技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种同位素生产设备，属于同位素生产设备技术领域。The invention relates to isotope production equipment and belongs to the technical field of isotope production equipment.
背景技术Background technique
一百多年前天然性的发现，引起了人类对宇宙和知识更新的一场伟大变革。当今世界，放射性元素及放射性同位素的应用遍及医学，工业，农业和科学研究等各个领域，在很多应用场合，放射性同位素至今尚无代用品。发射性同位素几乎在全球所有国家使用，其中有50个国家拥有进行同位素生产和分离的设施。The discovery of naturalness more than a hundred years ago has caused a great revolution in human beings' updating of the universe and knowledge. In today's world, radioactive elements and radioisotopes are used in various fields such as medicine, industry, agriculture and scientific research. In many applications, radioisotopes have no substitutes so far. Radioactive isotopes are used in almost all countries of the world, 50 of which have facilities for isotope production and separation.
大量的放射性同位素生产通常使用研究反应堆和回旋加速器。同位素生产设施还包括了核动力厂、同位素分离装置和非专门从事同位素的普通加速器。正在运行的研究堆在全世界有600个，但只有将近100个堆用于同位素生产。全世界有约50台回旋加速致力于放射性药物的生产，生产的同位素主要是201TI等，还有约125台回旋加速器用于断层扫描摄像PET工作，这类应用在不断扩展，全球估计每年都需要新建25台，由PET回旋加速器的同位素有18F、11C等。各个国家都对同位素有强烈的需要，但实际上没有一个国家对使用的同位素都能自给自足。对同位素生产能力和生产效率的提升需要，非常迫切。Large quantities of radioisotopes are typically produced using research reactors and cyclotrons. Isotope production facilities also include nuclear power plants, isotope separation facilities, and general accelerators not specialized in isotopes. There are 600 research reactors in operation worldwide, but only close to 100 are used for isotope production. Around the world, there are about 50 cyclotrons dedicated to the production of radiopharmaceuticals. The isotopes produced are mainly201 TI, etc., and about 125 cyclotrons are used for tomography and PET work. It is necessary to build 25 new ones, and the isotopes of the PET cyclotrons include18 F,11 C, etc. Every country has a strong need for isotopes, but virtually no country is self-sufficient in the isotopes it uses. The need to improve isotope production capacity and production efficiency is very urgent.
由于反应堆用于同位素生产的缺点来自于反应堆本身建造费用昂贵和安全性，而且反应堆用于同位素生产的时间通常只占其运行时间的5％或更多一些，欧洲和美国的反应堆存在老化，一旦关闭，同位素生产能力将下降，需要有新的装置取代它们。Because the disadvantages of reactors for isotope production come from the high cost and safety of the reactor itself, and the time that reactors are used for isotope production usually only accounts for 5% or more of their operating time, the reactors in Europe and the United States are aging, once Closed, the isotope production capacity will drop and new installations will be needed to replace them.
因此，放射性同位素的生产多采用回旋加速器，但是，回旋加速器用于同位素生产的缺点也是非常明显的，主要体现在以下两方面。Therefore, cyclotrons are often used in the production of radioisotopes, but the disadvantages of cyclotrons for isotope production are also very obvious, mainly reflected in the following two aspects.
(1)引出束流强度低，同位素生产效率低(1) The extraction beam intensity is low and the isotope production efficiency is low
回旋加速器用于同位素生产，引出束流强度低，最高水平也只是在数百μA量级，这主要是因为回旋加速器是弱聚焦结构，流强一旦增加，束流空间电荷力将非常显著，整个回旋加速器的效率会降低，较好的回旋加速器效率接近90％，部分回旋加速器效率甚至不到30％，束流丢失会带来明显的热问题和辐射活化问题，为了降低辐射剂量到人类可接受水平，还需要厚混泥土来将整个加速器屏蔽起来。另一方面，回旋加速器束流引出也困难，流强增加，会进一步增加引出带来的热问题和活化问题。The cyclotron is used for isotope production, and the intensity of the extracted beam is low, and the highest level is only on the order of hundreds of μA. This is mainly because the cyclotron is a weakly focused structure. Once the beam intensity increases, the space charge force of the beam will be very significant, and the entire The efficiency of the cyclotron will decrease. The efficiency of a good cyclotron is close to 90%, and the efficiency of some cyclotrons is even less than 30%. The loss of the beam will bring obvious thermal problems and radiation activation problems. In order to reduce the radiation dose to human acceptable level, thick concrete is also needed to shield the entire accelerator. On the other hand, it is also difficult to extract the cyclotron beam, and the increase of the beam intensity will further increase the heat and activation problems caused by the extraction.
(2)引出束流能量固定，同位素生产能力单一(2) The energy of the extracted beam is fixed, and the isotope production capacity is single
回旋加速器引出的束流能量是固定的，这意味着每台回旋加速器只能实现某种特定同位素的生产，对于不同同位素的生产，需要多台回旋加速器，功能单一。为了实现能量可调，通常在回旋加速器后接一个能量调制器，利用散射将束流的能量降低。但这种方式会产生大量的辐射，容易造成器件的活化，增加屏蔽成本，而且散射后的束流品质差，束流大部分会丢失，通过效率低。The energy of the beam drawn by the cyclotron is fixed, which means that each cyclotron can only realize the production of a specific isotope. For the production of different isotopes, multiple cyclotrons are required with a single function. In order to realize adjustable energy, an energy modulator is usually connected behind the cyclotron to reduce the energy of the beam by scattering. However, this method will generate a large amount of radiation, which will easily cause the activation of the device and increase the cost of shielding. Moreover, the quality of the beam after scattering is poor, most of the beam will be lost, and the passing efficiency is low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种同位素生产设备，本发明同位素生产设备具有高效率、低束损的特点，一台设备就能提供多种同位素生产需求的束流，大大提高同位素生产能力和效率。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an isotope production equipment. The isotope production equipment of the present invention has the characteristics of high efficiency and low beam loss. One piece of equipment can provide beam currents for various isotope production requirements, greatly improving isotope production capacity and efficiency.
