Radioactive decontamination Efficiency test methodTechnical field
The invention belongs to nuclear industry Radwastes treatment fields, and in particular to a kind of radioactive decontamination efficiency test sideMethod.
Background technique
Radioactive pollution embrane method emergence treating method is the advanced skill disposed nuclear accident, radiate terrorist incident Radiological ConsequencesArt.It is dirty that sealed decontamination decontamination, accident source, high-altitude and ground large area radioactivity are equipped in national nuclear emergency decontamination decontamination strengthDye area pollution compacting work capacity is to prove construction based on embrane method diffusion control and embrane method detergent.
Radioactive pollution detergent is the material base of embrane method technical application system.Its major function is by radiological predication fallout plotGrain or chemical powder adsorb, cohere, being embedded in high polymer long chain item net and do not fall off, and then formed with certain cohesive force,The membrane body of tensile strength, tearing strength, and then achieve the purpose that fixed, transfer radioactive dust particle, prevent radioactive dustDiffusion, migration circle, the emergency decontamination for live radioactive pollution are pre-processed.
Radioactive pollution detersive efficiency is the key parameter for characterizing radioactive pollution detergent performance quality, is directed to goes at presentThe measurement method of dirty efficiency mainly carries out decontamination in pollutant external coating decontamination agent, and several measurement points is selected to distinguishLevel of pollution before and after film is measured, detersive efficiency is estimated.Or the non radioactive isotope using substitution nucleicIt is tested as simulated experiment object, using measurement methods such as titration, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, ICP-MS, measures decontaminationEfficiency.These methods can only trap radioactivity to detergent or the efficiency of nonradioactive isotope carries out static measurement, can not simulateThe diffusion motion of radionuclide after nuclear accident, influences the accuracy of measurement result.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is proposed to overcome disadvantage existing in the prior art, and the purpose is to provide a kind of radioactivityDirty Efficiency test method.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of test method of radioactive decontamination efficiency, comprising the following steps:
(I) detersive efficiency of the test detergent to radioactive dust in air；
(II) test detergent is to surface contamination radioactive dust detersive efficiency.
Specific steps of step (I) the test detergent to the detersive efficiency of radioactive dust in air are as follows:
(I) is cleaned out case is sprayed, and it is connect with collet with hold-down bolt, and door (13) are operated before closing, operate door afterwardsWith air sampling mouth, air-valve is opened；
(II) radiotropism dust adding mouth adds a certain amount of radioactive dust, closes radioactive dust adding mouth；
(III) opens blower, and radioactive dust is blown into sprinkling case, and continues air-supply a period of time；
(IV) closes blower, opens air sampling mouth, carries out airborne contamination level sampling and measurement；
(V) closes air sampling mouth, sprays a certain amount of detergent into sprinkling case；
(VI) is again turned on air sampling mouth, carries out airborne contamination level sampling and measurement；
Sampled result before and after (VII) comparative analysis calculates detersive efficiency；
(VIII) is removed case is sprayed from collet, and removes decontamination film；
(IV) sprays detergent cleaning agent into sprinkling case with spraying machine, removes sprinkling case and the detergent of channel interior remnants.
