技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种模拟硫污染下沟渠中水-底泥系统温室气体分布的实验装置及其方法，属于环境保护系统领域。The invention relates to an experimental device and a method for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in a water-sediment system in a ditch under sulfur pollution, and belongs to the field of environmental protection systems.
背景技术Background technique
温室效应会导致全球温度升高，海平面上升和极端气候频发等一系列严重后果。稻田生态系统是大气中的CO2、CH4、N2O的重要排放源，对全球变暖具有十分显著的贡献。目前对于稻田生态系统中温室气体的直接排放即稻田土壤中温室气体的排放已有大量的研究，但对于稻田生态系统中温室气体的间接排放如周边沟渠中温室气体的排放研究较少；尤其在稻田大量施用硫肥等肥料的背景下，沟渠上覆水-底泥系统中温室气体的释放规律研究更是少有。The greenhouse effect will lead to a series of serious consequences such as global temperature rise, sea level rise and frequent occurrence of extreme weather. Rice field ecosystem is an important emission source of CO2 , CH4 , and N2 O in the atmosphere, and has a very significant contribution to global warming. At present, there has been a lot of research on the direct emission of greenhouse gases in the rice field ecosystem, that is, the emission of greenhouse gases in the paddy soil, but there are few studies on the indirect emission of greenhouse gases in the rice field ecosystem, such as the emission of greenhouse gases in the surrounding ditches; especially in Under the background of large-scale application of sulfur fertilizer and other fertilizers in paddy fields, there are few studies on the release law of greenhouse gases in the water-sediment system overlying ditches.
稻田排水沟渠作为稻田生态系统的重要组成部分，是汇集、输运稻田灌溉(降雨径流)退水、排涝以及营养物质的重要生态廊道；其亦是温室气体的重要排放源。有必要研究硫肥等肥料输入背景下，稻田沟渠系统中温室气体的分布特征，才能更进一步深入的研究其释放规律。目前，现有的测量温室气体的装置均不能定量研究硫污染下温室气体的浓度，难以研究温室气体在不同空间深度的分布特征，因此，亟待提出一种模拟硫污染下沟渠中水-底泥系统温室气体分布的实验装置。As an important part of the rice field ecosystem, the rice field drainage ditch is an important ecological corridor for collecting and transporting water from rice field irrigation (rainfall runoff), drainage and nutrients; it is also an important emission source of greenhouse gases. It is necessary to study the distribution characteristics of greenhouse gases in the paddy field ditch system under the background of sulfur fertilizer and other fertilizer input, so as to further study the release law. At present, none of the existing devices for measuring greenhouse gases can quantitatively study the concentration of greenhouse gases under sulfur pollution, and it is difficult to study the distribution characteristics of greenhouse gases at different spatial depths. Experimental setup for system greenhouse gas distribution.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对上述存在的问题，提供一种模拟硫污染下沟渠中水-底泥系统温室气体分布的实验装置及其方法，实现硫不同浓度和输入频率下，上覆水-底泥系统中不同深度温室气体的取样。The purpose of the present invention is to address the above existing problems, to provide an experimental device and method for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in the water-sediment system in ditches under sulfur pollution, and to realize the overlying water-sediment system under different concentrations of sulfur and input frequencies. Sampling of greenhouse gases at different depths.
本发明的目的是这样实现的，一种模拟硫污染下沟渠中水-底泥系统温室气体分布的实验装置，其特征是，包括温度传感器探头、圆柱顶盖箱、圆柱箱体、气体采样装置、硫污染物自动喷洒装置、压力平衡管、微型气压计；The object of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of experimental device for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in the water-sediment system in the ditch under sulfur pollution is characterized in that it includes a temperature sensor probe, a cylindrical top cover box, a cylindrical box, and a gas sampling device , automatic spraying device for sulfur pollutants, pressure balance tube, miniature barometer;
所述圆柱顶盖箱下接圆柱箱体，圆柱顶盖箱盖于圆柱箱体上，圆柱箱体上设有标尺线；所述温度传感器探头安装于圆柱顶盖箱顶部的左侧，且穿过圆柱顶盖箱伸于圆柱箱体内；所述压力平衡管、微型气压计均安装于圆柱顶盖箱的右侧，压力平衡管、微型气压计均穿过圆柱顶盖箱伸于圆柱箱体内，且微型气压计位于压力平衡管的右侧，压力平衡管塞有橡胶塞帽；The cylindrical box is connected under the cylindrical box, and the cylindrical box is covered on the cylindrical box, and the cylindrical box is provided with a scale line; the temperature sensor probe is installed on the left side of the top of the cylindrical box, and wears Extend through the cylindrical top box and extend into the cylindrical box; the pressure balance tube and the miniature barometer are installed on the right side of the cylindrical top box, and the pressure balance tube and the miniature barometer all pass through the cylindrical top box and extend into the cylindrical box , and the miniature barometer is located on the right side of the pressure balance tube, and the pressure balance tube is plugged with a rubber plug cap;
所述硫污染物自动喷洒装置包括不锈钢研磨杯、三角瓶、控制系统，不锈钢研磨杯的底部与三角瓶的顶部贯通，三角瓶的底部设有若干细孔，不锈钢研磨杯、三角瓶贯通连接处安装有阀门；所述不锈钢研磨杯内设有电机，不锈钢研磨杯上部侧边设有污染物添加口；所述电机的动力输出轴上安装有不锈钢刀片，控制系统与电机电连接，控制系统控制电机定时启动与关闭，电机启动时，电机动力输出轴的转动带动不锈钢刀片转动；The automatic spraying device for sulfur pollutants comprises a stainless steel grinding cup, a triangular flask, and a control system. The bottom of the stainless steel grinding cup is connected with the top of the triangular flask, and the bottom of the triangular flask is provided with a number of fine holes. A valve is installed; the stainless steel grinding cup is provided with a motor, and the upper side of the stainless steel grinding cup is provided with a pollutant addition port; the power output shaft of the motor is equipped with a stainless steel blade, and the control system is electrically connected with the motor, and the control system controls The motor is turned on and off at regular intervals. When the motor is started, the rotation of the power output shaft of the motor drives the rotation of the stainless steel blade;
所述硫污染物自动喷洒装置安装于圆柱顶盖箱的正上方，且硫污染物自动喷洒装置穿过圆柱顶盖箱，硫污染物自动喷洒装置的不锈钢研磨杯位于圆柱顶盖箱外，硫污染物自动喷洒装置的三角瓶位于圆柱顶盖箱内；The sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device is installed directly above the cylindrical top cover box, and the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device passes through the cylindrical top cover box, and the stainless steel grinding cup of the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device is located outside the cylindrical top cover box. The triangular bottle of the pollutant automatic spraying device is located in the cylindrical top cover box;