本发明提供的一种同位素生产设备，它包括直线加速器和与之相对应的靶系统；An isotope production device provided by the invention includes a linear accelerator and a corresponding target system;
所述直线加速器包括常温前端加速器、设在所述常温前端加速器后的相互串联的若干相同的加速单元或若干加速模块和从末端的所述加速单元输出端引出的末端引出束线；所述加速模块包括相互串联的多个加速单元耦合形成；The linear accelerator comprises a normal-temperature front-end accelerator, several identical acceleration units or several acceleration modules connected in series behind the normal-temperature front-end accelerator, and a terminal lead-out beamline drawn from the output end of the acceleration unit at the end; the acceleration The module includes a plurality of acceleration units coupled in series;
所述末端引出束线用于输出供所述靶系统使用的质子束流，所述靶系统用于同位素的产生。The end extraction beamline is used to output a proton beam for use by the target system for isotope production.
本发明中，设在所述常温前端加速器后指的是设置在所述常温前端加速器出口端后面。In the present invention, being arranged behind the normal temperature front end accelerator refers to being arranged behind the outlet end of the normal temperature front end accelerator.
上述的同位素生产设备中，所述常温前端加速器和每个所述加速单元均设置各自独立的射频功率源、馈送系统和低电平控制系统；In the above-mentioned isotope production equipment, the normal temperature front-end accelerator and each of the acceleration units are provided with their own independent radio frequency power source, feeding system and low-level control system;
所述射频功率源为所述常温前端加速器和所述加速单元提供射频功率；所述馈送系统用于从所述射频功率源将射频功率馈送到所述常温前端加速器和所述加速单元中；所述低电平控制系统用于调节射频功率大小和相位。The radio frequency power source provides radio frequency power for the room temperature front-end accelerator and the acceleration unit; the feeding system is used to feed radio frequency power from the radio frequency power source to the room temperature front end accelerator and the acceleration unit; The low-level control system described above is used to adjust the RF power level and phase.
本发明中，每个加速单元的射频功率、同步相位可通过其低电平控制系统进行连续调节，进而实现对其输出能量增益的连续调节，最终实现末端引出束线上输出能量的连续调节。In the present invention, the radio frequency power and synchronous phase of each acceleration unit can be continuously adjusted through its low-level control system, thereby realizing the continuous adjustment of its output energy gain, and finally realizing the continuous adjustment of the output energy on the end-leading beamline.
上述的同位素生产设备中，所述常温前端加速器和每个所述加速单元设有同一个信号参考线，用于为所述加速单元提供一个相同的相位参考点。In the above-mentioned isotope production equipment, the normal temperature front-end accelerator and each of the acceleration units are provided with the same signal reference line, which is used to provide the acceleration units with a same phase reference point.
上述的同位素生产设备中，一个所述加速单元包括一个具有高加速梯度的加速腔体以及相应的耦合器和调谐器；所述耦合器功率耦合进入所述加速腔体中，所述调谐器用于所述加速腔体频率的调节。所述具有高加速梯度的加速腔体的加速梯度具体可大于5MV/m。In the above-mentioned isotope production equipment, one of the acceleration units includes an acceleration cavity with a high acceleration gradient and a corresponding coupler and tuner; the coupler power is coupled into the acceleration cavity, and the tuner is used for The adjustment of the frequency of the accelerating cavity. Specifically, the acceleration gradient of the acceleration cavity with a high acceleration gradient may be greater than 5MV/m.
上述的同位素生产设备中，所述射频功率源采用固态放大器(简称SSA)；In the above-mentioned isotope production equipment, the radio frequency power source adopts a solid-state amplifier (abbreviated as SSA);
所述低电平控制系统采用数字低电平；The low level control system adopts digital low level;
所述加速腔体采用低温超导材料；The acceleration cavity adopts low-temperature superconducting material;
每个加速腔体能够提供0～2MeV的加速能力。Each acceleration cavity can provide an acceleration capability of 0-2 MeV.
上述的同位素生产设备中，所述常温前端加速器包括依次设置的离子源、低能传输段、高频四极场加速器以及中能传输段；In the above-mentioned isotope production equipment, the room temperature front-end accelerator includes an ion source, a low-energy transmission section, a high-frequency quadrupole field accelerator, and a medium-energy transmission section arranged in sequence;
所述离子源采用电子回旋共振型离子源(即ECR离子源)，提供不同流强的质子或者α粒子束流，引出高压为20kV～100kV；所述低能传输段将所述离子源束流匹配注入所述高频四极场加速器中，所述高频四极场加速器完成束流的成形和初步加速，出口所述束流能量在500keV～5MeV；所述中能传输段对所述束流品质进行离线测量，并将所述束流匹配进入后续所述加速单元或所述加速模块。The ion source adopts an electron cyclotron resonance type ion source (that is, an ECR ion source), which provides proton or alpha particle beam currents of different current intensities, and the high voltage is 20kV-100kV; the low-energy transmission section matches the beam current of the ion source injected into the high-frequency quadrupole field accelerator, and the high-frequency quadrupole field accelerator completes the shaping and preliminary acceleration of the beam, and the energy of the beam at the exit is 500keV～5MeV; The quality is measured off-line, and the beam current is matched into the subsequent acceleration unit or acceleration module.
