导致死容积增加，造成整机效率下降。由此可见，现有回热器的设计存在工质流动和换热两者要求相矛盾的问题，而为了保证一定的整机效率、减小损失，决定了回热器尺寸不可过大，这也影响了现有回热器的换热性能和回热量受到限制。In order to improve the effectiveness of the regenerator and increase the heat recovery, the regenerator should have a large heat capacity and good heat transfer performance; in addition, the flow volume of the regenerator should be small, and the flow resistance of the working fluid should be small. Taking the existing Stirling engine regenerator as an example, its basic structure is to fill a pressure-resistant container with a matrix composed of porous media, which has a certain porosity and specific surface area. In order to enhance heat transfer performance and increase heat recovery, traditional regenerators often use porous media with small porosity to increase the heat exchange area; but on the other hand, in order to reduce the flow resistance of working fluid in the regenerator, The design of the device should choose a matrix with a large porosity. In addition, the existing regenerator is also limited by the specific heat capacity of the material. In order to increase the amount of regenerating heat, a large-sized regenerator is required; however, the size of the regenerator is too large, which will increase the dead volume and reduce the efficiency of the whole machine . It can be seen that the design of the existing regenerator has the problem of contradictory requirements for the flow of working fluid and heat exchange. In order to ensure a certain overall efficiency and reduce losses, the size of the regenerator is determined not to be too large. It also affects the heat exchange performance of the existing regenerator and the heat recovery capacity is limited.
回热器填料种类方面，具体来说传统的回热器一般采用耐热耐腐蚀的不锈钢制成的堆叠丝网、金属纤维、烧结金属等多孔介质作为回热器中的有效填料，采用金属显热蓄热的方式。但是，其蓄热能力常受限于材料比热容，蓄热密度不高，回热量有限，从而导致需要的回热器体积较大的问题。In terms of the types of regenerator fillers, specifically, traditional regenerators generally use porous media such as stacked wire mesh, metal fibers, and sintered metals made of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel as effective fillers in the regenerator. way of heat storage. However, its heat storage capacity is often limited by the specific heat capacity of the material, the heat storage density is not high, and the heat recovery is limited, which leads to the problem of a large regenerator volume.
相变胶囊是以相变材料为囊芯，以有机或无机聚合物、高分子和金属(合金)等为囊壁制成的一种颗粒状储能材料，具有较大的比热容和比表面积，换热和蓄热性能良好。关于相变胶囊的类型、制作工艺、特性和应用等，现有技术均有揭示，如参见Giro-Paloma J,Martínez M,Cabeza L F,et al.Types,methods,techniques,and applications formicroencapsulated phase change materials(MPCM):A review[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,53:1059-1075.。目前，相变胶囊的应用领域涉及航空航天、建筑、汽车、环境保护、纺织服装、医疗卫生等诸多领域，但在斯特林机、电子器件冷却领域中应用较少，未见将其用于回热器填料的在先文献。Phase change capsule is a granular energy storage material made of phase change material as the capsule core and organic or inorganic polymer, polymer and metal (alloy) as the capsule wall. It has a large specific heat capacity and specific surface area. Good heat transfer and heat storage performance. Regarding the type, manufacturing process, characteristics and applications of phase change capsules, the prior art has disclosed them, for example, see Giro-Paloma J, Martínez M, Cabeza L F, et al.Types, methods, techniques, and applications formicroencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM):A review[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,53:1059-1075. At present, the application field of phase change capsule involves many fields such as aerospace, construction, automobile, environmental protection, textile and clothing, medical and health, but it is rarely used in the field of Stirling machine and electronic device cooling. Prior literature on regenerator packing.
发明内容Contents of the invention
“相变材料”(PCM-Phase Change Material)是指随温度变化而改变物质状态并能提供潜热的物质。转变物理性质的过程称为相变过程，这时相变材料将吸收或释放大量的潜热。针对现有回热器的设计所存在的在控制回热器尺寸的同时回热效果受到限制的技术问题，本发明提出一种新的基于相变材料的回热器，将相变材料作为填料填充在回热器腔室中。在现有回热器的基础上结合相变材料储热原理，提高回热效率，明显减小回热器体积，显著提高整机效率。"Phase Change Material" (PCM-Phase Change Material) refers to a substance that changes its state of matter and provides latent heat as the temperature changes. The process of changing physical properties is called a phase change process, and the phase change material will absorb or release a large amount of latent heat at this time. Aiming at the technical problems existing in the design of existing regenerators that the heat recovery effect is limited while controlling the size of the regenerator, this invention proposes a new regenerator based on phase change materials, using phase change materials as fillers Filled in the regenerator chamber. On the basis of the existing regenerator, combined with the heat storage principle of phase change materials, the heat recovery efficiency is improved, the volume of the regenerator is significantly reduced, and the efficiency of the whole machine is significantly improved.
本发明提出的基于相变材料的回热器，包括壳体和填充在由壳体形成的腔室中的填料部分，所述腔室的一端为供高温气体工质流入的热端、另一端为供低温气体工质流入的冷端，所述高温气体工质和所述低温气体工质分别通过所述腔室的热端和冷端交替流经回热器的所述腔室。其中，所述填料部分包括由熔点不同的相变材料构成的多个相变部件；所述相变部件至少包括第一熔点相变部件和第二熔点相变部件，临近所述热端的第一熔点相变部件相对于临近所述冷端的第二熔点相变部件具有更高的熔点。The regenerator based on phase change materials proposed by the present invention includes a casing and a filler part filled in a cavity formed by the casing, one end of the cavity is a hot end for the high-temperature gas working fluid to flow into, and the other end is The cold end for the low-temperature gas working medium to flow in, the high-temperature gas working medium and the low-temperature gas working medium flow through the chamber of the regenerator alternately through the hot end and the cold end of the chamber respectively. Wherein, the filler part includes a plurality of phase change components made of phase change materials with different melting points; the phase change components include at least a first melting point phase change component and a second melting point phase change component, and the first melting point adjacent to the hot end The melting point phase change component has a higher melting point relative to a second melting point phase change component adjacent to the cold end.
本发明的基于相变材料的回热器中，所述多个相变部件的熔点温度沿所述热端向所述冷端的方向阶梯下降，以与流经该各个相变部件所在位置的气体工质的温度相匹配的方式设置。In the regenerator based on the phase change material of the present invention, the melting point temperature of the plurality of phase change components drops stepwise along the direction from the hot end to the cold end, so as to be compatible with the gas flowing through the position where each phase change component is located. The temperature of the working fluid is set in a way that matches.
