A kind of laser of normal direction wire feed-heating wire TIG complex welding methodTechnical field
The invention belongs to welding technology fields, more particularly to a kind of laser-heating wire TIG composite welding of normal direction wire feedMethod.
Background technique
Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding is that two kinds of completely different heat sources of physical property, energy transmission mechanism are compounded in oneIt rises, while acting on same Working position, the respective advantage of two kinds of heat sources can be given full play to and compensating for respectiveDeficiency, so as to form a kind of welding method of new high efficiency.Wherein the electric arc combined welding process of laser-TIG is steady, electric arcStability is good, easily obtains good appearance of weld.
Laser Welding is connected to deep penetration welding and thermal conductivity welds two kinds of bond patterns, in slab, cut deal narrow gap multi-layer welding processIn, when realizing the electric arc combined welding of laser-TIG using the laser beam of penetration fustion welding mode, easily generation pinhole type stomata andIt is difficult to eliminate；When realizing the Combined Welding of laser aiming TIG electric arc using the laser beam of thermal conductivity bond pattern, although welding matterAmount is preferable, however deposition efficiency is low, speed of welding is slow, heat affected area is big, welding passage is more, easily leads to biggish welding stressAnd residual deformation, difficulty is increased to later period weldment school shape.
Hot wire welding is to make up to certain temperature, that is, butt welding by heating before filling metal is admitted to molten bathSilk is preheated, and realizes the purpose of high-speed and high-efficiency welding.Currently, the heating means of heated filament mainly include resistance heating and high frequencyInduction heating.Compared with resistance heating, high-frequency induction heating is high-efficient with heated filament, heating speed is fast；Suitable for various metalsThe welding wire of material, the especially heating of low-resistivity welding wire；There is no by-pass current magnetic interference, eliminates arc blow phenomenon.CauseThis reduces welding passage and reduces welding stress and residual deformation, be most using hot wire welding for the deposition rate for improving welding wireOne of good solution.
Currently, being in setting laser, heated filament and TIG electric arc are respectively placed in laser when laser-heating wire TIG composite weldingThe front and back side of beam, three act on same molten bath and its near zone.When using high-frequency induction heating heated filament, welding wire heatingAccurate control can be achieved in the heating temperature and heat penetration in section.However, due to heating device, the heating zone of welding wireBetween apart from molten bath there are also a distance, before the welding wire of accurate temperature controlling is by the distance, feeding molten bath, in heat radiation and heat transferEtc. under the influence of factors, there are certain thermal losses, i.e. hot-wire temperature can generate certain decline for heated filament.For the gold of rapid heat dissipationBelong to material, the thermal losses of heated filament is relatively bigger, reduces the deposition efficiency of heated filament.
Therefore, based on the deficiencies of the prior art, a kind of laser-heating wire TIG Combined Welding of normal direction wire feed is inventor providedConnect method.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of laser of normal direction wire feed-heating wire TIG complex welding method, by by laserThe welding wire of beam, non-melt electrode and continuous heating optimizes compound, makes high-frequency induction heating heated filament in heating interval to molten bathHeat dissipation section in, obtain laser beam and non-melt electrode arc column area reheating, heated filament can be significantly reduced in the heat dissipationThermal losses in section further increases the deposition efficiency of heated filament.
The embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of laser-heating wire TIG complex welding method of normal direction wire feed, this method packetIt includes:
Welding groove is designed in the welding position being soldered on slab, welds reality thoroughly using high power laser depth burn throughThe backing welding of existing root face；
Soldered slab groove is carried out in such a way that the welding wire of laser beam, non-melt electrode and continuous heating is compoundSuccessively filling is welded, should be according to the height and position of single layer filling thickness adjusting hybrid welding torch to molten bath, wherein institute in welding processWelding wire is stated by heated filament heating device induction heating, in welding direction of feed, before the laser beam is located at the welding wireSide, the non-melt electrode are located at the rear of the welding wire, are placed in inert gas shielding cover；
Cosmetic welding is carried out using groove weld of the above-mentioned composite welding mode to soldered slab, completes composite welding.
