技术领域technical field
本发明涉及苹果贮藏保鲜技术领域，具体涉及一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of apple storage and preservation, in particular to a method for improving the storage quality of apple fruit and prolonging the shelf life.
背景技术Background technique
“塞外红”，又名“锦绣海棠”，“鸡心果”，2012年12月通过内蒙古自治区林木良种认定(良种编号R-SC一MP一002一 2012)并命名。该品种果实呈阔圆锥形,似鸡心,果皮底色淡黄, 近成熟时全果面着鲜红色,成熟时着色变深红,果肉细腻、紧脆、多汁、酸甜适口，有浓郁的香味，果实可溶性固形物含量高达16.5％～21.5％，可溶性总糖含量为13.6％～16.5％，可滴定酸含量为0.735％～0.900％，维生素C含量高达140.0～180.5mg/kg, 品质好于优质大苹果“寒富和红富士”，是一种高糖、高酸、高 Vc的中国特色苹果，深受消费者青睐。但塞外红苹果属于典型的小型果，平均单果重60g左右，生长发育期短，成熟时正值高温季节，加之果皮薄，不耐磕碰，不耐贮运，采后自然温度条件下存放6～8天就发绵变软，研究发现，塞外红对低温和CO2极其敏感，低温条件下一旦贮藏温度、湿度、气体成分配置不当就会出现果皮开裂、果肉失水和软化发绵、组织褐变、风味下降等品质劣变问题，给果农或贮户造成严重的损失。目前生产上塞外红苹果大部分采用贮藏富士等大苹果的技术和方法进行冷藏，虽然能贮藏60～90天，但货架期仅2～3天，果实就开始软化发绵，果皮颜色变暗、甚至褐变，果实腐烂，商品果率低，这种不耐贮运的特性制约了塞外红这个优良特色苹果产业的健康发展。因此，本发明采用一定的技术和方法提高“塞外红”苹果贮藏品质，延长贮藏和货架期，解决贮藏中存在的问题，提高贮藏商品果率，保持好果率达90％以上，对产业化发展北方寒地苹果具有重要意义。"Saiwaihong", also known as "Splendid Begonia", "Chixinguo", passed the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's forest tree variety certification in December 2012 (the variety number R-SC-MP-002-2012) and was named. The fruit of this variety is broadly conical, like a chicken heart, with a light yellow skin. When it is nearly ripe, the whole fruit surface is bright red, and when it is ripe, the color turns dark red. Fragrance, the soluble solid content of the fruit is as high as 16.5% to 21.5%, the total soluble sugar content is 13.6% to 16.5%, the titratable acid content is 0.735% to 0.900%, and the vitamin C content is as high as 140.0 to 180.5mg/kg. The quality is better than The high-quality large apple "Hanfuhe Hongfuji" is a Chinese characteristic apple with high sugar, high acidity and high Vc, which is favored by consumers. But Saiwaihong apple is a typical small fruit, with an average single fruit weight of about 60g, short growth and development period, high temperature season when it matures, and thin skin, not resistant to bumping, not resistant to storage and transportation, stored under natural temperature conditions after harvest for 6~ It becomes fluffy and soft within 8 days. The study found that Saiwaihong is extremely sensitive to low temperature and CO2 . Once the storage temperature, humidity, and gas composition are improperly configured under low temperature conditions, the peel will crack, the pulp will lose water, soften and become flaky, and the tissue will be brown. Quality deterioration problems such as change, flavor decline, etc., cause serious losses to fruit growers or stockholders. At present, most of the Shangsai Waihong apples are refrigerated using the technology and method of storing Fuji and other big apples. Although they can be stored for 60-90 days, the shelf life is only 2-3 days. Even browning, fruit rot, and low commercial fruit rate, this characteristic of not being resistant to storage and transportation restricts the healthy development of the excellent characteristic apple industry of Saiwaihong. Therefore, the present invention adopts certain techniques and methods to improve the storage quality of "Sai Wai Hong" apples, prolongs the storage and shelf life, solves the problems in storage, improves the rate of stored commercial fruit, and keeps the rate of good fruit reaching more than 90%, which is beneficial to industrialization. It is of great significance to develop apples in northern cold regions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。本发明提供了一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法，解决塞外红苹果贮藏期品质劣变、组织褐变和贮藏货架期短等技术难点和问题。In order to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology. The invention provides a method for improving the storage quality of apple fruit and prolonging the shelf life, and solves technical difficulties and problems such as quality deterioration, tissue browning and short storage shelf life of the red apple during storage.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法，包括如下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for improving apple fruit storage quality and prolonging shelf life, comprising the steps of:
S1、采前处理——在塞外红苹果采收前30天，喷施1 次50％的苯菌灵可湿性粉剂1500～2000倍液，之后在采收前15 天，继续喷施1次50％～70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500～1000 倍液，可预防果实贮藏期红粉病以及其它真菌病害的发生；S1. Pre-harvest treatment - Spray once 50% benomyl wettable powder 1500-2000 times liquid 30 days before harvesting Saiwai red apples, and then continue to spray 50 times 15 days before harvesting %～70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500～1000 times liquid can prevent the occurrence of pink powdery disease and other fungal diseases during fruit storage;
S2、入库前准备——入库前4～6天，对库体和贮藏包装容器用30～35克/立方米硫磺密闭熏蒸24～48小时进行消毒处理，然后通风24～48小时，提前2～3天将库温调制8～12℃备用；S2. Preparation before warehousing——4 to 6 days before warehousing, the warehousing body and storage packaging containers should be fumigated with 30 to 35 g/m3 sulfur for 24 to 48 hours for disinfection treatment, and then ventilated for 24 to 48 hours. Adjust the storage temperature to 8-12°C in 2-3 days for later use;