本发明的基于相变材料的回热器中，所述相变部件由多个相变胶囊构成；所述相变胶囊包括囊芯和囊壁，所述囊芯为相变材料。In the phase change material-based regenerator of the present invention, the phase change component is composed of a plurality of phase change capsules; the phase change capsules include a capsule core and a capsule wall, and the capsule core is a phase change material.
本发明的基于相变材料的回热器中，所述回热器的腔室中设置丝网，对所述相变部件进行固定。In the regenerator based on the phase change material of the present invention, a wire mesh is arranged in the chamber of the regenerator to fix the phase change component.
本发明的基于相变材料的回热器中，所述壳体形成的腔室截面呈长方形、圆形、方形、蜂窝形或圆环形。In the phase change material-based regenerator of the present invention, the chamber formed by the shell has a rectangular, circular, square, honeycomb or circular cross-section.
本发明的基于相变材料的回热器中，所述腔室中还设置有搅拌器。In the phase change material-based regenerator of the present invention, the chamber is further provided with a stirrer.
本发明的基于相变材料的回热器中，所述囊芯包括无机类材料、有机类材料或两者的混合；其中，所述无机类材料选自于结晶水合盐、熔融盐、金属及合金的一种或多种；所述有机类材料选自于石蜡类、羧酸类、羧酸脂类、多元醇类、正烷醇类、糖醇类、聚醚类的一种或多种。In the regenerator based on phase change materials of the present invention, the capsule core includes inorganic materials, organic materials or a mixture of both; wherein the inorganic materials are selected from crystal hydrated salts, molten salts, metals and One or more alloys; the organic material is selected from one or more of paraffins, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, polyols, n-alkanols, sugar alcohols, and polyethers .
本发明的基于相变材料的回热器中，所述囊壁选自于合金材料、天然高分子材料、无机材料、全合成高分子材料或共聚物的一种或多种。In the regenerator based on phase change materials of the present invention, the capsule wall is selected from one or more of alloy materials, natural polymer materials, inorganic materials, fully synthetic polymer materials or copolymers.
本发明的基于相变材料的回热器中，所述相变胶囊包括微胶囊和大胶囊。In the regenerator based on phase change materials of the present invention, the phase change capsules include microcapsules and macrocapsules.
本发明还提出一种使用上述基于相变材料的回热器的斯特林循环系统，该斯特林循环系统还包括膨胀腔和压缩腔，所述回热器设置在所述膨胀腔和所述压缩腔之间，在膨胀腔处设置有加热器，在压缩腔处设置有冷却器；气体工质在所述膨胀腔内等温膨胀后，高温气体工质经过所述回热器流向所述压缩腔，气体工质在所述压缩腔内等温压缩后，低温气体工质经过所述回热器流向所述膨胀腔，进行闭式循环。The present invention also proposes a Stirling cycle system using the above-mentioned regenerator based on phase change materials, the Stirling cycle system also includes an expansion chamber and a compression chamber, and the regenerator is arranged between the expansion chamber and the Between the compression chambers, a heater is provided at the expansion chamber, and a cooler is provided at the compression chamber; after the gas working medium expands isothermally in the expansion chamber, the high-temperature gas working medium flows through the regenerator to the A compression chamber, after the gas working medium is isothermally compressed in the compression chamber, the low-temperature gas working medium flows to the expansion chamber through the regenerator to perform a closed cycle.
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:
本发明提出的回热器将相变材料作为填料进行回热，使得回热器能够利用相变材料发生相变时吸收或放出热量来实现能量的储存，具有良好的蓄热性能。本发明由于大幅提高回热器比热容，提高了单位质量(体积)的蓄热量，增强了回热器的工作性能。对于同样体积大小的回热器，本发明回热器由于具有更高的蓄热密度因此能够增加回热量，减小加热器负荷，提高发动机效率；在相同换热量的需求下，本发明能够明显减小回热器体积，从而减小死容积、降低流动阻力，进而提高整机效率。The regenerator proposed by the present invention uses the phase change material as a filler to regenerate heat, so that the regenerator can use the phase change material to absorb or release heat to realize energy storage, and has good heat storage performance. The invention greatly improves the specific heat capacity of the regenerator, improves the heat storage per unit mass (volume), and enhances the working performance of the regenerator. For regenerators with the same volume, the regenerator of the present invention can increase the regenerated heat due to its higher heat storage density, reduce the heater load, and improve engine efficiency; under the same demand for heat exchange, the present invention can Significantly reduce the volume of the regenerator, thereby reducing the dead volume and flow resistance, thereby improving the efficiency of the whole machine.
本发明的相变材料回热器，在针对气体工质的温度进一步设置相变材料的情况下，还能够控制回热器内部不同部位的温度分布，可以减少无益容积，降低由于外界吸热量变化(如太阳能)带来的波动。The phase-change material regenerator of the present invention can also control the temperature distribution of different parts inside the regenerator when the phase-change material is further provided for the temperature of the gas working medium, which can reduce the useless volume and reduce the amount of heat absorbed by the outside world. Volatility due to changes such as solar energy.
此外，回热器的工作条件极其恶劣，温度变化高达300℃/秒，热负荷、热应力都很大。本发明提出的回热器将相变材料作为填料利用潜热蓄热，回热器的蓄热、放热过程的温度更为稳定、近似等温，从而降低了回热器内部温度的波动，减小回热器的热疲劳损害。在实际工业应用中，本发明改进的回热器相对材料传统填料(如不锈钢材料)具有更长的工作寿命，能够降低生产成本。In addition, the working conditions of the regenerator are extremely harsh, the temperature change is as high as 300°C/s, and the thermal load and thermal stress are very large. The regenerator proposed by the present invention uses phase-change materials as fillers to store heat using latent heat, and the temperature of the heat storage and heat release process of the regenerator is more stable and approximately isothermal, thereby reducing the fluctuation of the internal temperature of the regenerator and reducing the temperature of the regenerator. Thermal fatigue damage of regenerators. In practical industrial applications, the improved regenerator of the present invention has a longer working life than traditional filler materials (such as stainless steel materials), and can reduce production costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明斯特林循环系统的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of Stirling cycle system of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例1相变胶囊的示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phase-change capsule according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例2基于相变材料的回热器的示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of a phase change material-based regenerator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例3基于相变材料的回热器的示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a regenerator based on phase change materials according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例4基于相变材料的回热器的示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of a phase change material-based regenerator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例5基于相变材料的回热器的示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a regenerator based on phase change materials according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:
1-相变胶囊；2-囊芯；3-囊壁；4-回热器壳体；5-丝网；6-搅拌器；7-冷却器；8-加热器；9-回热器；10-压缩腔；11-膨胀腔1-phase change capsule; 2-capsule core; 3-capsule wall; 4-regenerator shell; 5-wire mesh; 6-stirrer; 7-cooler; 8-heater; 9-regenerator; 10-compression cavity; 11-expansion cavity
具体实施方式Detailed ways
结合以下具体实施例和附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明。本发明的实现并不限于下述实施方式，在本领域技术人员所具备的知识范围内所采用的本发明技术构思下的各种变形、变换、组合和改进均属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be further described in detail in conjunction with the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The implementation of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications, transformations, combinations and improvements under the technical concept of the present invention adopted within the knowledge of those skilled in the art belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
以下首先分别对本发明涉及的回热器、斯特林循环系统及相变胶囊等结构和原理进行简单说明。The structures and principles of the regenerator, the Stirling cycle system and the phase change capsule involved in the present invention will be briefly described below.
