技术领域technical field
本发明涉及医学领域，尤其涉及人工气道。The invention relates to the medical field, in particular to an artificial airway.
背景技术Background technique
人工气道，包括气管插管和气管切开，在危重患者救治中有着极其重要的作用。人工气道能保证上呼吸通畅、有利于气道分泌物的清除、实施有效的通气支持，是抢救呼吸衰竭、心跳呼吸骤停、进行全麻手术等不可缺少的急救医疗器械，是对危重患者进行有效呼吸管理的重要医疗用具。现有技术的单腔气管插管或气管切开套管只设计有一个高容低压气囊，最重要的特点是气囊的直径大于气管壁的直径，由于气囊充气后表面不形成张力，气囊内的压力等于气囊对气管壁产生的压力。气囊压力过高将阻断气管粘膜血流，引起气管损伤，气囊压力过低将增加气囊上滞留物进入下呼吸道的风险。因此，国内外的相关指南均推荐应将气囊压力维持于25至30cmH2O。但是，由于高容低压气囊的特点是气囊直径大于气管直径，即使将气囊维持于30cmH2O，气囊在气管内未完全膨胀，气囊表面会形成许多褶皱，这些褶皱就成为了贯通气囊与气管壁之间的上下通道。建立气管插管后，口腔分泌物、胃内返流物均可以进入气囊上方，这些气囊滞留物就可以通过气囊壁表面的褶皱进入下呼吸道。国内外研究结果显示，气囊上滞留物的吸入是呼吸机相关肺炎(ventilator associatedpneumonia，VAP)病原的重要来源，而患者一旦发生VAP，住院时间、住院费用、死亡率都将显著增加。因此，阻止气管插管患者的气囊上滞留物进入下呼吸道具有极其重要临床意义。Artificial airway, including tracheal intubation and tracheotomy, plays an extremely important role in the treatment of critically ill patients. The artificial airway can ensure unobstructed upper breathing, facilitate the removal of airway secretions, and provide effective ventilation support. It is an indispensable emergency medical device for rescuing respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and general anesthesia. An essential medical tool for effective respiratory management. The single-lumen tracheal intubation tube or tracheostomy tube of the prior art is only designed with a high-capacity low-pressure air bag. The most important feature is that the diameter of the air bag is larger than the diameter of the tracheal wall. The pressure is equal to the pressure exerted by the balloon against the tracheal wall. Excessive air bag pressure will block the blood flow of the tracheal mucosa and cause tracheal injury, and too low air bag pressure will increase the risk of air bag retention entering the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, relevant guidelines at home and abroad all recommend that the balloon pressure should be maintained at 25 to 30 cmH2 O. However, because the characteristic of the high-volume low-pressure airbag is that the diameter of the airbag is larger than the diameter of the trachea, even if the airbag is maintained at 30cmH2 O, the airbag is not fully inflated in the trachea, and many folds will be formed on the surface of the airbag. between the upper and lower passages. After the establishment of tracheal intubation, oral secretions and gastric reflux can enter above the air sac, and these air sac retentates can enter the lower respiratory tract through the folds on the surface of the air sac wall. Research results at home and abroad have shown that inhalation of retentate on the airbag is an important source of pathogens for ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and once a patient develops VAP, the length of hospital stay, hospital costs, and mortality will all increase significantly. Therefore, it has extremely important clinical significance to prevent the retentate on the air bag of patients with endotracheal intubation from entering the lower respiratory tract.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一能够阻止气囊上滞留物进入下呼吸道，从而最大程度上降低气管插管给患者带来的不利影响的人工气道。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an artificial airway that can prevent the entrapment on the air bag from entering the lower respiratory tract, thereby reducing the adverse effects of the tracheal intubation on the patient to the greatest extent.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：人工气道，包括导管，所述导管伸入气管内的一端设有气囊，所述气囊连通有气囊控制管；所述气囊包括在所述导管的延伸方向上间隔设置的上气囊和下气囊，所述上气囊和所述下气囊固定在所述导管的外壁上且充气后的上气囊和下气囊在导管和气管壁之间形成环状的上密封部和下密封部，所述上密封部、所述下密封部、所述导管及气管壁共同形成腔室，还包括向所述腔室供气的充气装置和检测所述腔室内压力的压力监测装置。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical proposal of the present invention is: artificial airway, comprises catheter, and the end of described catheter protruding into trachea is provided with air bag, and described air bag is communicated with air bag control tube; Said air bag is included in described catheter The upper air bag and the lower air bag are arranged at intervals in the extension direction of the tube, the upper air bag and the lower air bag are fixed on the outer wall of the catheter and the inflated upper air bag and the lower air bag form a ring-shaped gap between the catheter and the tracheal wall. The upper sealing part and the lower sealing part, the upper sealing part, the lower sealing part, the catheter and the tracheal wall jointly form a chamber, and also include an inflation device for supplying air to the chamber and detecting the pressure in the chamber pressure monitoring device.