上述的同位素生产设备中，所述靶系统包含靶体、辐射屏蔽、束流诊断系统以及冷却系统；所述靶体材料选择取决于生产同位素的种类，所述束流诊断系统用于束流能量和流强的监测，所述冷却系统用于带走热量，其设计取决于所述靶体材料和结构。In the above-mentioned isotope production equipment, the target system includes a target body, a radiation shield, a beam diagnostic system and a cooling system; the selection of the target body material depends on the type of isotope produced, and the beam diagnostic system is used for beam energy and monitoring of flow intensity, the cooling system is used to remove heat, the design of which depends on the target material and structure.
上述的同位素生产设备中，每个所述加速模块的输出端设有相应的引出束线，所述引出束线用于输出供与之配套运行的所述靶系统使用的质子束流。In the above-mentioned isotope production equipment, the output end of each acceleration module is provided with a corresponding extraction beamline, and the extraction beamline is used to output the proton beam used by the target system that is matched with it.
本发明中，单个所述加速模块能量连续可调主要因为是其包含的加速单元的电场幅值和相位都是独立可调。In the present invention, the energy of a single acceleration module is continuously adjustable mainly because the amplitude and phase of the electric field of the acceleration units contained in it are independently adjustable.
上述的同位素生产设备中，所述末端引出束线和所述引出束线上均设置分束装置将束流引出；In the above-mentioned isotope production equipment, a beam splitting device is arranged on the terminal lead-out beam line and the lead-out beam line to lead out the beam current;
所述分束装置具体可由切割磁铁和毫秒量级上升沿的kicker或纳秒级上升沿的kicker腔体组成。具体地，所述切割磁铁工作在直流模式，所述kicker磁铁或kicker腔体工作在脉冲模式，切割磁铁有两条通道，一条是实现束流直线传输的通道，另一条是将束流从侧边偏转45°的通道，从而使束流偏转到一级引出束线上。The beam splitting device may be specifically composed of a cutting magnet and a kicker with a rising edge of the millisecond level or a kicker cavity with a rising edge of the nanosecond level. Specifically, the cutting magnet works in a DC mode, and the kicker magnet or kicker cavity works in a pulse mode. The cutting magnet has two channels, one is to realize the linear transmission of the beam, and the other is to transfer the beam from the side The side is deflected by 45°, so that the beam is deflected to the first-level extraction beam.
上述的同位素生产设备中，所述末端引出束线和所述引出束线均通过所述分束装置引出三条次级引出束线。In the above-mentioned isotope production equipment, both the terminal lead-out beamline and the lead-out beamline lead to three secondary lead-out beamlines through the beam splitting device.
本发明具有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明中，直线加速器的能量连续可调(通过低电平控制系统调节加速单元的射频功率、同步相位能够实现)，末端引出束线能够提供多种同位素生产需求的束流，这意味着一台同位素生产设备就能够满足多种同位素生产的需求(实际应用时可以使不同种同位素生产在不同时间进行)，大大提高同位素生产能力和效率，也节约了设备制造成本。1. In the present invention, the energy of the linear accelerator is continuously adjustable (the radio frequency power and the synchronous phase of the acceleration unit can be adjusted by the low-level control system), and the end-leading beamline can provide the beam current required for the production of various isotopes, which means A single isotope production equipment can meet the needs of various isotope production (in practical application, different isotope production can be carried out at different times), which greatly improves the isotope production capacity and efficiency, and also saves equipment manufacturing costs.
此外，由于直线加速器为强聚集加速器，使得该直线加速器几乎没有束流损失，活化几率低，也大大减小了辐射屏蔽成本，有利于直线加速器的长期稳定运行。In addition, since the linac is a strongly focused accelerator, there is almost no beam loss in the linac, the probability of activation is low, and the cost of radiation shielding is greatly reduced, which is beneficial to the long-term stable operation of the linac.
2、基于本发明整个直线加速器有能力提供mA级质子束流，某条引出束线通常引出数百μA束流用于同位素生产即可。本发明进一步将能量连续可调的直线加速器进行模块化，将某些加速单元耦合在一起，形成一个个加速模块，然后在各加速模块输出端设置引出束线，使得本发明直线加速器除末端引出束线外，还有其它更多的引出束线能够同时提供不同能量的束流，实现多个靶系统的束流同时供给，满足多种同位素同时生产的需求。2. Based on the fact that the entire linear accelerator of the present invention is capable of providing mA-level proton beams, a certain extraction beamline usually extracts hundreds of μA beams for isotope production. The present invention further modularizes the linear accelerator with continuously adjustable energy, couples some accelerating units together to form accelerating modules, and then sets lead-out beamlines at the output ends of each accelerating module, so that the linear accelerator of the present invention has In addition to the beamline, there are other more extraction beamlines that can provide beams with different energies at the same time, realize the simultaneous supply of beams for multiple target systems, and meet the needs of simultaneous production of multiple isotopes.
