CN110173259B - Stoneley wave energy compensation correction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
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Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及石油天然气勘探领域，利用斯通利波能量衰减幅度进行储层有效性识别，提供了一种斯通利波能量补偿校正的方法。The invention relates to the field of oil and natural gas exploration, uses the Stoneley wave energy attenuation amplitude to identify the validity of the reservoir, and provides a Stoneley wave energy compensation and correction method.
背景技术Background technique
对于缝洞性碳酸盐岩储层，常规测井能计算储层的孔隙度，成像测井能够识别有效储层井壁上的裂缝及溶蚀孔洞等地质现象，但由于测量深度较浅，仅局限于井壁附近，对于非均质性极强的碳酸盐岩储层，井壁远端渗透性是缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层有效性的一个重要指标。For fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs, conventional logging can calculate the porosity of the reservoir, and imaging logging can identify geological phenomena such as fractures and dissolved pores on the borehole wall of effective reservoirs. However, due to the shallow measurement depth, only Limited to the vicinity of the wellbore, for carbonate reservoirs with strong heterogeneity, the permeability at the far end of the wellbore is an important indicator of the effectiveness of fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs.
偶级声波测井信息包括纵波、横波和斯通利波的时差和能量等信息，斯通利波探测范围大，能量衰减受岩性影响小，衰减幅度主要受储层物性的发育程度的影响，能较好地反映储层的渗透性，对有效储层的识别，斯通利波更是一种非常重要的信息。特别是在非均质性强的碳酸盐岩储层中，其对孔、洞和缝的渗透性均有反映，只要有与井壁连通的孔隙、裂缝或溶洞存在，斯通利波衰减就有响应，孔洞缝的连通性越好，斯通利波衰减就越明显。Even-level sonic logging information includes the time difference and energy of P-wave, S-wave and Stoneley wave. Stoneley wave has a large detection range, and the energy attenuation is less affected by lithology, and the attenuation amplitude is mainly affected by the development degree of reservoir physical properties. , which can better reflect the permeability of the reservoir, and the Stoneley wave is a very important information to identify the effective reservoir. Especially in carbonate reservoirs with strong heterogeneity, it reflects the permeability of pores, caves and fractures. As long as there are pores, fractures or caves connected to the wellbore, the Stoneley wave will attenuate. There is a response, the better the connectivity of the hole and the seam, the more obvious the Stoneley wave attenuation.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明引入偶极声波测井技术，利用致密层和储层在斯通利波能量衰减差异明显的特点，寻找有效储层斯通利波能量衰减幅度特征，从而形成斯通利波能量补偿校正的方法。The present invention introduces dipole acoustic logging technology, utilizes the obvious difference in Stoneley wave energy attenuation between tight layers and reservoirs, and finds the characteristics of Stoneley wave energy attenuation amplitude characteristics in effective reservoirs, thereby forming Stoneley wave energy compensation correction Methods.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：The purpose of this invention is to realize through the following technical solutions:
一种斯通利波能量补偿校正的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for compensation and correction of Stoneley wave energy, comprising the following steps:
步骤1，分析影响斯通利波能量值的因素；Step 1, analyze the factors affecting the energy value of Stoneley waves;
步骤2，对不同仪器测量的偶极声波提取的斯通利波能量进行归一化处理；
步骤3，利用已完钻井灰岩段数据建立致密段扩径率--斯通利波能量交会图；确定斯通利波能量校正模型；Step 3, using the data of the completed well-drilled limestone section to establish the diameter expansion rate of the tight section - Stoneley wave energy cross diagram; determine the Stoneley wave energy correction model;
步骤4，根据形成的校正模型对单井进行斯通利波能量校正，并通过斯通利波能量衰减率对储层进行有效性判别。Step 4: Perform Stoneley wave energy correction on a single well according to the formed correction model, and determine the validity of the reservoir by the Stoneley wave energy decay rate.
作为优选方式，选取一个致密膏岩作为标准层，以标准层的斯通利波值对工区所有井斯通利波能量做归一化处理，归一化后的斯通利波值在致密层段位于同一值域区间。As a preferred method, a tight gypsum rock is selected as the standard layer, and the Stoneley wave energy of all wells in the work area is normalized by the Stoneley wave value of the standard layer. The normalized Stoneley wave value is in the tight layer. The segments are in the same range interval.