作为优选的技术方案，所述充气装置包括充气设备和充气管，所述充气管包括位于所述导管内的内充气管部和延伸至导管外的外充气管部，所述内充气管部的一端与外充气管部连通，另一端与腔室连通；所述内充气管部设置在导管的外壁内或固定在导管的内腔壁上。As a preferred technical solution, the inflatable device includes an inflatable device and an inflatable tube, the inflatable tube includes an inner inflatable tube part located in the catheter and an outer inflatable tube part extending outside the catheter, the inner inflatable tube part One end communicates with the outer gas-filled tube part, and the other end communicates with the chamber; the inner gas-filled tube part is arranged in the outer wall of the catheter or fixed on the inner cavity wall of the catheter.
作为优选的技术方案，所述压力监测装置包括持续测压设备和测压管，所述测压管包括位于所述导管内的内测压管部和延伸至导管外的外测压管部，所述内测压管部一端与所述外测压管部连通，另一端与所述腔室连通；所述内测压管部设置在所述导管的外壁内或固定在导管的内腔壁上。As a preferred technical solution, the pressure monitoring device includes a continuous pressure measurement device and a pressure measurement tube, and the pressure measurement tube includes an inner pressure measurement tube part located in the catheter and an outer pressure measurement tube part extending outside the catheter, One end of the inner pressure measuring tube communicates with the outer pressure measuring tube, and the other end communicates with the chamber; the inner pressure measuring tube is arranged in the outer wall of the catheter or fixed on the inner wall of the catheter superior.
作为优选的技术方案，所述上气囊和所述下气囊之间的距离为0.5～1cm，所述上气囊和所述下气囊的长度均为为1.5-2cm，所述上气囊的上端至所述下气囊的下端间的距离为3.5～5cm。As a preferred technical proposal, the distance between the upper airbag and the lower airbag is 0.5-1 cm, the lengths of the upper airbag and the lower airbag are both 1.5-2 cm, and the distance between the upper end of the upper airbag and the lower airbag is 0.5-1 cm. The distance between the lower ends of the lower airbags is 3.5-5 cm.
作为优选的技术方案，所述上气囊和所述下气囊充气后的外径相同，所述上气囊和所述下气囊的长度相同。As a preferred technical solution, the inflated outer diameters of the upper airbag and the lower airbag are the same, and the lengths of the upper airbag and the lower airbag are the same.
作为优选的技术方案，所述上气囊和所述下气囊通过气体通道连通，至少所述上气囊、所述下气囊和所述气体通道中的一个与所述气囊控制管的内端连通。As a preferred technical solution, the upper airbag and the lower airbag communicate with each other through a gas channel, and at least one of the upper airbag, the lower airbag and the gas channel communicates with the inner end of the airbag control tube.
作为优选的技术方案，所述气囊控制管的外端连接有指示气囊，所述气囊控制管的内端伸入所述导管内且伸入所述导管内的所述气囊控制管固定在所述导管的外壁内或内腔壁上。As a preferred technical solution, the outer end of the air bag control tube is connected with an indicating air bag, the inner end of the air bag control tube extends into the catheter and the air bag control tube extending into the catheter is fixed on the In the outer wall of the catheter or on the lumen wall.
作为优选的技术方案，所述腔室内的压力设定为10～20cmH2O，所述上气囊和所述下气囊内的压力为25～30cmH2O。As a preferred technical solution, the pressure in the chamber is set to 10-20 cmH2 O, and the pressure in the upper airbag and the lower airbag is set to 25-30 cmH2 O.
作为优选的技术方案，所述内充气管部的一端与外充气管部连通，所述内充气管部的另一端开口于上气囊与下气囊之间的导管的外壁，与腔室连通。As a preferred technical solution, one end of the inner inflatable tube communicates with the outer inflatable tube, and the other end of the inner inflatable tube opens to the outer wall of the conduit between the upper airbag and the lower airbag and communicates with the chamber.
