Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to for traditional battery pack heating power and the low problem of heating efficiency, provide a kind of electronic vapourMotor vehicle drive system, driving circuit and batteries of electric automobile heating means.
A kind of driving circuit, comprising:
Power supply unit, including the first battery pack and the second battery pack；And
Inverter circuit, including the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and third bridge arm；
The first electrode of first battery pack is connect with the upper bridge arm of first bridge arm by the first bus, and describedThe first electrode of two battery packs is female by second with the upper bridge arm of the upper bridge arm of second bridge arm and the third bridge arm respectivelyLine connection；
The second electrode of the second electrode of first battery pack and second battery pack is collinearly to form first end；
The lower bridge arm of the lower bridge arm of first bridge arm, the lower bridge arm of second bridge arm and the third bridge arm collinearly withForm second end；
The first end is connect with the second end bus.
A kind of drive system of electric automobile, comprising:
Driving circuit described in any one of above-described embodiment；
Battery management circuit is electrically connected with the driving circuit；
First controller is electrically connected with the driving circuit；And
Second detection circuit is electrically connected with first controller.
A kind of batteries of electric automobile heating means realize that the batteries of electric automobile heats using drive system of electric automobileMethod；
The drive system of electric automobile include driving circuit, the battery management circuit being electrically connected with the driving circuit withAnd the first controller being electrically connected with the driving circuit；
The driving circuit includes the power supply unit and inverter circuit connected by bus, and said supply unit includes firstBattery pack and the second battery pack；The inverter circuit includes three bridge arms；The first electrode of first battery pack and described threeThe upper bridge arm of a bridge arm is connected by the first bus in a bridge arm, and the first electrode of second battery pack is respectively with described threeThe upper bridge arm of remaining two bridge arms is connected by the second bus in a bridge arm；
After the second electrode of the second electrode of first battery pack and second battery pack is conllinear, with three bridgesThe lower bridge arm bus of arm connects；
The batteries of electric automobile heating means include:
S10, before electric car starting, by the battery management circuit judge the electric car whether need intoThe heating of row battery；
S20 is controlled described inverse after confirming that the electric car needs to carry out battery heating by first controllerPower transformation road, so that first battery pack charges to second battery pack；
S30 passes through institute after first battery pack reaches first time threshold to the second battery pack charging timeIt states the first controller and controls the inverter circuit, so that second battery pack charges to first battery pack, the power supplyUnit itself polarizes during charging and discharging, to realize the controllable liter of each battery pack in said supply unitTemperature.
The application provides a kind of drive system of electric automobile, driving circuit and batteries of electric automobile heating means.The electricityVehicle driving system includes the first controller, power supply unit and inverter circuit.Said supply unit includes two battery packs.WhenWhen heating to batteries of electric automobile, one end of two battery packs is mutually indepedent, the other end of two battery packsCollinearly.The lower bridge arm of three bridge arms in the inverter circuit is conllinear.A bridge arm in three bridge arms in the inverter circuitUpper bridge arm connect with the independent one end bus of a battery pack.Remaining two bridges in three bridge arms in the inverter circuitThe upper bridge arm of arm is connect with the independent one end bus of another battery pack.First controller is electrically connected with the inverter circuitIt connects.The batteries of electric automobile heating means are opened by three bridge arms that first controller controls the inverter circuitIt closes, to complete energy output and the energy regenerating of said supply unit, and then said supply unit itself is made to polarize, thusRealize that the battery of said supply unit controllably heats up.The maximum operating currenbt of device for power switching in the inverter circuit compared withHeight, and the batteries of electric automobile heating means can not increase other devices using the drive system of electric automobileOn the basis of realize high-power heating, effectively increase heating efficiency.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application more apparent, with reference to the accompanying drawing to the applicationSpecific embodiment be described in detail.Many details are explained in the following description in order to fully understand this ShenPlease.But the application can be implemented with being much different from other way described herein, those skilled in the art can be notSimilar improvement is done in the case where violating the application intension, therefore the application is not limited by following public specific implementation.
It should be noted that it can directly on the other element when element is referred to as " being set to " another elementOr there may also be elements placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, it, which can be, is directly connected toTo another element or it may be simultaneously present centering elements.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein and the technical field for belonging to the applicationThe normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.The term used in the description of the present application is intended merely to description tool hereinThe purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in limitation the application.Term " and or " used herein includes one or more phasesAny and all combinations of the listed item of pass.
Referring to Figure 1, the application one embodiment provides a kind of driving circuit 100.The driving circuit 100 includes power supplyUnit 10 and inverter circuit 20.