污染物经污染物添加口添加至不锈钢研磨杯，电机启动时，电机动力输出轴的转动带动不锈钢刀片转动，不锈钢刀片的转动对不锈钢研磨杯内的污染物进行研磨，打开阀门，研磨后的污染物穿过阀门落入三角瓶，并经三角瓶底部的若干细孔均匀喷洒至圆柱箱体中；Pollutants are added to the stainless steel grinding cup through the pollutant adding port. When the motor is started, the rotation of the power output shaft of the motor drives the rotation of the stainless steel blade. The rotation of the stainless steel blade grinds the pollutants in the stainless steel grinding cup, and the valve is opened. The substance falls into the triangular flask through the valve, and is evenly sprayed into the cylindrical box through several fine holes at the bottom of the triangular flask;
所述气体采样装置位于圆柱箱体的侧面，所述气体采样装置包括不锈钢架、不锈钢轨道、动力抽板、活塞、不锈钢条、不锈钢底座、Y型三通球阀、采样管、注射器、滚轮；The gas sampling device is located on the side of the cylindrical box, and the gas sampling device includes a stainless steel frame, a stainless steel track, a power pumping plate, a piston, a stainless steel bar, a stainless steel base, a Y-shaped three-way ball valve, a sampling tube, a syringe, and a roller;
所述不锈钢架的底部设有不锈钢底座，不锈钢架的上下部均设有不锈钢轨道；所述动力抽板的上下两端均设有滚轮，动力抽板上、下两端的滚轮分别置于不锈钢架上部的不锈钢轨道、下部的不锈钢轨道内，动力抽板在滚轮的作用下，可在不锈钢架上滑动；The bottom of the stainless steel frame is provided with a stainless steel base, and the upper and lower parts of the stainless steel frame are provided with stainless steel tracks; the upper and lower ends of the power pumping plate are provided with rollers, and the rollers at the upper and lower ends of the power pumping plate are respectively placed on the stainless steel frame In the upper stainless steel track and the lower stainless steel track, the power drawer can slide on the stainless steel frame under the action of rollers;
所述不锈钢条设置于不锈钢架上，不锈钢条上等间距安装固定有若干注射器，注射器的一端与Y型三通球阀贯通连接，另一端插有活塞，所述活塞一端插于注射器内，另一端与动力抽板固定连接；所述Y型三通球阀的一端与注射器贯通，另一端与采样管贯通连接；The stainless steel bar is arranged on a stainless steel frame, and a number of syringes are installed and fixed on the stainless steel bar at equal intervals. One end of the syringe is connected to the Y-shaped three-way ball valve, and a piston is inserted at the other end. One end of the piston is inserted into the syringe, and the other end is It is fixedly connected with the power pumping plate; one end of the Y-type three-way ball valve is connected with the syringe, and the other end is connected with the sampling pipe;
所述采样管的一端与Y型三通球阀贯通连接，另一端倾斜设置在圆柱箱体的侧面，且采样管与圆柱箱体贯通；若干采样管在圆柱箱体侧面等间距布置；打开Y型三通球阀，移动动力抽板，带动活塞在注射器内移动，活塞往外移动时，经注射器、Y型三通球阀、采样管对圆柱箱体内实现抽气。One end of the sampling tube is connected to the Y-type three-way ball valve, and the other end is obliquely arranged on the side of the cylindrical box, and the sampling tube is connected to the cylindrical box; several sampling tubes are arranged at equal intervals on the side of the cylindrical box; open the Y-shaped The three-way ball valve moves the power pumping plate to drive the piston to move in the syringe. When the piston moves outward, the cylinder box is pumped through the syringe, Y-shaped three-way ball valve and sampling tube.
所述动力抽板上设有拉环；所述不锈钢架上设有钢丝绳。钢丝绳就是起到稳固不锈钢架的作用。A pull ring is provided on the power pumping plate; a steel wire rope is provided on the stainless steel frame. The wire rope plays the role of stabilizing the stainless steel frame.
所述若干采样管在圆柱箱体侧面等间距10-20cm布置；且采样管斜向上120-170度设置在圆柱箱体的侧面；The plurality of sampling tubes are arranged at equal intervals of 10-20 cm on the side of the cylindrical box; and the sampling tubes are arranged on the side of the cylindrical box at an angle of 120-170 degrees upward;
所述注射器与采样管通过Y型三通球阀相连接，注射器的倾斜角度β由下式计算：The syringe is connected to the sampling pipe through a Y-type three-way ball valve, and the inclination angle β of the syringe is calculated by the following formula:
β＝γ-θβ=γ-θ
其中，γ为采样管的倾斜角度，θ为Y型三通球阀最小的夹角。Among them, γ is the inclination angle of the sampling pipe, and θ is the minimum included angle of the Y-type three-way ball valve.
所述不锈钢条上设有螺纹孔，注射器的外壁上设有与螺纹孔相匹配的外螺纹，注射器通过外螺纹旋紧于螺纹孔，与不锈钢条螺纹旋紧固定。The stainless steel bar is provided with a threaded hole, and the outer wall of the syringe is provided with an external thread matching the threaded hole, and the syringe is screwed into the threaded hole through the external thread, and is screwed and fixed with the stainless steel bar.
所述采样管与圆柱箱体接壤处设有过滤纱网。A filtering gauze is provided at the border between the sampling pipe and the cylindrical box.
所述不锈钢研磨杯的侧壁上设有刻度。A scale is arranged on the side wall of the stainless steel grinding cup.
所述控制系统包括开关按钮、定时按钮和控制电路，开关按钮、定时按钮均与控制电路电连接。The control system includes a switch button, a timing button and a control circuit, and the switch button and the timing button are electrically connected to the control circuit.
所述圆柱顶盖箱选用PVC材质，圆柱顶盖箱的高度为300-500mm，厚度为4-8mm，半径为250-350mm；圆柱顶盖箱的顶部设有四个安装孔，分别为温度传感器探头安装孔、硫污染物自动喷洒装置安装孔、压力平衡管安装孔、微型气压计安装孔，温度传感器探头安装孔、硫污染物自动喷洒装置安装孔、压力平衡管安装孔、微型气压计安装孔上分别安装温度传感器探头、硫污染物自动喷洒装置、压力平衡管、微型气压计；所述硫污染物自动喷洒装置安装孔位于圆柱顶盖箱的正中间。The cylindrical top cover box is made of PVC material, the height of the cylindrical top cover box is 300-500mm, the thickness is 4-8mm, and the radius is 250-350mm; the top of the cylindrical top cover box is provided with four mounting holes, which are respectively temperature sensor Mounting hole for probe, mounting hole for automatic spraying device of sulfur pollutants, mounting hole for pressure balance pipe, mounting hole for micro barometer, mounting hole for temperature sensor probe, mounting hole for automatic spraying device for sulfur pollutants, mounting hole for pressure balancing pipe, mounting hole for micro barometer A temperature sensor probe, an automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device, a pressure balance tube, and a miniature barometer are respectively installed on the holes; the installation hole of the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device is located in the middle of the cylindrical top cover box.