(回热器和斯特林循环系统)(regenerator and Stirling cycle system)
图1示出斯特林循环系统的基本结构和气体工质的循环过程。如图所示，工质气体在膨胀腔11一端加热器8的作用下吸热膨胀，高温气流从回热器9的热端流向冷端，经过回热器9时将一部分气体热量储存于填料中；工质在压缩腔10一端冷却器7的作用下放热压缩，低温气流从冷端返回热端，在再次经过回热器9时回热器9将储存的热量释放给低温气流，完成回热。Figure 1 shows the basic structure of the Stirling cycle system and the cycle process of gas working medium. As shown in the figure, the working medium gas absorbs heat and expands under the action of the heater 8 at one end of the expansion chamber 11, and the high-temperature air flow flows from the hot end of the regenerator 9 to the cold end, and when passing through the regenerator 9, a part of the heat of the gas is stored in the filler ; The working medium releases heat and compresses under the action of the cooler 7 at one end of the compression chamber 10, and the low-temperature airflow returns to the hot end from the cold end. hot.
回热器9中，在回热器壳体4形成的腔室内含有相变胶囊1作为填料，相变胶囊1由囊芯2和囊壁3组成。囊芯2由相变材料制成。工作时，高温气流和低温气流交替流经回热器9，相变胶囊1储存高温气流热量，并释放给低温气流，完成回热。工质气体从回热器9的热端向冷端或是冷端向热端的流动过程中，为了实现将工质气体的热量储存在相变胶囊1中或是从相变胶囊1中吸收热量，在回热器腔室中不同工作温度区域中填充的是相变材料熔点不同的相变胶囊1。从而，流经不同工作温度区域时，气体工质与相变胶囊间的温度差能够引起相变胶囊进行相变，并实现热量在气体工质和相变胶囊之间进行转移。In the regenerator 9 , the cavity formed by the regenerator shell 4 contains a phase-change capsule 1 as filler, and the phase-change capsule 1 is composed of a capsule core 2 and a capsule wall 3 . The capsule core 2 is made of phase change material. During operation, the high-temperature airflow and the low-temperature airflow alternately flow through the regenerator 9, and the phase change capsule 1 stores the heat of the high-temperature airflow and releases it to the low-temperature airflow to complete the heat recovery. During the flow of the working medium gas from the hot end to the cold end of the regenerator 9 or from the cold end to the hot end, in order to store the heat of the working medium gas in the phase change capsule 1 or absorb heat from the phase change capsule 1 , the regenerator chamber is filled with phase change capsules 1 with different melting points of phase change materials in different working temperature regions. Therefore, when flowing through different working temperature regions, the temperature difference between the gas working medium and the phase change capsule can cause the phase change capsule to undergo phase change, and realize heat transfer between the gas working medium and the phase change capsule.
本发明回热器中，相变胶囊1放置于回热器壳体4形成的腔体中，利用相变蓄热，相对现有显热蓄热方式增强了回热器蓄热能力，提高整机效率，尤其适合应用于包括斯特林发动机在内的斯特林气体循环系统。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，只要将工业应用中的斯特林发动机、制冷机、电子设备冷却器等各类系统、设备中的储热器(如回热器)中填料替换为相变材料，更具体地例如是相变胶囊，均属于本发明意图提出的发明构思。在本说明书中提出的斯特林发动机的例子仅仅作为示意性举例，用于说明本发明回热器及使用该回热器的斯特林循环系统的可能的实现方式，而不应理解为是对发明保护范围的限制。In the regenerator of the present invention, the phase change capsule 1 is placed in the cavity formed by the regenerator shell 4, and the phase change heat storage is used to enhance the heat storage capacity of the regenerator compared with the existing sensible heat storage method, and improve the overall efficiency. Engine efficiency, especially suitable for Stirling gas cycle systems including Stirling engines. Those skilled in the art can understand that, as long as the filler in the heat storage (such as regenerator) in various systems and equipment such as Stirling engines, refrigerators, and electronic equipment coolers in industrial applications is replaced by phase change Materials, more specifically such as phase change capsules, belong to the inventive concept that the present invention intends to propose. The example of the Stirling engine proposed in this specification is only used as a schematic example to illustrate the possible implementation of the regenerator of the present invention and the Stirling cycle system using the regenerator, and should not be understood as Limitations on the scope of protection of inventions.
(相变胶囊)(Phase Change Capsule)
相变胶囊1由囊芯2和囊壁3组成，高温气流的热量经由囊壁3传递给囊芯2，使之吸热熔化，当低温气流流经回热器9时，囊芯2凝固放热，将热量释放给低温气流。本发明中作为回热器填料的相变胶囊1中，囊芯2由相变材料制成，并且囊芯2的熔点(即相变温度点)在回热器的工作温度范围内，所以当回热器正常工作时，囊芯2发生相变过程，用于储存和释放热量。回热器的工作温度范围，可以视回热器所应用的斯特林循环系统(例如斯特林发动机)及其应用环境具体确定；本领域技术人员能够理解的是，为了实现本发明回热器利用相变材料蓄热实现回热，需要采用熔点与回热器的工作温度匹配的相变材料(“匹配”是指，在高温或低温气体工质流经相变材料所在位置时，相变材料能够通过相变蓄热或放热)，并根据实际条件和需要合理选择具体的相变材料种类。在囊芯2为固体形态时，囊芯2和囊壁3之间留有空隙，用于囊芯熔化膨胀。The phase change capsule 1 is composed of a capsule core 2 and a capsule wall 3. The heat of the high-temperature air flow is transferred to the capsule core 2 through the capsule wall 3 to make it absorb heat and melt. When the low-temperature air flow flows through the regenerator 9, the capsule core 2 solidifies and discharges Heat, which releases heat to the low-temperature air flow. In the phase change capsule 1 used as regenerator filler in the present invention, the capsule core 2 is made of phase change material, and the melting point of the capsule core 2 (i.e. the phase transition temperature point) is within the working temperature range of the regenerator, so when When the regenerator works normally, the capsule core 2 undergoes a phase change process for storing and releasing heat. The operating temperature range of the regenerator can be specifically determined depending on the Stirling cycle system (such as a Stirling engine) applied to the regenerator and its application environment; The regenerator uses phase change material to store heat to realize heat recovery, and it is necessary to use a phase change material whose melting point matches the working temperature of the regenerator (“matching” means that when a high-temperature or low-temperature gas working fluid flows through the position of the phase change material, the phase change The specific phase change material type can be reasonably selected according to actual conditions and needs. When the capsule core 2 is in a solid state, there is a gap between the capsule core 2 and the capsule wall 3 for the capsule core to melt and expand.