3、本发明中，常温前端加速器进一步采用ECR离子源和RFQ加速器，加速单元中加速腔体为低温超导腔体，使得本发明直线加速器具有传输平均流强为数十mA的束流能力，这样的话纵使所有引出束线同时工作也能引出平均流强为数个mA的束流，在该束线上采用分束的方式分出数几条次级引出束线，实现更多个靶系统的束流供给，每个靶系统上仍有平均流强约数百μA的束流，仍能满足同位素生产需要，同位素生产效率提高数十倍。简单来说，一台本发明同位素生产设备就能够满足多种同位素同时生产的需求，这也意味着一台本发明直线加速器完成数十回旋加速器的任务，大大节约了制造成本，同时在上述1、2两点的基础上显著提高了同位素的生产能力和效率。3. In the present invention, the room temperature front-end accelerator further adopts ECR ion source and RFQ accelerator, and the accelerating cavity in the accelerating unit is a low-temperature superconducting cavity, so that the linear accelerator of the present invention has the ability to transmit a beam with an average current intensity of tens of mA, In this way, even if all the extraction beamlines work at the same time, the beam current with an average current intensity of several mA can be extracted, and several secondary extraction beamlines are separated on the beamline by beam splitting to realize more target systems. For beam supply, each target system still has a beam with an average current intensity of about hundreds of μA, which can still meet the needs of isotope production, and the isotope production efficiency is increased by dozens of times. To put it simply, one isotope production equipment of the present invention can meet the demand for simultaneous production of multiple isotopes, which also means that one linear accelerator of the present invention can complete the task of dozens of cyclotrons, greatly saving manufacturing costs. Significantly increased isotope production capacity and efficiency on the basis of two points.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的同位素生产设备的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an isotope production equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例提供的直线加速器中加速单元的同步稳相加速示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of synchronous phase-stable acceleration of an acceleration unit in a linear accelerator provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图中各个标记如下：Each mark in the figure is as follows:
11—离子源，12—低能传输段，13—RFQ加速器，14—中能传输段；21—第一加速模块，22—第二加速模块，23—第三加速模块，24—第四加速模块。11—ion source, 12—low energy transmission section, 13—RFQ accelerator, 14—medium energy transmission section; 21—first acceleration module, 22—second acceleration module, 23—third acceleration module, 24—fourth acceleration module .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。The materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例1、Embodiment 1,
本发明实施例提供一种同位素生产设备，其具体包括直线加速器和相应的靶系统；参考图1，直线加速器包括常温前端加速器、设在其后相互串联的N个相同的加速单元以及从末端加速单元输出端引出的引出束线，该末端引出束线用于输出供靶系统使用的质子束流，靶系统用于同位素的产生。An embodiment of the present invention provides an isotope production device, which specifically includes a linear accelerator and a corresponding target system; referring to FIG. An extraction beamline from the output end of the unit, the end extraction beamline is used to output the proton beam current used by the target system for isotope generation.
常温前端加速器和每个加速单元均具有各自独立的射频功率源、馈送系统和低电平控制系统；每个加速单元的射频功率、同步相位可通过其低电平控制系统进行连续调节，进而实现对其输出能量增益的连续调节，最终实现末端引出束线上输出能量的连续调节。其中，射频功率源用于为加速单元提供射频功率，具体可以采用固态放大器SSA；馈送系统用于将射频功率从射频功率源馈送到加速单元中；低电平控制系统LLRF用于调节射频功率大小和相位，具体可以采用数字低电平。实际应用中，还包括信号参考线，用于为所有加速单元提供一个相同的相位参考点。The room temperature front-end accelerator and each acceleration unit have their own independent RF power source, feed system and low-level control system; the RF power and synchronization phase of each acceleration unit can be continuously adjusted through its low-level control system, thereby realizing The continuous adjustment of the output energy gain finally realizes the continuous adjustment of the output energy on the end-leading beam. Among them, the radio frequency power source is used to provide radio frequency power for the acceleration unit, specifically, a solid-state amplifier SSA can be used; the feeding system is used to feed radio frequency power from the radio frequency power source to the acceleration unit; the low-level control system LLRF is used to adjust the radio frequency power And phase, specifically digital low level can be used. In practical applications, a signal reference line is also included to provide a same phase reference point for all acceleration units.
一个加速单元指一个具有高加速梯度的加速腔体以及相应的耦合器和调谐器，耦合器功率耦合进入加速腔体中，调谐器用于加速腔体频率的调节，每个加速腔体能够提供0～2MeV的加速能力。可以理解的是，加速单元总数量N的取值取决于整个直线加速器所需要的最大加速能力。加速单元的加速腔体采用低温超导材料，电阻小，几乎所有射频功率都转为束流功率，被束流带走，不存在热问题，所以有能力将束流运行在连续波模式。An accelerating unit refers to an accelerating cavity with a high acceleration gradient and the corresponding coupler and tuner. The coupler power is coupled into the accelerating cavity, and the tuner is used to adjust the frequency of the accelerating cavity. Each accelerating cavity can provide 0 Acceleration capability of ~2MeV. It can be understood that the value of the total number N of acceleration units depends on the maximum acceleration capability required by the entire linear accelerator. The acceleration cavity of the acceleration unit is made of low-temperature superconducting material with low resistance. Almost all the radio frequency power is converted into beam power and taken away by the beam. There is no thermal problem, so it is capable of operating the beam in continuous wave mode.
常温前端加速器主要包括离子源11、低能传输段12、高频四极场加速器13(即RFQ加速器)以及中能传输段14。离子源11具体采用电子回旋共振型(即ECR离子源)，提供不同流强的质子或者α粒子束流，引出高压为20kV-100kV；低能传输段12将离子源束流匹配注入RFQ加速器13中，RFQ加速器13完成束流的成形和初步加速，出口束流能量在数百keV～数个MeV；中能传输段14对束流品质进行离线测量，并将束流匹配进入后续加速结构。The room temperature front-end accelerator mainly includes an ion source 11 , a low-energy transmission section 12 , a high-frequency quadrupole field accelerator 13 (ie, RFQ accelerator) and a medium-energy transmission section 14 . The ion source 11 specifically adopts the electron cyclotron resonance type (that is, the ECR ion source), which provides proton or alpha particle beams with different current intensities, and the high voltage is 20kV-100kV; the low-energy transmission section 12 matches the ion source beam into the RFQ accelerator 13 , the RFQ accelerator 13 completes beam shaping and preliminary acceleration, and the exit beam energy ranges from hundreds of keV to several MeV; the medium-energy transmission section 14 conducts off-line measurement of the beam quality, and matches the beam into the subsequent acceleration structure.
