CN110233353B - Metamaterial unit and metamaterial-based double-layer radiation antenna device - Google Patents
Metamaterial unit and metamaterial-based double-layer radiation antenna deviceDownload PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0093—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices having a fractal shape
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency microwaves, in particular to a metamaterial unit and a metamaterial-based double-layer radiation antenna device.
Background
The antenna is an inlet and an outlet of the wireless communication, and influences the performance of the wireless communication system. In the prior art, the types of antennas are more and more, and microstrip antennas are widely applied to various fields by virtue of the advantages of small size, easiness in integration and the like as typical representatives of microwave frequency band antennas. However, the use of microstrip antennas is limited by their narrow bandwidth, low directivity, and high loss. With the continuous improvement of the antenna performance requirements of various devices, the design of high-gain high-directivity microstrip antennas becomes the key point of research.
The traditional optimization method cannot break through the bottleneck of mutual restriction in aspects of physical size, bandwidth, gain and the like, so that the performance improvement of the antenna by adopting the metamaterial is widely concerned and deeply researched since the metamaterial is manufactured in 2001. However, the methods for improving the performance of the antenna by using the metamaterial are limited, and how to jointly realize the great improvement of the performance of the antenna by using the same unit structure and adopting different methods are still problems to be explored and solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to provide a metamaterial unit and a dual-layer radiation antenna device based on a metamaterial, which can improve antenna gain and directivity, in view of the differences in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a metamaterial unit A comprises a substrate A and a microstructure A attached to the substrate A through metal, wherein the microstructure A comprises a triangle with two open top corners and a line segment connecting the midpoints of the bottom sides of the two triangles.
According to the scheme, the triangle is an isosceles triangle.
According to the scheme, the base angle of the isosceles triangle is 30-50 degrees.
According to the scheme, the microstructure B comprises a substrate B and a microstructure B which is attached to the substrate B by metal, wherein the microstructure B comprises two heart shapes with small ends opened and a line segment connecting the midpoints of the large ends of the two heart shapes.
The invention also provides a metamaterial-based double-layer radiation antenna device, which comprises a basic antenna structure and a cover plate structure, wherein the basic antenna structure comprises a first medium substrate layer, a second medium substrate layer, a feed layer and a metal probe, the first medium substrate layer, the second medium substrate layer and the feed layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, an upper radiation patch is printed on the first medium substrate layer, a lower radiation patch is printed on the second medium substrate layer, the upper radiation patch is positioned above the lower radiation patch, and the centers of the two radiation patches are opposite up and down; a metal grounding plate is arranged between the second medium substrate layer and the feed layer; the bottom of the feed layer is provided with a feed line; the upper radiation patch, the lower radiation patch and the feeder line are all connected with the metal probe; the metal probes are vertically arranged, the upper end faces of the metal probes are flush with the upper surface of the first medium substrate layer, and the lower end faces of the metal probes are flush with the lower surface of the feed layer; the cover plate structure is arranged right above the first medium substrate layer and is parallel to the first medium substrate layer.
According to the scheme, a plurality of microstructures A/microstructures B are arrayed on the two opposite upper and lower surfaces of the shroud plate structure, and the microstructures A/microstructures B on the shroud plate structure are opposite to the first medium substrate layer.
According to the scheme, a plurality of microstructures A/microstructures B are attached to the surface of the first medium substrate layer, and the microstructures A/microstructures B are uniformly distributed on the first medium substrate layer.
According to the scheme, a plurality of microstructures A/microstructures B are etched on the upper radiation patch, and the size of the microstructures A/microstructures B on the upper radiation patch is 0.5 times that of the microstructures A/microstructures B on the first medium substrate layer.
According to the scheme, the microstructure A/microstructure B is etched in the center of the lower radiation patch, and the size of the microstructure A/microstructure B on the lower radiation patch is 0.5 times that of the microstructure A/microstructure B on the first medium substrate layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a deformation structure of an opening double-resonance ring with double triangular double peach cores and a middle short metal wire connecting the two deformation ring structures as a microstructure, and combines the microstructure periodic array to follow a design method of left-handed materials (both dielectric constant and magnetic permeability are less than zero). After the two microstructures are used for radiating the antenna device, the directivity and the gain of the antenna are improved, the half-power width is reduced by about 50 percent, and the performance of the antenna device is greatly improved; the invention adopts a cover plate structure, the radiation patch etching patterns can converge electromagnetic wave beams to enable the electromagnetic wave beams to be emitted along the normal direction of the interface, and the structure added on the surface of the substrate can inhibit surface waves, thereby realizing a high-directional antenna; the invention adopts the back feed type long probe to feed, the metal probe is communicated to the radiation patch on the uppermost layer from the microstrip feed line all the way, and the parasitic radiation can be effectively reduced; the invention has reasonable design, good feasibility and high stability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial unit a in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial unit B according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-layer radiation antenna device according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the basic antenna structure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a side view of the basic antenna structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a patch etching structure in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a substrate loading structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the construction of the sheathing of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph of S-transmission for metamaterial unit A.