S3、采收——在果实生长发育期120～130天期间，选择采前喷施苯菌灵和甲基托布津的果树，采用便携式无损伤检测仪随机抽样检测树上50个果实的品质，要求90％以上的果实硬度达到10.5～11.8kg/cm2，可溶性固形物含量达到16.0％～ 18.5％，全果面着鲜红色的果实作为贮藏果采收成熟度标准进行无伤采摘，达到此标准的果实具有良好的营养品质和贮藏货架期；S3. Harvesting——During the 120-130 days of fruit growth and development, select fruit trees sprayed with benomyl and thiophanate-methyl before harvest, and use a portable non-destructive detector to randomly sample and detect the quality of 50 fruits on the tree. It is required that more than 90% of the fruits have a hardness of 10.5-11.8kg/cm2 , a soluble solid content of 16.0%-18.5%, and the fruits with bright red on the whole fruit surface shall be harvested without injury as the maturity standard for storage fruit harvesting. The standard fruit has good nutritional quality and storage shelf life;
S4、运输——将按要求采摘的果实6～12小时之内运至贮藏场所进行后续处理；S4. Transportation—transport the fruits picked according to the requirements to the storage place for subsequent processing within 6 to 12 hours;
S5、熏蒸——将运输回的塞外红苹果放在密封库内，用 1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸处理果实12～16小时，熏蒸过程中环境温度控制在8～12℃，1-甲基环丙烯的浓度为0.5～1.0μL/L，熏蒸处理完后，打开密闭场所通风6～12小时，将多余的1-甲基环丙烯气体排除；S5. Fumigation—Put the red apples transported back in a sealed warehouse, and fumigate the fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene for 12-16 hours. During the fumigation process, the ambient temperature is controlled at 8-12°C. The concentration of propylene is 0.5-1.0 μL/L. After the fumigation treatment, open the closed place to ventilate for 6-12 hours to remove the excess 1-methylcyclopropene gas;
S6、水杨酸处理——将1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸处理的果实浸入6～8mmol/L的水杨酸溶液中减压抽气处理，至压力到 0.05～0.08MPa时保持3～5分钟，然后放入空气，让果实在常压下继续浸泡5～7分钟，取出晾干，环境温度控制在8～12℃；S6. Salicylic acid treatment - immerse the fruit fumigated by 1-methylcyclopropene into a 6-8mmol/L salicylic acid solution for decompression and air extraction until the pressure reaches 0.05-0.08MPa and keep for 3-5 minutes , and then put in the air, let the fruit continue to soak for 5-7 minutes under normal pressure, take it out to dry, and control the ambient temperature at 8-12°C;
S7、包装——将晾干后的苹果果实，用厚度为0.02毫米的苹果专用聚乙烯薄膜小袋，单果包装后放入内衬白色PP抽线无纺布袋的纸箱或塑料果箱中，每袋或每箱装果量为2.5～5 千克，包装场所的环境温度控制在8～12℃；S7. Packaging—Put the dried apple fruit in a 0.02mm-thick apple-specific polyethylene film pouch, and put the single fruit into a carton or plastic fruit box lined with a white PP drawstring non-woven bag. The amount of fruit in bags or boxes is 2.5-5 kg, and the ambient temperature of the packaging place is controlled at 8-12°C;
S8、两段降温法贮藏——将包装好的果实放入冷库中，前期分两段降温贮藏，第一段温度控制在6～8℃，预冷4～5天；之后将库温降至2～4℃，预冷4～5天；S8. Two-stage cooling method storage - put the packaged fruit in the cold storage, and store in two stages of cooling in the early stage. The temperature in the first stage is controlled at 6-8°C and pre-cooled for 4-5 days; after that, the storage temperature is lowered. 2～4℃, pre-cooling for 4～5 days;
S9、气调贮藏——将采用两段降温法预冷完的果实放在温度为0～0.5℃、相对湿度为80％～90％的气调库中，调控气调库中的气体参数为O2体积百分比含量5％、CO2体积百分比含量1％～ 2％，直至气调贮藏结束。S9. Controlled atmosphere storage—put the fruits pre-cooled by the two-stage cooling method in a controlled atmosphere storage with a temperature of 0-0.5°C and a relative humidity of 80%-90%. The gas parameters in the controlled-atmosphere storage are adjusted as follows: O2 volume percentage content of 5%, CO2 volume percentage content of 1% to 2%, until the end of the controlled atmosphere storage.
作为本发明的一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法优选技术方案，所述S1中，若果实生长发育期120-130天，在塞外红苹果果实生长90-100天时喷施1次50％的苯菌灵可湿性粉剂。As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention for improving the storage quality of apple fruit and prolonging the shelf life, in the S1, if the fruit growth and development period is 120-130 days, spray once when the fruit of the red apple grows for 90-100 days 50% benomyl wettable powder.
作为本发明的一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法优选技术方案，所述S1中，若果实生长发育期120-130天，在果实生长105-115天时继续喷施1次50％～70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500～1000倍液。As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention for improving the storage quality of apple fruit and prolonging the shelf life, in the S1, if the fruit growth and development period is 120-130 days, continue to spray 50% of the fruit once when the fruit grows 105-115 days ～70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500～1000 times liquid.
作为本发明的一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法优选技术方案，所述S2中，消毒处理预防贮藏期青霉病、红粉病及其它真菌病害。As a preferred technical solution of the method for improving the storage quality of apple fruit and prolonging the shelf life of the present invention, in the S2, the disinfection treatment prevents penicillium, powdery mildew and other fungal diseases during storage.