作为优选方式，利用工区已完钻井灰岩段的扩径率同斯通利波能量衰减量建立斯通利波的井眼影响图版。As a preferred method, the borehole influence chart of Stoneley waves is established by using the diameter expansion rate of the completed limestone section in the work area and the energy attenuation of Stoneley waves.
作为优选方式，斯通利波能量值与扩径率总体上呈指数关系，斯通利波值随扩径率的增大呈指数衰减；As a preferred way, the Stoneley wave energy value and the diameter expansion rate have an exponential relationship on the whole, and the Stoneley wave value decays exponentially with the increase of the diameter expansion rate;
选取扩径率较大的井数据建立工区斯通利波能量井眼校正图版，校正公式为：Select the well data with a larger expansion rate to establish the Stoneley wave energy wellbore correction chart in the work area. The correction formula is:
Y＝297.5e-0.024x R2＝0.8883Y=297.5e-0.024x R2 =0.8883
则斯通利波校正量:ST校正＝297.5(1-e-0.0024*ΔCAL)Then Stoneley wave correction amount: ST correction = 297.5 (1-e-0.0024*ΔCAL )
ΔCAL:扩径率。ΔCAL: Diameter expansion ratio.
作为优选方式，利用校正图版对归一化后的斯通利波能量做全井段井眼补偿校正。As a preferred method, the normalized Stoneley wave energy is used to perform wellbore compensation correction for the whole well interval.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明采用非储层段的斯通利波能量数据建立扩径率与斯通利波能量衰减之间的关系，确立了斯通利波的井眼扩径影响校正模型，将该模型应用在研究区所有井中，还原了斯通利波的原始属性，对储层的有效性判别起到很好的作用。The invention uses the Stoneley wave energy data of the non-reservoir section to establish the relationship between the expansion rate and the Stoneley wave energy attenuation, establishes the Stoneley wave wellbore expansion influence correction model, and applies the model to In all the wells in the study area, the original properties of the Stoneley waves are restored, which plays a very good role in judging the validity of the reservoir.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为PZ113井致密段扩径率--斯通利波能量交会；Figure 1 shows the diameter expansion rate of the tight section of Well PZ113 - the intersection of Stoneley wave energy;
图2为M1井致密段扩径率--斯通利波能量交会；Fig. 2 shows the diameter expansion rate of the tight section of Well M1 - the intersection of Stoneley wave energy;
图3为彭州雷四段致密段扩径率--斯通利波能量交会；Figure 3 shows the diameter expansion rate of the dense section of Lei 4th member in Pengzhou - the intersection of Stoneley wave energy;
图4为YS1井应用效果；Figure 4 shows the application effect of YS1 well;
图5为本发明流程示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
如图5所示，一种斯通利波能量补偿校正的方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 5, a method for compensation and correction of Stoneley wave energy includes the following steps:
步骤1，分析影响斯通利波能量值的因素，影响因素包括岩性、井眼条件和测量仪器类型；Step 1, analyze the factors that affect the energy value of Stoneley waves, including lithology, borehole conditions and types of measuring instruments;
步骤2，对不同仪器测量的偶极声波提取的斯通利波能量进行归一化处理；
步骤3，在确定储层的斯通利波能量衰减主控因素为渗透性和扩径率后，为有效判断储层有效性，需要把扩径引起的斯通利波衰减信号剔除，研究地层纯灰岩为非储层，扩径现象较普遍，利用纯灰岩扩径段斯通利波能量衰减数据与扩径率建立地层扩径率--斯通利波能量交会图；确定斯通利波能量的井眼影响校正模型；Step 3: After confirming that the main controlling factors of the Stoneley wave energy attenuation of the reservoir are permeability and diameter expansion rate, in order to effectively judge the validity of the reservoir, it is necessary to eliminate the Stoneley wave attenuation signal caused by the diameter expansion, and study the formation. Pure limestone is a non-reservoir, and the phenomenon of diameter expansion is common. Using the Stoneley wave energy attenuation data and the diameter expansion rate of the pure limestone expansion section to establish the formation diameter expansion rate-Stoneley wave energy cross map; determine the Stoneley wave energy Wellbore effect correction model of Libo energy;
步骤4，根据形成的校正模型对单井进行斯通利波能量校正，并通过斯通利波能量衰减率对储层进行有效性判别(判别的依据是：当较正后的斯通利波能量衰减较致密层降低50％，认为储层为有效储层)，从而为储层后期的开发工作提供重要依据。Step 4: Perform Stoneley wave energy correction on a single well according to the formed correction model, and judge the validity of the reservoir by the Stoneley wave energy decay rate (the basis for the judgment is: when the corrected Stoneley wave The energy attenuation is 50% lower than that of the tight layer, and the reservoir is considered to be an effective reservoir), thus providing an important basis for the later development of the reservoir.