FIG. 10 is an equivalent dielectric constant of metamaterial unit A.
FIG. 11 is an equivalent dielectric constant of metamaterial unit A.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a radiation direction of a conventional antenna.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the radiation direction of the radiation antenna device according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a S-curve diagram of a conventional antenna and the radiating antenna device of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a gain curve diagram of a conventional antenna and the radiating antenna device of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a substrate A; 2. a microstructure A; 3. a substrate B; 4. a microstructure B; 5. a first dielectric substrate layer; 6. a second dielectric substrate layer; 7. a feed layer; 8. a metal probe; 9. an upper radiation patch; 10. a lower radiation patch; 11. a feed line; 12. a metal ground plate; 13. a sheathing structure;
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A metamaterial unit a as shown in fig. 1, comprising a substrate a1, and a microstructure a2 attached to the substrate a1 by metal, wherein the microstructure a2 comprises two triangles with open top corners, and a line segment connecting midpoints of bottom edges of the two triangles; the triangle is an isosceles triangle. In this embodiment, two base angles of the isosceles triangle of the microstructure a2 are 30 ° to 50 °, and preferably 40 ° to 45 ° (it is easier to realize near-zero refractive index characteristics), as shown in fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the metamaterial unit B includes a substrate B3, and a microstructure B4 attached to the substrate B3 by metal, wherein the microstructure B4 is formed by metal printing and includes a heart shape with two small ends open, and a line segment connecting the midpoints of the two large ends of the heart shape, the arc length of the single side of the heart shape is about 5mm, and the resonance point can be slightly shifted by a fine adjustment radian.
Fig. 3 to 5 show a metamaterial-based dual-layer radiating antenna device, which includes a metamaterial functional structure and a base antenna structure. The metamaterial functional structure comprises a coating structure, an etching structure and a substrate loading structure; the basic antenna structure comprises a firstmedium substrate layer 5, a secondmedium substrate layer 6, afeed layer 7 and ametal probe 8, wherein the firstmedium substrate layer 5, the secondmedium substrate layer 6 and thefeed layer 7 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, anupper radiation patch 9 is printed on the firstmedium substrate layer 5, alower radiation patch 10 is printed on the secondmedium substrate layer 6, theupper radiation patch 9 is positioned above thelower radiation patch 10, and the centers of the two radiation patches are opposite to each other up and down; ametal grounding plate 12 is arranged between the secondmedium substrate layer 6 and thefeed layer 7; afeeder line 11 is arranged at the bottom of thefeeder layer 7; theupper radiation patch 9, thelower radiation patch 10 and thefeeder line 11 are all connected with themetal probe 8; themetal probes 8 are vertically arranged, the upper end faces of the metal probes are flush with the upper surface of the firstmedium substrate layer 5, and the lower end faces of themetal probes 8 are flush with the lower surface of thefeed layer 7; thecover plate structure 13 is disposed right above the firstdielectric substrate layer 5 and is parallel to the firstdielectric substrate layer 5. In this example, "Rogers RT/duroid 5880(tm)" was used to give a thickness of 0.787mm for thesheathing 13. The firstdielectric substrate layer 5, the seconddielectric substrate layer 6 and thefeed layer 7 all adopt a 'Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm)', the thicknesses of the three layers are 0.787mm, 0.787mm and 0.381mm from top to bottom, and generally follow 2:2:1, for the basic antenna structure: l6.1 mm, Wl 3.7mm, L2 5.5mm, w2 7mm, wf 1mm, lf 7mm, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the upper and lower surfaces of thesuperstrate structure 13 are arrayed with a plurality of microstructures a 2/microstructure B4, and the microstructures a 2/microstructure B4 on thesuperstrate structure 13 are opposite to the firstdielectric substrate layer 5.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, a plurality of microstructures a 2/microstructure B4 are attached to the surface of the firstmedium substrate layer 5, and microstructures a 2/microstructure B4 are uniformly distributed on the firstmedium substrate layer 5.