作为优选的技术方案，所述内测压管部一端与所述外测压管部连通，另一端开口于所述上气囊与所述下气囊之间的所述导管的外壁，与腔室连通。As a preferred technical solution, one end of the inner pressure measuring tube part communicates with the outer pressure measuring tube part, and the other end opens on the outer wall of the catheter between the upper air bag and the lower air bag, and communicates with the chamber .
由于采用了上述技术方案，人工气道在导管伸入气管内的部分设置有上气囊和下气囊，充气后的环状的上气囊和下气囊分别在导管与气管壁之间形成上密封部和下密封部，上密封部、下密封部和相应部位的导管、气管壁共同构成相对封闭的腔室。腔室内的导管外壁上分别设置有充气口和测压口：1、充气口与充气管连通，充气设备通过充气管对腔室内充气，并维持一个正压环境；2、测压口与测压管连通，持续测压设备通过测压管对腔室内的正压连续监测，依据测压设备反馈的气压值通过充气装置对腔室内的气压进行调节。腔室内的正压不受呼吸机脱开、气道内吸引、患者自主呼吸努力所影响，能维持相对稳定。当正压水平超过气囊上方滞留物产生的静水压时，就能防止气囊上的滞留物通过气囊与气管壁之间的褶皱通道进入下呼吸道。即使由于患者活动而导致气囊在气管内发生位移，从而引起气囊与气管壁之间的皱褶通道变大时，腔室内上流的正压气体同样可以防止气囊上滞留物下流，从而防止或减少气囊上滞留物进入下呼吸道，降低了人工气道对患者的不利影响。Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the artificial airway is provided with an upper air bag and a lower air bag at the part where the catheter extends into the trachea, and the inflated annular upper air bag and lower air bag respectively form an upper sealing part and a lower air bag between the catheter and the tracheal wall. The lower sealing part, the upper sealing part, the lower sealing part and the catheter and the tracheal wall of the corresponding parts together form a relatively closed chamber. The outer wall of the conduit in the chamber is respectively provided with an inflation port and a pressure measurement port: 1. The inflation port is connected with the inflation tube, and the inflation device inflates the chamber through the inflation tube, and maintains a positive pressure environment; 2. The pressure measurement port and the pressure measurement port The continuous pressure measurement equipment continuously monitors the positive pressure in the chamber through the pressure measurement tube, and adjusts the air pressure in the chamber through the inflation device according to the air pressure value fed back by the pressure measurement equipment. The positive pressure in the chamber is not affected by the disengagement of the ventilator, the suction in the airway, and the patient's spontaneous breathing effort, and can remain relatively stable. When the positive pressure level exceeds the hydrostatic pressure generated by the retentate above the air bag, it prevents the retentate on the air bag from entering the lower airway through the folded channel between the air bag and the tracheal wall. Even if the air bag is displaced in the trachea due to patient activity, causing the crease channel between the air bag and the tracheal wall to become larger, the positive pressure gas flowing upward in the chamber can also prevent the retentate on the air bag from flowing down, thereby preventing or reducing air bag pressure. The upper retentate enters the lower respiratory tract, reducing the adverse effects of the artificial airway on the patient.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.