不同仪器所测偶极声波提取斯通利波能量归一化表如表1所示。Table 1 shows the normalization table of energy extraction of Stoneley wave from dipole acoustic waves measured by different instruments.
表1Table 1
在一个优选实施例中，选取一个致密膏岩作为标准层，以标准层的斯通利波值对工区所有井斯通利波能量做归一化处理，归一化后的斯通利波值在致密层段位于同一值域区间。In a preferred embodiment, a tight gypsum rock is selected as the standard layer, the Stoneley wave energy of all wells in the work area is normalized with the Stoneley wave value of the standard layer, and the normalized Stoneley wave value is The tight layers are located in the same range of values.
在一个优选实施例中，利用工区已完钻井灰岩段的扩径率同斯通利波能量衰减量建立斯通利波的井眼影响图版。In a preferred embodiment, a wellbore influence chart of Stoneley waves is established by using the diameter expansion rate of the completed limestone section in the work area and the energy attenuation of Stoneley waves.
在一个优选实施例中，斯通利波能量值与扩径率总体上呈指数关系，斯通利波值随扩径率的增大呈指数衰减；In a preferred embodiment, the Stoneley wave energy value and the diameter expansion rate are generally exponentially related, and the Stoneley wave value decays exponentially with the increase of the diameter expansion rate;
选取扩径率较大的井数据建立工区斯通利波能量井眼校正图版，校正公式为：Select the well data with a larger expansion rate to establish the Stoneley wave energy wellbore correction chart in the work area. The correction formula is:
Y＝297.5e-0.024x R2＝0.8883Y=297.5e-0.024x R2 =0.8883
则斯通利波校正量:ST校正＝297.5(1-e-0.0024*ΔCAL)Then Stoneley wave correction amount: ST correction = 297.5 (1-e-0.0024*ΔCAL )
ΔCAL:扩径率。ΔCAL: Diameter expansion ratio.
在一个优选实施例中，利用校正图版对归一化后的斯通利波能量做全井段井眼补偿校正。In a preferred embodiment, the normalized Stoneley wave energy is used to perform wellbore compensation correction for the whole well section.
在一个优选实施例中，针对川西雷四气藏应用斯通利波能量井眼补偿校正方法。In a preferred embodiment, the Stoneley wave energy wellbore compensation correction method is applied to the Lei 4 gas reservoir in western Sichuan.
目前评价碳酸盐岩储层渗透性主要利用岩心分析渗透率、常规测井渗透率、斯通利波渗透率、核磁共振渗透率等。其中斯通利波只与井壁处的流体流动有关，是一种直接有效的评价渗透性的方法。通过多极阵列声波测井获得的斯通利波时差变化和能量衰减的异常主要与岩性、地层渗透率有关。当斯通利波通过渗透性地层时，其中心频率会向低频移动，传播时间也会出现延迟。随着渗透性的增大，这种频率偏移和时间延迟也会增加，结合斯通利波波形的衰减分析，进而评价碳酸盐岩储层渗透性的好坏。根据前人的研究成果来看，该方法技术主要应用于井壁稳定的地层，对于川西雷四井壁垮塌严重的地层，方法的有效性有待进一步研究分析。At present, the permeability of carbonate reservoirs is mainly evaluated by core analysis permeability, conventional logging permeability, Stoneley wave permeability, and nuclear magnetic resonance permeability. Among them, the Stoneley wave is only related to the fluid flow at the borehole wall, and it is a direct and effective method for evaluating permeability. The abnormality of Stoneley wave time difference and energy attenuation obtained by multi-pole array acoustic logging is mainly related to lithology and formation permeability. As Stoneley waves pass through permeable formations, their center frequency is shifted toward lower frequencies and their propagation time is delayed. With the increase of permeability, this frequency offset and time delay will also increase. Combined with the attenuation analysis of Stoneley wave waveform, the permeability of carbonate reservoirs can be evaluated. According to previous research results, this method is mainly used in formations with stable wellbore walls. For formations with serious wall collapse of Lei No. 4 in western Sichuan, the effectiveness of the method needs to be further studied and analyzed.