靶系统包含靶体、辐射屏蔽、束流诊断以及冷却系统，靶体材料选择取决于生产同位素的种类，束流诊断系统，用于束流能量和流强的监测，冷却系统用于带走热量，其设计取决于靶体材料和结构。The target system includes target body, radiation shielding, beam diagnosis and cooling system. The choice of target material depends on the type of isotope produced. The beam diagnosis system is used to monitor the beam energy and current intensity. The cooling system is used to take away heat. , whose design depends on the target material and structure.
在实际应用中，RFQ加速器出口的束流能量可以从数百keV～数个MeV中选定设计，一旦RFQ加速器制造完成，其出口能量Erfq就是固定的。再经过一系列独立的高加速梯度的加速单元，可以实现数十MeV的稳定加速。In practical applications, the beam energy at the exit of the RFQ accelerator can be selected from hundreds of keV to several MeV. Once the RFQ accelerator is manufactured, its exit energy Erfq is fixed. After a series of independent acceleration units with high acceleration gradients, stable acceleration of tens of MeV can be achieved.
本发明直线加速器的工作原理阐述如下。The working principle of the linear accelerator of the present invention is described as follows.
一个加速单元的能量增益E＝粒子电荷q*电场强度E*渡越时间因子T*单元长度L*cos同步相位φs(即E＝q*E*T*L*cosφs)，参考图2示出的同步稳相加速示意图，每个加速单元的射频功率大小是可通过低电平控制系统调节，即电场强度E是可调，通过射频功率的调节，该加速单元获得的能量增益可以从0～最大值qETLcosφs连续可调；每个加速单元的同步相位也可通过低电平控制系统调节加速单元提取相位和参考相位的相对值来调节，当同步相位调到0°，获得最大能量增益qETL，当同步相位调到180°时，粒子获得最大减速-qETL。The energy gain E of an accelerating unit=particle charge q*electric field strength E*transit time factor T*unit length L*cos synchronous phase φs (that is, E=q*E*T*L*cos φs ), with reference to Fig. 2 The schematic diagram of synchronous phase-stable acceleration is shown. The radio frequency power of each accelerating unit can be adjusted through the low-level control system, that is, the electric field strength E is adjustable. Through the adjustment of the radio frequency power, the energy gain obtained by the accelerating unit can be obtained from 0 to the maximum valueqETLcosφs is continuously adjustable; the synchronous phase of each acceleration unit can also be adjusted by adjusting the relative value of the acceleration unit extraction phase and the reference phase through the low-level control system. When the synchronous phase is adjusted to 0°, the maximum energy can be obtained Gain qETL, when the synchronization phase is adjusted to 180°, the particle gets the maximum deceleration -qETL.
质子束流通过N个加速单元后，引出束流的能量范围从Erfq-NqETL到Erfq+NqETL，一个加速单元的最大能量增益为2MeV。假设需要获得25MeV的稳定加速，需要约25-28个加速单元，一个原因是渡越时间因子T随粒子速度变化，范围从0.4到0.8，另一个原因是部分加速单元的相位为负值，意味着部分加速单元未提供最大加速能力，这是为了满足加速器纵向稳相原理，使束流获得横向、纵向稳定加速，避免束流丢失。可以理解的是，加速单元总数量N的取值取决于整个直线加速器所需要的最大加速能力。After the proton beam passes through N acceleration units, the energy range of the extracted beam is from Erfq-NqETL to Erfq+NqETL, and the maximum energy gain of one acceleration unit is 2MeV. Assuming that a stable acceleration of 25 MeV is required, about 25-28 acceleration units are needed. One reason is that the transit time factor T varies with the particle velocity, ranging from 0.4 to 0.8. The other reason is that the phase of some acceleration units is negative, which means Some acceleration units do not provide the maximum acceleration capability, which is to meet the principle of vertical phase stability of the accelerator, so that the beam can be accelerated horizontally and vertically, and the beam loss can be avoided. It can be understood that the value of the total number N of acceleration units depends on the maximum acceleration capability required by the entire linear accelerator.
在实际生产过程中，PET断层扫描摄像同位素的生产需要质子能量加速到7-12MeV，SPECT同位素的生产需要质子能量加速到15-19MeV，通过209Bi(a，2n)211At反应用于211At的生产需要将a粒子加速到20MeV以上。直线加速器末端具备供给3个不同能量束流的能力，在配备相应的靶系统可实现3种不同同位素的生产。In the actual production process, the production of PET tomographic imaging isotopes requires proton energy to be accelerated to 7-12MeV, and the production of SPECT isotopes requires proton energy to be accelerated to 15-19MeV, through209 Bi(a, 2n)211 At reaction for211 At The production of α-particles needs to be accelerated to above 20MeV. The end of the linear accelerator is capable of supplying 3 different energy beams, and the production of 3 different isotopes can be realized with the corresponding target system.
在本发明同位素生产设备的使用过程中，根据各种同位素生产需要的能量，通过一系列加速单元射频功率和同步相位的优化调整，从直线加速器末端引出束线得到任意想要能量的束流。During the use of the isotope production equipment of the present invention, according to the energy required for the production of various isotopes, through a series of optimal adjustments of the radio frequency power and synchronous phase of the acceleration unit, the beam is drawn from the end of the linear accelerator to obtain a beam of any desired energy.