图1是本发明实施例使用状态示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the use status of the embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例中气囊的结构原理示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and principle of the airbag in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例的插入端的第一视角视图；Figure 3 is a first perspective view of the insertion end of an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例的插入端的第二视角视图；Figure 4 is a second perspective view of the insertion end of an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例的导管与充气管、测压管及气囊控制管的第二种连接方式示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the second connection mode between the catheter and the inflatable tube, the pressure measuring tube and the air bag control tube according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例的导管与充气管、测压管及气囊控制管的第三种连接方式示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a third connection mode between the catheter and the inflatable tube, the pressure measuring tube and the airbag control tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图7是本发明实施例的导管与充气管、测压管及气囊控制管的第四种连接方式示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fourth connection mode between the catheter and the inflatable tube, the pressure measuring tube and the airbag control tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图中：1-导管；11-侧孔；2-上气囊；3-下气囊；4-指示气囊；5-单向阀；6-气囊控制管；7-测压管；71-测压口；8-充气管；81-充气口；9-腔室；10-气管壁。In the figure: 1-duct; 11-side hole; 2-upper airbag; 3-lower airbag; 4-indicating airbag; 5-one-way valve; 6-airbag control tube; 7-pressure measuring tube; 71-pressure measuring port ; 8-inflatable tube; 81-inflatable port; 9-chamber; 10-tracheal wall.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1和图2所示，人工气道，包括导管1，导管1的外端设置连接用的接头，接头与各种呼吸支持设备相连接，各种呼吸支持设备包括呼吸机、麻醉机以及简易呼吸器，导管1的内端端面设置成斜切面，减少气管插管操作时的视野遮挡，导管1内端的外壁上设有侧孔11，当导管1的端面上的开口被堵塞时，气体可通过侧孔11进出气道。导管1伸入气管内的一端的端部外侧设有气囊，气囊包括在导管1的延伸方向上间隔设置的上气囊2和下气囊3，上气囊2和下气囊3固定在导管1的外壁上。上气囊2和下气囊3分别为独立形成密封腔的气囊体，该气囊体与导管1的外壁密封连接后与导管1的外壁共同形成密封的腔体，如图2所示。上气囊2和下气囊3之间的距离为0.5～1cm，上气囊2和下气囊3的长度设定为1.5-2cm，上气囊2的上端至下气囊3的下端间的距离为3.5～5cm，处于上述范围值内的上气囊2和下气囊3与气管解剖结构适应性好，能确保上气囊2和下气囊3均位于气管内，并能够很好的适应插管操作。上气囊2与下气囊3的长度及充气后的直径均相同，方便加工制作。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the artificial airway includes a catheter 1, the outer end of the catheter 1 is provided with a connector for connection, and the connector is connected to various respiratory support equipment, and various respiratory support equipment includes ventilators, anesthesia machines and Simple respirator, the inner end surface of the catheter 1 is set as an oblique cut surface to reduce the view shielding during tracheal intubation operation, the outer wall of the inner end of the catheter 1 is provided with a side hole 11, when the opening on the end surface of the catheter 1 is blocked, the gas The air passage can be entered and exited through the side hole 11. The outer end of one end of the catheter 1 extending into the trachea is provided with an air bag, and the air bag includes an upper air bag 2 and a lower air bag 3 arranged at intervals in the extending direction of the catheter 1, and the upper air bag 2 and the lower air bag 3 are fixed on the outer wall of the catheter 1 . The upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 are airbag bodies independently forming a sealed cavity, and the airbag body is sealed and connected with the outer wall of the catheter 1 to form a sealed cavity together with the outer wall of the catheter 1, as shown in FIG. 2 . The distance between the upper air bag 2 and the lower air bag 3 is 0.5-1 cm, the length of the upper air bag 2 and the lower air bag 3 is set to 1.5-2 cm, and the distance between the upper end of the upper air bag 2 and the lower end of the lower air bag 3 is 3.5-5 cm , the upper balloon 2 and the lower balloon 3 within the above range have good adaptability to the anatomical structure of the trachea, can ensure that both the upper balloon 2 and the lower balloon 3 are located in the trachea, and can be well adapted to the intubation operation. The length and inflated diameter of the upper air bag 2 and the lower air bag 3 are the same, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing.
如图1和图2所示，充气后的上气囊2和下气囊3在导管1和气管壁10之间形成环状的上密封部和下密封部，上密封部、下密封部和位于两者之间的导管1及气管壁10共同形成腔室9。其中，上气囊2和下气囊3内的压力设定为25～30cmH2O，该范围内的上气囊2和下气囊3的压力小于气管粘膜血流的压力，降低气管损伤的风险。还包括气囊控制管6，气囊控制管6的外端连接有指示气囊4，指示气囊设置有单向阀5。指示气囊4通过气囊控制管6与上气囊2和下气囊3相连通，利用指示气囊4可以对上气囊2和下气囊3进行充气和测压，使得上气囊2和下气囊3内的气体压力达到25-30cmH2O，例如使用手持式德国VBM气囊测压表与指示气囊4连接后对上气囊2和下气囊3进行充气测压，保证工作时上气囊2和下气囊3与气管壁10相抵。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 after inflating form an annular upper sealing part and a lower sealing part between the catheter 1 and the tracheal wall 10, and the upper sealing part, the lower sealing part and the The catheter 1 and the tracheal wall 10 between them form a chamber 9 together. Wherein, the pressure in the upper balloon 2 and the lower balloon 3 is set at 25-30 cmH2 O, and the pressure of the upper balloon 2 and the lower balloon 3 within this range is lower than the pressure of the tracheal mucosal blood flow, reducing the risk of tracheal injury. It also includes an airbag control pipe 6, the outer end of which is connected with an indicating airbag 4, and the indicating airbag is provided with a one-way valve 5. The indicator airbag 4 is connected with the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 through the airbag control tube 6, and the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 can be inflated and measured by using the indicator airbag 4, so that the gas pressure in the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 To reach 25-30cmH2 O, for example, use a hand-held German VBM airbag pressure gauge to connect the indicator airbag 4 and then inflate the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 to ensure that the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 are in contact with the tracheal wall 10 offset.