作为本发明的一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法优选技术方案，所述S8中，将包装好的果实放入冷库中，前期分两段降温贮藏，主要预防低温冷害。As an optimal technical solution for improving the storage quality of apple fruit and prolonging the shelf life of the present invention, in S8, the packaged fruit is put into the cold storage, and the temperature is stored in two stages in the early stage, mainly to prevent low-temperature chilling damage.
作为本发明的一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法优选技术方案，定期检测气调库内气体成分和环境温、湿度，氧气和二氧化碳气体成分采用美国F-950 ThreeGas Analyzer 测定。As an optimal technical solution of the method for improving the storage quality of apple fruit and prolonging the shelf life of the present invention, the gas composition and ambient temperature and humidity in the controlled atmosphere storage are regularly detected, and the oxygen and carbon dioxide gas components are measured by the American F-950 ThreeGas Analyzer.
作为本发明的一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法优选技术方案，温、湿度采用德国testo 174温湿度仪监测。As a preferred technical solution for improving the storage quality of apple fruit and prolonging the shelf life of the present invention, the temperature and humidity are monitored by a German testo 174 temperature and humidity instrument.
作为本发明的一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法优选技术方案，所述S1中，苯菌灵可湿性粉剂为内吸性杀菌剂，在植物体内代谢为多菌灵及另一种有挥发性异氰酸丁酯，是其主要杀菌物质。As a preferred technical solution for improving the storage quality of apple fruit and prolonging the shelf life of the present invention, in the S1, the wettable powder of benomyl is a systemic fungicide, which is metabolized into carbendazim and another A volatile butyl isocyanate is its main bactericidal substance.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1)本发明提供的塞外红苹果贮藏保鲜方法，采用物理和化学相结合的方式，对塞外红苹果果实适宜采收期前30～15天喷洒苯菌灵和甲基托布津可湿性粉剂(主要预防采后贮藏期果实红粉病以及其它真菌病害的发生)、采后1-甲基环丙烯和水杨酸处理(主要起保鲜和减轻低温冷害的作用)、保鲜袋单果包装和无纺布包装(防止果实失水和磕碰伤)、前期两段降温法贮藏(为了降低冷害)、之后气调贮藏。1) The storage and fresh-keeping method for red apples outside the Great Wall provided by the present invention adopts a combination of physics and chemistry to spray benomyl and thiophanate-methyl wettable powder (mainly Prevention of fruit powdery mildew and other fungal diseases during postharvest storage), postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene and salicylic acid treatment (mainly to preserve freshness and reduce cold damage), single fruit packaging in fresh-keeping bags and non-woven packaging (to prevent fruit dehydration and bump injury), two-stage cooling method storage in the early stage (in order to reduce cold damage), and then storage under controlled atmosphere.
2)采用此技术贮藏塞外红苹果，不仅解决了背景技术中塞外红苹果仅仅贮藏60～90天，果肉就开始发绵、变软、果皮开裂、颜色变暗、甚至褐变等问题，还将贮藏期延长到了150天，货架期也从背景技术中的2～3天延长到了5～7天，降低了果实的冷害率和腐烂率，将商品果率提高到了90％以上，而且基本保持了贮藏果实的色香味，保持了果实的高硬度、高糖、高酸等品质特征,提高了果实耐贮性，很好地满足远程运输销售和长期贮藏的需要,同时又减少了贮藏的风险和成本。2) Using this technology to store Saiwaihong apples not only solves the problems in the background technology that Saiwaihong apples are stored for only 60 to 90 days, and the pulp begins to become soft, soft, cracked, darkened, and even browned. The storage period has been extended to 150 days, and the shelf life has also been extended from 2 to 3 days in the background technology to 5 to 7 days. The color and fragrance of the stored fruit maintain the high hardness, high sugar, high acid and other quality characteristics of the fruit, improve the storage resistance of the fruit, and meet the needs of long-distance transportation, sales and long-term storage, while reducing the risk and risk of storage. cost.
3)采用本发明贮藏的塞外红果实，贮藏120天+货架5天和150 天+货架5天时，塞外红果肉硬度仍然高于9.0kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量在16.0％以上，未出现果皮冷害和果心褐变症状，裂果率仅为3％～6％，商品果率高达94.0％，而采用普通方法贮藏60～ 90天货架仅仅3天，果实硬度就下降到7.5kg/cm2(研究表明：塞外红果实硬度低于8.0kg/cm2，果肉开始发绵，预示果实开始衰老，失去食用价值)，而且出现了一定的冷害，具体为果皮和果心褐变指数达到12％以上，果实腐烂率高达20.0％，商品果率仅仅为52.0％。3) When the Saiwaihong fruit stored in the present invention is stored for 120 days + 5 days on the shelf and 150 days + 5 days on the shelf, the hardness of the Saiwaihong fruit is still higher than 9.0kg/cm2 , and the soluble solid content is above 16.0%. Symptoms of chilling damage to the peel and browning of the fruit core, the fruit cracking rate is only 3% to 6%, and the commercial fruit rate is as high as 94.0%. However, the fruit hardness drops to 7.5kg/cm2 after only 3 days of storage for 60 to 90 days by ordinary methods. (Research shows that the hardness of Saiwaihong fruit is lower than 8.0kg/cm2 , and the flesh begins to swell, indicating that the fruit begins to age and lose its edible value), and there has been a certain amount of chilling damage, specifically the browning index of the peel and fruit core reaching 12%. Above, the fruit rot rate is as high as 20.0%, and the commercial fruit rate is only 52.0%.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the description, and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1为本发明贮藏120天货架5天效果图(备注：左为原有技术贮藏的塞外红果实果皮冷害褐变症状，右为本发明贮藏的效果)；Fig. 1 is the storage effect figure of the present invention for 120 days and 5 days on the shelf (remarks: the left side is the symptoms of browning caused by chilling of the outer red fruit pericarp stored in the prior art, and the right side is the storage effect of the present invention);
图2中左图为原有技术贮藏90天+货架3天对比图，右图为本发明技术贮藏120天+货架7天对比图(备注：左图为原有技术贮藏的塞外红果实果皮裂果症状，右图为本发明贮藏的效果)；In Fig. 2, the left picture is a comparison chart of 90 days of storage in the original technology + 3 days of shelf life, and the right picture is a comparison picture of 120 days of storage in the present invention + 7 days of shelf life (remarks: the left picture is the pericarp cracking fruit of Saiwaihong fruit stored in the original technology symptoms, the right figure is the storage effect of the present invention);
图3为本发明塞外红贮藏120天+货架5天效果对比图(备注：左为原有技术贮藏的塞外红果实果皮褐变，裂果、衰老症状，右为本发明贮藏的效果)。Fig. 3 is a comparison diagram of the effect of Saiwaihong stored for 120 days+shelf for 5 days of the present invention (remarks: the left is the pericarp browning, fruit cracking, and aging symptoms of the Saiwaihong fruit stored in the prior art, and the right is the storage effect of the present invention).