Said supply unit 10 includes the first battery pack 11 and the second battery pack 12.The inverter circuit 20 includes the first bridgeArm 21, the second bridge arm 22 and third bridge arm 23.The upper bridge of the first electrode of first battery pack 11 and first bridge arm 21The connection of arm bus.The first electrode of second battery pack 12 respectively with the upper bridge arm of second bridge arm 22 and the third bridgeThe upper bridge arm bus of arm 23 connects.The second electrode of the second electrode of first battery pack 11 and second battery pack 12 is totalLine is to form first end 101.The lower bridge arm of first bridge arm 21, the lower bridge arm of second bridge arm 22 and the third bridge arm23 lower bridge arm is collinearly to form second end 201.The first end 101 is connect with 201 bus of second end.First electricityPond group 11 has equivalent resistance R1.Second battery pack 12 has equivalent resistance R2.
The first electrode can be the anode of battery.The first electrode can also be the cathode of battery.Described secondElectrode can be the anode of battery.The second electrode can also be the cathode of battery.When the anode of first battery pack 11When with the anode of second battery pack 12 as first electrode.Three bridge arms of the inverter 20 only one end be connected in parallel to it is samePotential point.Two bridge arms in three bridge arms are connected in parallel to same potential point in the other end.It is remaining in three bridge armsThe other end of one bridge arm is independently connected to another potential point.
In the present embodiment, said supply unit 10 includes two battery packs.The inverter circuit 20 includes three bridge arms.InstituteThe one end for stating the first battery pack 11 is connect with the upper bridge arm of first bridge arm 21 by the first bus.Second battery pack 12One end connect respectively with the upper bridge arm of the upper bridge arm of second bridge arm 22 and the third bridge arm 23 by the second bus.OneThe other end of a battery pack and the other end of another battery pack are conllinear.The lower bridge arm of three bridge arms is conllinear.ConllinearLower bridge arm one end conllinear with battery pack is connected.Described two battery packs are mutually indepedent, so that the driving circuit 100 has moreMultiple degrees of freedom.The driving circuit 100 can realize heating function and the parking of battery on the basis of not increasing other devicesEqualization function.It include two battery packs in the driving circuit 100, compared with three traditional battery-powered modes, thisThe embodiment of power supply in embodiment reduces battery pack all the way, so as to reduce voltage sampling circuit all the way, Jin ErThe cost of battery management system can be reduced to a certain extent.
Fig. 2 is referred to, in one embodiment, the driving circuit 100 further includes state switch 140.The shapeState switching switch 140 is set between first bus and second bus.The driving circuit 100 can be set to electricityElectrical automobile driving circuit.When the electric car is in driving condition, it is closed the state switch 140.When the electricityWhen electrical automobile is in low-temperature heat state, the state switch 140 is disconnected.
It, can be with by the state switch 140 when the electric car is in different states in the present embodimentThe effective relationship changed between said supply unit 10 and the inverter circuit 20.When the electric car is in driving conditionWhen, it is closed the state switch 140.At this point, the upper bridge arm of three bridge arms of the inverter circuit 20 is conllinear.The inversionThe lower bridge arm bridge arm of three bridge arms of circuit 20 is conllinear.At this point, can be real by inverter circuit 20 described in traditional vector controlledThe driving of the existing electric car, reduces the cost for controlling the inverter circuit 20.When the electric car adds in low temperatureWarm status when needing to heat the battery pack in said supply unit 10, disconnects the state switch 140.At this point,Only one end is connected in parallel to same potential point to three bridge arms of the inverter 20.Two in three bridge arms are in parallel in the other endTo same potential point.The other end of a remaining bridge arm is independently connected to another potential point in three bridge arms.It is describedTwo battery packs are mutually indepedent, so that the driving circuit has more freedom.The driving circuit 100 can not increaseThe heating function of battery is realized on the basis of other devices.
Each battery pack in said supply unit 10 includes 110 He of battery unit in one of the embodiments,One the first by-pass switch 120.
One battery unit 110 and first by-pass switch 120 are connected in series.In said supply unit 10Including multiple battery cores 111.The model of the multiple battery core 111, nominal capacity can be identical.The multiple battery core 111 can be put downIt is divided into three groups.Multiple battery cores 111 are interconnected so as to form a battery unit 110 in every group.One battery unit 110In the battery core 111 connection type and the battery core 111 in battery unit 110 described in another two connection type phaseTogether.The connection type is series connection, multiple battery cores after multiple series connection of battery core 111, multiple 111 parallel connections of battery coreOne of parallel connection after 111 in parallel or multiple battery cores 111 are connected.
First by-pass switch 120 can be a relay.First by-pass switch 120 can also for one afterSwitching circuit after electric appliance is in parallel with concatenated preliminary filling relay, precharge group.First by-pass switch 120 is electromagnetism relayOne of device, insulated gate bipolar transistor or Metal-Oxide Semiconductor field effect transistor.