使用时，上气囊2和下气囊3共同使用气囊控制管6充气，上气囊2和下气囊3通过气体通道连通，上气囊2、下气囊3和气体通道中的任一个与气囊控制管6连通即可。该气体通道可通过在导管1的外壁内设置通道形成，也可通过位于导管1内腔内的管件等方式形成。最优的，如图2所示，气体通道设置在导管1的外壁内。气囊控制管6的内端伸入导管1内并与气体通道连通，伸入导管1内的气囊控制管6设置在导管1的外壁内或内腔壁上。During use, the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 use the airbag control tube 6 to inflate together, the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 communicate through the gas channel, and any one of the upper airbag 2, the lower airbag 3 and the gas channel communicates with the airbag control tube 6 That's it. The gas channel can be formed by providing channels in the outer wall of the catheter 1 , or by means of pipes located in the lumen of the catheter 1 . Optimally, as shown in FIG. 2 , the gas channel is arranged in the outer wall of the conduit 1 . The inner end of the air bag control tube 6 extends into the catheter 1 and communicates with the gas channel, and the air bag control tube 6 extending into the catheter 1 is arranged on the outer wall of the catheter 1 or on the lumen wall.
还包括向腔室9供气的充气装置和检测腔室9内压力的压力监测装置。其中，充气装置包括充气设备和充气管8，充气管8包括位于导管1内的内充气管部和伸出导管1外的外充气管部，内充气管部一端与外充气管部连通，另一端与腔室9连通，具体的，位于上气囊2和下气囊3之间的导管1的外壁上设有与腔室9连通的充气口81，充气口81与内充气管部连接。内充气管部设置在导管1的外壁内或固定在导管1的内腔壁上。外充气管部远离内充气管部的一端与充气设备连通，充气设备可采用行业通用的气泵等设备。It also includes an inflation device for supplying air to the chamber 9 and a pressure monitoring device for detecting the pressure in the chamber 9 . Wherein, the inflation device comprises an inflation device and an inflation tube 8, and the inflation tube 8 includes an inner inflation tube portion located in the catheter 1 and an outer inflation tube portion extending out of the catheter 1, one end of the inner inflation tube portion communicates with the outer inflation tube portion, and the other end It communicates with the chamber 9, specifically, the outer wall of the catheter 1 between the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 is provided with an inflation port 81 communicating with the chamber 9, and the inflation port 81 is connected to the inner inflation tube. The inner gas-filled tube part is arranged in the outer wall of the catheter 1 or fixed on the lumen wall of the catheter 1 . The end of the outer inflation pipe part away from the inner inflation pipe part is connected with the inflatable equipment, and the inflatable equipment can adopt equipment such as an air pump commonly used in the industry.