川西雷四段下部井眼环境较好，发育大段石膏和云岩互层的致密层，同一口井，顶部的灰岩和下部石膏岩斯通利波能量值相差不大。分析认为斯通利波能量受岩性影响较小，但不同测井仪器采集到的偶极声波提取的斯通利波能量差异较大(相差几个数量级)。The wellbore environment in the lower part of
因此，首先需要对不同仪器测量的偶极声波提取的斯通利波能量进行归一化处理，选取雷四下部厚度较厚的致密膏岩作为标准层(相同仪器测量的斯通利波能量值差异较小)，以标准层的斯通利波值对工区所有井斯通利波能量做归一化处理，归一化后的斯通利波值在致密层段位于同一值域区间，见表1。Therefore, it is necessary to normalize the Stoneley wave energy extracted by dipole acoustic waves measured by different instruments first, and select the thicker dense gypsum rock in the lower part of Lei Si as the standard layer (the Stoneley wave energy value measured by the same instrument The difference is small), normalize the Stoneley wave energy of all wells in the work area with the Stoneley wave value of the standard layer, and the normalized Stoneley wave value is located in the same value range in the tight interval, see Table 1.
雷四在顶部和上下储层之间发育两套致密灰岩，不同井在致密灰岩段的扩径程度不尽相同，对斯通利波的影响程度也不同，在PZ11井、YS1井、PZ113井、PZ115井、W1井扩径率变化范围较大(0-70％)，指数关系相对明显，图1为PZ115井斯通利波能量衰减与井眼扩径率的关系图，Y1井和M1井扩径率变化较小(0-20％)，指数关系不明显。图2为M1井斯通利波能量衰减与井眼扩径率的关系图。Lei Si develops two sets of tight limestone between the top and the upper and lower reservoirs. Different wells have different expansion degrees in the tight limestone section, and have different degrees of influence on Stoneley waves. In Well PZ11, Well YS1, Well PZ113, Well PZ115 and Well W1 have a wide range of expansion rate (0-70%), and the exponential relationship is relatively obvious. Figure 1 shows the relationship between Stoneley wave energy attenuation and hole expansion rate in Well PZ115. Well Y1 The change in the expansion rate of Well M1 is small (0-20%), and the exponential relationship is not obvious. Figure 2 shows the relationship between the Stoneley wave energy attenuation and the borehole expansion rate in Well M1.
其次，利用工区已完钻井灰岩段的扩径率同斯通利波能量衰减量建立斯通利波的井眼影响图版，如图3所示。由图可见，斯通利波能量值与扩径率总体上呈指数关系，斯通利波值随扩径率的增大呈指数衰减，Secondly, the borehole influence chart of Stoneley waves is established by using the diameter expansion rate of the completed limestone section in the work area and the energy attenuation of Stoneley waves, as shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen from the figure that the Stoneley wave energy value and the expansion rate are generally exponentially related, and the Stoneley wave value decays exponentially with the increase of the expansion rate,
选取扩径率较大的井数据建立工区斯通利波能量井眼校正图版如图3所示，校正公式为：Select the well data with a larger expansion rate to establish the Stoneley wave energy wellbore calibration chart in the work area, as shown in Figure 3. The calibration formula is:
Y＝297.5e-0.024x R2＝0.8883Y=297.5e-0.024x R2 =0.8883
则斯通利波校正量:ST校正＝297.5(1-e-0.0024*ΔCAL)Then Stoneley wave correction amount: ST correction = 297.5 (1-e-0.0024*ΔCAL )
ΔCAL:扩径率ΔCAL: diameter expansion ratio
最后，利用校正图版对归一化后的斯通利波能量做全井段井眼补偿校正。Finally, the normalized Stoneley wave energies are corrected for the whole wellbore section by using the correction chart.