在实际调节过程中，可以通过使参与工作的加速单元中部分加速单元的相位为负值，满足加速器纵向稳相原理，使得束流获得横向、纵向稳定加速，避免束流丢失，实现低束损。而且，直线加速器活化风险低，节约大量屏蔽成本。In the actual adjustment process, the phase of some of the accelerating units participating in the work can be negative to meet the principle of vertical phase stability of the accelerator, so that the beam can be accelerated horizontally and vertically, avoiding beam loss, and achieving low beam loss . Moreover, the risk of linear accelerator activation is low, saving a lot of shielding costs.
实施例2、Embodiment 2,
基于上述实施例1公开的同位素生产设备，本发明实施例2中，因此，将能量连续可调的直线加速器进行模块化，将某些加速单元耦合在一起，形成一个个加速模块，即N个加速单元中前后相邻的多个加速单元耦合形成加速模块，每个加速模块的输出端设有相应的引出束线，这些引出束线用于输出供与之配套运行的靶系统使用的质子束流。可以理解的是，单个加速模块能量连续可调主要因为是其包含的加速单元的电场幅值和相位都是独立可调。Based on the isotope production equipment disclosed in Embodiment 1 above, in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, the linear accelerator with continuously adjustable energy is modularized, and some acceleration units are coupled together to form each acceleration module, that is, N Multiple adjacent acceleration units in the acceleration unit are coupled to form an acceleration module, and the output end of each acceleration module is provided with a corresponding extraction beamline, and these extraction beamlines are used to output the proton beam used by the target system that is matched with it . It can be understood that the energy of a single acceleration module is continuously adjustable mainly because the amplitude and phase of the electric field of the acceleration units it contains are independently adjustable.
其中，束流的引出通过分束装置实现，分束装置具体可以由切割磁铁和纳秒级上升沿的kicker腔体磁铁组成；切割磁铁工作在直流模式，kicker磁铁或kicker腔体工作在脉冲模式，切割磁铁有两条通道，一条是实现束流直线传输的通道，另一条是将束流从侧边偏转45°的通道，从而使束流偏转到一级引出束线上。Among them, the extraction of the beam is realized by the beam splitting device, which can be specifically composed of a cutting magnet and a kicker cavity magnet with a nanosecond rising edge; the cutting magnet works in DC mode, and the kicker magnet or kicker cavity works in pulse mode , The cutting magnet has two channels, one is to realize the straight line transmission of the beam, and the other is to deflect the beam from the side by 45°, so that the beam is deflected to the first-level extraction beam line.
如图1所示，加速单元的总数量N＝23，加速模块的数量为4，具体包括：1～6加速单元串联耦合形成的第一加速模块21，7～12加速单元串联耦合形成的第二加速模块22，13～17加速单元串联耦合形成的第三加速模块23，18～23加速单元串联耦合形成的第四加速模块24。相应地，一级引出束线包括对应在各加速模块输出端的引出束线1、引出束线2、引出束线3和引出束线4，引出束线4同时也是整个直线加速器的末端引出束线。As shown in Figure 1, the total number of acceleration units is N=23, and the number of acceleration modules is 4, specifically including: the first acceleration module 21 formed by serial coupling of 1 to 6 acceleration units, and the first acceleration module 21 formed by serial coupling of 7 to 12 acceleration units. Two acceleration modules 22, 13-17 acceleration units are coupled in series to form a third acceleration module 23, and acceleration units 18-23 are coupled in series to form a fourth acceleration module 24. Correspondingly, the first-level lead-out beamline includes lead-out beamline 1, lead-out beamline 2, lead-out beamline 3, and lead-out beamline 4 corresponding to the output ends of each acceleration module, and lead-out beamline 4 is also the terminal lead-out beamline of the entire linear accelerator .
在实际应用过程中，ECR离子源提供20-60keV的质子束流，常温前端加速器(ECR离子源+RFQ加速器)提供2.5MeV的质子束流。引出束线1可通过常温前端加速器+第一加速模块21提供5-7MeV质子束流，引出束线2可通过常温前端加速器+第一加速模块21+第二加速模块22提供7-12MeV质子束流，用于PET断层扫描摄像同位素的生产；引出束线3可通过常温前端加速器+第一加速模块21+第二加速模块22+第三加速模块23提供15-19MeV质子束流，用于SPECT同位素的生产；引出束线4通过常温前端加速器+第一加速模块21+第二加速模块22+第三加速模块23+第四加速模块提供20-25MeV质子束流，通过209Bi(a，2n)211At反应用于211At的生产。In practical applications, the ECR ion source provides a proton beam of 20-60keV, and the room temperature front-end accelerator (ECR ion source + RFQ accelerator) provides a proton beam of 2.5MeV. The extraction beamline 1 can provide a 5-7MeV proton beam through the normal temperature front-end accelerator + the first acceleration module 21, and the extraction beamline 2 can provide a 7-12MeV proton beam through the normal temperature front-end accelerator + the first acceleration module 21 + the second acceleration module 22 flow, used for the production of PET tomographic imaging isotopes; the extraction beamline 3 can provide a 15-19MeV proton beam through the normal temperature front-end accelerator + the first acceleration module 21 + the second acceleration module 22 + the third acceleration module 23, for SPECT Production of isotopes; the extraction beamline 4 provides a 20-25 MeV proton beam through the normal temperature front-end accelerator + the first acceleration module 21 + the second acceleration module 22 + the third acceleration module 23 + the fourth acceleration module, and passes through209 Bi(a, 2n )211 At reaction for the production of211 At.