进一步来说，适合用作本发明回热器的囊芯材料包括无机类材料和有机类材料，或是两者的混合。其中，无机类材料包括结晶水合盐、熔融盐、金属及合金；有机类材料包括石蜡类、羧酸类、羧酸脂类、多元醇类、正烷醇类、糖醇类和聚醚类。囊壁3用于分隔囊芯2和气流，保护囊芯2，并起到传递热量的作用。囊壁材料包括合金材料，如镍基合金、低碳钢、铌-锆合金钢；天然高分子材料，如阿拉伯胶、明胶、海藻酸钠；无机材料，如硼硅酸盐、二氧化硅、碳酸钙；全合成高分子材料，如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚脲、脲醛树脂；共聚物，如聚苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物。Further, the bladder core materials suitable for use in the regenerator of the present invention include inorganic materials and organic materials, or a mixture of the two. Among them, inorganic materials include crystal hydrated salts, molten salts, metals and alloys; organic materials include paraffins, carboxylic acids, carboxylic esters, polyols, n-alkanols, sugar alcohols and polyethers. The capsule wall 3 is used to separate the capsule core 2 from the air flow, protect the capsule core 2, and play the role of heat transfer. Capsule wall materials include alloy materials, such as nickel-based alloys, low-carbon steel, niobium-zirconium alloy steel; natural polymer materials, such as gum arabic, gelatin, sodium alginate; inorganic materials, such as borosilicate, silicon dioxide, Calcium carbonate; fully synthetic polymer materials, such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyurea, urea-formaldehyde resin; copolymers, such as polystyrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer.
通常，相变胶囊根据粒径可分为：纳胶囊(粒径<1μm)、微胶囊(1μm<粒径<1mm)、大胶囊(粒径>1mm)(张兴祥,王馨,吴文健.相变材料胶囊制备与应用[M].化学工业出版社,2009.)。本发明中用作回热器填料的相变胶囊的粒径可大于1mm，即，使用大胶囊作为填料，也可以是小于1mm的微胶囊。在不同固定方式下可以针对地采用不同粒径的相变胶囊。在一些实施方式中，将本发明回热器与丝网配合使用，此时参考丝网孔径对粒径进行选择，大致在10微米到1000微米量级(微胶囊)。在一些实施方式中，直接利用回热器的壳体固定相变胶囊，此时需要相对更大的胶囊直径，可达到毫米量级(大胶囊)。Generally, phase change capsules can be divided into nanocapsules (particle size<1μm), microcapsules (1μm<particle size<1mm), and macrocapsules (particle size>1mm) (Zhang Xingxiang, Wang Xin, Wu Wenjian. Preparation and application of variable material capsules [M]. Chemical Industry Press, 2009.). The particle size of the phase-change capsules used as regenerator fillers in the present invention can be larger than 1 mm, that is, large capsules are used as fillers, or microcapsules smaller than 1 mm. Phase-change capsules with different particle sizes can be used in different fixing ways. In some embodiments, the regenerator of the present invention is used in combination with a wire mesh, at this time, the particle size is selected with reference to the aperture of the wire mesh, which is approximately on the order of 10 microns to 1000 microns (microcapsules). In some embodiments, the shell of the regenerator is directly used to fix the phase-change capsule. In this case, a relatively larger diameter of the capsule is required, which can reach the order of millimeters (large capsule).
与传统的回热器堆叠丝网相比，本发明利用堆叠丝网中的空隙布置相变胶囊，将潜热蓄热应用于传统的显热蓄热中，增强了丝网回热器的蓄热能力，增大回热量，提高了整机效率。Compared with the traditional regenerator stacked wire mesh, the invention uses the gaps in the stacked wire mesh to arrange phase change capsules, applies latent heat storage to traditional sensible heat storage, and enhances the heat storage of the wire mesh regenerator capacity, increase the heat recovery, and improve the efficiency of the whole machine.
相变胶囊的制作工艺包括：细乳液聚合法、原位聚合法、溶胶-凝胶法、界面聚合法、自组装合成法、直接微乳液法、灌装法、电镀法等。本发明所提出的基于相变材料的回热器所采用的相变胶囊，根据现有的制备方法即制备可得。如美国阿贡国家重点实验室研发的Terrafore相变熔盐胶囊，采用化学气相沉积法进行制备，可获得粒径约为5mm的大胶囊。该相变胶囊用于太阳能热发电中，工作温度在300℃至500℃之间。The manufacturing process of phase change capsules includes: miniemulsion polymerization method, in-situ polymerization method, sol-gel method, interfacial polymerization method, self-assembly synthesis method, direct microemulsion method, filling method, electroplating method, etc. The phase change capsule used in the regenerator based on the phase change material proposed by the present invention can be prepared according to the existing preparation method. For example, the Terrafore phase-change molten salt capsule developed by the Argonne State Key Laboratory of the United States is prepared by chemical vapor deposition, and large capsules with a particle size of about 5mm can be obtained. The phase change capsule is used in solar thermal power generation, and the working temperature is between 300°C and 500°C.