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for improving apple fruit storage quality and extending shelf life, comprising the steps of:
S1、采前处理——在塞外红苹果采收前30天，喷施1 次50％的苯菌灵可湿性粉剂1500倍液，之后在采收前15天，继续喷施1次50％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500倍液，可预防果实贮藏期红粉病以及其它真菌病害的发生；S1. Pre-harvest treatment - Spray once 50% benomyl wettable powder 1500 times liquid 30 days before harvesting red apples, and then continue to spray 50% benomyl once 15 days before harvesting Kitobuzin wettable powder 500 times liquid can prevent the occurrence of pink powdery mildew and other fungal diseases during fruit storage;
S2、入库前准备——入库前4天，对库体和贮藏包装容器用30克/立方米硫磺密闭熏蒸24小时进行消毒处理，然后通风24小时，提前2天将库温调制8℃备用；S2. Preparation before warehousing——4 days before warehousing, use 30 g/m3 sulfur to airtightly fumigate the warehouse body and storage packaging containers for 24 hours for disinfection, then ventilate for 24 hours, and adjust the temperature of the warehouse to 8°C 2 days in advance spare;
S3、采收——在果实生长发育期120天期间，选择采前喷施苯菌灵和甲基托布津的果树，采用便携式无损伤检测仪随机抽样检测树上50个果实的品质，要求90％以上的果实硬度达到 10.5kg/cm2，可溶性固形物含量达到16.0％，全果面着鲜红色的果实作为贮藏果采收成熟度标准进行无伤采摘，达到此标准的果实具有良好的营养品质和贮藏货架期；S3. Harvesting——During the 120-day fruit growth and development period, select fruit trees sprayed with benomyl and thiophanate-methyl before harvesting, and use a portable non-destructive detector to randomly sample and detect the quality of 50 fruits on the tree, requiring 90 More than 10.5% of the fruit has a hardness of 10.5kg/cm2 and a soluble solid content of 16.0%. Fruits with a bright red color on the whole fruit surface are used as storage fruit harvest maturity standards for non-injured picking. Fruits reaching this standard have good nutrition quality and storage shelf life;
S4、运输——将按要求采摘的果实6小时之内运至贮藏场所进行后续处理；S4. Transportation—transport the fruits picked according to the requirements to the storage place for subsequent processing within 6 hours;
S5、熏蒸——将运输回的塞外红苹果放在密封库内，用 1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸处理果实12小时，熏蒸过程中环境温度控制在8℃，1-甲基环丙烯的浓度为0.5μL/L，熏蒸处理完后，打开密闭场所通风6小时，将多余的1-甲基环丙烯气体排除；S5. Fumigation——Put the red apples transported back in a sealed warehouse, and fumigate the fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene for 12 hours. During the fumigation process, the ambient temperature is controlled at 8°C, and the concentration of 1-methylcyclopropene is 0.5μL/L, after the fumigation treatment, open the closed place to ventilate for 6 hours, and remove the excess 1-methylcyclopropene gas;
S6、水杨酸处理——将1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸处理的果实浸入6mmol/L的水杨酸溶液中减压抽气处理，至压力到0.05MPa 时保持3分钟，然后放入空气，让果实在常压下继续浸泡5分钟，取出晾干，环境温度控制在8℃；S6, salicylic acid treatment - immerse the fruit fumigated by 1-methylcyclopropene into a 6mmol/L salicylic acid solution for decompression and pumping, until the pressure reaches 0.05MPa and keep for 3 minutes, then put into the air, Let the fruit continue to soak for 5 minutes under normal pressure, take it out to dry, and control the ambient temperature at 8°C;
S7、包装——将晾干后的苹果果实，用厚度为0.02毫米的苹果专用聚乙烯薄膜小袋，单果包装后放入内衬白色PP抽线无纺布袋的纸箱或塑料果箱中，每袋或每箱装果量为2.5千克，包装场所的环境温度控制在8℃；S7. Packaging—Put the dried apple fruit in a 0.02mm-thick apple-specific polyethylene film pouch, and put the single fruit into a carton or plastic fruit box lined with a white PP drawstring non-woven bag. The amount of fruit in bags or boxes is 2.5 kg, and the ambient temperature of the packaging place is controlled at 8°C;
S8、两段降温法贮藏——将包装好的果实放入冷库中，前期分两段降温贮藏，第一段温度控制在6℃，预冷4天；之后将库温降至2℃，预冷4天；S8. Two-stage cooling method storage - put the packaged fruit in the cold storage, and store it in two stages in the early stage. The temperature in the first stage is controlled at 6°C and pre-cooled for 4 days; cold for 4 days;
S9、气调贮藏——将采用两段降温法预冷完的果实放在温度为0℃、相对湿度为80％的气调库中，调控气调库中的气体参数为O2体积百分比含量5％、CO2体积百分比含量1％，直至气调贮藏结束。S9. Controlled atmosphere storage - put the fruits pre-cooled by the two-stage cooling method in a controlled atmosphere storehouse with a temperature of 0°C and a relative humidity of 80%, and adjust the gas parameters in the controlled atmosphere storehouse to O2 volume percentage content 5%, CO2 volume percentage content 1%, until the end of the controlled atmosphere storage.
结合上述内容，所述S1中，若果实生长发育期120天，在塞外红苹果果实生长90天时天喷施1次50％的苯菌灵可湿性粉剂。In combination with the above content, in the above S1, if the fruit growth period is 120 days, spray 50% benomyl wettable powder once a day when the fruit of the red apple fruit grows for 90 days.
结合上述内容，所述S1中，若果实生长发育期120天，在果实生长105天时继续喷施1次50％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500倍液。In combination with the above, in the S1, if the fruit growth period is 120 days, continue to spray 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times liquid once when the fruit grows 105 days.
结合上述内容，所述S2中，消毒处理预防贮藏期青霉病、红粉病及其它真菌病害。In combination with the above content, in the S2, disinfection treatment is used to prevent penicillium, powdery mildew and other fungal diseases during storage.
结合上述内容，所述S8中，将包装好的果实放入冷库中，前期分两段降温贮藏，主要预防低温冷害。In combination with the above content, in the S8, the packaged fruit is put into the cold storage, and the temperature is stored in two stages in the early stage, mainly to prevent low temperature chilling injury.
结合上述内容，定期检测气调库内气体成分和环境温、湿度，氧气和二氧化碳气体成分采用美国F-950 Three Gas Analyzer 测定。Combining the above content, the gas composition and ambient temperature and humidity in the controlled atmosphere warehouse are regularly tested. The composition of oxygen and carbon dioxide is measured by the American F-950 Three Gas Analyzer.
结合上述内容，温、湿度采用德国testo 174温湿度仪监测。Combined with the above content, the temperature and humidity are monitored by a German testo 174 temperature and humidity meter.
结合上述内容，所述S1中，苯菌灵可湿性粉剂为内吸性杀菌剂，在植物体内代谢为多菌灵及另一种有挥发性异氰酸丁酯，是其主要杀菌物质。In combination with the above content, in the above S1, the wettable powder of benomyl is a systemic fungicide, which is metabolized in plants into carbendazim and another volatile butyl isocyanate, which is the main fungicide.
实施例2Example 2
一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for improving apple fruit storage quality and extending shelf life, comprising the steps of:
S1、采前处理——在塞外红苹果采收前30天，喷施1 次50％的苯菌灵可湿性粉剂1800倍液，之后在采收前15天，继续喷施1次60％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂800倍液，可预防果实贮藏期红粉病以及其它真菌病害的发生；S1. Pre-harvest treatment - Spray once 50% benomyl wettable powder 1800 times liquid 30 days before harvesting red apples in Saiwai, and then continue to spray 60% benomyl once 15 days before harvesting Kitobuzin wettable powder 800 times liquid can prevent the occurrence of pink powdery mildew and other fungal diseases during fruit storage;
S2、入库前准备——入库前5天，对库体和贮藏包装容器用33克/立方米硫磺密闭熏蒸36小时进行消毒处理，然后通风36小时，提前2.5天将库温调制10℃备用；S2. Preparation before warehousing——5 days before warehousing, the warehousing body and storage packaging containers were fumigated with 33 g/m3 sulfur for 36 hours for disinfection, then ventilated for 36 hours, and the temperature of the warehousing was adjusted to 10°C 2.5 days in advance spare;
S3、采收——在果实生长发育期125天期间，选择采前喷施苯菌灵和甲基托布津的果树，采用便携式无损伤检测仪随机抽样检测树上50个果实的品质，要求90％以上的果实硬度达到 11.0kg/cm2，可溶性固形物含量达到17.0％，全果面着鲜红色的果实作为贮藏果采收成熟度标准进行无伤采摘，达到此标准的果实具有良好的营养品质和贮藏货架期；S3. Harvesting——During the 125-day fruit growth and development period, select fruit trees sprayed with benomyl and thiophanate-methyl before harvest, and use a portable non-destructive detector to randomly sample and detect the quality of 50 fruits on the tree, requiring 90 The fruit with more than 100% hardness reaches 11.0kg/cm2 , the soluble solid content reaches 17.0%, and the fruit with bright red color on the whole fruit surface is used as the storage fruit harvest maturity standard for picking without injury. The fruit reaching this standard has good nutrition quality and storage shelf life;
S4、运输——将按要求采摘的果实9小时之内运至贮藏场所进行后续处理；S4. Transportation—transport the fruits picked according to the requirements to the storage place for subsequent processing within 9 hours;
S5、熏蒸——将运输回的塞外红苹果放在密封库内，用 1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸处理果实14小时，熏蒸过程中环境温度控制在10℃，1-甲基环丙烯的浓度为0.8μL/L，熏蒸处理完后，打开密闭场所通风9小时，将多余的1-甲基环丙烯气体排除；S5. Fumigation—Put the red apples transported back in a sealed warehouse, and fumigate the fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene for 14 hours. During the fumigation process, the ambient temperature is controlled at 10°C, and the concentration of 1-methylcyclopropene is 0.8μL/L, after the fumigation treatment, open the closed place to ventilate for 9 hours, and remove the excess 1-methylcyclopropene gas;
S6、水杨酸处理——将1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸处理的果实浸入7mmol/L的水杨酸溶液中减压抽气处理，至压力到0.07MPa 时保持4分钟，然后放入空气，让果实在常压下继续浸泡6分钟，取出晾干，环境温度控制在10℃；S6, salicylic acid treatment - immerse the fruit fumigated by 1-methylcyclopropene into a 7mmol/L salicylic acid solution to depressurize and pump air until the pressure reaches 0.07MPa and keep for 4 minutes, then put into the air, Let the fruit continue to soak for 6 minutes under normal pressure, take it out to dry, and control the ambient temperature at 10°C;
S7、包装——将晾干后的苹果果实，用厚度为0.02毫米的苹果专用聚乙烯薄膜小袋，单果包装后放入内衬白色PP抽线无纺布袋的纸箱或塑料果箱中，每袋或每箱装果量为4千克，包装场所的环境温度控制在10℃；S7. Packaging—Put the dried apple fruit in a 0.02mm-thick apple-specific polyethylene film pouch, and put the single fruit into a carton or plastic fruit box lined with a white PP drawstring non-woven bag. The amount of fruit in bags or boxes is 4 kg, and the ambient temperature of the packaging place is controlled at 10°C;
S8、两段降温法贮藏——将包装好的果实放入冷库中，前期分两段降温贮藏，第一段温度控制在7℃，预冷4.5天；之后将库温降至3℃，预冷4.5天；S8. Two-stage cooling method storage - put the packaged fruit in the cold storage, and store it in two stages in the early stage. 4.5 days cold;
S9、气调贮藏——将采用两段降温法预冷完的果实放在温度为0.25℃、相对湿度为85％的气调库中，调控气调库中的气体参数为O2体积百分比含量5％、CO2体积百分比含量1.5％，直至气调贮藏结束。S9. Controlled atmosphere storage—put the fruits pre-cooled by the two-stage cooling method in a controlled atmosphere storage with a temperature of 0.25°C and a relative humidity of 85%, and adjust the gas parameters in the controlled atmosphere storage to O2 volume percentage content of 5 %, CO2 volume percentage content of 1.5%, until the end of the controlled atmosphere storage.
结合上述内容，所述S1中，若果实生长发育期125天，在塞外红苹果果实生长95天时天喷施1次50％的苯菌灵可湿性粉剂。In combination with the above, in S1, if the fruit growth period is 125 days, spray 50% benomyl wettable powder once a day when the fruit of the red apple fruit grows for 95 days.
结合上述内容，所述S1中，若果实生长发育期125天，在果实生长110天时继续喷施1次60％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂750倍液。In combination with the above content, in the S1, if the fruit growth period is 125 days, continue to spray 60% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 750 times liquid once when the fruit grows 110 days.
结合上述内容，所述S2中，消毒处理预防贮藏期青霉病、红粉病及其它真菌病害。In combination with the above content, in the S2, disinfection treatment is used to prevent penicillium, powdery mildew and other fungal diseases during storage.
结合上述内容，所述S8中，将包装好的果实放入冷库中，前期分两段降温贮藏，主要预防低温冷害。In combination with the above content, in the S8, the packaged fruit is put into the cold storage, and the temperature is stored in two stages in the early stage, mainly to prevent low temperature chilling injury.
结合上述内容，定期检测气调库内气体成分和环境温、湿度，氧气和二氧化碳气体成分采用美国F-950 Three Gas Analyzer 测定。Combining the above content, the gas composition and ambient temperature and humidity in the controlled atmosphere warehouse are regularly tested. The composition of oxygen and carbon dioxide is measured by the American F-950 Three Gas Analyzer.
结合上述内容，温、湿度采用德国testo 174温湿度仪监测。Combined with the above content, the temperature and humidity are monitored by a German testo 174 temperature and humidity meter.
结合上述内容，所述S1中，苯菌灵可湿性粉剂为内吸性杀菌剂，在植物体内代谢为多菌灵及另一种有挥发性异氰酸丁酯，是其主要杀菌物质。In combination with the above content, in the above S1, the wettable powder of benomyl is a systemic fungicide, which is metabolized in plants into carbendazim and another volatile butyl isocyanate, which is the main fungicide.
实施例3Example 3
一种提高苹果果实贮藏品质和延长货架期的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for improving apple fruit storage quality and extending shelf life, comprising the steps of:
S1、采前处理——在塞外红苹果采收前30天，喷施1 次50％的苯菌灵可湿性粉剂2000倍液，之后在采收前15天，继续喷施1次70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂1000倍液，可预防果实贮藏期红粉病以及其它真菌病害的发生；S1. Pre-harvest treatment - Spray 50% benomyl wettable powder 2000 times solution once 30 days before harvesting red apples, and then continue to spray 70% benomyl once 15 days before harvesting Kitabzin wettable powder 1000 times liquid can prevent the occurrence of pink powdery mildew and other fungal diseases during fruit storage;
S2、入库前准备——入库前6天，对库体和贮藏包装容器用35克/立方米硫磺密闭熏蒸48小时进行消毒处理，然后通风48小时，提前3天将库温调制12℃备用；S2. Preparation before warehousing - 6 days before warehousing, the warehousing body and storage packaging containers are fumigated with 35 g/m3 sulfur for 48 hours for disinfection treatment, then ventilated for 48 hours, and the temperature of the warehousing is adjusted to 12 ℃ 3 days in advance spare;
S3、采收——在果实生长发育期130天期间，选择采前喷施苯菌灵和甲基托布津的果树，采用便携式无损伤检测仪随机抽样检测树上50个果实的品质，要求90％以上的果实硬度达到 11.8kg/cm2，可溶性固形物含量达到18.5％，全果面着鲜红色的果实作为贮藏果采收成熟度标准进行无伤采摘，达到此标准的果实具有良好的营养品质和贮藏货架期；S3. Harvesting——During the 130-day fruit growth and development period, select fruit trees sprayed with benomyl and thiophanate-methyl before harvest, and use a portable non-destructive detector to randomly sample and detect the quality of 50 fruits on the tree, requiring 90 The hardness of more than 11.8kg/cm 2 of fruit reaches 11.8kg/cm2 , the content of soluble solids reaches 18.5%, and the fruit with bright red color on the whole fruit surface is used as the maturity standard of storage fruit for picking without injury. The fruit reaching this standard has good nutrition quality and storage shelf life;
S4、运输——将按要求采摘的果实12小时之内运至贮藏场所进行后续处理；S4. Transportation—transport the fruits picked according to the requirements to the storage place for subsequent processing within 12 hours;
S5、熏蒸——将运输回的塞外红苹果放在密封库内，用 1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸处理果实16小时，熏蒸过程中环境温度控制在12℃，1-甲基环丙烯的浓度为1.0μL/L，熏蒸处理完后，打开密闭场所通风12小时，将多余的1-甲基环丙烯气体排除；S5. Fumigation—Put the red apples transported back in a sealed warehouse, and fumigate the fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene for 16 hours. During the fumigation process, the ambient temperature is controlled at 12°C, and the concentration of 1-methylcyclopropene is 1.0μL/L, after the fumigation treatment, open the closed place to ventilate for 12 hours, and remove the excess 1-methylcyclopropene gas;
S6、水杨酸处理——将1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸处理的果实浸入8mmol/L的水杨酸溶液中减压抽气处理，至压力到0.08MPa 时保持5分钟，然后放入空气，让果实在常压下继续浸泡7分钟，取出晾干，环境温度控制在12℃；S6, salicylic acid treatment - immerse the fruit fumigated by 1-methylcyclopropene into a salicylic acid solution of 8mmol/L for decompression and pumping, until the pressure reaches 0.08MPa and keep for 5 minutes, then put into the air, Let the fruit continue to soak for 7 minutes under normal pressure, take it out to dry, and control the ambient temperature at 12°C;
S7、包装——将晾干后的苹果果实，用厚度为0.02毫米的苹果专用聚乙烯薄膜小袋，单果包装后放入内衬白色PP抽线无纺布袋的纸箱或塑料果箱中，每袋或每箱装果量为5千克，包装场所的环境温度控制在12℃；S7. Packaging—Put the dried apple fruit in a 0.02mm-thick apple-specific polyethylene film pouch, and put the single fruit into a carton or plastic fruit box lined with a white PP drawstring non-woven bag. The amount of fruit in bags or boxes is 5 kg, and the ambient temperature of the packaging place is controlled at 12°C;
S8、两段降温法贮藏——将包装好的果实放入冷库中，前期分两段降温贮藏，第一段温度控制在8℃，预冷5天；之后将库温降至4℃，预冷5天；S8. Two-stage cooling method storage - put the packaged fruit in the cold storage, and store it in two stages in the early stage. The temperature in the first stage is controlled at 8°C and pre-cooled for 5 days; cold for 5 days;
S9、气调贮藏——将采用两段降温法预冷完的果实放在温度为0.5℃、相对湿度为90％的气调库中，调控气调库中的气体参数为O2体积百分比含量5％、CO2体积百分比含量2％，直至气调贮藏结束。S9. Controlled atmosphere storage - put the fruits pre-cooled by the two-stage cooling method in a controlled atmosphere storage with a temperature of 0.5°C and a relative humidity of 90%, and adjust the gas parameters in the controlled atmosphere storage toO2 volume percentage content 5%, CO2 volume percentage content 2%, until the end of the controlled atmosphere storage.
结合上述内容，所述S1中，若果实生长发育期130天，在塞外红苹果果实生长100天时天喷施1次50％的苯菌灵可湿性粉剂。In combination with the above, in S1, if the fruit growth period is 130 days, spray 50% benomyl wettable powder once a day when the fruit of the red apple fruit grows for 100 days.
结合上述内容，所述S1中，若果实生长发育期130天，在果实生长115天时继续喷施1次70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂1000倍液。In combination with the above, in the S1, if the fruit growth period is 130 days, continue spraying 1000 times liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder once when the fruit grows 115 days.
结合上述内容，所述S2中，消毒处理预防贮藏期青霉病、红粉病及其它真菌病害。In combination with the above content, in the S2, disinfection treatment is used to prevent penicillium, powdery mildew and other fungal diseases during storage.
结合上述内容，所述S8中，将包装好的果实放入冷库中，前期分两段降温贮藏，主要预防低温冷害。In combination with the above content, in the S8, the packaged fruit is put into the cold storage, and the temperature is stored in two stages in the early stage, mainly to prevent low temperature chilling injury.
结合上述内容，定期检测气调库内气体成分和环境温、湿度，氧气和二氧化碳气体成分采用美国F-950 Three Gas Analyzer 测定。Combining the above content, the gas composition and ambient temperature and humidity in the controlled atmosphere warehouse are regularly tested. The composition of oxygen and carbon dioxide is measured by the American F-950 Three Gas Analyzer.
结合上述内容，温、湿度采用德国testo 174温湿度仪监测。Combined with the above content, the temperature and humidity are monitored by a German testo 174 temperature and humidity meter.
结合上述内容，所述S1中，苯菌灵可湿性粉剂为内吸性杀菌剂，在植物体内代谢为多菌灵及另一种有挥发性异氰酸丁酯，是其主要杀菌物质。In combination with the above content, in the above S1, the wettable powder of benomyl is a systemic fungicide, which is metabolized in plants into carbendazim and another volatile butyl isocyanate, which is the main fungicide.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1)本发明提供的塞外红苹果贮藏保鲜方法，采用物理和化学相结合的方式，对塞外红苹果果实采收期前30～15天喷洒苯菌灵和甲基托布津可湿性粉剂(主要预防采后贮藏期果实红粉病以及其它真菌病害的发生)、采后1-甲基环丙烯和水杨酸处理(主要起保鲜和减轻低温冷害的作用)、保鲜袋单果包装和无纺布包装(防止果实失水和磕碰伤)、前期两段降温法贮藏(为了降低冷害)、之后气调贮藏。1) The storage and fresh-keeping method for red apples outside the Great Wall provided by the present invention adopts a combination of physics and chemistry to spray benomyl and thiophanate-methyl wettable powder (mainly to prevent postharvest storage period fruit powdery mildew and other fungal diseases), postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene and salicylic acid treatment (mainly to preserve freshness and reduce cold damage), single fruit packaging in fresh-keeping bags and non-woven packaging ( Prevent fruit dehydration and bump damage), storage in two stages of cooling in the early stage (in order to reduce chilling damage), and storage in controlled atmosphere afterwards.
2)采用此技术贮藏塞外红苹果，不仅解决了背景技术中塞外红苹果仅仅贮藏60～90天，果肉就开始发绵、变软、果皮开裂、颜色变暗、甚至褐变等问题，还将贮藏期延长到了150天，货架期也从背景技术中的2～3天延长到了5～7天，降低了果实的冷害率和腐烂率，将商品果率提高到了90％以上，而且基本保持了贮藏果实的色香味，保持了果实的高硬度、高糖、高酸等品质特征,提高了果实耐贮性，很好地满足远程运输销售和长期贮藏的需要,同时又减少了贮藏的风险和成本。2) Using this technology to store Saiwaihong apples not only solves the problems in the background technology that Saiwaihong apples are stored for only 60 to 90 days, and the pulp begins to become soft, soft, cracked, darkened, and even browned. The storage period has been extended to 150 days, and the shelf life has also been extended from 2 to 3 days in the background technology to 5 to 7 days. The color and fragrance of the stored fruit maintain the high hardness, high sugar, high acid and other quality characteristics of the fruit, improve the storage resistance of the fruit, and meet the needs of long-distance transportation, sales and long-term storage, while reducing the risk and risk of storage. cost.
3)采用本发明贮藏的塞外红果实，贮藏120天+货架5天和 150天+货架5天时，塞外红果肉硬度仍然高于9.0kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量在16.0％以上，未出现果皮冷害和果心褐变症状，裂果率仅为3％～6％，商品果率高达94.0％，而采用普通方法贮藏60～90天货架仅仅3天，果实硬度就下降到7.5kg/cm2(研究表明：塞外红果实硬度低于8.0kg/cm2，果肉开始发绵，预示果实开始衰老，失去食用价值)，而且出现了一定的冷害，具体为果皮和果心褐变指数达到12％以上，果实腐烂率高达20％，商品果率仅仅为52.0％。3) When the Saiwaihong fruit stored in the present invention is stored for 120 days + 5 days on the shelf and 150 days + 5 days on the shelf, the hardness of the Saiwaihong fruit is still higher than 9.0kg/cm2 , and the soluble solid content is above 16.0%. Symptoms of chilling injury on the peel and browning of the fruit core, the fruit cracking rate is only 3% to 6%, and the commercial fruit rate is as high as 94.0%. However, the fruit hardness drops to 7.5kg/cm2 after only 3 days of storage for 60 to 90 days by ordinary methods. (Research shows that the hardness of Saiwaihong fruit is lower than 8.0kg/cm2 , and the flesh begins to swell, indicating that the fruit begins to age and lose its edible value), and there has been a certain amount of chilling damage, specifically the browning index of the peel and fruit core reaching 12%. Above, the fruit rot rate is as high as 20%, and the commercial fruit rate is only 52.0%.
发明与原有技术效果对比Comparison of invention and original technical effect
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910489683.4ACN110200063A (en) | 2019-06-06 | 2019-06-06 | A method of improving Apple storage quality and Shelf-life |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910489683.4ACN110200063A (en) | 2019-06-06 | 2019-06-06 | A method of improving Apple storage quality and Shelf-life |
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| CN110200063Atrue CN110200063A (en) | 2019-09-06 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201910489683.4APendingCN110200063A (en) | 2019-06-06 | 2019-06-06 | A method of improving Apple storage quality and Shelf-life |
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| CN (1) | CN110200063A (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111972489A (en)* | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-24 | 阿克苏优能农业科技股份有限公司 | Safe and efficient preservative special for apples and preparation method thereof |
| CN113229358A (en)* | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-10 | 海南亿丰源农业发展有限公司 | Preservative treatment method for cherry tomato fruits |
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