Specific steps of step (II) the test detergent to surface contamination radioactive dust detersive efficiency are as follows:
(I) is cleaned out case is sprayed, and it is connect with collet with hold-down bolt, operation door, rear operation door and sky before closingGas thief hatch opens air-valve；
(II) radiotropism dust adding mouth adds a certain amount of radioactive dust, closes radioactive dust adding mouth；
(III) opens blower, and radioactive dust is blown into sprinkling case, and continues air-supply a period of time；
(IV) closes blower, stands a period of time, before opening operation door or after operate door, to collet and sprinkling case sidewall surfacesRadioactive contamination level is sampled and is measured；
(V) sprays a certain amount of detergent into sprinkling case, stands a period of time；
After (VI) to be decontaminated dose of film forming, operation Men Yuhou operates door before opening, and will spray the decontamination film stripping of case and shoe surfaceIt takes out；
(VII) is sampled and is measured to the radioactive contamination level of collet and sprinkling case sidewall surfaces again；
(VIII) sprays detergent cleaning agent into sprinkling case with spraying machine, removes cabinet and the detergent of channel interior remnants.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention provides a kind of radioactive decontamination Efficiency test methods, under analog nuclear leakage or nuclear blast environment, radioactivityDiffusion motion of the nucleic in open spaces, and influence of the natural wind simulating to the Convention diffusion of nuclear pollution are sprayed by measurementFront and back radioactive pollutant is horizontal, can calculate pollution efficiency, can both measure detergent and go to radioactive dust in airDirty efficiency can also measure detergent to the detersive efficiency of surface contamination radioactive dust.This method is mainly in closed boxIt measures, not will cause radioactive dust and largely spread.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of radioactive decontamination efficiency test device used in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of operation door open state before radioactive decontamination efficiency test device used in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of operation door open state after radioactive decontamination efficiency test device used in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the assembling structure that bottom portion and atomizer are sprayed in radioactive decontamination efficiency test device used in the present inventionSchematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of collet in radioactive decontamination efficiency test device used in the present invention.
Wherein:
1 sprinkling 2 spraying machine of case
3 jet pipe, 4 atomizer
5 blower, 6 radioactive dust adding mouth
7 air supply tubes 8 recycle air hose
9 air-valve, 10 high efficiency particulate air filter
11 handle, 12 fan supporter
Door is operated after operating door 14 before 13
15 air sampling mouth, 16 sealing ring
17 hold-down bolt, 18 collet
19 collet grooves 20 compress screw hole.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification and radioactive decontamination Efficiency test method of the present invention is described in detail in embodiment:
A kind of radioactive decontamination Efficiency test method, comprising the following steps:
(I) detersive efficiency of the test detergent to radioactive dust in air
(I) is cleaned out case 1 is sprayed, and it is connect with the hold-down bolt 17 of collet 18, operation door 13, rear operation before closingDoor 14 and air sampling mouth 15 open air-valve 9；
(II) radiotropism dust adding mouth 6 adds a certain amount of radioactive dust, closes radioactive dust adding mouth 6；
(III) opens blower 5, and radioactive dust is blown into sprinkling case 1, and continues air-supply a period of time；
(IV) closes blower 5, opens air sampling mouth 15, carries out airborne contamination level sampling and measurement；
(V) closes air sampling mouth 15, sprays a certain amount of detergent into sprinkling case；
(VI) is again turned on air sampling mouth 15, carries out airborne contamination level sampling and measurement；
Sampled result before and after (VII) comparative analysis calculates detersive efficiency；
(VIII) is removed case 1 is sprayed from collet 18, and removes decontamination film；
(IV) sprays detergent cleaning agent into sprinkling case 1 with spraying machine 2, removes sprinkling case 1 and the decontamination of channel interior remnantsAgent.
(II) test detergent is to surface contamination radioactive dust detersive efficiency
(I) is cleaned out case 1 is sprayed, and it is connect with the hold-down bolt 17 of collet 18, operation door 13, rear operation before closingDoor 14 and air sampling mouth 15 open air-valve 9；
(II) radiotropism dust adding mouth 6 adds a certain amount of radioactive dust, closes radioactive dust adding mouth 6；
(III) opens blower 5, and radioactive dust is blown into sprinkling case 1, and continues air-supply a period of time；
(IV) closes blower 5, stands a period of time, operation door 13 or rear operation door 14 before opening, to collet 18 and sprinkling 1 side of caseThe radioactive contamination level of wall surface is sampled and is measured；
(V) sprays a certain amount of detergent into sprinkling case 1, stands a period of time；
After (VI) to be decontaminated dose of film forming, operation door 13 and rear operation door 14, will spray the decontamination of case 1 and 18 surface of collet before openingFilm stripping is taken out；
(VII) is sampled and is measured to the radioactive contamination level of collet 18 and sprinkling 1 sidewall surfaces of case again；
(VIII) sprays detergent cleaning agent into sprinkling case 1 with spraying machine 2, removes cabinet and the detergent of channel interior remnants.