在将本发明回热器应用于斯特林气体循环系统，例如斯特林发动机中的情况下，视实际工作条件所需制备熔点为相应工作温度的相变胶囊。由于回热器热端和冷端存在温差，温度梯度较大，因而，根据回热器内气体工质的温度分布，针对性地采用以不同熔点的相变材料作为囊芯的相变胶囊，使填充于回热器腔室内不同熔点的相变胶囊可在所处位置在对应的工作温度条件下实现相变过程，避免了由于具体位置的相变胶囊囊芯熔点与所流经的气体工质温度不对应，相变胶囊无法通过相变过程将高温气体工质的热量储存在囊芯或将热量释放给低温气体工质。具体来说，靠近回热器热端所填充的相变胶囊囊芯材料的熔点高于靠近回热器冷端所填充的相变胶囊囊芯材料的熔点。如此布置相变胶囊填料，本发明回热器充分利用相变胶囊进行蓄热，还能合理确定相变胶囊的填料量、减少无相变的相变胶囊数量，减小回热器的尺寸，提高回热器以及整机工作效率。In the case of applying the regenerator of the present invention to a Stirling gas cycle system, such as a Stirling engine, phase-change capsules with a melting point at a corresponding working temperature are prepared according to actual working conditions. Because there is a temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end of the regenerator, and the temperature gradient is large, therefore, according to the temperature distribution of the gas working fluid in the regenerator, phase change capsules with different melting points of phase change materials are used as capsule cores. The phase-change capsules filled in the regenerator chamber with different melting points can realize the phase-change process under the corresponding working temperature conditions, avoiding the difference between the melting point of the core of the phase-change capsule at the specific position and the process of the gas flowing through it. If the mass temperature does not correspond, the phase change capsule cannot store the heat of the high-temperature gas working medium in the capsule core or release the heat to the low-temperature gas working medium through the phase change process. Specifically, the melting point of the phase-change capsule core material filled near the hot end of the regenerator is higher than the melting point of the phase-change capsule core material filled near the cold end of the regenerator. By arranging phase-change capsule fillers in this way, the regenerator of the present invention makes full use of the phase-change capsules for heat storage, and can also reasonably determine the filling amount of phase-change capsules, reduce the number of phase-change capsules without phase-change, and reduce the size of the regenerator. Improve the working efficiency of the regenerator and the whole machine.
(回热器的壳体结构)(shell structure of regenerator)
在一些实施方式中，本发明提出的基于相变材料填料的回热器，其壳体4为扁平的长方体形状，壳体高度与相变胶囊外径大致相等，将一层相变胶囊1固定在壳体4形成的腔室中。固定是指，在斯特林循环过程中，由于回热器壳体4的结构和形状限制、以及相变胶囊本身的流动性所限，相变胶囊填料将停留在回热器壳体所形成的腔室中，而不会离开腔室进入其它区域。In some embodiments, the regenerator based on phase-change material filler proposed by the present invention has a shell 4 in the shape of a flat cuboid, and the height of the shell is approximately equal to the outer diameter of the phase-change capsule, and a layer of phase-change capsule 1 is fixed In the cavity formed by the housing 4. Fixed means that during the Stirling cycle, due to the structural and shape limitations of the regenerator shell 4 and the fluidity of the phase change capsule itself, the phase change capsule filler will stay in the regenerator shell formed chamber without leaving the chamber to enter other areas.
举例来说，作为闭式气体循环的开始，高温气流先从回热器9热端一侧进入回热器9并流经相变胶囊1，在高温气流影响下，囊芯材料熔点相对较低由固态转为熔融态，利用芯材的潜热储存大量热量。这一过程中，高温气流也使囊壁3温度升高，由于囊壁材料熔点远高于高温气流因此保持固态，另外囊壁材料热导率较高，高温气流所携带的热量能够很好地传给囊芯2。随后，当低温气流从冷端进入回热器9后，囊壁温度降低并仍保持固态，而囊芯2转变为热源向囊壁3和外界传热，囊芯材料由熔融态转为固态，释放出芯材储存的大量潜热至低温气流，使其温度升高。For example, as the beginning of the closed gas cycle, the high-temperature gas flow first enters the regenerator 9 from the hot end side of the regenerator 9 and flows through the phase change capsule 1. Under the influence of the high-temperature gas flow, the melting point of the capsule core material is relatively low From solid state to molten state, the latent heat of the core material is used to store a large amount of heat. During this process, the high-temperature airflow also increases the temperature of the capsule wall 3. Because the melting point of the capsule wall material is much higher than that of the high-temperature airflow, it remains solid. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the capsule wall material is relatively high, so the heat carried by the high-temperature airflow can be well Pass to capsule core 2. Subsequently, when the low-temperature air flow enters the regenerator 9 from the cold end, the temperature of the capsule wall decreases and remains solid, while the capsule core 2 turns into a heat source to transfer heat to the capsule wall 3 and the outside, and the capsule core material changes from a molten state to a solid state. A large amount of latent heat stored in the core material is released to the low-temperature airflow to increase its temperature.
在一些实施方式中，回热器壳体4可以为长方体以外的其它各种形状，壳体截面包括呈现为圆形、方形、蜂窝形或圆环形等，取决于应用回热器的设备本身的结构及工作过程、工作目的。与前述实施方式类似，将相变胶囊1放置于回热器壳体4形成的腔室中，根据回热器腔室的形状、大小等或是出于进一步提高回热效率的考虑，相变胶囊的固定方式在原先的回热器壳体直接固定的基础上可进一步采用使用多层丝网5固定。例如，毎两层丝网5夹持一层相变胶囊1，此时可以采用粒径大于1mm的大胶囊，其大于丝网孔径的直径。气流经由丝网5进入回热器壳体4形成的腔体中，并与相变胶囊1进行换热，再由另一侧的丝网流出。在一些实施方式中，圆筒形、方形、蜂窝形壳体主要应用在α型斯特林发动机中。在一些实施方式中，如在β型和γ型斯特林发动机中，回热器9往往采用圆环形壳体，壳体4包括内外双层结构，内层壳体中是活塞和气缸结构，相变胶囊1放置于回热器9内层和外层之间的气流通道内。In some embodiments, the regenerator shell 4 can be in various shapes other than a cuboid, and the cross section of the shell includes circular, square, honeycomb, or circular rings, etc., depending on the equipment to which the regenerator is applied. structure, work process, and work purpose. Similar to the foregoing embodiments, the phase-change capsule 1 is placed in the chamber formed by the regenerator shell 4, and the phase-change capsule 1 is placed according to the shape, size, etc. On the basis of the direct fixing of the original regenerator shell, the fixing method can be further fixed by using multi-layer wire mesh 5 . For example, every two layers of screen 5 clamp one deck of phase-change capsule 1, at this moment can adopt the large capsule of particle diameter greater than 1mm, and it is larger than the diameter of screen aperture. The air flow enters the cavity formed by the regenerator shell 4 through the wire mesh 5 , exchanges heat with the phase change capsule 1 , and then flows out through the wire mesh on the other side. In some embodiments, cylindrical, square, honeycomb housings are primarily used in alpha Stirling engines. In some embodiments, such as in β-type and γ-type Stirling engines, the regenerator 9 often adopts a circular shell, and the shell 4 includes an inner and outer double-layer structure, and the inner shell is a piston and cylinder structure , the phase change capsule 1 is placed in the air passage between the inner layer and the outer layer of the regenerator 9 .