压力监测装置包括持续测压设备和测压管7，测压管7包括位于导管1内的内测压管部和伸出导管1外的外测压管部，内测压管部一端与外测压管部连通，另一端与腔室9连通，具体的，位于上气囊2和下气囊3之间的导管1上设有与腔室9连通的测压口71，测压口71与内测压管部连接。内测压管部设置在导管1的外壁内或固定在导管1的内腔壁上。外测压管部远离内测压管部的一端与持续测压设备连通，持续测压设备采用如下具体型号设备，例如与飞利浦多能监护仪的测压系统相连接，进行持续监测，监护仪可设置压力高低报警值，保证腔室9的压力处于安全水平。根据压力监测装置反馈的腔室9的压力值，通过充气装置调节腔室9的气压，腔室内的压力设定为10～20cmH2O，从上呼吸道的结构特点可以明确，10～20cmH2O的正压在很大程度上能防止这种吸入的发生，同时国外论文《Mechanicalinfluences on fluid leakage past the tracheal tube cuff in a benchtop model》,公开了这样的技术指标。The pressure monitoring device includes a continuous pressure measurement device and a pressure measurement tube 7. The pressure measurement tube 7 includes an inner pressure measurement tube part located in the catheter 1 and an outer pressure measurement tube part extending out of the catheter 1. One end of the inner pressure measurement tube part is connected to the outer pressure measurement tube part. The pressure tube part is in communication, and the other end is in communication with the chamber 9. Specifically, the conduit 1 between the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 is provided with a pressure measurement port 71 communicating with the chamber 9, and the pressure measurement port 71 is connected to the internal measurement port. Pressure tube connection. The inner pressure measuring tube part is arranged in the outer wall of the catheter 1 or fixed on the lumen wall of the catheter 1 . The end of the outer pressure measurement tube away from the inner pressure measurement tube is connected to the continuous pressure measurement equipment. The continuous pressure measurement equipment adopts the following specific types of equipment, for example, it is connected to the pressure measurement system of the Philips multi-energy monitor for continuous monitoring. The pressure high and low alarm values can be set to ensure that the pressure of the chamber 9 is at a safe level. According to the pressure value of the chamber 9 fed back by the pressure monitoring device, the air pressure of the chamber 9 is adjusted through the inflator, and the pressure in the chamber is set at 10-20 cmH2 O. From the structural characteristics of the upper respiratory tract, it can be clearly seen that 10-20 cmH2 O The positive pressure of the tracheal tube cuff in a benchtop model can prevent this kind of inhalation to a large extent. At the same time, the foreign paper "Mechanical influences on fluid leakage past the tracheal tube cuff in a benchtop model" discloses such technical indicators.
气囊控制管6、测压管7和充气管8与导管1具有多种连接方式，其中第一种实施方式就是将气囊控制管6、内测压管部和内充气管部均集成在导管1的外壁内，如图2和图4所示，导管加工制作时直接在导管1的外壁内形成气囊控制管6、内测压管部和内充气管部；第二种实施方式则是将气囊控制管6、内测压管部和内充气管部中的一个或两个集成在导管1的外壁内，其他的则由固定在导管1内壁上的管件形成，如图5所示的实施例中，测压管7的内测压管部单独由管件形成且固定在导管1的内腔壁上，气囊控制管6和充气管8的内充气管部则集成在导管1外壁内；第三种实施方式是气囊控制管6、测压管7的内测压管部和充气管8的内充气管部均固定在导管1内腔壁上，这里是以管件的结构贴合设置在导管内腔壁上的，如图6所示，第四种实施方式是气囊控制管6、测压管7的内测压管部和充气管8的内充气管部均由固定在导管1内腔壁上的管径形成，如图7所示。图2和图4所对应的第一种实施方式，是本实施例的最优实施方式。The airbag control tube 6, the pressure measuring tube 7 and the inflatable tube 8 have multiple connection methods with the catheter 1, and the first embodiment is to integrate the airbag control tube 6, the inner pressure measuring tube and the inner inflation tube into the catheter 1. In the outer wall of the catheter 1, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, the balloon control tube 6, the inner pressure measuring tube part and the inner inflation tube part are directly formed in the outer wall of the catheter 1 when the catheter is manufactured; One or two of the control tube 6, the inner pressure measuring tube part and the inner inflation tube part are integrated in the outer wall of the conduit 1, and the others are formed by pipe fittings fixed on the inner wall of the conduit 1, as shown in the embodiment shown in Figure 5 Among them, the inner pressure-measuring tube portion of the pressure-measuring tube 7 is formed solely by a pipe fitting and is fixed on the lumen wall of the catheter 1, and the inner inflation tube portion of the balloon control tube 6 and the inflation tube 8 are integrated in the outer wall of the catheter 1; the third One embodiment is that the inner pressure measuring tube part of the airbag control tube 6, the pressure measuring tube 7 and the inner inflation tube part of the inflation tube 8 are all fixed on the inner cavity wall of the catheter 1, and here the structure of the pipe fitting is fitted inside the catheter On the cavity wall, as shown in Figure 6, the fourth embodiment is that the inner pressure measuring tube part of the airbag control tube 6, the pressure measuring tube 7 and the inner inflation tube part of the inflation tube 8 are all fixed on the inner cavity wall of the catheter 1 The upper pipe diameter is formed, as shown in Figure 7. The first implementation manner corresponding to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 is the optimal implementation manner of this embodiment.