In the present embodiment, each battery pack connects first by-pass switch 120, may be implemented to each battery packIndependent control.When one of battery failure, by disconnecting the first by-pass switch 120 connecting with fail battery group,Being isolated for fail battery group and normal battery may be implemented
The driving circuit 100 further includes the second by-pass switch 130 in one of the embodiments,.
Second by-pass switch 130 is electrically connected between the first end 101 and the second end 201.Described secondBy-pass switch 130 can be a relay.Second by-pass switch 130 can also be a relay and concatenated preliminary fillingSwitching circuit after relay, precharge group are in parallel.Second by-pass switch 130 is electromagnetic relay, insulated gate bipolarOne of transistor or Metal-Oxide Semiconductor field effect transistor.By disconnecting second by-pass switch 130,It can achieve the purpose for disconnecting said supply unit 10 and the inverter circuit 20.
Each bridge arm in the inverter circuit 20 includes two concatenated power switch devices in one of the embodiments,Part 211.
The collector terminal of a device for power switching 211 in described two concatenated device for power switching 211 with oneThe positive electrode bus of battery pack connects.Another device for power switching 211 in described two concatenated device for power switching 211Emitter terminal is connect with the negative electrode bus of a battery pack.One device for power switching 211 of each bridge arm may be constructedThe upper bridge arm of one bridge arm.Another device for power switching 211 of each bridge arm may be constructed the lower bridge arm of a bridge arm.The bridge arm can be insulated gate bipolar transistor.The three-phase output end of the inverter circuit 20 respectively with three-phase motor 30Three-phase bus W, U, V are connected.The three-phase motor 30 can be three-phase synchronous motor.The three-phase motor 30 can also be three-phaseAsynchronous machine.The inverter circuit 20 can export the frequency of up to several hundred upper kilocycles, may be implemented to the driving circuit 100In various revolving speeds motor driving.
Fig. 3 is referred to, the application one embodiment provides a kind of drive system of electric automobile 200.The electric car drivesDynamic system 200 includes driving circuit 100, battery management circuit 40, the first controller 50 and the second detection circuit 60.
The battery management circuit 40 is electrically connected with the driving circuit 100.First controller 50 and the drivingCircuit 100 is electrically connected.Second detection circuit 60 is electrically connected with first controller 50.The drive in the present embodimentDynamic circuit 100 is similar to the driving method of the driving circuit 100 in above-described embodiment, and details are not described herein again.The batteryManagement circuit 40 is used to detect the state-of-charge of said supply unit 10 and the working condition of said supply unit 10.The batteryManagement circuit 40 is also used to manage said supply unit 10.For example, the battery management circuit 40 can control it is describedThe opening and closing of first by-pass switch 120 and second by-pass switch 130 in power supply unit 10.First controller 50It is combined for controlling the fixed conducting power switch 211 of the inverter circuit 20.The battery management circuit 40 and described thePass through isolation signals circuit connection between one controller 50.Second detection circuit 60 is for detecting the three-phase motor 30Induced current.Second detection circuit 60 is also used to the faradic amplitude information being reported to first controller50.First controller 50 can control the inverter circuit 20 according to the amplitude information.
In the present embodiment, the drive system of electric automobile 200 includes driving circuit 100, battery management circuit 40 and theOne controller 50.Said supply unit 10 in the driving circuit 100 includes two battery packs.The inverter circuit 20 includesThree bridge arms.One end of first battery pack 11 is connect with the upper bridge arm of first bridge arm 21 by the first bus.It is describedOne end of second battery pack 12 passes through the with the upper bridge arm of the upper bridge arm of second bridge arm 22 and the third bridge arm 23 respectivelyThe connection of two buses.The other end of one battery pack and the other end of another battery pack are conllinear.The lower bridge of three bridge armsArm is conllinear.Conllinear lower bridge arm one end conllinear with battery pack is connected.Described two battery packs are mutually indepedent, so that the drivingCircuit 100 has more freedom.The drive system of electric automobile 200 can be realized on the basis of not increasing other devicesDriving function, heating function and the parking equalization function of batteries of electric automobile.
Fig. 4 is referred to, the electric vehicle has control centre in one of the embodiments,.The battery management circuit40 include the first detection circuit 41 and second controller 42.
First detection circuit 41 includes voltage detection unit 411, current detecting unit 412 and temperature detecting unit413, the voltage detection unit 411, the current detecting unit 412 and the temperature detecting unit 413 respectively with the confessionElectric unit 10 is electrically connected.The second controller 42 is electrically connected with said supply unit 10.
Voltage, electric current and the temperature signal that first detection circuit 41 will test are reported to the electric carControl centre.The control centre passes through first controller 50 and second control according to the signal receivedDevice 42 drives the driving circuit 100, brakes, heating and parking equilibrium controls.The battery management circuit 40 is logicalCross first detection circuit 41 and the second controller 42 may be implemented rapidly and efficiently detect said supply unit 10In two battery packs each performance parameter.