回热器壳体4内的空腔内全部用于布置相变胶囊1，可以更大程度地增加回热器蓄热量和回热量。此时丝网5仅设置于回热器壳体4形成的腔室两端，防止相变胶囊随着气流流出回热器。相变胶囊1的粒径应大于丝网孔径，并且采用不同囊芯或囊壁材料的相变胶囊的粒径可以不等，用于调整回热器整体孔隙率，满足不同的流动和换热需要。All the cavities in the regenerator housing 4 are used for arranging the phase-change capsules 1, which can increase the stored heat and the regenerated heat of the regenerator to a greater extent. At this time, the wire mesh 5 is only arranged at both ends of the chamber formed by the regenerator shell 4 to prevent the phase change capsules from flowing out of the regenerator along with the airflow. The particle size of the phase-change capsule 1 should be larger than the pore size of the wire mesh, and the particle size of the phase-change capsule with different core or wall materials can be different, which is used to adjust the overall porosity of the regenerator to meet different flow and heat transfer need.
在一些实施方式中，丝网5和回热器壳体4形成的空腔还设置有提高气体工质流动的搅拌机构，例如搅拌器6(更具体地可以是垂直式风机)。在一些实施方式中，搅拌器叶片为翼型，当气流吹过时，在升力作用下发生旋转运动，对相变胶囊1进行搅拌，增大相变胶囊表面气流流速，增强胶囊外壳与气流的对流换热速度和效果，增大回热器蓄热量和回热量。In some embodiments, the cavity formed by the wire mesh 5 and the regenerator shell 4 is also provided with a stirring mechanism to improve the flow of the gas working medium, such as the stirrer 6 (more specifically, it may be a vertical fan). In some embodiments, the agitator blade is an airfoil, and when the airflow blows through, it rotates under the action of the lift force to stir the phase change capsule 1, increase the airflow velocity on the surface of the phase change capsule, and enhance the convection between the capsule shell and the airflow The speed and effect of heat exchange increase the heat storage and return heat of the regenerator.
实施例1Example 1
如图2所示，相变胶囊1包括囊芯2和囊壁3两部分。囊芯2由相变材料制成，在回热器工作温度范围内发生相变过程，即高温气流温度大于囊芯相变材料熔点，低温气流小于囊芯相变材料熔点，用于储存和释放热量。囊壁3用于分隔囊芯和气流，保护囊芯，并起到传递热量的作用。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，本发明用于实现潜热换热的回热器的填料，主要利用相变材料的潜热性能。也就是说，用作填料的相变材料的结构并不限定于相变胶囊，而只要能够实现高温和低温工质气体循环流经回热器完成换热过程即可。As shown in FIG. 2 , the phase change capsule 1 includes two parts: a capsule core 2 and a capsule wall 3 . The capsule core 2 is made of phase-change material, and the phase-change process occurs within the working temperature range of the regenerator, that is, the temperature of the high-temperature airflow is higher than the melting point of the phase-change material of the capsule core, and the temperature of the low-temperature airflow is lower than the melting point of the phase-change material of the capsule core, which is used for storage and release heat. The capsule wall 3 is used to separate the capsule core from the air flow, protect the capsule core, and transfer heat. Those skilled in the art can understand that the filler used in the regenerator for latent heat exchange in the present invention mainly utilizes the latent heat performance of the phase change material. That is to say, the structure of the phase-change material used as filler is not limited to the phase-change capsule, as long as the high-temperature and low-temperature working medium gas can be circulated through the regenerator to complete the heat exchange process.
当高温气流流经相变胶囊1时，高温气流的热量经由囊壁3传递给囊芯2，使之吸热熔化；当低温气流流经相变胶囊1时，囊芯2凝固放热，将热量释放给低温气流，完成回热。本领域的普通技术人员知道，相比于普通的显热蓄热，单位质量或体积的相变材料通过潜热蓄热可以储存的热量更多；根据有关文献，显热储热密度约为50kW·h/m3，潜热储热密度约为100kW·h/m3，即潜热储热密度约为显热的两倍。因而，对于同样的回热量需求，本发明通过采用相变材料或更具体地采用相变胶囊的形式作为回热器填料，可以将回热器的体积比现有的丝网回热器减少50％左右，从而系统中死容积也相应显著减少，进而减少了流阻损失，提高整机效率。When the high-temperature airflow flows through the phase-change capsule 1, the heat of the high-temperature airflow is transferred to the capsule core 2 through the capsule wall 3, making it absorb heat and melt; when the low-temperature airflow flows through the phase-change capsule 1, the capsule core 2 solidifies and releases heat, and the The heat is released to the low-temperature air flow to complete the heat recovery. Those of ordinary skill in the art know that compared to ordinary sensible heat storage, phase change materials per unit mass or volume can store more heat through latent heat storage; according to relevant literature, the sensible heat storage density is about 50kW· h/m3 , the latent heat storage density is about 100kW·h/m3 , that is, the latent heat storage density is about twice the sensible heat. Therefore, for the same heat recovery requirement, the present invention can reduce the volume of the regenerator by 50% compared with the existing wire mesh regenerator by using the phase change material or more specifically the form of phase change capsules as the regenerator filler. %, so that the dead volume in the system is also significantly reduced, thereby reducing the loss of flow resistance and improving the efficiency of the whole machine.
以某100W斯特林发动机回热器为例，采用氦气为工质，转速为800r/min，工作压力2MPa，热端温度771K，冷端温度286K，采用现有方法将丝网为回热器填料时，回热器筒体长度29mm，通过SIMPLE程序得到斯特林发动机输出功为86.7W，流阻损失为17.2W。而将本发明相变材料回热器应用于上述斯特林发动机，不但筒体长度减少为14.5mm，而其输出功增大为104.1W，流阻损失减少为8.8W。可见，与现有回热器相比，应用本发明基于相变材料的回热器一方面明显减小了回热器体积，另一方面还获得减少流阻损失、大幅提高输出功的有益效果。Taking a 100W Stirling engine regenerator as an example, helium is used as the working medium, the speed is 800r/min, the working pressure is 2MPa, the temperature of the hot end is 771K, and the temperature of the cold end is 286K. When the regenerator is filled, the length of the regenerator cylinder is 29mm, and the output power of the Stirling engine is 86.7W and the flow resistance loss is 17.2W through the SIMPLE program. However, when the phase change material regenerator of the present invention is applied to the Stirling engine, not only the cylinder length is reduced to 14.5mm, but the output power is increased to 104.1W, and the flow resistance loss is reduced to 8.8W. It can be seen that compared with the existing regenerators, the application of the regenerator based on the phase change material of the present invention significantly reduces the volume of the regenerator on the one hand, and on the other hand obtains the beneficial effects of reducing the loss of flow resistance and greatly increasing the output work .