本发明整个直线加速器有能力提供mA级质子束流，某条引出束线通常引出数百μA束流用于同位素生产即可。应用时，参考以上内容，选定实际参与工作的组件和引出束线，按照系列加速单元既定的射频功率和优化的同步相位，快速实现特定能量范围束流的供给。The entire linear accelerator of the present invention is capable of providing mA-level proton beam current, and a certain extraction beam line usually extracts hundreds of μA beam current for isotope production. When applying, refer to the above content, select the components actually involved in the work and the outgoing beamline, and quickly realize the supply of beams in a specific energy range according to the predetermined RF power and optimized synchronization phase of the series of acceleration units.
综上，本发明直线加速器除末端引出束线4能够提供任意能量的稳定束流外，还有其它更多的引出束线1～3能够同时提供不同的特定能量范围的束流，实现多个靶系统的束流同时供给，满足多种同位素同时生产的需求，在实施例的基础上进一步提高了同位素生产效率。To sum up, in addition to the end-leading beamline 4 of the linear accelerator of the present invention, which can provide a stable beam of any energy, there are other more leading beamlines 1 to 3 that can simultaneously provide beams of different specific energy ranges, realizing multiple The beam current of the target system is supplied at the same time, which satisfies the requirement of simultaneous production of multiple isotopes, and further improves the production efficiency of isotopes on the basis of the embodiments.
实施例3、Embodiment 3,
基于本发明上述实施例1和实施例2公开的同位素生产设备，本发明实施例3中，针对直线加速器中常温前端加速器采用ECR离子源和RFQ加速器，加速单元的加速腔体为低温超导腔体，本发明整个直线加速器能够提供数十mA级质子束流对于所有引出束线，这样的话纵使所有引出束线同时工作也能引出平均流强为数个mA的束流，在该束线上采用分束的方式分出数几条次级引出束线，每个靶系统上仍有平均流强约数百μA的束流，仍能满足同位素生产需要。Based on the isotope production equipment disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 of the present invention, in embodiment 3 of the present invention, ECR ion source and RFQ accelerator are used for the normal temperature front-end accelerator in the linear accelerator, and the acceleration cavity of the acceleration unit is a low-temperature superconducting cavity body, the whole linear accelerator of the present invention can provide tens of mA-level proton beam currents for all extraction beamlines, so even if all extraction beamlines work simultaneously, the beam current with an average current intensity of several mA can also be drawn out. Several secondary extraction beamlines are separated by the beam splitting method, and each target system still has a beam current with an average current intensity of about hundreds of μA, which can still meet the needs of isotope production.
基于此，使得至少有一条引出束线的末端通过分束装置引出多条次级引出束线，这些次级引出束线用于输出直接供与之配套运行的靶系统使用的质子束流。比如，图1示出的，引出束线1～4的末端均引出三条次级引出束线。可以理解的是，在引出次级束线时要保证最终每条束线引出束流平均流强大于数百μA，满足同位素生产需求。Based on this, the end of at least one extraction beamline is made to lead out multiple secondary extraction beamlines through the beam splitting device, and these secondary extraction beamlines are used to output the proton beams directly used by the matching target system. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 , three secondary outgoing beamlines are led out from the ends of the outgoing beamlines 1 to 4 . It is understandable that when the secondary beamlines are drawn out, it is necessary to ensure that the average current intensity of the beams drawn out by each beamline is greater than several hundred μA, so as to meet the requirements of isotope production.
其中，本发明整个直线加速器能够提供数十mA级质子束流的主要原因有以下三个方面：第一点是ECR离子源，可提供数百个mA的高品质束流；第二点是采用RFQ加速器作为前端加速器，RFQ加速器具备同时对离子束的横向聚焦作用和纵向聚束作用，能高效地将百毫安级的强流离子束加速到每核子几个MeV，得到高品质的束流；第三点是加速模块是直线加速器，直线加速器为强聚集加速器，能对数十mA强流束进行约束，保持高的束流品质，几乎不会丢失束流；进一步地，使该直线加速器中加速模块采用低温超导材料，电阻小，几乎所有射频功率都转为束流功率，被束流带走，不存在热问题，有能力将束流运行在高占空比下，由此得到平均流强为数十mA的束流。Wherein, the main reasons why the entire linear accelerator of the present invention can provide tens of mA level proton beams have the following three aspects: the first point is the ECR ion source, which can provide hundreds of mA high-quality beam currents; the second point is the use of As a front-end accelerator, the RFQ accelerator has the function of horizontal focusing and longitudinal focusing on the ion beam at the same time, and can efficiently accelerate the high-current ion beam of the hundred milliampere level to several MeV per nucleus to obtain high-quality beam current The third point is that the acceleration module is a linear accelerator, and the linear accelerator is a strong concentration accelerator, which can constrain tens of mA of strong current beams, maintain high beam quality, and hardly lose the beam current; further, the linear accelerator The medium acceleration module is made of low-temperature superconducting material with low resistance. Almost all the radio frequency power is converted into beam power and taken away by the beam. There is no thermal problem, and it has the ability to run the beam at a high duty cycle, thus obtaining Beam current with an average current intensity of tens of mA.