所述圆柱箱体选用PVC材质，圆柱箱体的半径和厚度均与圆柱顶盖箱一致，圆柱箱体的高度为800-1500mm，圆柱箱体的底部设有不锈钢支架。The cylindrical box is made of PVC material, the radius and thickness of the cylindrical box are consistent with the cylindrical top cover box, the height of the cylindrical box is 800-1500mm, and the bottom of the cylindrical box is provided with a stainless steel bracket.
一种模拟硫污染下沟渠中水-底泥系统温室气体分布的实验装置进行实验的方法，其特征是，实验方法包括如下步骤：A method for experimenting with an experimental device for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in the water-sediment system of a ditch under sulfur pollution, characterized in that the experimental method comprises the following steps:
第一步、在圆柱箱体底部均匀铺设厚度为30mm的石英砂，并在其上铺置一层纱布，将原位采集的沟渠底泥进行均质化处理后，均匀的铺设在圆柱箱体中，形成底泥层，底泥层填装的厚度为200-500mm；The first step is to evenly lay quartz sand with a thickness of 30mm on the bottom of the cylindrical box, and lay a layer of gauze on it. After homogenizing the ditch sediment collected in situ, lay it evenly on the cylindrical box In the middle, a bottom mud layer is formed, and the thickness of the bottom mud layer filling is 200-500mm;
第二步、在圆柱箱体继续缓慢注入水形成水层，保持水层的厚度为400-800mm，圆柱箱体内水层上方为空气层；The second step, continue to slowly inject water into the cylindrical box to form a water layer, keep the thickness of the water layer at 400-800mm, and the air layer above the water layer in the cylindrical box;
第三步、连接圆柱顶盖箱和圆柱箱体，将圆柱顶盖箱盖于圆柱箱体上，并用密封的橡胶带进行密封，防止气体外泄；The third step is to connect the cylindrical top cover box and the cylindrical box body, cover the cylindrical top cover box on the cylindrical box body, and seal it with a sealed rubber belt to prevent gas leakage;
第四步、连接气体采样装置，通过Y型三通球阀将注射器与采样管连接，固定好不锈钢底座；The fourth step is to connect the gas sampling device, connect the syringe to the sampling tube through the Y-type three-way ball valve, and fix the stainless steel base;
第五步、根据不锈钢研磨杯中的标尺线按设定的频率定量加入实验所需污染物，污染物经污染物添加口添加至不锈钢研磨杯，在控制系统内设置好时间，控制系统控制电机定时启动与关闭，从而定时开启电机，电机启动时，电机动力输出轴的转动带动不锈钢刀片转动，不锈钢刀片的转动对不锈钢研磨杯内的污染物进行研磨；然后打开底部阀门使研磨后的污染物质进入下方带孔的三角瓶中，并经三角瓶底部的若干细孔均匀喷洒至下方的圆柱箱体中；The fifth step is to quantitatively add the pollutants required for the experiment according to the scale line in the stainless steel grinding cup according to the set frequency. The pollutants are added to the stainless steel grinding cup through the pollutant addition port, and the time is set in the control system. The control system controls the motor Timing starts and shuts down, so that the motor is turned on regularly. When the motor starts, the rotation of the motor power output shaft drives the stainless steel blade to rotate, and the rotation of the stainless steel blade grinds the pollutants in the stainless steel grinding cup; then the bottom valve is opened to make the ground pollutants Enter the triangular flask with holes below, and evenly spray into the cylindrical box below through several fine holes in the bottom of the triangular flask;
第六步、监测采样，在硫污染物喷洒后的第0.25-5天内，每间隔5分钟采集气体，调整Y型三通球阀使采样管和注射器联通，同时打开压力平衡管上的橡胶塞帽，保证圆柱箱体内外气压平衡，拉动动力抽板，带动活塞在注射器内往外移动，经注射器、Y型三通球阀、采样管对圆柱箱体内不同深度的气样采集；并通过温度传感器探头、微型气压计分别测量出圆柱箱体内的气温、气压，并记录圆柱箱体内的气温、气压；采样完毕快速盖紧气压平衡管的橡胶塞帽并密闭圆柱箱体内的气体；Step 6. Monitoring and sampling. Within 0.25-5 days after the sulfur pollutants are sprayed, collect gas every 5 minutes, adjust the Y-shaped three-way ball valve to connect the sampling tube and the syringe, and open the rubber plug cap on the pressure balance tube at the same time , to ensure the air pressure balance inside and outside the cylindrical box, pull the power pumping plate, drive the piston to move outward in the syringe, collect gas samples at different depths in the cylindrical box through the syringe, Y-type three-way ball valve, and sampling tube; and through the temperature sensor probe, The miniature barometer measures the air temperature and air pressure in the cylindrical box respectively, and records the air temperature and air pressure in the cylindrical box; after sampling, quickly close the rubber plug cap of the air pressure balance tube and seal the gas in the cylindrical box;
第七步、对气样进行测定，利用气相色谱仪测定所采集的气体，分析不同高度所测气体的浓度。The seventh step is to measure the gas sample, use the gas chromatograph to measure the collected gas, and analyze the concentration of the gas measured at different heights.
本发明结构合理、生产制造容易、使用方便，通过本发明，提供的一种模拟硫污染下沟渠中水-底泥系统温室气体分布的实验装置及方法，主要包括硫污染物自动喷洒装置、圆柱顶盖箱、圆柱箱体、气体采样装置、温度传感器探头、压力平衡管和微型气压计；所述温度传感器探头、硫污染物自动喷洒装置、压力平衡管和微型气压计分别置于圆柱顶盖箱顶部的左侧、正上方、右侧及最右侧，圆柱顶盖箱下接圆柱箱体，气体采样装置位于圆柱箱体的侧面，其包括的采样管分别等间距均匀地置于箱体的侧面且倾斜向上布置。The present invention is reasonable in structure, easy to manufacture, and convenient to use. Through the present invention, it provides an experimental device and method for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in the water-sediment system of a ditch under sulfur pollution, which mainly includes an automatic spraying device for sulfur pollutants, a cylinder Top cover box, cylindrical box, gas sampling device, temperature sensor probe, pressure balance tube and miniature barometer; the temperature sensor probe, automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device, pressure balance tube and miniature barometer are respectively placed on the top cover of the cylinder On the left, right above, right and far right of the top of the box, the cylindrical top cover box is connected to the cylindrical box body, and the gas sampling device is located on the side of the cylindrical box body, and the sampling tubes included are placed in the box body at equal intervals. sideways and inclined upwards.
作为优选，所述硫污染物自动喷洒装置包括控制系统、污染物添加口、电机、不锈钢研磨杯、不锈钢刀片、阀门、带孔三角瓶；其中所述不锈钢研磨杯带有刻度，所述控制系统包括开关按钮、定时按钮和控制电路，实现电机带动不锈钢刀片对所添加污染物进行定量定时研磨。所述带孔三角瓶底部分布细孔，可实现研磨后的污染物均匀喷洒至下方的圆柱箱体中。Preferably, the automatic spraying device for sulfur pollutants includes a control system, a pollutant addition port, a motor, a stainless steel grinding cup, a stainless steel blade, a valve, and a triangular flask with holes; wherein the stainless steel grinding cup has a scale, and the control system Including switch button, timing button and control circuit, the motor drives the stainless steel blade to perform quantitative and timing grinding of the added pollutants. The bottom of the Erlenmeyer flask with holes is distributed with fine holes, which can realize the uniform spraying of the ground pollutants into the cylindrical box below.
作为优选，所述圆柱顶盖箱选用PVC材质，其高度300-500mm，厚度为4-8mm，半径为250-350mm。圆柱顶盖箱的顶部设有四个安装孔，正中间安装硫污染物自动喷洒装置，左侧安装温度传感器，右侧依次安装压力平衡管和微型气压计。As a preference, the cylindrical roof box is made of PVC material, with a height of 300-500mm, a thickness of 4-8mm, and a radius of 250-350mm. There are four installation holes on the top of the cylindrical top cover box, the automatic spraying device for sulfur pollutants is installed in the middle, the temperature sensor is installed on the left side, and the pressure balance tube and miniature barometer are installed in sequence on the right side.
作为优选，所述圆柱箱体也选用PVC材质，其半径和厚度均与圆柱顶盖箱一致，高度为800-1500mm，底部设有不锈钢支架，侧面设有气体采样装置。As a preference, the cylindrical box is also made of PVC material, its radius and thickness are consistent with the cylindrical top cover box, the height is 800-1500mm, the bottom is equipped with a stainless steel bracket, and the side is equipped with a gas sampling device.
作为优选，所述气体采样装置包括，不锈钢架、不锈钢轨道、钢丝绳、动力抽板、活塞、拉环、不锈钢条、不锈钢底座、Y型三通球阀、采样管、注射器、滚轮等；采样管等间距10-20cm且斜向上120-170度设置在圆柱箱体的侧面以测量不同空间深度的温室气体的浓度分布，为防止泥土堵塞采样管，在采样管与圆柱箱体侧面连接处均设置过滤纱网。Preferably, the gas sampling device includes a stainless steel frame, a stainless steel track, a steel wire rope, a power pump, a piston, a pull ring, a stainless steel bar, a stainless steel base, a Y-shaped three-way ball valve, a sampling tube, a syringe, a roller, etc.; a sampling tube, etc. The spacing is 10-20cm and the angle is 120-170 degrees, and it is installed on the side of the cylindrical box to measure the concentration distribution of greenhouse gases at different depths. In order to prevent the soil from clogging the sampling tube, a filter is installed at the connection between the sampling tube and the side of the cylindrical box. gauze.
作为优选，所述注射器外部带有螺纹且同采样管的数目、分布间距一致，分别穿过在不锈钢条上分布均匀的螺纹孔并进行紧固，其对应的活塞则与动力抽板相连接；动力抽板的底部均设有滚轮其可在不锈钢轨道上滑动与固定；所述注射器与采样管通过Y型三通球阀相连接。其倾斜角度β由下式计算：As a preference, the syringe is threaded on the outside and is consistent with the number and distribution of the sampling tubes, passing through the evenly distributed threaded holes on the stainless steel bar and tightening them, and the corresponding piston is connected to the power pumping plate; The bottom of the power pumping plate is equipped with rollers, which can slide and fix on the stainless steel track; the syringe and the sampling tube are connected through a Y-type three-way ball valve. Its inclination angle β is calculated by the following formula:
β＝γ-θβ=γ-θ
其中，γ为采样管的倾斜角度，θ为Y型三通球阀最小的夹角。Among them, γ is the inclination angle of the sampling pipe, and θ is the minimum included angle of the Y-type three-way ball valve.
使用时，包括以下步骤：When using, include the following steps:
第一步，定制圆柱顶盖箱和圆柱箱体：定做半径和厚度一致的圆柱顶盖箱和箱体，且箱体侧面等间距设有斜向上120-170度的采样管。The first step is to customize the cylindrical top cover box and cylindrical box body: customize the cylindrical top cover box and box body with the same radius and thickness, and the side of the box body is equidistantly provided with sampling pipes with an angle of 120-170 degrees upward.
第二步，填入实验所需底泥：在圆柱箱体底部均匀铺设厚度为30mm的石英砂，并在其上铺置一层纱布，将原位采集的沟渠底泥进行均质化处理后，均匀的铺设在圆柱箱体中，底泥层填装的厚度为200-500mm。The second step is to fill in the sediment required for the experiment: evenly lay quartz sand with a thickness of 30mm on the bottom of the cylindrical box, and lay a layer of gauze on it, and homogenize the ditch sediment collected in situ , evenly laid in the cylindrical box, the thickness of the bottom mud layer filling is 200-500mm.
第三步，注入所需水体：向圆柱箱体中缓慢注入需要水体，保持水层为400-800mm厚度。The third step is to inject the required water body: slowly inject the required water body into the cylindrical box, and keep the water layer at a thickness of 400-800mm.
第四步，安装硫污染物自动喷洒装置、温度传感器探头、压力平衡管和微型气压计：将硫污染物自动喷洒装置、温度传感器、压力平衡管和微型气压计分别依次穿过圆柱顶盖箱上方左、中、右、最右四个安装口进行固定安装。The fourth step is to install the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device, temperature sensor probe, pressure balance tube and micro barometer: put the sulfur pollutant automatic spray device, temperature sensor, pressure balance tube and micro barometer through the cylindrical top cover box in sequence The upper left, middle, right, and rightmost four installation ports are used for fixed installation.
第五步，连接箱盖和箱体：将圆柱顶盖箱盖于圆柱箱体上，并用密封的橡胶带进行密封，防止气体外泄。The fifth step is to connect the box cover and the box body: put the cylindrical top cover on the cylindrical box body, and seal it with a sealing rubber belt to prevent gas leakage.
第六步，连接气体采样装置：通过Y型三通球阀将注射器与采样管连接，固定好不锈钢底座。The sixth step is to connect the gas sampling device: connect the syringe to the sampling tube through the Y-type three-way ball valve, and fix the stainless steel base.
第七步，硫污染物自动喷洒：根据不锈钢研磨杯中的标尺线按一定频率定量加入实验所需污染物，设定好时间并启动污染物喷洒装置中的电机实现对污染物质的研磨，然后打开底部阀门使研磨后的污染物质进入下方带孔的三角瓶中，使污染物均匀洒入下方的圆柱箱体中。The seventh step, automatic spraying of sulfur pollutants: According to the scale line in the stainless steel grinding cup, the pollutants required for the experiment are quantitatively added at a certain frequency, the time is set and the motor in the pollutant spraying device is started to grind the pollutants, and then Open the valve at the bottom to allow the ground pollutants to enter the conical flask with holes below, so that the pollutants can be evenly sprinkled into the cylindrical box below.
第八步，监测采样：在硫等污染物喷洒后的第0.25-5天内，每间隔5分钟采集气体，调整Y型三通球阀使采样管和注射器联通，同时打开压力平衡管上的橡胶塞帽，保证圆柱箱体内外气压平衡，拉动动力抽板，实现对圆柱箱体不同深度的气样的采集，并记录箱体内气温和气压；采样完毕快速盖紧气压平衡管的橡胶塞帽并密闭圆柱箱体内的气体。The eighth step, monitoring and sampling: within 0.25-5 days after sulfur and other pollutants are sprayed, collect gas every 5 minutes, adjust the Y-type three-way ball valve to connect the sampling tube and the syringe, and open the rubber plug on the pressure balance tube at the same time Cap, to ensure the balance of air pressure inside and outside the cylindrical box, pull the power pumping plate, realize the collection of gas samples at different depths of the cylindrical box, and record the air temperature and air pressure in the box; quickly close the rubber plug cap of the air pressure balance tube and seal it tightly after sampling Gas in a cylindrical box.
第九步：对气样进行测定：利用气相色谱仪测定所采集的气体，分析不同深度所测气体的浓度。Step 9: Measure the gas sample: use the gas chromatograph to measure the collected gas, and analyze the concentration of the gas measured at different depths.
有益效果：本发明的针对一种模拟硫污染下沟渠中水-底泥系统温室气体分布的实验装置及方法，可以实现硫污染物不同浓度和输入频率下，上覆水-底泥系统中不同深度温室气体的取样，不受野外环境干扰，可准确定量的测定不同空间深度温室气体的浓度分布；为研究硫污染下，沟渠系统中上覆水-底泥系统温室气体的浓度分布研究提供了实验模拟装置及模拟方法，操作简单，成本低廉，为精确确定和更好的改善稻田生态系统中温室气体的间接排放提供理论基础和技术支撑。Beneficial effects: the present invention is aimed at an experimental device and method for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in the water-sediment system of ditches under sulfur pollution, which can realize different depths in the overlying water-sediment system under different concentrations and input frequencies of sulfur pollutants The sampling of greenhouse gases is not disturbed by the field environment, and the concentration distribution of greenhouse gases at different spatial depths can be accurately and quantitatively determined; it provides an experimental simulation for the study of the concentration distribution of greenhouse gases in the overlying water-sediment system in the ditch system under sulfur pollution The device and simulation method are simple in operation and low in cost, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for accurately determining and better improving indirect emissions of greenhouse gases in rice field ecosystems.
本发明操作简单，成本低廉，不受野外环境干扰，可准确定量的测定不同深度底泥中温室气体的浓度分布；为研究硫污染下，沟渠系统中上覆水-底泥系统温室气体的分布特征提供了实验方法，对进一步精确确定稻田生态系统中温室气体的间接排放具有重要理论和现实的意义。The invention is simple in operation, low in cost, free from field environment interference, and can accurately and quantitatively measure the concentration distribution of greenhouse gases in bottom mud at different depths; in order to study the distribution characteristics of greenhouse gases in the overlying water-bottom mud system in a ditch system under sulfur pollution The experimental method is provided, which has important theoretical and practical significance for further accurately determining the indirect emission of greenhouse gases in the rice field ecosystem.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的主体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;
图2是本发明的气体采样装置示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas sampling device of the present invention;
图3是本发明的硫污染物自动喷洒装置示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the automatic spraying device for sulfur pollutants of the present invention.
图中：1温度传感器探头、2圆柱顶盖箱、3圆柱箱体、4气体采样装置、4-1不锈钢架、4-2不锈钢轨道、4-3钢丝绳、4-4动力抽板、4-5活塞、4-6拉环、4-7不锈钢条、4-8不锈钢底座、4-9Y型三通球阀、4-10采样管、4-11注射器、4-12滚轮、5滤纱网、6硫污染物自动喷洒装置、6-1开关按钮、6-2控制系统、6-3不锈钢研磨杯、6-4阀门、6-5三角瓶、6-6定时按钮、6-7污染物添加口、6-8电机、6-9不锈钢刀片、6-10细孔、7压力平衡管、8微型气压计、9空气层、10水层、11标尺线、12底泥层、13纱布、14石英砂、15不锈钢支架。In the figure: 1 temperature sensor probe, 2 cylindrical top cover box, 3 cylindrical box body, 4 gas sampling device, 4-1 stainless steel frame, 4-2 stainless steel track, 4-3 steel wire rope, 4-4 power pumping plate, 4- 5 pistons, 4-6 pull rings, 4-7 stainless steel bars, 4-8 stainless steel bases, 4-9 Y-type three-way ball valves, 4-10 sampling tubes, 4-11 syringes, 4-12 rollers, 5 filter screens, 6 Sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device, 6-1 switch button, 6-2 control system, 6-3 stainless steel grinding cup, 6-4 valve, 6-5 triangular bottle, 6-6 timing button, 6-7 pollutant addition Mouth, 6-8 motor, 6-9 stainless steel blade, 6-10 fine hole, 7 pressure balance tube, 8 micro barometer, 9 air layer, 10 water layer, 11 scale line, 12 bottom mud layer, 13 gauze, 14 Quartz sand, 15 stainless steel bracket.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图以及附图说明，对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and descriptions of the drawings.
如图1-3所示，一种模拟硫污染下沟渠中水-底泥系统温室气体分布的实验装置，包括温度传感器探头1、圆柱顶盖箱2、圆柱箱体3、气体采样装置4、硫污染物自动喷洒装置6、压力平衡管7、微型气压计8。As shown in Figure 1-3, an experimental device for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in the water-sediment system of a ditch under sulfur pollution, including a temperature sensor probe 1, a cylindrical top cover box 2, a cylindrical box body 3, a gas sampling device 4, Sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device 6, pressure balance pipe 7, micro barometer 8.
圆柱顶盖箱2下接圆柱箱体3，圆柱顶盖箱2盖于圆柱箱体3上，在圆柱箱体3上设置标尺线11；温度传感器探头1安装于圆柱顶盖箱2顶部的左侧，且穿过圆柱顶盖箱2伸于圆柱箱体3内；压力平衡管7、微型气压计8均安装于圆柱顶盖箱2的右侧，压力平衡管7、微型气压计8均穿过圆柱顶盖箱2伸于圆柱箱体3内，且微型气压计8位于压力平衡管7的右侧，压力平衡管7塞有橡胶塞帽。The cylindrical box 2 is connected with the cylindrical box 3, and the cylindrical box 2 is covered on the cylindrical box 3, and the scale line 11 is set on the cylindrical box 3; the temperature sensor probe 1 is installed on the left side of the top of the cylindrical box 2. side, and pass through the cylindrical top cover box 2 and stretch in the cylindrical box body 3; the pressure balance tube 7 and the miniature barometer 8 are all installed on the right side of the cylindrical top cover box 2, and the pressure balance tube 7 and the miniature barometer 8 are all worn The cylinder top cover box 2 stretches in the cylinder box body 3, and the miniature barometer 8 is positioned at the right side of the pressure balance tube 7, and the pressure balance tube 7 is plugged with a rubber plug cap.
硫污染物自动喷洒装置6包括控制系统6-2、不锈钢研磨杯6-3、三角瓶6-5，不锈钢研磨杯6-3的底部与三角瓶6-5的顶部贯通，在三角瓶6-5的底部设置有若干细孔6-10，不锈钢研磨杯6-3、三角瓶6-5贯通连接处安装有阀门6-4；在不锈钢研磨杯6-3内设置有电机6-8，不锈钢研磨杯6-3上部侧边设置有污染物添加口6-7；电机6-8的动力输出轴上安装有不锈钢刀片6-9，控制系统6-2与电机6-8电连接，控制系统6-2控制电机6-8定时启动与关闭，电机6-8启动时，电机6-8动力输出轴的转动带动不锈钢刀片6-9转动。The sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device 6 includes a control system 6-2, a stainless steel grinding cup 6-3, and a triangular flask 6-5. The bottom of the 5 is provided with some fine holes 6-10, and the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 and the triangular flask 6-5 are connected with a valve 6-4; the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 is provided with a motor 6-8, stainless steel The upper side of the grinding cup 6-3 is provided with a pollutant addition port 6-7; a stainless steel blade 6-9 is installed on the power output shaft of the motor 6-8, and the control system 6-2 is electrically connected with the motor 6-8, and the control system 6-2 controls motor 6-8 to start and close regularly, and when motor 6-8 starts, the rotation of motor 6-8 power output shaft drives stainless steel blade 6-9 to rotate.
硫污染物自动喷洒装置6安装于圆柱顶盖箱2的正上方，且硫污染物自动喷洒装置6穿过圆柱顶盖箱2，硫污染物自动喷洒装置6的不锈钢研磨杯6-3位于圆柱顶盖箱2外，硫污染物自动喷洒装置6的三角瓶6-5位于圆柱顶盖箱2内。The sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device 6 is installed directly above the cylindrical top cover box 2, and the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device 6 passes through the cylindrical top cover box 2, and the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 of the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device 6 is located on the cylindrical top cover box 2. Outside the top cover box 2, the triangular bottle 6-5 of the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device 6 is located in the cylindrical top cover box 2.
污染物经污染物添加口6-7添加至不锈钢研磨杯6-3，电机6-8启动时，电机6-8动力输出轴的转动带动不锈钢刀片6-9转动，不锈钢刀片6-9的转动对不锈钢研磨杯6-3内的污染物进行研磨，打开阀门6-4，研磨后的污染物穿过阀门6-4落入三角瓶6-5，并经三角瓶6-5底部的若干细孔6-10均匀喷洒至圆柱箱体3中。Pollutants are added to the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 through the pollutant addition port 6-7. When the motor 6-8 is started, the rotation of the power output shaft of the motor 6-8 drives the rotation of the stainless steel blade 6-9, and the rotation of the stainless steel blade 6-9 Grind the pollutants in the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3, open the valve 6-4, and the ground pollutants will pass through the valve 6-4 and fall into the triangular flask 6-5, and pass through some fine particles at the bottom of the triangular flask 6-5. Holes 6-10 are evenly sprayed into cylindrical case 3.
气体采样装置4位于圆柱箱体2的侧面，所述气体采样装置4包括不锈钢架4-1、不锈钢轨道4-2、动力抽板4-4、活塞4-5、不锈钢条4-7、不锈钢底座4-8、Y型三通球阀4-9、采样管4-10、注射器4-11、滚轮4-12。The gas sampling device 4 is located on the side of the cylindrical box 2, and the gas sampling device 4 includes a stainless steel frame 4-1, a stainless steel track 4-2, a power pumping plate 4-4, a piston 4-5, a stainless steel bar 4-7, a stainless steel Base 4-8, Y-type three-way ball valve 4-9, sampling tube 4-10, syringe 4-11, roller 4-12.
不锈钢架4-1的底部设置不锈钢底座4-8，不锈钢架4-1的上下部均设置不锈钢轨道4-2；所述动力抽板4-4的上下两端均设有滚轮4-12，动力抽板4-4上、下两端的滚轮4-12分别置于不锈钢架4-1上部的不锈钢轨道4-2、下部的不锈钢轨道4-2内，动力抽板4-4在滚轮4-12的作用下，可在不锈钢架4-1上滑动。The bottom of the stainless steel frame 4-1 is provided with a stainless steel base 4-8, and the upper and lower parts of the stainless steel frame 4-1 are provided with a stainless steel track 4-2; the upper and lower ends of the power pumping plate 4-4 are provided with rollers 4-12, The rollers 4-12 at the upper and lower ends of the power pumping plate 4-4 are respectively placed in the stainless steel rail 4-2 on the upper part of the stainless steel frame 4-1 and the stainless steel rail 4-2 on the lower part, and the power pumping plate 4-4 is placed on the roller 4-1. Under the effect of 12, can slide on stainless steel frame 4-1.
不锈钢条4-7设置于不锈钢架4-1上，不锈钢条4-7上等间距安装固定有若干注射器4-11，注射器4-11的一端与Y型三通球阀4-9贯通连接，另一端插有活塞4-5，所述活塞4-5一端插于注射器4-11内，另一端与动力抽板4-4固定连接；所述Y型三通球阀4-9的一端与注射器4-11贯通，另一端与采样管4-10贯通连接；The stainless steel bar 4-7 is arranged on the stainless steel frame 4-1, and several syringes 4-11 are installed and fixed at equal intervals on the stainless steel bar 4-7, and one end of the syringe 4-11 is connected with the Y-type three-way ball valve 4-9 through, One end is inserted with a piston 4-5, one end of the piston 4-5 is inserted into the syringe 4-11, and the other end is fixedly connected with the power pumping plate 4-4; one end of the Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9 is connected to the syringe 4 -11 through, and the other end is connected through the sampling pipe 4-10;
所述采样管4-10的一端与Y型三通球阀4-9贯通连接，另一端倾斜设置在圆柱箱体3的侧面，且采样管4-10与圆柱箱体3贯通；若干采样管4-10在圆柱箱体3侧面等间距布置；打开Y型三通球阀4-9，移动动力抽板4-4，带动活塞4-5在注射器4-11内移动，活塞4-5往外移动时，经注射器4-11、Y型三通球阀4-9、采样管4-10对圆柱箱体3内实现抽气。One end of the sampling pipe 4-10 is connected through the Y-type three-way ball valve 4-9, and the other end is obliquely arranged on the side of the cylindrical box 3, and the sampling pipe 4-10 is connected with the cylindrical box 3; several sampling pipes 4 -10 are arranged at equal intervals on the side of the cylindrical box 3; open the Y-type three-way ball valve 4-9, move the power pumping plate 4-4, drive the piston 4-5 to move in the syringe 4-11, and when the piston 4-5 moves outward , through the syringe 4-11, the Y-type three-way ball valve 4-9, and the sampling tube 4-10, the air is pumped into the cylindrical box 3.
进一步的，在动力抽板4-4上设置有方便移动动力抽板4-4的拉环4-6；不锈钢架4-1上设置有钢丝绳4-3。所述若干采样管4-10在圆柱箱体3侧面等间距10-20cm(优选为10cm)布置；且采样管4-10斜向上120-170度(优选为135度)设置在圆柱箱体3的侧面；所述注射器4-11与采样管4-10通过Y型三通球阀4-9相连接，注射器4-11的倾斜角度β由下式计算：Further, a pull ring 4-6 is provided on the power pumping plate 4-4 to facilitate the movement of the power pumping plate 4-4; a steel wire rope 4-3 is provided on the stainless steel frame 4-1. The several sampling tubes 4-10 are arranged at equal intervals of 10-20cm (preferably 10cm) on the side of the cylindrical box body 3; The side of the injector 4-11 is connected with the sampling pipe 4-10 through the Y-type three-way ball valve 4-9, and the inclination angle β of the injector 4-11 is calculated by the following formula:
β＝γ-θβ=γ-θ
其中，γ为采样管的倾斜角度，θ为Y型三通球阀最小的夹角。Among them, γ is the inclination angle of the sampling pipe, and θ is the minimum included angle of the Y-type three-way ball valve.
在所述不锈钢条4-7上设置螺纹孔，注射器4-11的外壁上设置与螺纹孔相匹配的外螺纹，注射器4-11通过外螺纹旋紧于螺纹孔，与不锈钢条4-7螺纹旋紧固定。在采样管4-10与圆柱箱体3连接处均设置过滤纱网5并用防水胶黏贴固定，有效防止泥土堵塞采样管4-10。在不锈钢研磨杯6-3的侧壁上设有刻度。控制系统6-2包括开关按钮6-1、定时按钮6-6和控制电路，开关按钮6-1、定时按钮6-6均与控制电路电连接。Threaded holes are set on the stainless steel bar 4-7, external threads matching the threaded holes are set on the outer wall of the syringe 4-11, and the syringe 4-11 is screwed on the threaded holes by external threads, and the threaded holes are threaded with the stainless steel bar 4-7 Tighten securely. Filter gauzes 5 are arranged at the joints of the sampling pipe 4-10 and the cylindrical box body 3 and are pasted and fixed with waterproof glue to effectively prevent soil from blocking the sampling pipe 4-10. A scale is provided on the side wall of the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3. The control system 6-2 includes a switch button 6-1, a timing button 6-6 and a control circuit, and the switch button 6-1 and the timing button 6-6 are electrically connected to the control circuit.
圆柱顶盖箱2选用PVC材质，圆柱顶盖箱2的高度为300-500mm，厚度为4-8mm，半径为250-350mm，优选为其高度300mm，厚度为4mm，半径为250mm；圆柱顶盖箱2的顶部设有四个安装孔，分别为温度传感器探头安装孔、硫污染物自动喷洒装置安装孔、压力平衡管安装孔、微型气压计安装孔，温度传感器探头安装孔、硫污染物自动喷洒装置安装孔、压力平衡管安装孔、微型气压计安装孔上分别安装温度传感器探头1、硫污染物自动喷洒装置6、压力平衡管7、微型气压计8；所述硫污染物自动喷洒装置安装孔位于圆柱顶盖箱2的正中间。The cylindrical roof box 2 is made of PVC material, the height of the cylindrical roof box 2 is 300-500mm, the thickness is 4-8mm, and the radius is 250-350mm, preferably its height is 300mm, the thickness is 4mm, and the radius is 250mm; The top of the box 2 is provided with four installation holes, which are the temperature sensor probe installation hole, the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device installation hole, the pressure balance pipe installation hole, the miniature barometer installation hole, the temperature sensor probe installation hole, the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device installation hole, and the sulfur pollutant automatic sprinkler installation hole. Install the temperature sensor probe 1, the sulfur pollutant automatic spray device 6, the pressure balance pipe 7, and the micro barometer 8 on the installation hole of the spraying device, the pressure balance pipe installation hole, and the micro barometer installation hole respectively; the automatic sulfur pollutant spray device The mounting hole is located in the middle of the cylindrical top case 2.
所述圆柱箱体3选用PVC材质，圆柱箱体3的半径和厚度均与圆柱顶盖箱2一致，圆柱箱体3的高度为800-1500mm(优选的高度为800mm)，圆柱箱体3的底部设有不锈钢支架15。Described cylindrical case 3 selects PVC material for use, and the radius of cylindrical case 3 and thickness are all consistent with cylindrical top case 2, and the height of cylindrical case 3 is 800-1500mm (preferred height is 800mm), and the height of cylindrical case 3 The bottom is provided with stainless steel support 15.