根据致密层和有效储层在斯通利波能量上的差异，引入斯通利波衰减幅度信息，利用衰减幅度识别储层的有效性，建立基于斯通利波能量衰减的储层识别标准。该方法首先通过分析不同仪器测量的斯通利波能量差异，对川西雷四斯通利波能量做归一化处理；其次，分析扩径对斯通利波能量幅度衰减的影响；建立斯通利波能量补偿图版，最后根据校正图版对川西雷四段斯通利波能量进行补偿校正，重新对储层有效性进行判别，符合率较高。According to the difference in Stoneley wave energy between the tight layer and the effective reservoir, the Stoneley wave attenuation amplitude information is introduced, and the validity of the reservoir is identified by the attenuation amplitude, and the reservoir identification standard based on the Stoneley wave energy attenuation is established. The method firstly normalizes the Stoneley wave energy of the four Stoneley waves in western Sichuan by analyzing the difference of Stoneley wave energy measured by different instruments; secondly, analyzes the influence of diameter expansion on the attenuation of Stoneley wave energy amplitude; Finally, according to the correction chart, the Stoneley wave energy of the fourth member of Lei, Western Sichuan is compensated and corrected, and the validity of the reservoir is judged again, and the coincidence rate is high.
本方法首先通过分析不同仪器测量的斯通利波能量差异，对川西雷四斯通利波能量做归一化处理；其次，分析扩径对斯通利波能量幅度衰减的影响；建立斯通利波能量补偿图版，最后开展方法的适用性分析，验证方法的可靠性。图4第九道为YS1井斯通利波能量图，由图可见而校正前由于受井眼影响，斯通利波能量在5744-5754米，5790-5810米衰减明显，容易误判为储层。第十道为校正后斯通利波能量图，在5744-5754米，5790-5810米呈高值特征，判断地层渗透性差，为无效储层，岩性分析该段为致密灰岩，为非储层，校正后的斯通利波能量数据更能反应地层真实信息。因此，本发明在恶劣井眼条件下，也能更真实反应地层信息。This method first normalizes the Stoneley wave energies in Western Sichuan by analyzing the differences in the Stoneley wave energy measured by different instruments; secondly, analyzes the influence of the expansion on the attenuation of the Stoneley wave energy amplitude; establishes the Stoneley wave energy Finally, the applicability analysis of the method is carried out to verify the reliability of the method. The ninth track in Fig. 4 is the Stoneley wave energy diagram of Well YS1. It can be seen from the figure that due to the influence of the wellbore before the correction, the Stoneley wave energy is significantly attenuated at 5744-5754 meters and 5790-5810 meters. Floor. The tenth track is the corrected Stoneley wave energy map, which shows high values at 5744-5754 meters and 5790-5810 meters. It is judged that the formation permeability is poor and it is an invalid reservoir. Lithology analysis of this section is tight limestone, which is non-permeable. Reservoir, the corrected Stoneley wave energy data can better reflect the real information of the formation. Therefore, the present invention can more truly reflect formation information even under severe wellbore conditions.
本发明专利的关键点是在恶劣井眼条件下，采用非储层段的斯通利波能量数据建立扩径率与斯通利波能量衰减之间的关系，确立了斯通利波的井眼扩径影响校正模型，将该模型应用在研究区所有井中，还原了斯通利波的原始属性，对储层的有效性判别起到很好的作用。The key point of the patent of the present invention is to use the Stoneley wave energy data of the non-reservoir section to establish the relationship between the diameter expansion rate and the Stoneley wave energy attenuation under severe wellbore conditions, and to establish the Stoneley wave well. The correction model of the effect of eye expansion is applied to all wells in the study area, which restores the original properties of Stoneley waves and plays a good role in the validity judgment of reservoirs.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，应当指出的是，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall include within the protection scope of the present invention.
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