Preferably, several microstructures a 2/B4 are etched on theupper radiation patch 9 and a microstructure a 2/B4 is etched in the center of thelower radiation patch 10. Specifically, theupper radiation patch 9 is a rectangular structure, and can be divided into four partitions, namely, an upper partition, a lower partition, a left partition, a right partition, and a left partition, and a microstructure a 2/a microstructure B4 is etched in the center of each partition. In this embodiment, the size of the microstructures a 2/B4 on the upper andlower radiation patches 10 is 0.5 times the size of the microstructures a 2/B4 on the firstdielectric substrate layer 5.
Examples
The specific structures and related dimensions are as follows:
1. metamaterial microstructure a 2: the metamaterial microstructure A2 is a copper structure, the substrate is a Rogers RT/duroid 5880(tm), the thickness is 0.787mm, the metamaterial microstructure unit A2 on the metamaterial microstructure unit A is printed by pure copper in an attached mode, the electric conductivity of the copper structure is 58.0MS/m, the thickness of the copper structure is 0.035mm, other dimensions of the microstructure are c-0.2 mm, g-0.3 mm, h-0.5 mm, m-1.3, k-0.4 mm, l-3.7 mm and a-b-5 mm; incident waves are incident on the surface of the material along the X-axis direction, the polarization direction of an electric field is in the Y-axis direction, and the direction of a magnetic field is in the Z-axis direction, as shown in figure 1. The characteristic simulation results of the metamaterial unit A are shown in fig. 9-11, the equivalent permeability of the metamaterial unit A is close to zero in a frequency band from 13GHz to 17GHz, and the real part of the equivalent dielectric constant is within 10, so that the microstructure A has a near-zero refractive index property (the refractive index is equal to the square of the product of the equivalent dielectric constant and the equivalent permeability).
2. Metamaterial microstructure B4: as shown in fig. 2, the metamaterial microstructure B4 is attached to a dielectric plate by a resonant ring deformation structure using copper, and its specific dimensions are: the length of the heart-shaped single-side arc is about 5mm, and the radian can be finely adjusted to translate the resonance point.
The components of the double-layer radiation antenna device adopt a metamaterial microstructure A2:
1. dielectric substrate layers (including a firstdielectric substrate layer 5, a seconddielectric substrate layer 6, and a feed layer 7): the dielectric substrate layer is a rectangular structure with the thickness of 1.957mm (0.787mm +0.787mm +0.383mm), and the size of the microstructure A2 designed on the substrate is adjusted as follows: l is 4.1mm, and other parameters are unchanged; two rows and two columns of four metamaterial microstructures are arranged on the surface of themedium substrate layer 5.
2. Upper and lower radiation patches 10: the four microstructures A2/B4 are reduced by 0.5 times in total and then are arranged at the centers of the upper, lower, left and right partitions of theupper radiation patch 9, one metamaterial microstructure is reduced by 0.5 times in total and then is arranged at the center of thelower radiation patch 10, and at the moment, the metamaterial microstructure on thelower radiation patch 10 is positioned at the centers of the four metamaterial microstructures of theupper radiation patch 9. The sizes of the two patches are properly optimized, so that two different resonance points are generated, the frequency difference of the two resonance points is not large, and the impedance bandwidth of the unit antenna can be effectively increased.
3. The metal probe 8: the back feed type long probe is adopted for feeding, and themetal probe 8 is communicated with the radiation patch on the uppermost layer from the microstrip feeder line all the way, so that parasitic radiation can be effectively reduced; two different layers of metal patches may produce different resonant frequencies.
4. The sheathing structure 13: through optimization and adjustment, when the cladding is 20mm away from the antenna, the maximum gain is 9.12dB, and compared with the situation that the metamaterial microstructure and theshroud plate structure 13 in the application are not adopted, the gain is increased by 34.1%.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the metal ring generates an induced electromagnetic field in a changing magnetic field perpendicular to the metal ring, but is not a resonant system. To generate a resonant reinforced magnetic response, a capacitance needs to be introduced. Because the inductor and the capacitor together form a resonant circuit (the metal ring can be regarded as an inductor). To this end, a gap is added to each metal ring, forming a capacitor across which charge can accumulate. Such a split ring is analogous to a resonant circuit with two capacitors. The two split rings are used because the electric charges accumulated in the single split ring can generate electric dipole moments to weaken the electromagnetic dipole moment which is wanted by us, and the electric dipole moments generated by the split rings with the two split openings oppositely arranged can be mutually cancelled. The specific properties of metamaterials depend on their novel design structure, not the substrate material on which they are based. The precise geometry, dimensions, orientation and arrangement of these elements give them exceptional properties for controlling electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency, such as: reflected waves, wave absorption, wave convergence or wave propagation direction change, thereby achieving advantages over conventional materials. The metamaterial with the refractive index equal to zero or close to zero can be used for shaping a radiation field, theoretically, the phase of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the zero-refractive-index metamaterial (ZIM) is changed to be zero, and the wave front of an emergent wave is parallel to the interface, so that the wave front of the electromagnetic wave, such as a convergent wave, can be changed by changing the interface of the ZIM, the characteristics of a surface wave or a reflected wave are restrained, and finally high-gain directional radiation of the antenna is realized.