Further, the welding process in such a way that the welding wire using laser beam, non-melt electrode and continuous heating is compoundIn, three's collective effect be soldered slab groove molten bath and its near, the focus of laser beam and the defocus shape of face of weldFormula is positive out of focus, and defocusing amount is 5mm~30mm.
Further, defocus laser beam is 3mm~10mm in the spot diameter of face of weld.
Further, during composite welding, the angle of laser beam and face of weld normal direction is 30 °~45 °, multipleIt closes in welding process, laser beam can carry out direct irradiation heating to face of weld and welding wire simultaneously, rise in entire welding processTo pre- heat effect.
Further, the laser beam is optical-fiber laser or YAG laser, and the focal length of laser beam is 150mm~500mm.
Further, during composite welding, the welding wire of heating and the angle of face of weld normal direction be -10 °~+10°。
Further, the electric arc tungsten electrode tip TIG of non-melt electrode and the inclination angle of face of weld normal direction are 30 °~45 °,The vertical range of the tungsten electrode tip and face of weld is 3mm~5mm, the tungsten electrode tip and heating welding wire to face of weldPosition between horizontal distance be 3mm~5mm.
Further, the diameter of the welding wire is 0.8mm~1.6mm, the axis in the axle center of the laser beam and the welding wireHeart distance is ± 2mm.
Further, the wire feeder of the heated filament heating device and the welding wire is all connected with heater supply, for sendSilk mechanism provides power source, while providing the heat source of heated filament heating device.
It further, is Y type groove or U-shaped groove in the welding groove designed of welding position being soldered on slab,When using Y type groove or U-shaped groove, groove and the design of root face intersection have a chain-wales, and berm width is 2mm~4mm, bluntThe unilateral of side is 2mm~4mm；When using Y type groove, the bevel angle of Y type groove often takes 20 °~60 °.
To sum up, the laser of normal direction wire feed of the invention-heating wire TIG complex welding method beneficial effect has:
(1) heated filament is placed in the centre of laser beam and non-melt electric arc and substantially with welding plane in normal direction, and three makees jointlyFor molten bath and its near.Welding wire is after heated filament heating devices heat, heat dissipation section before being sent into molten bath, heated filament simultaneously byThe reheating of laser beam and TIG electric arc arc column not only inhibits heated filament in the thermal losses in heat dissipation section, but also can be into oneStep improves hot-wire temperature, to further increase the deposition efficiency of heated filament.
(2) while acting on heated filament in the laser beam of out-of-focus appearance, additionally it is possible to the mother near the forward position of direct irradiation molten bathMaterial plays pre- heat effect to base material, and the plasma that laser beam generates is also beneficial to attract and stablize TIG electric arc, makesThe plasma density in TIG electric arc arc column area increases, and is more advantageous to reheating heated filament.
(3) for entire welding process while keeping composite welding process stability, charging efficiency is higher, is more advantageous toInhibit the generation of welding defect and grow up, is particularly suitable for the multilayer welding or multi-pass welding of slab, cut deal, is overcoming layerBetween incomplete fusion, side wall incomplete fusion and aspect has significant advantage the defects of internal porosity, and then the welding for obtaining high quality connectsHead.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to required in the embodiment of the present inventionThe attached drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings described below is only some embodiments of the present invention,For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawingsOther attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is that a kind of laser-heating wire TIG complex welding method application scenarios of normal direction wire feed of the embodiment of the present invention showIt is intended to.
In figure:
1- laser beam；2- welding wire；3- heated filament heating device；The non-melt electrode of 4-；5- inert gas shielding cover；6- inertiaAir-flow；7- liquid state molten pool；8- weld metal；9- welding base metal.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.Following embodimentThe detailed description and the accompanying drawings cannot be used to limit the scope of the invention for illustratively illustrating the principle of the present invention, i.e. this hairIt is bright to be not limited to described embodiment, part, component and connection type are covered under the premise of without departing from the spirit of the present inventionAny modification, replacement and improvement.
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phaseMutually combination.The application is described in detail below with reference to accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding is that two kinds of completely different heat sources of physical property, energy transmission mechanism are compounded in oneIt rises, while acting on same Working position, the respective advantage of two kinds of heat sources can be given full play to and compensating for respectiveDeficiency, so as to form a kind of welding method of new high efficiency.Wherein the electric arc combined welding process of laser-TIG is steady, electric arcStability is good, easily obtains good appearance of weld.