实施例2Example 2
如图3所示，回热器壳体4为扁平的长方体形状，高度与相变胶囊外径相等，固定一层相变胶囊1，相变胶囊1一般为粒径大于1mm的大胶囊，便于固定。回热器壳体4内为气流通道，高温气流首先从回热器壳体一侧进入回热器并流经相变胶囊1，囊壁3温度升高，由于囊壁材料熔点远高于高温气流所以保持固态，又由于囊壁材料热导率较高，高温气流热流温度能够很好地传给囊芯2，囊芯材料一般熔点相对较低，且低于高温气流温度，所以在高温气流影响下，囊芯材料由固态转为熔融态，用芯材的潜热储存大量热量。紧接着当低温气流进入回热器结构后，囊壁3温度降低，且保持固态，此时，囊芯2变为热源，向囊壁3和外界传热，囊芯材料由熔融态转为固态，释放出芯材储存的大量潜热。As shown in Figure 3, the regenerator shell 4 is a flat rectangular parallelepiped shape, the height is equal to the outer diameter of the phase change capsule, and a layer of phase change capsule 1 is fixed. The phase change capsule 1 is generally a large capsule with a particle diameter greater than 1mm, which is convenient fixed. The regenerator shell 4 is an air flow channel. The high-temperature air first enters the regenerator from the side of the regenerator shell and flows through the phase change capsule 1. The temperature of the capsule wall 3 rises. Because the melting point of the capsule wall material is much higher than the high temperature The airflow remains solid, and because the thermal conductivity of the wall material is high, the heat flow temperature of the high-temperature airflow can be well transmitted to the capsule core 2. Generally, the melting point of the core material is relatively low and lower than the temperature of the high-temperature airflow. Under the influence, the capsule core material changes from a solid state to a molten state, and uses the latent heat of the core material to store a large amount of heat. Immediately after the low-temperature airflow enters the regenerator structure, the temperature of the capsule wall 3 decreases and remains solid. At this time, the capsule core 2 becomes a heat source, transferring heat to the capsule wall 3 and the outside, and the capsule core material changes from a molten state to a solid state. , releasing a large amount of latent heat stored in the core material.
实施例3Example 3
如图4所示，回热器壳体形状为圆筒形、方形、蜂窝形或圆环形，也就是回热器壳体形成的腔室的截面形状为圆形、方形、蜂窝形或圆环形。相变胶囊1放置于回热器的壳体4形成的腔室中，其固定方式由原先的回热器壳体4直接固定改为多层丝网5固定，毎两层丝网夹持一层相变胶囊1，相变胶囊一般为粒径大于1mm的大胶囊。气流经由丝网5进入回热器壳体4形成的腔体中，并与相变胶囊1进行换热，再由另一侧的丝网流出。具体来说，圆筒形、方形、蜂窝形壳体主要应用在α型斯特林发动机中。但在β型和γ型斯特林发动机中，往往采用圆环形壳体，此时壳体4包括内外两层结构，可在内层壳体的外部(即圆环内部空间区域)设置活塞和气缸结构，而相变胶囊1放置于回热器内层和外层之间形成的中间的气流通道内。As shown in Figure 4, the shape of the regenerator shell is cylindrical, square, honeycomb or circular, that is, the cross-sectional shape of the chamber formed by the regenerator shell is circular, square, honeycomb or circular. ring. The phase-change capsule 1 is placed in the cavity formed by the shell 4 of the regenerator, and its fixing method is changed from the direct fixation of the original regenerator shell 4 to the multi-layer wire mesh 5, and each two layers of wire mesh clamp a Layer phase change capsule 1, the phase change capsule is generally a large capsule with a particle diameter greater than 1 mm. The air flow enters the cavity formed by the regenerator shell 4 through the wire mesh 5 , exchanges heat with the phase change capsule 1 , and then flows out through the wire mesh on the other side. Specifically, cylindrical, square, and honeycomb shells are mainly used in α-type Stirling engines. However, in β-type and γ-type Stirling engines, an annular shell is often used. At this time, the shell 4 includes an inner and outer two-layer structure, and a piston can be arranged outside the inner shell (that is, the inner space area of the ring). And the cylinder structure, and the phase change capsule 1 is placed in the middle air flow channel formed between the inner layer and the outer layer of the regenerator.
以某100W斯特林发动机为例，采用氦气为工质，转速为800r/min，工作压力2MPa，回热器热端为771K，冷端为286K存在温差，温度梯度较大。因而，将回热器腔室内的工作温度分布划分为五个区段，第一工作温度区域至第五工作温度区域分别为286-385K、386-485K、486-585K、586-685K以及686-771K。相应地，对相变胶囊对应工作温度采用不同熔点的囊芯材料，在第一工作温度区域填充的相变胶囊的囊芯材料的熔点例如为200K，第二工作温度区域熔点例如为300K，第三工作温度区域熔点例如为400K，第四工作温度区域熔点例如为500K，第五工作温度区域熔点例如为600K。在气体工质流经相变胶囊时，引起相变胶囊发生相变过程并相应地储热或放热，由此回热器能够充分利用相变胶囊的蓄热能力，减少无法发生相变的相变胶囊数量，合理控制填料量，提高回热器效率。Taking a 100W Stirling engine as an example, helium is used as the working fluid, the speed is 800r/min, the working pressure is 2MPa, the hot end of the regenerator is 771K, and the cold end is 286K. There is a temperature difference and a large temperature gradient. Therefore, the working temperature distribution in the regenerator chamber is divided into five sections, the first working temperature zone to the fifth working temperature zone are 286-385K, 386-485K, 486-585K, 586-685K and 686- 771K. Correspondingly, capsule core materials with different melting points are used for the corresponding working temperature of the phase-change capsule. The melting point of the capsule core material of the phase-change capsule filled in the first working temperature zone is, for example, 200K, and the melting point of the second working temperature zone is, for example, 300K. The melting point of the third working temperature range is, for example, 400K, the melting point of the fourth working temperature range is, for example, 500K, and the melting point of the fifth working temperature range is, for example, 600K. When the gas working medium flows through the phase change capsule, it will cause the phase change capsule to undergo a phase change process and store or release heat accordingly, so that the regenerator can make full use of the heat storage capacity of the phase change capsule and reduce the failure of the phase change capsule. The number of phase change capsules can be reasonably controlled to increase the efficiency of the regenerator.