实验方法包括如下步骤：The experimental method includes the following steps:
第一步、在圆柱箱体3底部均匀铺设厚度为30mm的石英砂14，并在其上铺置一层纱布13，将原位采集的沟渠底泥进行均质化处理后，均匀的铺设在圆柱箱体3中，形成底泥层12，底泥层12填装的厚度为200-500mm，优选为200mm；The first step is to evenly lay quartz sand 14 with a thickness of 30mm on the bottom of the cylindrical box 3, and lay a layer of gauze 13 on it, homogenize the ditch bottom mud collected in situ, and lay it evenly on the In the cylindrical box 3, a bottom mud layer 12 is formed, and the thickness of the bottom mud layer 12 filling is 200-500mm, preferably 200mm;
第二步、在圆柱箱体3继续缓慢注入水形成水层10，保持水层10的厚度为400-800mm，优选为400mm，圆柱箱体3内水层10上方为空气层9；Second step, continue to slowly inject water into the cylindrical box 3 to form the water layer 10, keep the thickness of the water layer 10 to be 400-800mm, preferably 400mm, and the top of the water layer 10 in the cylindrical box 3 is an air layer 9;
第三步、连接圆柱顶盖箱2和圆柱箱体3，将圆柱顶盖箱2盖于圆柱箱体3上，并用密封的橡胶带进行密封，防止气体外泄；The third step is to connect the cylindrical top cover box 2 and the cylindrical box body 3, cover the cylindrical top cover box 2 on the cylindrical box body 3, and seal it with a sealed rubber belt to prevent gas leakage;
第四步、连接气体采样装置4，通过Y型三通球阀4-9将注射器4-11与采样管4-10连接，固定好不锈钢底座4-8；The fourth step is to connect the gas sampling device 4, connect the syringe 4-11 to the sampling tube 4-10 through the Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9, and fix the stainless steel base 4-8;
第五步、根据不锈钢研磨杯6-3中的标尺线11按设定的频率定量加入实验所需污染物，污染物经污染物添加口6-7添加至不锈钢研磨杯6-3，在控制系统6-2内设置好时间，控制系统6-2控制电机6-8定时启动与关闭，从而定时开启电机6-8，电机6-8启动时，电机6-8动力输出轴的转动带动不锈钢刀片6-9转动，不锈钢刀片6-9的转动对不锈钢研磨杯6-3内的污染物进行研磨；然后打开底部阀门6-4使研磨后的污染物质进入下方带孔的三角瓶6-5中，并经三角瓶6-5底部的若干细孔6-10均匀喷洒至下方的圆柱箱体3中；The fifth step is to quantitatively add the pollutants required for the experiment according to the scale line 11 in the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 according to the set frequency, and the pollutants are added to the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 through the pollutant addition port 6-7, and the The time is set in the system 6-2, and the control system 6-2 controls the timing start and stop of the motor 6-8, so that the motor 6-8 is turned on regularly. When the motor 6-8 starts, the rotation of the power output shaft of the motor 6-8 drives the stainless steel The blade 6-9 rotates, and the rotation of the stainless steel blade 6-9 grinds the pollutants in the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3; then the bottom valve 6-4 is opened to allow the ground pollutants to enter the lower triangular flask 6-5 with holes in, and evenly sprayed into the cylindrical box 3 below through some fine holes 6-10 at the bottom of the triangular flask 6-5;
第六步、监测采样，在硫污染物喷洒后的第0.25-5天内，每间隔5分钟采集气体，调整Y型三通球阀4-9使采样管4-10和注射器4-11联通，同时打开压力平衡管7上的橡胶塞帽，保证圆柱箱体3内外气压平衡，拉动动力抽板4-4，带动活塞4-5在注射器4-11内往外移动，经注射器4-11、Y型三通球阀4-9、采样管4-10对圆柱箱体3内不同深度的气样实现同时气体气样采集；并通过温度传感器探头1、微型气压计8分别测量出圆柱箱体3内的气温、气压，并记录圆柱箱体3内的气温、气压；采样完毕快速盖紧气压平衡管7的橡胶塞帽并密闭圆柱箱体3内的气体；The sixth step, monitoring and sampling, within the first 0.25-5 days after the spraying of sulfur pollutants, collect gas at intervals of 5 minutes, adjust the Y-type three-way ball valve 4-9 to connect the sampling pipe 4-10 and the syringe 4-11, and at the same time Open the rubber plug cap on the pressure balance tube 7 to ensure the air pressure balance inside and outside the cylindrical box 3, pull the power pumping plate 4-4, and drive the piston 4-5 to move outwards in the syringe 4-11, through the syringe 4-11, Y-shaped The three-way ball valve 4-9 and the sampling pipe 4-10 realize simultaneous gas sample collection for gas samples of different depths in the cylindrical box 3; Air temperature and air pressure, and record the air temperature and air pressure in the cylindrical box 3; quickly cover the rubber plug cap of the air pressure balance tube 7 after sampling and seal the gas in the cylindrical box 3;
第七步、对气样进行测定，利用气相色谱仪测定所采集的气体，分析不同高度所测气体的浓度。The seventh step is to measure the gas sample, use the gas chromatograph to measure the collected gas, and analyze the concentration of the gas measured at different heights.
本发明的可以实现硫不同浓度和输入频率下，上覆水-底泥系统中不同深度温室气体的取样，不受野外环境干扰，可准确定量的测定不同空间深度温室气体的浓度分布；研究硫污染下，沟渠系统中上覆水-底泥系统温室气体的分布特征。The invention can realize the sampling of greenhouse gases at different depths in the overlying water-sediment system under different sulfur concentrations and input frequencies, without being disturbed by the field environment, and can accurately and quantitatively measure the concentration distribution of greenhouse gases at different spatial depths; study sulfur pollution Below, the distribution characteristics of greenhouse gases in the overlying water-sediment system in the ditch system.
本发明成本低廉，操作简单，对精确确定和进一步改善稻田生态系统中温室气体的间接排放具有重要意义。The invention has low cost and simple operation, and has great significance for accurately determining and further improving the indirect emission of greenhouse gases in the paddy field ecosystem.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also possible. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910515587.2ACN110261502B (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2019-06-14 | Experimental device and method for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of water-bottom mud system in ditch under sulfur pollution |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910515587.2ACN110261502B (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2019-06-14 | Experimental device and method for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of water-bottom mud system in ditch under sulfur pollution |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110261502Atrue CN110261502A (en) | 2019-09-20 |
| CN110261502B CN110261502B (en) | 2021-12-28 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910515587.2AActiveCN110261502B (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2019-06-14 | Experimental device and method for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of water-bottom mud system in ditch under sulfur pollution |
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