Radioactive decontamination efficiency test device used in the method for the present invention, structure is as shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5, the radioactivityDetersive efficiency test device, comprising:
Case 1 is sprayed, atomizer 4 is arranged in inner tip；
Spraying machine 2 is connected to by jet pipe 3 with atomizer 4；
Blower 5 passes through air supply tube 7 and circulation air hose 8 respectively and is connected to sprinkling case 1；
Wherein, radioactive dust adding mouth 6 is set on the tube wall of the air supply tube 7；Setting at the top of the branch pipe of the circulation air hose 8Air-valve 9 is arranged close to one end of sprinkling case 1 in high efficiency particulate air filter 10, branch pipe.
The sprinkling case 1 includes upper taper mask and lower cylindrical type staving；It is close that mask bottom surface is provided at least oneSeal 16, mask outer wall are provided with handle 11；Staving side wall be provided with the preceding operation door 13 being connect with chest hinge and afterOperate door 14；Operator operates door 13 before can choose opening or rear operation door 14 carries out test operation.
It is described sprinkling case 1 staving side wall on be provided with air sampling mouth 15, for the radioactive level in air intoRow sampling.
Collet 18 is set below the sprinkling case 1.
18 top surface of collet forms the collet groove 19 for inlaying sprinkling case 1, and 19 slot bottom edge of collet groove is uniformly distributed multipleCompress screw hole 20.
The collet 18 is fixedly connected with sprinkling case 1 by hold-down bolt 17.
The blower 5 passes through the fan supporter 12 being set on sprinkling 1 cabinet of case and connect with sprinkling case 1.
The air supply tube 7 be arranged in sprinkling case 1 side wall, and with the tangent connection of side wall, air by air supply tube 7 enter sprayWhen spilling 1 inside of case, whirlwind can be formed in sprinkling case 1.
The circulation air hose 8 includes interconnected supervisor and branch pipe, and supervisor is connected to blower 5, and branch pipe and sprinkling case 1 connectLead to and is vertically arranged；
Operator operates door 13 before can choose opening or rear operation door 14 carries out test operation.
The radioactive decontamination efficiency test device is placed in glove box or uses in hot laboratory.
The spraying machine 2 be used for by detergent or cleaning agent be delivered to sprinkling case 1 in, spraying machine be detergent spraying machine,Emulsion paint flush coater or vehicle-mounted sprayer.
The jet pipe 3 is used to be delivered to detergent or cleaning agent in sprinkling case 1.
The atomizer 4 is replaceable, for testing the atomizing effect of different spray heads.
The radioactive dust adding mouth 6 is for adding configured quantifying radioactive dust.
The air-valve 9 is for obstructing circulation air hose and sprinkling box body.
The high efficiency particulate air filter of circulation 8 branch of the air hose connection, can balance inside and outside differential pressure, a large amount of dust is prevented to overflow.
The present invention proposes a kind of radioactive decontamination Efficiency test method, goes including detergent to radioactive dust in airThe test method of dirty efficiency and test method to surface contamination radioactive dust detersive efficiency carry out the fountain height of detergentQuantitative analysis compares and analyzes different atomizer atomizing effects, to judge that can detergent effectively capture radioactivityNucleic.
Under analog nuclear leakage of the present invention or nuclear blast environment, diffusion motion of the radionuclide in open spaces, andInfluence of the natural wind simulating to the Convention diffusion of nuclear pollution is sprayed front and back radioactive pollutant level by measurement, can be calculatedEfficiency is polluted, detergent can have both been measured to the detersive efficiency of radioactive dust in air, detergent can also be measured to surfaceIt is infected with the detersive efficiency of radioactive dust.The device can carry out quantitative analysis to the fountain height of detergent, spray to different atomizationsMouth atomizing effect compares and analyzes test.This method mainly measures in closed box, not will cause radioactive dustA large amount of diffusions.