In this embodiment, the metamaterial unit a/metamaterial unit B has a near-zero refractive index characteristic (the size, the angle, the radian, and the like of two microstructures are adjusted, so that the two microstructures have a near-zero refractive index characteristic in different frequency ranges), and after the two microstructures are jointly applied to the broadband double-layer microstrip antenna device, simulation analysis and calculation are performed: as can be seen from fig. 12 to 15, the performance of the antenna is significantly improved: the half-power widths of the E surface and the H surface are respectively from 76 degrees to 30 degrees and from 82 degrees to 38 degrees, the contraction is about 50 percent, and the radiation directivity of the antenna is greatly improved; in the frequency band of 13GHz to 17GHz, the gain of the antenna is improved to different degrees, the gain from 14GHz to 16GHz is more remarkable, and the gain at 15GHz is improved by 67.64%. The antenna bandwidth (S11< -10dB) is slightly narrower than before loading, but the relative bandwidth is still close to 20%, which belongs to the bandwidth antenna.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the above-mentioned embodiments, or equivalent substitutions of some technical features, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A metamaterial-based double-layer radiation antenna device is characterized by comprising a basic antenna structure and a cover plate structure, wherein the basic antenna structure comprises a first medium substrate layer, a second medium substrate layer, a feed layer and a metal probe, the first medium substrate layer, the second medium substrate layer and the feed layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, an upper radiation patch is printed on the first medium substrate layer, a lower radiation patch is printed on the second medium substrate layer, the upper radiation patch is positioned above the lower radiation patch, and the centers of the two radiation patches are opposite to each other up and down; a metal grounding plate is arranged between the second medium substrate layer and the feed layer; the bottom of the feed layer is provided with a feed line; the upper radiation patch, the lower radiation patch and the feeder line are all connected with the metal probe; the metal probes are vertically arranged, the upper end faces of the metal probes are flush with the upper surface of the first medium substrate layer, and the lower end faces of the metal probes are flush with the lower surface of the feed layer; the cover plate structure is arranged right above the first medium substrate layer and is parallel to the first medium substrate layer; a plurality of microstructures A or microstructures B are arrayed on the two opposite upper and lower surfaces of the shroud plate structure, and the microstructures A or microstructures B on the shroud plate structure are opposite to the first medium substrate layer; the microstructure A comprises two triangles with open top angles and a line segment connecting the midpoints of the bottom edges of the two triangles; the triangle is an isosceles triangle; the base angle of the isosceles triangle is 30-50 degrees; the microstructure B comprises two heart shapes with small ends opened and a line segment connecting the midpoints of the large ends of the two heart shapes.
2. The metamaterial-based dual-layer radiating antenna device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of microstructures a or microstructures B are attached to a surface of the first dielectric substrate layer, and the microstructures a or microstructures B are distributed on the first dielectric substrate layer.
3. The metamaterial-based dual-layer radiating antenna device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper radiating patch is etched with a plurality of microstructures a or B, and the microstructures a or B on the upper radiating patch have a size 0.5 times the size of the microstructures a or B on the first dielectric substrate layer.
4. The metamaterial-based dual-layer radiating antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the microstructure a or microstructure B is etched into the center of the lower radiating patch, and the size of the microstructure a or microstructure B on the lower radiating patch is 0.5 times the size of the microstructure a or microstructure B on the first dielectric substrate layer.
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| CN112751205B (en)* | 2020-12-25 | 2021-11-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Double-layer medium 2.5-dimensional band-stop frequency selection surface |
| CN113889770A (en)* | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-04 | 深圳市飞宇信电子有限公司 | Dual-frequency monopole antenna loaded with metamaterial elements |
| CN114914699B (en)* | 2022-05-06 | 2025-01-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A dual-material microstructure with negative thermal expansion properties |
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| CN104821432B (en)* | 2015-05-15 | 2017-06-27 | 厦门大学 | Complementary split ring and annular slot three-dimensional cavity array control Beidou dual-band microstrip antenna |
| US9853485B2 (en)* | 2015-10-28 | 2017-12-26 | Energous Corporation | Antenna for wireless charging systems |
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