作为对比的例子，仍采用相变胶囊为回热器填料，但是对于各个不同工作温度区域均采用相同熔点的囊芯材料，由于气体工质温度与囊芯熔点不一致使得在五个区段中仅其中之一的相变胶囊能够基本发生相变，而其它工作温度区域中仍为显热储热方式。按照显热储热密度约为50kW·h/m3、潜热储热密度约为100kW·h/m3进行如下式的计算，这里所述对比实施方式的回热器的储热量相对现有完全显热储热的回热器，提高了20％。As a comparative example, the phase change capsule is still used as the regenerator filler, but the capsule core material with the same melting point is used for each different working temperature region. Due to the inconsistency between the temperature of the gas working medium and the melting point of the capsule core, only One of the phase change capsules can basically undergo phase change, while the other working temperature regions still use sensible heat storage. According to the calculation of the following formula according to the sensible heat storage density of about 50kW·h/m3 and the latent heat storage density of about 100kW·h/m3 , the heat storage capacity of the regenerator in the comparative embodiment described here is relatively complete Sensible heat storage regenerator, increased by 20%.
而在每一段工作区域中都分别采用与该段温区的对应囊芯熔点的相变胶囊，则储热量可大大提高50％。And in each section of the working area, phase change capsules corresponding to the melting point of the capsule core in the temperature section are used respectively, and the heat storage can be greatly increased by 50%.
此外，通过调整相变胶囊囊芯、囊壁的种类，相变胶囊的尺寸，或是采用某些制备工艺等，能够得到适应于不同于上述工作条件和换热量要求的相变材料回热器。In addition, by adjusting the types of the core and wall of the phase change capsule, the size of the phase change capsule, or using certain preparation techniques, it is possible to obtain a phase change material that is different from the above-mentioned working conditions and heat transfer requirements. device.
实施例4Example 4
如图5所示，将相变胶囊1充分填充回热器壳体内的空腔，仅在回热器壳体4两端(也就是气体工质流经回热器腔室的出口和进口)布置丝网5，防止相变胶囊1随着工质的气流流出回热器9。相变胶囊1的粒径应大于丝网5孔径，不同相变胶囊1的粒径可以不等，用于调整相变胶囊回热器整体孔隙率，满足不同的流动和换热需要。还可以将回热器壳体内部丝网全部以相变胶囊代替，由于相变胶囊热容比丝网材料不锈钢要高很多，因此在全部采用相变胶囊作为填料的情况下，同样体积的回热器可以储存更多的热量。As shown in Figure 5, fully fill the cavity in the regenerator shell with the phase change capsule 1, only at both ends of the regenerator shell 4 (that is, the gas working medium flows through the outlet and inlet of the regenerator chamber) The wire mesh 5 is arranged to prevent the phase change capsule 1 from flowing out of the regenerator 9 along with the air flow of the working fluid. The particle size of the phase change capsule 1 should be larger than the pore size of the wire mesh 5, and the particle size of different phase change capsules 1 can be different, which is used to adjust the overall porosity of the phase change capsule regenerator to meet different flow and heat exchange needs. It is also possible to replace all the wire mesh inside the regenerator shell with phase-change capsules. Since the heat capacity of phase-change capsules is much higher than that of stainless steel wire mesh, when all phase-change capsules are used as fillers, the same volume of regenerators Heaters can store more heat.
此外，相变胶囊1也可以是小于1mm的微胶囊，随机分布于丝网5的空隙之中，此时丝网层与层之间的间隙减小，接近于堆叠丝网。由于相变胶囊1粒径减小，比表面积增大，进一步提高了换热量。与传统的回热器堆叠丝网相比，这样的实施方式利用了堆叠丝网中的空隙布置相变胶囊1，将潜热蓄热与传统显热蓄热结合，增强了丝网回热器的蓄热能力，增大回热量，并能减小回热器尺寸，从而提高整机效率。In addition, the phase-change capsules 1 can also be microcapsules smaller than 1 mm, randomly distributed in the gaps of the screen 5, at this time, the gap between the screen layers is reduced, close to the stacked screen. Since the particle size of the phase change capsule 1 is reduced, the specific surface area is increased, which further improves the heat transfer. Compared with the traditional stacked wire mesh regenerator, such an embodiment utilizes the gaps in the stacked wire mesh to arrange phase change capsules 1, combines latent heat storage with traditional sensible heat storage, and enhances the performance of the wire mesh regenerator. The heat storage capacity can increase the amount of regenerated heat, and can reduce the size of the regenerator, thereby improving the efficiency of the whole machine.
实施例5Example 5
如图6所示，在丝网5和回热器壳体4形成的空腔中还设置有搅拌器6(更具体的可以是垂直轴风力机)，搅拌器叶片为翼型，当气流吹过时，在升力作用下，搅拌器发生旋转运动，搅拌相变胶囊1，由于相变胶囊被带动运动，使得相变胶囊1表面的气流流速增大，增强了囊壳(指相变胶囊的表面)与气流的对流换热，增大回热器蓄热量和回热量。该实施方式有助于减少回热器的体积。As shown in Figure 6, an agitator 6 (more specifically, a vertical axis wind turbine) is also provided in the cavity formed by the wire mesh 5 and the regenerator housing 4, and the agitator blade is an airfoil, and when the airflow blows Outdated, under the effect of lift force, the agitator rotates and stirs the phase change capsule 1. Since the phase change capsule is driven to move, the air flow velocity on the surface of the phase change capsule 1 is increased, and the capsule shell (referring to the surface of the phase change capsule) is strengthened. ) and the convective heat exchange of the airflow, increasing the heat storage and return heat of the regenerator. This embodiment helps to reduce the volume of the regenerator.
同样地，为了实现相变材料(相变胶囊)在回热器腔室中的流动，增大相变材料与气体工质换热的比表面积，提高换热效率，也可在前述回热器结构基础上进一步设置转动机构，令回热器在系统中以轴向转动方式运动，同样实现上述目的。Similarly, in order to realize the flow of the phase change material (phase change capsule) in the regenerator chamber, increase the specific surface area of the heat exchange between the phase change material and the gas working medium, and improve the heat exchange efficiency, it can also be used in the aforementioned regenerator On the basis of the structure, a rotating mechanism is further provided to make the regenerator move in an axial rotation manner in the system, and the above-mentioned purpose is also achieved.
以上对本发明所提供的基于相变材料作为填料的回热器进行了详细说明。对本领域的一般技术人员而言，在不背离本发明实质精神的前提下对它所做的任何显而易见的改动，都将属于本发明专利权的保护范围。The regenerator based on the phase change material as filler provided by the present invention has been described in detail above. For those skilled in the art, any obvious changes made to it without departing from the essential spirit of the present invention will fall within the protection scope of the patent right of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810205728.6ACN110273779A (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2018-03-13 | Regenerator and stirling cycle system based on phase-change material |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810205728.6ACN110273779A (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2018-03-13 | Regenerator and stirling cycle system based on phase-change material |
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| CN110273779Atrue CN110273779A (en) | 2019-09-24 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810205728.6APendingCN110273779A (en) | 2018-03-13 | 2018-03-13 | Regenerator and stirling cycle system based on phase-change material |
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