以上对本发明所提供的技术方案进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。The technical solution provided by the present invention has been introduced in detail above. In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910496564.1ACN110223796B (en) | 2019-06-10 | 2019-06-10 | Isotope production equipment |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910496564.1ACN110223796B (en) | 2019-06-10 | 2019-06-10 | Isotope production equipment |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110223796Atrue CN110223796A (en) | 2019-09-10 |
| CN110223796B CN110223796B (en) | 2020-11-10 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910496564.1AActiveCN110223796B (en) | 2019-06-10 | 2019-06-10 | Isotope production equipment |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110223796B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111642049A (en)* | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-08 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | X-ray source |
| CN116364325A (en)* | 2023-03-06 | 2023-06-30 | 中子高新技术产业发展(重庆)有限公司 | Multifunctional medical isotope production device based on accelerator |
| CN116400396A (en)* | 2023-03-02 | 2023-07-07 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Single event effect simulation irradiation device based on heavy ion cyclotron |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2354308Y (en)* | 1998-05-18 | 1999-12-15 | 深圳奥沃国际科技发展有限公司 | Strong-flow vacuum insulated serial accelerator |
| CN105050309A (en)* | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-11 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Bent wing-type radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator |
| CN106879158A (en)* | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-20 | 东莞中子科学中心 | Medical proton linear accelerator |
| CN107006111A (en)* | 2014-10-13 | 2017-08-01 | Tri 阿尔法能源公司 | Systems and methods for merging and compressing compact rings |
| EP2446717B1 (en)* | 2009-06-26 | 2017-08-09 | General Electric Company | Isotope production system with separated shielding |
| CN107896415A (en)* | 2017-10-17 | 2018-04-10 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Compact high frequency electrofocusing mixes accelerating cavity |
| CN108701502A (en)* | 2015-11-06 | 2018-10-23 | Asml荷兰有限公司 | Production of radioisotopes |
| CN109045487A (en)* | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-21 | 东莞东阳光高能医疗设备有限公司 | A kind of neutron capture therapy system based on proton linac |
| CN109195298A (en)* | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-11 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of generating means and method of negative hydrogen ion |
| CN109362170A (en)* | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-19 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A Large-scale Variable Orbit Magnet Structure for Continuous Beam Acceleration |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2354308Y (en)* | 1998-05-18 | 1999-12-15 | 深圳奥沃国际科技发展有限公司 | Strong-flow vacuum insulated serial accelerator |
| EP2446717B1 (en)* | 2009-06-26 | 2017-08-09 | General Electric Company | Isotope production system with separated shielding |
| CN107006111A (en)* | 2014-10-13 | 2017-08-01 | Tri 阿尔法能源公司 | Systems and methods for merging and compressing compact rings |
| CN105050309A (en)* | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-11 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Bent wing-type radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator |
| CN108701502A (en)* | 2015-11-06 | 2018-10-23 | Asml荷兰有限公司 | Production of radioisotopes |
| CN106879158A (en)* | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-20 | 东莞中子科学中心 | Medical proton linear accelerator |
| CN107896415A (en)* | 2017-10-17 | 2018-04-10 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Compact high frequency electrofocusing mixes accelerating cavity |
| CN109045487A (en)* | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-21 | 东莞东阳光高能医疗设备有限公司 | A kind of neutron capture therapy system based on proton linac |
| CN109195298A (en)* | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-11 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of generating means and method of negative hydrogen ion |
| CN109362170A (en)* | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-19 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A Large-scale Variable Orbit Magnet Structure for Continuous Beam Acceleration |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111642049A (en)* | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-08 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | X-ray source |
| CN116400396A (en)* | 2023-03-02 | 2023-07-07 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Single event effect simulation irradiation device based on heavy ion cyclotron |
| CN116364325A (en)* | 2023-03-06 | 2023-06-30 | 中子高新技术产业发展(重庆)有限公司 | Multifunctional medical isotope production device based on accelerator |
| CN116364325B (en)* | 2023-03-06 | 2024-05-03 | 中子高新技术产业发展(重庆)有限公司 | Multifunctional medical isotope production device based on accelerator |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110223796B (en) | 2020-11-10 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110225644A (en) | A kind of linear accelerator and its application that energy is continuously adjustable | |
| US7554275B2 (en) | Proton accelerator complex for radio-isotopes and therapy | |
| CN110223796B (en) | Isotope production equipment | |
| CN112804811B (en) | A compact high-frequency linear accelerator system and its application | |
| CN104703380B (en) | The more beamforming drift tube ion accelerators of single-chamber | |
| Ratzinger | The new GSI prestripper linac for high current heavy ion beams | |
| CN117580239A (en) | Ultrahigh frequency linear accelerator for medical isotope production and parameter design method | |
| CN108169786B (en) | Feedback monitoring system and method for ion beam current intensity of superconducting cyclotron | |
| CN204598450U (en) | Single chamber multi beam type drift tube ion accelerator and equipment | |
| Shepard et al. | SC driver linac for a rare isotope facility. | |
| CN112888141A (en) | High-gradient backward wave type traveling wave accelerator and rapid energy adjusting method thereof | |
| CN117395851B (en) | A compact ion implanter and ion implantation method for tumor treatment | |
| Waites et al. | IsoDAR: A cyclotron-based neutrino source with applications to medical isotope production | |
| Nolen et al. | An advanced ISOL facility based on ATLAS | |
| Shin et al. | Interleaving lattice design for APS linac | |
| Fu et al. | Status and challenges of the China spallation neutron source | |
| Fraser | High power accelerators for spallation breeders of fissile material | |
| Lennox | Overview of accelerators in medicine | |
| Pollock | Indiana University Cyclotron Facility-The First Year of Operation | |
| Alonso et al. | New Opportunities for Medical Isotope Production using the IsoDAR Cyclotron | |
| Mamaras et al. | Alvarez drift tube linac for medical applications in the framework of HITRIplus project | |
| Nichols et al. | Klynac Design Simulations and Experimental Setup | |
| Ma et al. | Primary Beam Dynamics Design of a Heavy-Ion IH-DTL With Electromagnetic Quadrupoles | |
| Picardi et al. | The TOP project status | |
| Hamm et al. | AccSys Technology, Inc. |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |