技术领域technical field
本申请涉及油气勘探技术领域，尤其涉及一种核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法及装置。The present application relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, in particular to a noise reduction processing method and device for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data.
背景技术Background technique
在油气勘探中需要采用核磁共振测井仪器对油井或地层进行测量，采集原始回波数据，并对原始回波数据进行反演，以获得地层孔隙度、渗透率、饱和度、流体类型、孔径分布、地层润湿性以及原油粘度等储层参数。由于核磁共振信号能级特别低，受到测量仪器的测量精度以及井筒内部环境的影响，导致得到的核磁共振回波数据信噪比很低，进而导致反演结果的可靠性降低，因此，核磁共振回波数据的降噪处理对提高核磁共振测井在地层评价中的应用准确性具有重要意义。In oil and gas exploration, it is necessary to use nuclear magnetic resonance logging tools to measure oil wells or formations, collect original echo data, and invert the original echo data to obtain formation porosity, permeability, saturation, fluid type, and pore size. Reservoir parameters such as distribution, formation wettability, and crude oil viscosity. Due to the extremely low energy level of the NMR signal, affected by the measurement accuracy of the measuring instrument and the internal environment of the wellbore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained NMR echo data is very low, which further reduces the reliability of the inversion results. Therefore, the NMR Noise reduction processing of echo data is of great significance to improve the application accuracy of NMR logging in formation evaluation.
核磁共振井的原始回波数据包括一串幅度随时间衰减的回波，通过有效的滤波提高回波数据的信噪比是得到可靠反演结果的关键。小波变换由于其良好的时频特性和多分辨率特性，被广泛的应用在核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理中，其实质为通过一定规则选取小波基及确定分解尺度，并结合阈值函数对小波系数进行处理，去除噪声信号。The original echo data of the NMR well includes a series of echoes whose amplitude decays with time. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the echo data through effective filtering is the key to obtaining reliable inversion results. Due to its good time-frequency characteristics and multi-resolution characteristics, wavelet transform is widely used in the noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data. Its essence is to select the wavelet base and determine the decomposition scale through certain rules, and combine the threshold The function processes wavelet coefficients to remove noise signals.
利用小波变换对回波数据进行降噪时，降噪效果依赖于小波基的选取以及分解尺度的确定，现有技术中，小波基及分解尺度并没有统一选取的标准，实际应用中需要通过多次试验确定小波基和分解尺度，增加了回波数据降噪的处理流程和处理时间，导致回波数据的降噪处理效率较低。When wavelet transform is used to denoise echo data, the denoising effect depends on the selection of wavelet base and the determination of decomposition scale. In the prior art, there is no uniform selection standard for wavelet base and decomposition scale. The determination of the wavelet base and decomposition scale in this experiment increases the processing flow and processing time of echo data noise reduction, resulting in low efficiency of echo data noise reduction processing.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请提供一种核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法及装置，用以解决现有技术中核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理效率低的技术问题。The present application provides a method and device for noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data, which are used to solve the technical problem of low efficiency of noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data in the prior art.
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理的方法，包括：In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data, including:
获取待降噪的第一回波数据；Obtain the first echo data to be denoised;
采用不同的时间窗口提取所述第一回波数据在不同时间段上的子回波数据，其中，提取到的所有子回波数据之和包括所述第一回波数据的全部数据；Using different time windows to extract sub-echo data of the first echo data in different time periods, wherein the sum of all sub-echo data extracted includes all data of the first echo data;
分别对各子回波数据进行离散余弦变换处理，并对所述离散余弦变换处理后得到的离散余弦变换系数进行阈值化处理和离散余弦逆变换处理，得到各子回波数据对应的降噪数据；performing discrete cosine transform processing on each sub-echo data respectively, and performing thresholding processing and inverse discrete cosine transform processing on the discrete cosine transform coefficients obtained after the discrete cosine transform processing, to obtain noise reduction data corresponding to each sub-echo data ;
对所述各子回波数据对应的降噪数据进行拼接处理，得到所述第一回波数据对应的降噪数据。Splicing processing is performed on the noise reduction data corresponding to the sub-echo data to obtain the noise reduction data corresponding to the first echo data.
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理的装置，包括：In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data, including:
获取模块，用于获取待降噪的第一回波数据；an acquisition module, configured to acquire the first echo data to be denoised;
分窗模块，用于采用不同的时间窗口提取所述第一回波数据在不同时间段上的子回波数据，其中，提取到的所有子回波数据之和包括所述第一回波数据的全部数据；A windowing module, configured to use different time windows to extract sub-echo data of the first echo data in different time periods, wherein the sum of all extracted sub-echo data includes the first echo data all data of
降噪模块，用于分别对各子回波数据进行离散余弦变换处理，并对所述离散余弦变换处理后得到的离散余弦变换系数进行阈值化处理和离散余弦逆变换处理，得到各子回波数据对应的降噪数据；A noise reduction module, configured to perform discrete cosine transform processing on each sub-echo data respectively, and perform thresholding processing and inverse discrete cosine transform processing on the discrete cosine transform coefficients obtained after the discrete cosine transform processing, to obtain each sub-echo The noise reduction data corresponding to the data;
拼接模块，用于对所述各子回波数据对应的降噪数据进行拼接处理，得到所述第一回波数据对应的降噪数据。The splicing module is configured to splice the noise reduction data corresponding to the sub-echo data to obtain the noise reduction data corresponding to the first echo data.
第三方面，本发明实施例提供了一种核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理的设备，包括存储器、处理器；In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data, including a memory and a processor;
存储器：用于存储所述处理器可执行指令；memory: for storing the processor-executable instructions;
其中，所述处理器被配置为：执行所述可执行指令以实现第一方面任一项所述的方法。Wherein, the processor is configured to: execute the executable instructions to implement the method described in any one of the first aspect.
第四方面，本发明实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令，所述计算机执行指令被处理器执行时用于实现上述第一方面任一项所述的方法。In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where computer-executable instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-executable instructions are used to implement any of the above-mentioned first aspects when executed by a processor. one of the methods described.
本发明实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理的方法及装置，通过离散余弦变换代替小波变换进行核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理，由于离散余弦变换的基已经确定，且离散余弦变换不存在确定分解尺度问题，故简化了小波变换进行回波数据降噪处理的处理流程，提高回波数据降噪处理的效率；同时，通过设置多个时间窗口，将回波数据划分为多个时间窗口的回波数据，然后分别对每个时间窗口的回波数据进行降噪处理，将降噪完成的多个时间窗口的降噪回波进行组合，获取降噪后的回波数据，提高了回波数据的降噪效果。The method and device for noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by the embodiments of the present invention use discrete cosine transform instead of wavelet transform to perform noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data, because the basis of discrete cosine transform has been determined , and the discrete cosine transform does not have the problem of determining the decomposition scale, so the processing flow of wavelet transform for echo data denoising processing is simplified, and the efficiency of echo data denoising processing is improved; at the same time, by setting multiple time windows, the echo The data is divided into echo data of multiple time windows, and then the echo data of each time window is denoised, and the denoised echoes of multiple time windows after denoising are combined to obtain the denoised Echo data, which improves the noise reduction effect of echo data.
附图说明Description of drawings
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本公开的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
图1为本发明一实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法的流程示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a noise reduction processing method for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明一实施例提供的核磁共振测井第一回波数据的示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first echo data of nuclear magnetic resonance logging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明一实施例提供的一种核磁共振测井数据的时间窗口示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a time window of nuclear magnetic resonance logging data provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明一实施例提供的另一种核磁共振测井数据的时间窗口划分示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of time window division of another nuclear magnetic resonance logging data provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明一实施例提供的又一种核磁共振测井数据的时间窗口划分示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another time window division of nuclear magnetic resonance logging data provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明一实施例提供的再一种核磁共振测井数据的时间窗口划分示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another time window division of nuclear magnetic resonance logging data provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明另一实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法的流程示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a noise reduction processing method for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by another embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明再一实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法的流程示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a noise reduction processing method for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by another embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明一实施例提供的无噪声的第一回波数据以及模拟的T2分布示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of noise-free first echo data and simulated T2 distribution provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图10为基于图9实施例提供的第一回波数据及对其直接反演得到的T2分布；Fig. 10 is based on the first echo data provided by the embodiment of Fig.9 and the T2 distribution obtained by its direct inversion;
图11为图10所示第一回波数据一种降噪数据示意图及其反演结果；Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a noise reduction data of the first echo data shown in Fig. 10 and its inversion result;
图12为图10所示第一回波数据另一种降噪数据示意图及其反演结果；Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of another noise reduction data of the first echo data shown in Fig. 10 and its inversion result;
图13为图10所示第一回波数据又一种降噪数据示意图及其反演结果；Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of another noise reduction data of the first echo data shown in Fig. 10 and its inversion result;
图14为本发明另一实施例提供的无噪声的第一回波数据以及模拟的T2分布示意图；Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of noise-free first echo data and simulated T2 distribution provided by another embodiment of the present invention;
图15为基于图14实施例提供的第一回波数据及对其直接反演得到的T2分布；Fig. 15 is based on the first echo data provided by the embodiment of Fig.14 and the T2 distribution obtained by its direct inversion;
图16为图15所示第一回波数据一种降噪数据示意图及其反演结果；Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a noise reduction data of the first echo data shown in Fig. 15 and its inversion result;
图17为图15所示第一回波数据另一种降噪数据示意图及其反演结果；Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of another noise reduction data of the first echo data shown in Fig. 15 and its inversion result;
图18为图15所示第一回波数据又一种降噪数据示意图及其反演结果；Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of another noise reduction data of the first echo data shown in Fig. 15 and its inversion result;
图19为本发明一实施例第一回波数据采用一种时间窗口类型进行500次降噪数值模拟的孔隙度频率分布直方图；Fig. 19 is a histogram of porosity frequency distribution for 500 noise reduction numerical simulations performed on the first echo data using a time window type according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图20为图19中的第一回波数据进行500次数值模拟的均方根误差分布直方图；Fig. 20 is a histogram of root mean square error distribution of 500 numerical simulations performed on the first echo data in Fig. 19;
图21为本发明另一实施例回波数据采用一种时间窗口类型进行500次降噪数值模拟的孔隙度频率分布直方图；Fig. 21 is a histogram of porosity frequency distribution for 500 noise reduction numerical simulations of echo data using a time window type according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图22为图20中的第一回波数据进行500次数值模拟的均方根误差分布直方图；Fig. 22 is a histogram of root mean square error distribution of 500 numerical simulations performed on the first echo data in Fig. 20;
图23为本发明一实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理装置的功能框图；Fig. 23 is a functional block diagram of a noise reduction processing device for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图24为本发明一实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理设备的硬件结构示意图。Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a noise reduction processing device for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
通过上述附图，已示出本公开明确的实施例，后文中将有更详细的描述。这些附图和文字描述并不是为了通过任何方式限制本公开构思的范围，而是通过参考特定实施例为本领域技术人员说明本公开的概念。By means of the above-mentioned drawings, certain embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and will be described in more detail hereinafter. These drawings and written description are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed concept in any way, but to illustrate the disclosed concept for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本公开相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本公开的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numerals in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with aspects of the present disclosure as recited in the appended claims.
此外，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。Furthermore, descriptions with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific examples," or "some examples" mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or A feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
在油气勘探中需要采用核磁共振装置对油井或地层进行测量，获取核磁共振井的原始回波数据，由该原始回波数据反演得到的T2分布可以获得地层孔隙度、渗透率、饱和度、流体类型、孔径分布、地层润湿性以及原油粘度等储层参数。In oil and gas exploration, it is necessary to use nuclear magnetic resonance devices to measure oil wells or formations to obtain the original echo data of nuclear magnetic resonance wells. The T2 distribution obtained from the inversion of the original echo data can obtain formation porosity, permeability, saturation, Reservoir parameters such as fluid type, pore size distribution, formation wettability, and crude oil viscosity.
由于核磁共振信号能级特别低，受到测量仪器的测量精度以及井筒内部环境的影响，导致得到的原始回波数据信噪比很低，进而导致反演结果的可靠性降低；通过有效的滤波提高回波数据的信噪比是得到可靠反演结果的关键。Due to the extremely low energy level of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal, affected by the measurement accuracy of the measuring instrument and the internal environment of the wellbore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the original echo data obtained is very low, which in turn reduces the reliability of the inversion results; The signal-to-noise ratio of echo data is the key to obtaining reliable inversion results.
现有技术通常采用小波变换进行原始回波数据的降噪处理，其实质为通过一定规则选取小波基及确定分解尺度，并结合阈值函数对小波系数进行处理，去除噪声信号。利用小波变换对回波数据进行降噪时，降噪效果依赖于小波基的选取以及分解尺度的确定，由于小波基及分解尺度并没有统一选取的标准，实际应用中需要通过多次试验确定小波基和分解尺度，增加了回波数据降噪的处理流程和处理时间，导致回波数据的降噪处理效率较低。基于上述问题，本申请提供了一种核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法和装置，旨在解决现有技术中核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理效率低的技术问题。The existing technology usually uses wavelet transform to denoise the original echo data. The essence is to select the wavelet base and determine the decomposition scale through certain rules, and process the wavelet coefficients in combination with the threshold function to remove the noise signal. When wavelet transform is used to denoise echo data, the noise reduction effect depends on the selection of wavelet base and the determination of decomposition scale. Since there is no uniform selection standard for wavelet base and decomposition scale, it is necessary to determine the wavelet size through multiple experiments in practical applications. The base and decomposition scales increase the processing flow and processing time of echo data noise reduction, resulting in low efficiency of echo data noise reduction processing. Based on the above problems, the present application provides a noise reduction processing method and device for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data, aiming at solving the technical problem of low efficiency of noise reduction processing for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data in the prior art.
下面以具体地实施例对本申请的技术方案以及本申请的技术方案如何解决上述技术问题进行详细说明。下面这几个具体的实施例可以相互结合，对于相同或相似的概念或过程可能在某些实施例中不再赘述。下面将结合附图，对本申请的实施例进行描述。The technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above technical problems will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. Embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1为本发明一实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法的流程示意图。如图1所示，该方法包括：Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a noise reduction processing method for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes:
S101、获取待降噪的第一回波数据。S101. Acquire first echo data to be denoised.
可选地，待降噪的第一回波数据是指含有噪声的回波数据，具体地，第一回波数据为核磁共振测井的原始回波数据，如图2所示，核磁共振测井的原始回波数据包括一串幅度随时间衰减的回波，其中，原始回波数据中包括的各回波的信号幅值构成指数衰减的曲线。Optionally, the first echo data to be denoised refers to echo data containing noise, specifically, the first echo data is the original echo data of nuclear magnetic resonance logging, as shown in Figure 2, the nuclear magnetic resonance logging The original echo data of the well includes a series of echoes whose amplitude decays with time, wherein the signal amplitudes of the echoes included in the original echo data form an exponential decay curve.
第一回波数据的信号幅度是孔隙流体弛豫特征的叠加，也就是回波串。核磁共振测井回波数据的反演过程，即求取出横向弛豫时间T2所对应的幅度，进而提取储层中的孔隙大小分布、有效孔隙度、渗透率和流体饱和度等储层参数。由于核磁共振测井信号能级低，受到测量仪器的测量精度以及井筒内部环境的影响，导致得到的核磁共振回波数据信噪比低，反演得到的T2分布不准确，故需要提高回波数据信噪比来保证反演结果的准确性。The signal amplitude of the first echo data is the superposition of the relaxation characteristics of the pore fluid, that is, the echo train.The inversion process of NMR logging echo data is to obtain the amplitude corresponding to the transverse relaxation time T2, and then extract the reservoir parameters such as pore size distribution, effective porosity, permeability and fluid saturation in the reservoir . Due to the low energy level of the NMR logging signal, affected by the measurement accuracy of the measuring instrument and the internal environment of the wellbore, the signal-to- noise ratio of the obtained NMR echo data is low, and the T2 distribution obtained by the inversion is inaccurate. The signal-to-noise ratio of the wave data is used to ensure the accuracy of the inversion results.
实际应用，可以通过核磁共振探头获得待降噪的第一回波数据，具体地，在进行核磁共振测井之前，地层流体中的质子是随机取向排列的。当仪器经过地层时，仪器的磁场使这些质子磁化。首先，仪器的永久磁场使质子的旋转轴朝向一致。然后，仪器又发射交变磁场使这些被极化的质子从新的平衡位置翻转。当撤销交变磁场后，质子就开始进动回到静磁场使之极化的位置，这一过程叫弛豫。使用特定的脉冲序列就能够产生一系列的自旋回波，核磁共振测井仪器测量这些回波并以自旋回波串的方式显示在测井记录上，这些自旋回波串构成了核磁共振的原始数据，即第一回波数据。应理解的是，回波串的幅度和衰减信息一方面与仪器设置的采集参数有关，另一方面对应孔隙区域内的流体特性，通过调节仪器的采集参数，并组合各模式，就可以测量地层的不同信息。In practical application, the first echo data to be denoised can be obtained through the nuclear magnetic resonance probe. Specifically, before the nuclear magnetic resonance logging is performed, the protons in the formation fluid are randomly oriented. The tool's magnetic field magnetizes these protons as it passes through the formation. First, the instrument's permanent magnetic field orients the proton's axis of rotation. The instrument then fires an alternating magnetic field to flip the polarized protons from their new equilibrium position. When the alternating magnetic field is withdrawn, the protons begin to precess and return to the position polarized by the static magnetic field. This process is called relaxation. A series of spin echoes can be generated by using a specific pulse sequence. The NMR logging tool measures these echoes and displays them on the logging record in the form of spin echo trains. These spin echo trains constitute the original NMR data, that is, the first echo data. It should be understood that the amplitude and attenuation information of the echo train is related to the acquisition parameters set by the instrument on the one hand, and corresponds to the fluid characteristics in the pore area on the other hand. By adjusting the acquisition parameters of the instrument and combining various modes, the formation can be measured different information.
S102、采用不同的时间窗口提取所述第一回波数据在不同时间段上的子回波数据，其中，提取到的所有子回波数据之和包括所述第一回波数据的全部数据。S102. Using different time windows to extract sub-echo data of the first echo data in different time periods, wherein the sum of all extracted sub-echo data includes all data of the first echo data.
实际应用中，第一回波数据包括一串幅度随时间衰减的回波，调整时间窗口的起始时间以及时间长度，可获得不同的子回波数据，各子回波数据中包括的回波个数不同，各回波的幅值不同，针对不同子回波数据选取不同时间域下合理的阈值，可以有效的将噪声和信号区分开。In practical applications, the first echo data includes a series of echoes whose amplitude decays with time. By adjusting the start time and time length of the time window, different sub-echo data can be obtained. The echoes included in each sub-echo data The number of sub-echoes is different, and the amplitude of each echo is different. Selecting a reasonable threshold in different time domains for different sub-echo data can effectively distinguish noise from signal.
在一种实施方式中，提取所述第一回波数据在不同时间段上的子回波数据所采用的时间窗口长度相等。In an implementation manner, the time window lengths used to extract the sub-echo data of the first echo data in different time periods are equal.
可选地，多个时间窗口的时间线不重叠，具体地，时间窗口的划分如图3所示，后一个时间窗口的起始时间为前一个时间窗口的结束时间。按照时间窗口的起始时间对时间窗口进行编号，各时间窗口的编号为wi，i＝1,2…n，n为时间窗口的个数。Optionally, the time lines of multiple time windows do not overlap. Specifically, the time windows are divided as shown in FIG. 3 , and the start time of the latter time window is the end time of the previous time window. The time windows are numbered according to the start time of the time windows, the number of each time window is wi , i=1, 2...n, and n is the number of time windows.
可选地，多个时间窗口的时间线重叠，具体地，时间窗口的划分如图4所示，在后一个时间窗口的起始时间为前一个时间窗口的中间位置所对应的时间点。时间窗口的编号同上，再次不再赘述。在本实施方式中，各时间窗口中的回波存在重叠，即会进行重复降噪处理，对同一个回波的不同降噪处理结果进行平均，可以有效的解决各子回波数据降噪数据进行数据拼接时的数据错位问题。Optionally, the time lines of multiple time windows overlap. Specifically, the time windows are divided as shown in FIG. 4 , and the start time of the latter time window is the time point corresponding to the middle position of the previous time window. The numbers of the time windows are the same as above, and will not be described again. In this embodiment, the echoes in each time window overlap, that is, the noise reduction processing will be repeated, and the different noise reduction processing results of the same echo can be averaged, which can effectively solve the noise reduction data of each sub-echo data. The problem of data misalignment during data splicing.
实际应用中可以通过选取合理的时间窗口的长度，在保障效率的同时，提高降噪处理效率。In practical applications, by selecting a reasonable length of the time window, the noise reduction processing efficiency can be improved while ensuring the efficiency.
在另一种实施方式中，提取所述第一回波数据在不同时间段上的子回波数据所采用的时间窗口长度不同。进一步地，由于第一回波数据中前几个回波在反演过程中起着非常重要的作用，故获得前几个回波的准确降噪数据有助于得到准确的反演结果。具体的，通过时间窗口划分获得多个均包括前几个回波的子回波数据。如图5所示，多个时间窗口的起始时间均为所述第一回波数据的起始时间，多个时间窗口的长度不同，按照时间窗口的时间长度对时间窗口进行编号，则各时间窗口分别编号为wi，i＝1,2…n，n为时间窗口的个数。应理解的是编号为wn的时间窗口的时间长度与第一回波数据的时间长度相同，包括了第一回波数据的全部回波数据。通过多个时间窗口的起始时间均为第一回波的起始时间的设置使得各子回波数据中均包括前几个回波。In another implementation manner, the time window lengths used to extract the sub-echo data in different time periods of the first echo data are different. Further, since the first few echoes in the first echo data play a very important role in the inversion process, obtaining accurate noise-reduced data of the first few echoes is helpful to obtain accurate inversion results. Specifically, multiple sub-echo data including the first few echoes are obtained by dividing the time window. As shown in Figure 5, the starting time of multiple time windows is the starting time of the first echo data, and the lengths of multiple time windows are different, and the time windows are numbered according to the time length of the time windows, then each The time windows are respectively numbered as wi , i=1, 2...n, and n is the number of time windows. It should be understood that the time length of the time window numbered wn is the same as the time length of the first echo data, including all the echo data of the first echo data. The setting that the start time of multiple time windows is the start time of the first echo makes each sub-echo data include the first few echoes.
进一步地，相邻两个时间窗口的长度呈指数增长，由指数特性决定了，w1,w2,w3等仅包括前几个回波的时间窗口的时间长度差别很小，随时间长度的增大，相邻的时间窗口之间的时间长度差值越大；一方面基于w1,w2,w3等时间长度较短的时间窗口提取的子回波数据，由于时间窗口的时间长度差别较小，故降噪结果差别较小，提高了前几个回波的降噪处理结果；另一方面，wn-1,wn等时间窗口的时间长度较大，能快速的删除子回波数据中的噪声数据，提高了降噪处理效率。Furthermore, the length of two adjacent time windows grows exponentially, which is determined by the exponential characteristics. The time lengths of the time windows including only the first few echoes such as w1 , w2 , and w3 have very little difference. The increase of , the greater the time length difference between adjacent time windows; on the one hand, the sub-echo data extracted based on w1 , w2 , w3 etc. The difference in length is small, so the difference in noise reduction results is small, which improves the noise reduction processing results of thefirst fewechoes ; The noise data in the sub-echo data improves the efficiency of noise reduction processing.
应理解的是，仅采用一个时间窗口进行第一回波数据的截取，可以理解为一种极限情况。只有一个时间窗口的第一回波数据的提取方案如图6所示。It should be understood that only one time window is used to intercept the first echo data, which can be understood as a limit case. The extraction scheme of the first echo data with only one time window is shown in Figure 6.
S103、分别对各子回波数据进行离散余弦变换处理，并对所述离散余弦变换处理后得到的离散余弦变换系数进行阈值化处理和离散余弦逆变换处理，得到各子回波数据对应的降噪数据。S103. Perform discrete cosine transform processing on each sub-echo data respectively, and perform thresholding processing and inverse discrete cosine transform processing on the discrete cosine transform coefficients obtained after the discrete cosine transform processing, to obtain the descending corresponding to each sub-echo data noisy data.
子回波数据中的信号都是实信号，由于傅立叶变换的共轭对称性导致信号在频域内有一半的数据冗余。离散余弦变换(Discrete Cosine Transform，DCT)是对实信号定义的一种变换，变换后的频域中得到的也是一个实信号，相比傅立叶变换而言，离散余弦变换可以减少一半以上的计算，同时由于离散余弦变换的能量集中特性，大多数的自然信号(声音、图像)都集中在离散余弦变换后的低频部分。而噪声信号则集中在高频部分。The signals in the sub-echo data are all real signals, and due to the conjugate symmetry of the Fourier transform, the signal has half of the data redundancy in the frequency domain. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is a transformation defined for real signals. The transformed frequency domain is also a real signal. Compared with Fourier Transform, DCT can reduce the calculation by more than half. At the same time, due to the energy concentration characteristic of discrete cosine transform, most natural signals (sound, image) are concentrated in the low frequency part after discrete cosine transform. The noise signal is concentrated in the high frequency part.
阈值化处理，具体是根据设置的阈值，删除离散余弦变化系数中大于该阈值的高频数据，保留低于该阈值的低频数据。可选地，各子回波数据用于提取低频数据的阈值与各子回波数据对应的时间窗口的长度一一对应。Thresholding processing, specifically, according to the set threshold, deletes high-frequency data greater than the threshold in the discrete cosine variation coefficient, and retains low-frequency data lower than the threshold. Optionally, each sub-echo data is in a one-to-one correspondence with the length of the time window corresponding to each sub-echo data.
在一种实施方式中，针对每个子回波数据，将该子回波数据的离散余弦变换系数的阈值设置为该子回波数据对应的时间窗口的长度的平方根，判断该子回波数据中各回波对应的离散余弦变换系数是否大于所述阈值，将大于所述阈值的离散余弦变换系数设置为零，得到该子回波数据中各回波的第一降噪数据，将各回波的第一降噪数据进行拼接，得到该子回波数据对应的降噪数据。In one embodiment, for each sub-echo data, the threshold value of the discrete cosine transform coefficient of the sub-echo data is set as the square root of the length of the time window corresponding to the sub-echo data, and it is judged that in the sub-echo data Whether the discrete cosine transform coefficient corresponding to each echo is greater than the threshold value, set the discrete cosine transform coefficient greater than the threshold value to zero, obtain the first noise reduction data of each echo in the sub-echo data, and set the first noise reduction data of each echo to The noise reduction data is spliced to obtain the noise reduction data corresponding to the sub-echo data.
S104、对所述各子回波数据对应的降噪数据进行拼接处理，得到所述第一回波数据对应的降噪数据。S104. Perform splicing processing on the noise reduction data corresponding to the sub-echo data to obtain the noise reduction data corresponding to the first echo data.
对所述各子回波数据对应的降噪数据进行拼接处理，具体在每一个子回波数据中，对该子回波数据的各回波的降噪数据进行拼接，以及在第一回波数据的时间线上，对各子回波数据的降噪数据进行拼接。Perform splicing processing on the noise reduction data corresponding to each sub-echo data, specifically in each sub-echo data, splicing the noise reduction data of each echo of the sub-echo data, and performing splicing on the first echo data On the timeline of , the noise-reduced data of each sub-echo data are spliced.
为了清楚的说明本实施例，下面通过图3所示的时间窗口方案进行说明。其中，图3的时间窗口为等间隔划分的win_min个时间窗口，多个时间窗口的时间线不重叠，后一个时间窗口的起始时间为前一个时间窗口的结束时间，首先，采用如图3所示的时间窗口提取所述第一回波数据在不同时间段上的子回波数据，则各子回波数据bi(t)的表示为：In order to clearly describe this embodiment, the time window scheme shown in FIG. 3 is used for description below. Among them, the time window in Figure 3 is win_min time windows divided at equal intervals, the time lines of multiple time windows do not overlap, and the start time of the latter time window is the end time of the previous time window. First, adopt the method shown in Figure 3 The shown time window extracts the sub-echo data of the first echo data in different time periods, then the expression of each sub-echo data bi (t) is:
bi(tj)＝b(i×L-L+j) (1)bi (tj )=b(i×L-L+j) (1)
其中，式(1)中L为子回波数据对应的时间窗口的时间长度；Wherein, L in the formula (1) is the time length of the time window corresponding to the sub-echo data;
再者，对各子回波数据进行离散余弦变换，得到各子回波数据的离散余弦变换系数Furthermore, the discrete cosine transform is performed on each sub-echo data to obtain the discrete cosine transform coefficients of each sub-echo data
Bi(u)＝Dbi(t) (2)Bi (u) = Dbi (t) (2)
其中，D为一维离散余弦变换的内核，D表示为：Among them, D is the kernel of one-dimensional discrete cosine transform, and D is expressed as:
式(3)中，N为每个子回波数据中的回波个数。In formula (3), N is the number of echoes in each sub-echo data.
然后，针对每个子回波数据的离散余弦变换系数进行阈值化处理得的B2i(u)Then, B2i (u) obtained by thresholding the discrete cosine transform coefficients of each sub-echo data
具体地，B2i(u)表示为：Specifically, B2i (u) is expressed as:
式(4)中，u为各子回波数据的阈值，不同子回波数据的额阈值可以不同，可选地，各子回波数据用于提取低频数据的阈值与各子回波数据对应的时间窗口的长度一一对应，具体地，子回波数据的离散余弦变换系数的阈值设置为该子回波数据对应的时间窗口的长度的平方根。In formula (4), u is the threshold value of each sub-echo data, and the threshold value of different sub-echo data can be different. Optionally, the threshold value of each sub-echo data for extracting low-frequency data corresponds to each sub-echo data The lengths of the time windows are in one-to-one correspondence. Specifically, the threshold value of the discrete cosine transform coefficient of the sub-echo data is set as the square root of the length of the time window corresponding to the sub-echo data.
再者，对阈值化后的频率系数进行离散余弦逆变换，得到对应窗口内的降噪结果b2i(t)。Furthermore, an inverse discrete cosine transform is performed on the thresholded frequency coefficients to obtain a noise reduction result b2i (t) in the corresponding window.
最后，将各子回波数据对应的降噪数据进行拼接处理，得到第一回波数据的降噪结果b2(t)，具体表示为：Finally, the denoising data corresponding to each sub-echo data is spliced to obtain the denoising result b2(t) of the first echo data, specifically expressed as:
b2(i×L-L+j)＝b2i(ti) (5)b2(i×L-L+j)=b2i (ti ) (5)
其中，i∈(1，2…win_mum)，j∈(0，1…L-1)。Among them, i∈(1,2...win_mum), j∈(0,1...L-1).
当时间窗口的划分发生变化时，各子回波数据对应的数据拼接方式随之变化，以图4所示的时间窗口方案为例。When the division of the time window changes, the data splicing mode corresponding to each sub-echo data changes accordingly. Take the time window scheme shown in FIG. 4 as an example.
其各子回波数据对应的降噪数据的拼接处理，具体体现为：The splicing processing of the noise reduction data corresponding to each sub-echo data is embodied as follows:
其中，b3(tk)为基于图4的时间窗口获得的降噪结果。Wherein, b3(tk ) is the noise reduction result obtained based on the time window in FIG. 4 .
应理解的是，当多个时间窗口的时间线重叠时，重叠时间对应的回波进行了多次降噪处理，可选地，可以对该回波的多次降噪处理结果求平均作为该回波的最终降噪处理结果。It should be understood that when the timelines of multiple time windows overlap, the echo corresponding to the overlapping time has undergone multiple noise reduction processes, and optionally, the multiple noise reduction processing results of the echo can be averaged as the The final denoising result of the echo.
本发明实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理的方法，通过离散余弦变换代替小波变换进行核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理，由于离散余弦变换的基已经确定，且离散余弦变换不存在确定分解尺度问题，故简化了小波变换进行回波数据降噪处理的处理流程，提高回波数据降噪处理的效率；同时，通过设置多个时间窗口，将回波数据划分为多个时间窗口的回波数据，然后分别对每个时间窗口的回波数据进行降噪处理，将降噪完成的多个时间窗口的降噪回波进行组合，获取降噪后的回波数据；极大地提高了回波数据的降噪效果。The method for noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses discrete cosine transform instead of wavelet transform to perform noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data, since the basis of discrete cosine transform has been determined, and Discrete cosine transform does not have the problem of determining the decomposition scale, so the processing flow of wavelet transform for echo data denoising processing is simplified, and the efficiency of echo data denoising processing is improved; at the same time, by setting multiple time windows, the echo data is divided into It is the echo data of multiple time windows, and then performs noise reduction processing on the echo data of each time window separately, and combines the noise reduction echoes of multiple time windows after the noise reduction is completed, and obtains the echo after noise reduction data; greatly improved the noise reduction effect of echo data.
为了提高降噪效果，实际应用中，经常会采用具有重叠时间的时间窗口划分方案，如图5所示的时间窗口方案，多个时间窗口的起始时间均为所述第一回波数据的起始时间，相邻两个时间窗口的长度呈指数增长，基于此时间窗口方案，通过图7所示的实施例，对各子回波数据对应的降噪数据的拼接处理进行详细说明。In order to improve the noise reduction effect, in practical applications, a time window division scheme with overlapping time is often adopted, such as the time window scheme shown in Figure 5, the starting time of multiple time windows is the time of the first echo data At the start time, the length of two adjacent time windows grows exponentially. Based on this time window scheme, the splicing process of the noise reduction data corresponding to each sub-echo data is described in detail through the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 .
图7为本发明另一实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法的流程示意图。图7为在图1所述的实施例的基础上，对步骤S104的进一步优化，如图7所示，所述对所述各子回波数据对应的降噪数据进行拼接处理，得到所述第一回波数据对应的降噪数据，包括：Fig. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a noise reduction processing method for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a further optimization of step S104 based on the embodiment described in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. The noise reduction data corresponding to the first echo data, including:
S701、从所有的子回波数据中提取待处理回波数据，所述待处理回波数据同时包含在两个或两个以上的所述子回波数据中。S701. Extract echo data to be processed from all sub-echo data, where the echo data to be processed is simultaneously contained in two or more sub-echo data.
S702、针对每个待处理回波数据，分别从包含该待处理回波数据的各子回波数据中提取该待处理回波数据对应的第一降噪数据，并对所述待处理回波数据对应的所有第一降噪数据中满足预设条件的第一降噪数据进行加权平均处理，获得所述待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据。S702. For each echo data to be processed, respectively extract first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo data to be processed from each sub-echo data containing the echo data to be processed, and perform processing on the echo data to be processed The weighted average processing is performed on the first noise-reduced data satisfying the preset condition among all the first noise-reduced data corresponding to the data, to obtain the second noise-reduced data of the echo data to be processed.
S703、对提取得到的所有待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据进行拼接处理，获得所述第一回波数据对应的降噪数据。S703. Perform concatenation processing on the second denoising data of all extracted echo data to be processed, to obtain denoising data corresponding to the first echo data.
待处理回波数据具体是指第一回波数据中的任意一个回波，且该待处理回波至少包含在两个子回波数据中。The echo data to be processed specifically refers to any echo in the first echo data, and the echo to be processed is included in at least two sub-echo data.
以第一回波数据中的第一个回波为例，将其标记为b1，由于所有的时间窗口的起始时间均为第一回波的起始时间，故所有的子回波数据中均包括b1，假设时间窗口共有10个，则b1进行了10次降噪处理，由于每个子回波数据的阈值选取不同，故b1对应的十次第一降噪结果均不相同，选取满足预设条件的第一降噪数据进行加权平均处理，将该加权平均处理结果作为b1的第二降噪数据。Taking the first echo in the first echo data as an example, mark it as b1 , since the start time of all time windows is the start time of the first echo, all sub-echo data b1 is included in all, assuming that there are 10 time windows in total, then b1 has undergone 10 times of noise reduction processing. Since the threshold value of each sub-echo data is selected differently, the ten first noise reduction results corresponding to b1 are all different , select the first noise reduction data satisfying the preset condition to perform weighted average processing, and use the weighted average processing result as the second noise reduction dataof b1.
重复上述操作，直至获得第一回波数据中所有回波的第二降噪数据，然后按照时间对所有回波的第二降噪数据进行拼接处理，得到第一回波数据对应的降噪数据。Repeat the above operations until the second noise reduction data of all echoes in the first echo data are obtained, and then splicing the second noise reduction data of all echoes according to time to obtain the noise reduction data corresponding to the first echo data .
本发明实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理的方法，基于采用具有重叠时间的时间窗口划分方案，得到每一个回波的多次降噪处理结果，对该结果进行筛选和加权平均处理，可以有效的排除波动数据的影响；且考虑到第一回波数据的前几个回波对反演结果及其重要，基于时间窗口的时间长度小，降噪结果衰减小的原理，通过时间窗口的划分，保障了前几个回波降噪处理结果，为下一步的反演提供了准确的回波信号。The method for noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by the embodiment of the present invention is based on adopting a time window division scheme with overlapping time to obtain multiple noise reduction processing results for each echo, and to screen and analyze the results. Weighted average processing can effectively eliminate the influence of fluctuating data; and considering that the first few echoes of the first echo data are extremely important to the inversion results, based on the principle that the time length of the time window is small and the attenuation of the noise reduction result is small , through the division of time windows, the noise reduction processing results of the first few echoes are guaranteed, and accurate echo signals are provided for the next inversion.
由图7所述的实施例可知，获得回波的多个第一降噪数据后，如何进行第一降噪数据的筛选，会极大的影响该回波的最终降噪结果。由于时间窗口的长度越长，该时间窗口对应的子回波数据中的回波衰减的越严重，尤其是该子回波数据中前几个回波衰减的越严重，具体体现为，进行降噪处理后，长时间窗口对应的子回波数据的前几个回波的幅度明显小于短时间窗口的前几个回波的幅度，故针对每个回波，可以通过比较包含该回波的各子回波数据的降噪处理结果的差异，来确定该回波的第一降噪数据的筛选标准，下面通过图8所示的实施例进行详细说明。It can be seen from the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 that after obtaining multiple first noise reduction data of the echo, how to screen the first noise reduction data will greatly affect the final noise reduction result of the echo. As the length of the time window is longer, the echo attenuation in the sub-echo data corresponding to the time window is more serious, especially the first few echoes in the sub-echo data are attenuated more seriously. After noise processing, the amplitudes of the first few echoes of the sub-echo data corresponding to the long-term window are obviously smaller than the amplitudes of the first few echoes of the short-time window, so for each echo, it can be compared with the The difference in the noise reduction processing results of each sub-echo data determines the screening standard of the first noise reduction data of the echo, which will be described in detail below through the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 .
图8为本发明再一实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法的流程示意图。图8为在图7所述的实施例的基础上，对步骤S702的进一步优化，如图8所示，步骤S702中所述对所述待处理回波数据对应的所有第一降噪数据中满足预设条件的第一降噪数据进行加权平均处理，获得所述待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据，包括：Fig. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a noise reduction processing method for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 is a further optimization of step S702 based on the embodiment described in Figure 7. The weighted average processing is performed on the first noise reduction data satisfying the preset conditions to obtain the second noise reduction data of the echo data to be processed, including:
S801、执行运算操作，获得所述待处理回波数据对应的所有第一降噪数据的标准差值。S801. Perform an operation to obtain standard deviation values of all first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo data to be processed.
S802、判断所述标准差值是否大于预设阈值。S802. Determine whether the standard deviation value is greater than a preset threshold.
S803、若是，则根据预设规则删除所述待处理回波数据所对应的第一降噪数据中的一个或多个，并对删除后剩余的第一降噪数据进行加权平均处理，获得所述待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据。S803. If yes, delete one or more of the first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo data to be processed according to preset rules, and perform weighted average processing on the remaining first noise reduction data after deletion, to obtain the Describe the second noise-reduced data of the echo data to be processed.
S804、若否，则对所述待处理回波数据对应的所有第一降噪数据进行加权平均处理，获得所述待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据。S804. If not, perform weighted average processing on all first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo data to be processed to obtain second noise reduction data of the echo data to be processed.
针对每一个待处理回波数据，通过比较包含该待处理回波的各子回波数据的降噪处理结果的差异，来确定该回波的第一降噪数据的筛选标准，可选地，通过获取该待处理回波的各第一降噪数据的标准差值，来确定筛选标准。For each echo data to be processed, by comparing the differences in the noise reduction processing results of the sub-echo data containing the echo to be processed, the screening criteria for the first noise reduction data of the echo are determined. Optionally, The screening criterion is determined by acquiring the standard deviation value of each first noise reduction data of the echo to be processed.
求解待处理回波的所有第一降噪数据的标准差值std，具体表示为Solve the standard deviation value std of all the first noise reduction data of the echo to be processed, specifically expressed as
其中，L为各时间窗口的长度，为第一降噪数据的平均值，Xi为各第一降噪数据。Among them, L is the length of each time window, is the average value of the first noise reduction data, andXi is each first noise reduction data.
由于时间窗口的长度越长，该时间窗口对应的子回波数据中的回波衰减的越严重，尤其是该子回波数据中前几个回波衰减的越严重，可知，第一回波数据中的前几个回波的标准差值较大。As the length of the time window is longer, the echo attenuation in the sub-echo data corresponding to the time window is more serious, especially the first few echoes in the sub-echo data are attenuated more seriously. It can be seen that the first echo The first few echoes in the data have larger standard deviation values.
预先设定标准差的预设阈值，该预设阈值为处于第一回波的标准差值和最后一个回波的标准差值之间的一个值。A preset threshold value of the standard deviation is preset, and the preset threshold value is a value between the standard deviation value of the first echo and the standard deviation value of the last echo.
针对每一个待处理回波数据，判断该待处理回波数据对应每个第一降噪数据的标准差值是否大于预设阈值。若是，则表示该待处理回波的第一降噪数据中的部分第一降噪数据衰减过于严重，应根据预设规则删除所述待处理回波数据所对应的第一降噪数据中的一个或多个，可选地，应该删除长时间窗口对应的子回波数据的中该待处理回波对应的第一降噪数据。然后对删除后剩余的第一降噪数据进行加权平均处理，获得所述待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据。For each echo data to be processed, it is judged whether the standard deviation corresponding to each first noise reduction data of the echo data to be processed is greater than a preset threshold. If yes, it means that part of the first noise reduction data in the first noise reduction data of the echo data to be processed is too severely attenuated, and the part of the first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo data to be processed should be deleted according to preset rules. One or more, optionally, the first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo to be processed in the sub-echo data corresponding to the long-time window should be deleted. Then, weighted average processing is performed on the remaining first noise-reduced data after deletion to obtain second noise-reduced data of the echo data to be processed.
若否，则表示该待处理回波的第一降噪数据的结果差别不大，则可以对所述待处理回波数据对应的所有第一降噪数据进行加权平均处理，获得所述待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据。If not, it means that the results of the first noise reduction data of the echo data to be processed are not much different, and weighted average processing can be performed on all the first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo data to be processed to obtain the The second denoised data of the echo data.
本发明实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理的方法，基于各待处理回波数据降噪的衰减特性，明确了回波的每一个待处理回波的多次降噪处理结果的筛选标准，极大的保障了各待处理回波数据的降噪处理结果的准确性。The method for noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by the embodiment of the present invention, based on the attenuation characteristics of each echo data to be processed for noise reduction, clarifies the multiple noise reduction processing of each echo to be processed The screening criteria of the results greatly guarantee the accuracy of the noise reduction processing results of each echo data to be processed.
上述实施例中的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理的方法适用于多种地层模型，下面分别通过小孔占有地层模型和大孔占优地层模型进行说明。此外，由上述实施例中的描述可知时间窗口划分方式不同，降噪处理结果不同，下面通过具体的试验结果进行说明。The method for noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data in the above embodiment is applicable to various formation models, and the formation model occupied by small pores and the formation model dominated by large pores will be described below. In addition, it can be known from the descriptions in the above embodiments that the time window division methods are different, and the noise reduction processing results are different, which will be described below through specific test results.
图9为本发明一实施例提供的无噪声的第一回波数据以及模拟的T2分布示意图。具体地，图9为基于小孔占优地层模型获取。其中横坐标为时间，回波串数据的纵坐标为振幅，T2分布模型的横坐标为孔隙度。图10为基于图9实施例提供的一种核磁共振测井数据的第一回波数据及对其直接反演得到的T2分布。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of noise-free first echo data and a simulated T2 distribution provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, Fig. 9 is obtained based on the stratum model dominated by small pores.The abscissa is time, the ordinate of the echo string data is amplitude, and the abscissa of the T2 distribution model is porosity. FIG. 10 shows the first echo data of a nuclear magnetic resonance logging data provided in the embodiment of FIG. 9 and the T2 distribution obtained by direct inversion thereof.
图11、图12以及图13为基于图10所示第一回波数据的降噪数据示意图及其反演结果，图11、图12和以及图13中的第一回波数据均基于小孔占有地层模型获取。Fig. 11, Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 are schematic diagrams of denoising data and their inversion results based on the first echo data shown in Fig. 10. The first echo data in Fig. 11, Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 are all based on small holes Occupancy strata model acquisition.
具体地，图11中时间窗口参照图3所示方式，图12中时间窗口参照图4所示方式，图13中时间窗口的划分参照图5所示方式，由图11、图12以及图13的第一回波数据示意图可知，通过图5所示窗口的第一回波数据的降噪效果最好。Specifically, refer to the manner shown in FIG. 3 for the time window in FIG. 11, refer to the manner shown in FIG. 4 for the time window in FIG. 12, and refer to the manner shown in FIG. 5 for the division of the time window in FIG. It can be seen from the schematic diagram of the first echo data that the noise reduction effect of the first echo data passing through the window shown in FIG. 5 is the best.
图14为本发明另一实施例提供的无噪声的第一回波数据以及模拟的T2分布示意图。具体地，图14为基于大孔占优地层模型获取。其中横坐标为时间，回波串数据的纵坐标为振幅，T2分布模型的横坐标为孔隙度。图15为基于图14实施例提供的的第一回波数据及对其直接反演得到的T2分布。Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of noise-free first echo data and a simulated T2 distribution provided by another embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, Fig. 14 is obtained based on a macroporous-dominant formation model.The abscissa is time, the ordinate of the echo string data is amplitude, and the abscissa of the T2 distribution model is porosity. FIG. 15 shows the T2 distribution obtained based on the first echo data provided by the embodiment in FIG. 14 and its direct inversion.
图16、图17以及图18为基于图15的第一回波数据示意图的降噪数据示意图及其反演结果。图16、图17和以及图18中的第一回波数据均基于大孔占有地层模型获取。FIG. 16 , FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 are schematic diagrams of noise reduction data based on the schematic diagram of first echo data in FIG. 15 and their inversion results. The first echo data in Fig. 16, Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 are all obtained based on the macropore-occupied formation model.
具体地，图16中时间窗口参照图3所示方式，图17中时间窗口参照图4所示方式，图18中时间窗口的划分参照图5所示方式，由图16、图17以及图18的第一回波数据示意图可知，通过图5所示窗口的第一回波数据的降噪效果最好。Specifically, refer to the manner shown in FIG. 3 for the time window in FIG. 16, refer to the manner shown in FIG. 4 for the time window in FIG. 17, and refer to the manner shown in FIG. 5 for the division of the time window in FIG. It can be seen from the schematic diagram of the first echo data that the noise reduction effect of the first echo data passing through the window shown in FIG. 5 is the best.
图19为本发明一实施例第一回波数据采用图5窗口类型进行500次数值模拟的孔隙度频率分布直方图。其中横坐标为孔隙度，纵坐标为频率，黑色虚线为模拟的地层孔隙度，发现利用图5窗口方案对图10回波数据进行500次数值模拟得到的孔隙度更接近于地层孔隙度。图20为图10中的第一回波数据采用图5窗口类型进行500次数值模拟的均方根误差分布直方图，其中横坐标为均方根误差，纵坐标为频率，发现利用图5窗口方案对图10回波数据进行500次数值模拟得到的均方根误差更小。Fig. 19 is a histogram of porosity frequency distribution for 500 numerical simulations of the first echo data using the window type in Fig. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The abscissa is the porosity, the ordinate is the frequency, and the black dotted line is the simulated formation porosity. It is found that the porosity obtained by numerically simulating the echo data in Figure 10 using the window scheme in Figure 5 for 500 times is closer to the formation porosity. Figure 20 is a histogram of the root mean square error distribution of the first echo data in Figure 10 using the window type in Figure 5 for 500 numerical simulations, where the abscissa is the root mean square error, and the ordinate is the frequency. It is found that using the window in Figure 5 The root mean square error obtained by performing 500 numerical simulations on the echo data in Figure 10 is smaller.
图21为本发明另一实施例第一回波数据采用图5窗口类型进行500次数值模拟的孔隙度频率分布直方图；其中横坐标为孔隙度，纵坐标为频率，发现利用图5窗口方案对图15回波数据进行500次数值模拟得到的孔隙度更接近于地层孔隙度。图22为图15中的第一回波数据进行500次数值模拟的均方根误差分布直方图。其中横坐标为均方根误差，纵坐标为频率，发现利用图5窗口方案对图15回波数据进行500次数值模拟得到的均方根误差更小。Fig. 21 is a histogram of porosity frequency distribution for 500 numerical simulations of the first echo data using the window type in Fig. 5 according to another embodiment of the present invention; where the abscissa is porosity, and the ordinate is frequency. It is found that using the window scheme in Fig. 5 The porosity obtained by performing 500 numerical simulations on the echo data in Fig. 15 is closer to the formation porosity. Fig. 22 is a histogram of root mean square error distribution of 500 numerical simulations performed on the first echo data in Fig. 15 . The abscissa is the root mean square error, and the ordinate is the frequency. It is found that the root mean square error obtained by performing 500 numerical simulations on the echo data in Figure 15 using the window scheme in Figure 5 is smaller.
综上，本申请实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法适用于多种地层模型，降噪结果有效且稳定，通过调整时间窗口的时间域以及时间长度，可以对第一回波数据中的前几个回波进行重点分析，保障降噪处理效率的前提下改善降噪效果。To sum up, the noise reduction processing method for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by the embodiment of this application is applicable to various formation models, and the noise reduction results are effective and stable. By adjusting the time domain and time length of the time window, the first The first few echoes in the echo data are mainly analyzed to improve the noise reduction effect under the premise of ensuring the efficiency of noise reduction processing.
基于上述实施例所提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法，本发明实施例进一步给出实现上述方法实施例的装置实施例。Based on the noise reduction processing method for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an embodiment of an apparatus for realizing the above method embodiment.
图23为本发明一实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理装置的功能框图。如图23所示，该核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理装置包括获取模块231、分窗模块232、降噪模块233以及拼接模块234，其中：Fig. 23 is a functional block diagram of a noise reduction processing device for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 23, the noise reduction processing device of the NMR logging echo data includes an acquisition module 231, a windowing module 232, a noise reduction module 233 and a splicing module 234, wherein:
获取模块231，用于获取待降噪的第一回波数据。The obtaining module 231 is configured to obtain the first echo data to be denoised.
分窗模块232，用于采用不同的时间窗口提取所述第一回波数据在不同时间段上的子回波数据，其中，提取到的所有子回波数据之和包括所述第一回波数据的全部数据。The windowing module 232 is configured to use different time windows to extract sub-echo data of the first echo data in different time periods, wherein the sum of all extracted sub-echo data includes the first echo data All of the data.
降噪模块233，用于分别对各子回波数据进行离散余弦变换处理，并对所述离散余弦变换处理后得到的离散余弦变换系数进行阈值化处理和离散余弦逆变换处理，得到各子回波数据对应的降噪数据。The noise reduction module 233 is configured to perform discrete cosine transform processing on each sub-echo data respectively, and perform thresholding processing and inverse discrete cosine transform processing on the discrete cosine transform coefficients obtained after the discrete cosine transform processing, to obtain each sub-echo Denoised data corresponding to wave data.
拼接模块234，用于对所述各子回波数据对应的降噪数据进行拼接处理，得到所述第一回波数据对应的降噪数据。The splicing module 234 is configured to splice the noise reduction data corresponding to the sub-echo data to obtain the noise reduction data corresponding to the first echo data.
本发明实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理的装置，通过离散余弦变换代替小波变换进行核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理，由于离散余弦变换的基已经确定，且离散余弦变换不存在确定分解尺度问题，故简化了小波变换进行回波数据降噪处理的处理流程，提高回波数据降噪处理的效率；同时，通过设置多个时间窗口，将回波数据划分为多个时间窗口的回波数据，然后分别对每个时间窗口的回波数据进行降噪处理，将降噪完成的多个时间窗口的降噪回波进行组合，获取降噪后的回波数据；由于第一回波数据中前面几个回波对反演的影响更大，通过多个时间窗口的设置，提高了回波数据的降噪效果。The device for noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses discrete cosine transform instead of wavelet transform to perform noise reduction processing of nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data. Since the basis of discrete cosine transform has been determined, and Discrete cosine transform does not have the problem of determining the decomposition scale, so the processing flow of wavelet transform for echo data denoising processing is simplified, and the efficiency of echo data denoising processing is improved; at the same time, by setting multiple time windows, the echo data is divided into It is the echo data of multiple time windows, and then performs noise reduction processing on the echo data of each time window separately, and combines the noise reduction echoes of multiple time windows after the noise reduction is completed, and obtains the echo after noise reduction data; because the first few echoes in the first echo data have a greater impact on the inversion, the noise reduction effect of the echo data is improved by setting multiple time windows.
可选地，拼接模块，还具体用于从所有的子回波数据中提取待处理回波数据，所述待处理回波数据同时包含在两个或两个以上的所述子回波数据中；针对每个待处理回波数据，分别从包含该待处理回波数据的各子回波数据中提取该待处理回波数据对应的第一降噪数据，并对所述待处理回波数据对应的所有第一降噪数据中满足预设条件的第一降噪数据进行加权平均处理，获得所述待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据；对提取得到的所有待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据进行拼接处理，获得所述第一回波数据对应的降噪数据。Optionally, the splicing module is further specifically configured to extract echo data to be processed from all sub-echo data, and the echo data to be processed is simultaneously included in two or more sub-echo data ; For each echo data to be processed, respectively extracting the first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo data to be processed from each sub-echo data containing the echo data to be processed, and processing the echo data to be processed Performing weighted average processing on the corresponding first noise reduction data satisfying the preset conditions among all the first noise reduction data to obtain the second noise reduction data of the echo data to be processed; The second noise reduction data is spliced to obtain the noise reduction data corresponding to the first echo data.
可选地，拼接模块，还具体用于执行运算操作，获得所述待处理回波数据对应的所有第一降噪数据的标准差值；分别判断所述待处理回波数据对应每个第一降噪数据的标准差值是否大于预设阈值；若是，则根据预设规则删除所述待处理回波数据所对应的第一降噪数据中的一个或多个，并对删除后剩余的第一降噪数据进行加权平均处理，获得所述待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据；若否，则对所述待处理回波数据对应的所有第一降噪数据进行加权平均处理，获得所述待处理回波数据的第二降噪数据。Optionally, the splicing module is also specifically configured to perform calculation operations to obtain the standard deviation values of all the first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo data to be processed; respectively judge that the echo data to be processed corresponds to each first noise reduction data; Whether the standard deviation of the noise reduction data is greater than the preset threshold; if so, delete one or more of the first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo data to be processed according to the preset rules, and delete the remaining first noise reduction data performing weighted average processing on the first noise reduction data to obtain the second noise reduction data of the echo data to be processed; if not, performing weighted average processing on all the first noise reduction data corresponding to the echo data to be processed to obtain The second noise reduction data of the echo data to be processed.
可选地，降噪模块，还具体用于针对每个子回波数据，将该子回波数据的离散余弦变换系数的阈值设置为该子回波数据对应的时间窗口的长度的平方根，并判断该子回波数据中各回波对应的离散余弦变换系数是否大于所述阈值，将大于所述阈值的离散余弦变换系数设置为零。Optionally, the noise reduction module is further specifically configured to, for each sub-echo data, set the threshold value of the discrete cosine transform coefficient of the sub-echo data as the square root of the length of the time window corresponding to the sub-echo data, and determine Whether the discrete cosine transform coefficient corresponding to each echo in the sub-echo data is greater than the threshold, the discrete cosine transform coefficient greater than the threshold is set to zero.
图23所示实施例的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理装置可用于执行上述方法实施例中的技术方案，其实现原理和技术效果类似，本实施例此处不再赘述。The noise reduction processing device for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data in the embodiment shown in FIG. 23 can be used to implement the technical solutions in the above method embodiments. The implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and will not be repeated here in this embodiment.
应理解以上图23所示核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理装置的各个模块的划分仅仅是一种逻辑功能的划分，实际实现时可以全部或部分集成到一个物理实体上，也可以物理上分开。且这些模块可以全部以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现；也可以全部以硬件的形式实现；还可以部分模块以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现，部分模块通过硬件的形式实现。此外这些模块全部或部分可以集成在一起，也可以独立实现。这里所述的处理元件可以是一种集成电路，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤或以上各个模块可以通过处理器元件中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。It should be understood that the division of each module of the noise reduction processing device for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data shown in Figure 23 above is only a division of logical functions, which can be fully or partially integrated into a physical entity during actual implementation, or can be physically on separate. And these modules can all be implemented in the form of software called by the processing element; they can also be implemented in the form of hardware; some modules can also be implemented in the form of software called by the processing element, and some modules can be implemented in the form of hardware. In addition, all or part of these modules can be integrated together, and can also be implemented independently. The processing element mentioned here may be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method or each module above can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor element or an instruction in the form of software.
图24为本发明一实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理设备的硬件结构示意图。如图24所示，本实施例提供的核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理设备240包括：至少一个存储器242、处理器241以及计算机程序；其中，计算机程序存储在存储器242中，并被配置为由处理器241执行以实现如核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理方法。Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a noise reduction processing device for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 24 , the noise reduction processing device 240 for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data provided in this embodiment includes: at least one memory 242, a processor 241, and a computer program; wherein, the computer program is stored in the memory 242 and is It is configured to be executed by the processor 241 to implement a noise reduction processing method such as nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data.
本领域技术人员可以理解，图24仅仅是核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理设备的示例，并不构成对核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理设备的限定，核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理设备可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件，例如所述核磁共振测井回波数据的降噪处理设备还可以包括输入输出设备、网络接入设备、总线等。Those skilled in the art can understand that Fig. 24 is only an example of the noise reduction processing equipment for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data, and does not constitute a limitation on the noise reduction processing equipment for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data. The noise reduction processing equipment for wave data may include more or less components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or different components, for example, the noise reduction processing equipment for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data may also include input Output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
此外，本发明实施例提供了一种可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行以实现上述任一实现方式所述的方法。In addition, an embodiment of the present invention provides a readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method described in any of the above implementation manners.
上述可读存储介质可以是由任何类型的易失性或非易失性存储设备或者它们的组合实现，如静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)，电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)，可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)，可编程只读存储器(PROM)，只读存储器(ROM)，磁存储器，快闪存储器，磁盘或光盘。可读存储介质可以是通用或专用计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。The above-mentioned readable storage medium can be realized by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or their combination, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Magnetic Memory, Flash Memory, Magnetic or Optical Disk. Readable storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention. scope.
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| CN201910454863.9ACN110159262B (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Noise reduction processing method and device for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data |
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| CN201910454863.9ACN110159262B (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Noise reduction processing method and device for nuclear magnetic resonance logging echo data |
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