Fig. 1 is a kind of laser-heating wire TIG complex welding method application scenarios schematic diagram of normal direction wire feed.Referring to such as Fig. 1Shown, which has included at least following steps S110~step S130:
Step S110: welding slope is designed in the welding position being soldered on slab (welding base metal 9 in referring to Fig.1)Mouthful, weld the backing welding for realizing root face thoroughly using high power laser depth burn through.
Step S120: the welding wire 2 using laser beam 1, non-melt electrode 4 (TIG electric arc tungsten electrode) and continuous heating is compoundMode carries out successively filling to soldered slab groove and welds, and in welding process, should adjust hybrid welding torch according to single layer filling thicknessTo the height and position of molten bath (liquid state molten pool 7 in Fig. 1), wherein the welding wire 2 passes through 3 induction heating of heated filament heating device,In welding direction of feed, the laser beam 1 is located at the front of the welding wire 2, and the non-melt electrode 4 is located at the welding wire2 rear is placed in inert gas shielding cover 5, can continue to provide inert gas 6 during composite welding.
Step S130: cosmetic welding is carried out using groove weld of the above-mentioned composite welding mode to soldered slab, is completed multipleClose welding.
By upper, laser-heating wire TIG complex welding method of normal direction wire feed of the invention is in non-melt pole TIG electric arcIt is formed by molten bath front end, persistently provides the welding wire 2 heated through heated filament heating device 3, welding wire 2 and face of weld are in method substantiallyTo position, welding wire 2 forms heated filament heating interval under the action of heated filament heating device 3, when welding wire 2 passes through above-mentioned heating intervalWhen to heat dissipation section between molten bath (liquid state molten pool 7 in Fig. 1), the front of welding wire 2 is by 1 radiant heating of laser beam, welding wire 2Rear by non-melt pole TIG electric arc arc column area radiant heating, the lower section of welding wire 2 by the metallic vapour above molten bath/wait fromDaughter cloud radiant heating.Under the energy coupling effect of hybrid Laser-Arc Welding, welding wire 2 is excited being total to for light beam and TIG electric arcSame-action not only inhibits welding wire 2 in the thermal losses in above-mentioned heat dissipation section, but also can further increase welding wire temperature, fromAnd further increase the deposition efficiency of heated filament.
During above-mentioned composite welding, laser beam 1 is in front, and the welding wire 2 of heating is in centre, non-melt pole TIG electric arc(the non-melt electrode 4 in Fig. 1) at rear, three's collective effect in molten bath and its near.The focus and face of weld of laser beamDefocus form be positive out of focus, defocusing amount is 5mm~30mm, and the inclination angle of laser beam and vertical aspect is 30 °~45 °；Heated filament withThe inclination angle of vertical aspect is ± 10 °；The tungsten electrode tip of TIG electric arc and the inclination angle of vertical aspect are 30 °~45 °, TIG electric arcThe vertical range of face of weld is 3mm~5mm on tungsten electrode tip and soldered slab, and tungsten electrode tip and the heated filament of TIG electric arc arriveHorizontal distance between the position of face of weld is 3mm~5mm.
In above-mentioned complex welding method, defocus laser beam is 3mm~10mm, above-mentioned weldering in the spot diameter of workpiece surfaceThe diameter of silk is 0.8mm~1.6mm.In workpiece surface, the axle center of above-mentioned laser beam at a distance from the axle center of above-mentioned welding wire for ±2mm.When welding, above-mentioned laser beam can carry out direct irradiation heating to workpiece surface and welding wire simultaneously, to entire welding processPre- heat function is played, the lack of inter-run fusion and side wall incomplete fusion being also easy to produce during narrow gap multi-layer welding can be effectively overcomeDefect.
In addition, the wire feeder of heated filament heating device 3 and welding wire 2 is all connected with heater supply, which can be welding wire2 wire feeder, which provides, stablizes power source, and the heating function for heated filament heating device 3 provides heat source.The present invention passes through controlHigh frequency output electric current processed realizes the accurate control of hot-wire temperature, exports frequency of oscillation by changing, is imitated using high-frequency induction collection skinIt answers, realizes the depth of control induction heating.