上述的人工气道不仅可用作气管插管也可用作气管切开套管，气囊控制管3、充气管8和测压管7均埋设在导管1的外壁的内部(外壁内)，导管1外观简洁，方便插管操作，减小操作过程对患者造成创伤的几率。气管插管建立后，上气囊2靠近气管的声门方向，下气囊3靠近气管的隆突方向。上气囊2和下气囊3在充气后在导管1和气管壁10之间分别形成环状的上密封部和环状的下密封部，上密封部、下密封部和相应部位的气管壁10共同构成相对封闭的腔室9。与腔室9对应处的导管1外壁设置两个独立的开口，两个开口分别用作充气口81和测压口71，充气设备通过充气管8向腔室9内充入气体，压力监测设备通过测压管7获取腔室9内的气压值。充气设备、充气管8、持续测压设备和测压管7共同实现对腔室9内的正压进行连续监测和实时调节。腔室9内压力调节过程可由医护人员完成，医护人员根据测压表反馈的腔室9内的压力值与要求的压力值进行比较，及时通过充气装置的对腔室9充气实现腔室9的压力调整；腔室9内压力调节也可由控制设备完成；无论是通过医护人员还是通过控制设备对腔室9的压力进行调节，以实现腔室9内压力在要求范围内即可，从而实现腔室9内压力稳定，维持良好的密封，避免气囊上滞留物的吸入。The above-mentioned artificial airway can be used not only as a tracheal intubation but also as a tracheotomy sleeve. The balloon control tube 3, the inflation tube 8 and the pressure measuring tube 7 are all embedded in the outer wall of the catheter 1 (inside the outer wall). 1. The appearance is simple, which is convenient for intubation operation and reduces the chance of trauma to the patient during the operation. After the tracheal intubation is established, the upper air bag 2 is close to the glottis direction of the trachea, and the lower air bag 3 is close to the carina direction of the trachea. After the upper airbag 2 and the lower airbag 3 are inflated, an annular upper sealing part and an annular lower sealing part are respectively formed between the catheter 1 and the tracheal wall 10. A relatively closed chamber 9 is formed. The outer wall of the conduit 1 corresponding to the chamber 9 is provided with two independent openings, and the two openings are respectively used as an inflatable port 81 and a pressure measuring port 71. The inflatable device fills the chamber 9 with gas through the inflatable tube 8, and the pressure monitoring device The air pressure value in the chamber 9 is obtained through the pressure measuring tube 7 . The inflatable device, the inflatable tube 8 , the continuous pressure measuring device and the pressure measuring tube 7 jointly realize the continuous monitoring and real-time adjustment of the positive pressure in the chamber 9 . The pressure adjustment process in the chamber 9 can be completed by the medical personnel. The medical personnel compare the pressure value in the chamber 9 fed back by the pressure gauge with the required pressure value, and inflate the chamber 9 through the inflator in time to realize the adjustment of the chamber 9. Pressure adjustment; the pressure adjustment in the chamber 9 can also be completed by the control equipment; whether it is through the medical staff or through the control equipment to adjust the pressure of the chamber 9, so that the pressure in the chamber 9 can be within the required range, so as to realize the pressure adjustment of the chamber 9. The pressure in the chamber 9 is stable, maintains a good seal, and avoids the inhalation of the retentate on the airbag.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910643770.0ACN110237390A (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2019-07-17 | artificial airway |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910643770.0ACN110237390A (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2019-07-17 | artificial airway |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110237390Atrue CN110237390A (en) | 2019-09-17 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910643770.0APendingCN110237390A (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2019-07-17 | artificial airway |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN110237390A (en) |
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| CN113855965A (en)* | 2020-06-30 | 2021-12-31 | 北京万生人和科技有限公司 | Artificial airway |
| CN113855966A (en)* | 2020-06-30 | 2021-12-31 | 北京万生人和科技有限公司 | Artificial airway |
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| CN114432559A (en)* | 2022-02-08 | 2022-05-06 | 无锡圣诺亚科技有限公司 | A ventilating conduit and connecting device with stable pressure difference |
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| CN113855965A (en)* | 2020-06-30 | 2021-12-31 | 北京万生人和科技有限公司 | Artificial airway |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
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| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | Application publication date:20190917 |