Above-mentioned laser beam 1 is optical-fiber laser or YAG laser, and the focal length of laser beam is 150mm~500mm.In above-mentioned laserUnder the action of beam, due to the coupling of laser-arc, TIG electric arc arc column more tends to be biased to laser beam side, more conducively heating heatSilk.Meanwhile using the power dynamic regulation of laser beam, it is more advantageous to the stabilization transition for realizing welding wire.
Above-mentioned welding wire 2 successively passes through the primary heating of heated filament heating device 3, by laser beam 1 before not entering molten bathIrradiation and TIG electric arc arc column (the non-melt electrode 4 in Fig. 1) coefficient reheating, the gold of the top of liquid state molten pool 7Belong to the heating three times of steam/plasma cloud, can quickly reach or close to molten condition；After welding wire 2 enters in molten bath,Under the quadruple heat effect in high-temperature liquid state molten bath, accelerates to be converted into liquid and become a part in molten bath, with weld metal 8Melting welding forms integral structure.Entire welding process is more steady, and charging efficiency is higher, is more advantageous to the production for inhibiting welding defectIt gives birth to and grows up, and then obtain the welding point of high quality.
Use mechanical hand-motion hybrid welding torch for realizing throat thickness for the cut deal weldment of 10mm~20mm belowIllustrate complex welding method of the invention, it when specific operation, can be using dynamic light formula welding or the welding of moving part formula.Referring to Fig. 1 instituteShow, hybrid welding torch clamps laser welding processing head, wire feed heating device and TIG welding gun, realize laser beam 1 in the above method,The relative geometry position of welding wire 2 and non-melt electrode 4 remains unchanged.For slab, the multi-layer welding of cut deal or multilayer multiple tracksWelding, is realized using the following steps:
Step 1: the welding groove of design optimization often takes Y type groove or U-shaped groove, and groove and root face intersection designOne chain-wales, berm width 2mm~4mm, root face generally take 2mm~4mm；The bevel angle of Y type groove often takes 20 °~60 °.
Step 2: the backing welding for realizing root face is welded thoroughly using high power laser depth burn through.In this step, laser is deeply moltenThe defocus of welding measures 0mm.
Step 3: intermediate layer-by-layer filling weldering, welding process are realized using above-mentioned laser-heating wire TIG complex welding methodIn should according to single layer filling thickness adjust hybrid welding torch height and position, make laser beam 1, welding wire 2 and non-melt electrode 4 and weldingThe relative geometry position of plane is held essentially constant.For the laser beam used for optical-fiber laser, laser beam focal length is 255mm, focal spotDiameter 0.525mm.
In this step, the inclination angle of light beam and vertical aspect is 40 °, and the inclination angle of heated filament and vertical aspect is 0 °, TIG electric arcTungsten electrode tip and the inclination angle of vertical aspect be 40 °, the tungsten electrode tip of TIG electric arc and the vertical range of workpiece surface are 4mm,The tungsten electrode tip of TIG electric arc and heated filament to the horizontal distance between the position of working surface be 4mm.The defocusing amount of laser beamFor+20mm, the spot diameter after defocus in workpiece surface is about 6mm；Gage of wire is 1.2mm.
Step 4: cosmetic welding is realized using above-mentioned laser-heating wire TIG complex welding method；
Step 5: laser and laser compound welding are completed.It is verified, using method of the invention, it is possible to significantly reducing heatThermal losses of the silk in heat dissipation section, further increases the deposition efficiency of heated filament.
It should be clear that all the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment itBetween the same or similar part may refer to each other, the highlights of each of the examples are it is different from other embodiments itPlace.For the embodiment of method, related place can be found in the part explanation of Installation practice.The invention is not limited toParticular step and structure described above and shown in figure.Also, it for brevity, is omitted here to known methodThe detailed description of technology.
The above description is only an example of the present application, is not restricted to the application.The scope of the present invention is not being departed fromIn the case where to those skilled in the art, various changes and changes are possible in this application.It is all in spirit herein andAny modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so within principle, should be included within the scope of claims hereof.