Fig. 5 is referred to, a kind of batteries of electric automobile heating means are provided in the application one embodiment.Using described electronicAutomobile driving system 200 realizes the batteries of electric automobile heating means.The batteries of electric automobile heating means include:
S10 judges whether the electric car needs by the battery management circuit 40 before the electric car startingCarry out battery heating.In step S10, it can judge whether the electric car is in by detecting the temperature of battery battery coreLow-temperature heat state.
S20 is controlled described after confirming that the electric car needs to carry out battery heating by first controller 50Inverter circuit 20, so that first battery pack 11 charges to second battery pack 12.In step S20, by described in controlThe switch state of three bridge arms of inverter circuit 20 may be implemented first battery pack 11 and first fill to the three-phase motor 30Electricity, the process that then first battery pack 11 and the three-phase motor 30 charge to second battery pack 12 together.At thisIt during one, removes outside necessary electric quantity consumption, overall performance is that first battery pack 11 is filled to second battery pack 12Electricity.
S30 leads to after first battery pack 11 reaches first time threshold to 12 charging time of the second battery packIt crosses first controller 50 and controls the inverter circuit 20, so that second battery pack 12 is filled to first battery pack 11Electricity, said supply unit 10 itself polarize during charging and discharging, to realize each in said supply unit 10The controllable heating of battery pack.
In step S30, the switch state of three bridge arms by controlling the inverter circuit 20 may be implemented described secondBattery pack 12 charges to the three-phase motor 30 first, and then electric two battery pack 12 and the three-phase motor 30 are together to instituteState the process of the first battery pack 11 charging.In this course, it removes outside necessary electric quantity consumption, overall performance is described secondBattery pack 12 charges to first battery pack 11.
In the present embodiment, the batteries of electric automobile heating means control the inversion electricity by first controller 50The opening and closing of three bridge arms on road 20 to complete energy output and the energy regenerating of said supply unit 10, and then makes the power supplyUnit 10 itself polarizes, to realize that the battery of said supply unit 10 controllably heats up.Function in the inverter circuit 20The maximum operating currenbt of the maximum operating currenbt of rate switching device 211 and the three-phase motor 30 is higher.The electric car electricityHigh-power heating may be implemented in pond heating means, effectively increases heating efficiency.The device for power switching 211 is as control memberPart, the three-phase motor 30 are used as energy-storage travelling wave tube.Without adding special heating element in battery heating process, thus reducePower system of electric automobile cost.The batteries of electric automobile heating means also achieve institute while heating the battery packState the electric quantity balancing between battery pack.
Fig. 6 is referred to, the driving circuit 100 further includes three-phase motor 30, the three-phase in one of the embodiments,Each phase bus of motor 30 connects the output end of a bridge arm；The three-phase motor 30 and second detection circuit 60Electrical connection.First bridge arm 21 is set as the first work bridge arm.One in second bridge arm 22 and the third bridge arm 23A bridge arm is set as the second work bridge arm.Another bridge arm in second bridge arm 22 and the third bridge arm 23 remains openState.In an alternative embodiment, the selection of the second work bridge arm determines that selection is connected to according to the rotor-position of motorThe bridge arm of the ac bus close from rotor orientation position is as the second work bridge arm.It is such to select in the process heated for battery packIn, the motion amplitude of rotor is smaller, the possibility of wheel movement when reducing parking heating.
The S20 is controlled after confirming that the electric car needs to carry out battery heating by first controller 50The inverter circuit 20, so that first battery pack 11 includes: the step of charging to second battery pack 12
S21 controls the upper bridge arm and second service bridge of the first work bridge arm by first controller 50The lower bridge arm of arm is connected, so that first battery pack 11 charges to the three-phase motor 30.
In step S21, the forward current of the three-phase motor 30 is increased, and as shown in Figure 8, electric current can be from position 0Rise to position 1.Curent change process meets following formula in step S21:
Wherein, E1For the first sub- battery open circuit voltage.R1For the first battery pack internal resistance.L is driving motor in heating processWorking inductance, RLFor the loop resistance in heating process.
Whether S22 detects the current amplitude in the three-phase motor 30 by second detection circuit 60 and is greater than or waitsIn target heated current upper threshold value.In step S22, the target heated current upper threshold value can performance according to battery, inversionThe flow-resistant capacity of switching power devices 211 in circuit 20 determines.
S23, when the current amplitude in the three-phase motor 30 is more than or equal to target heated current upper threshold value, by describedThe lower bridge arm that first controller 50 controls the second work bridge arm disconnects, and the upper bridge arm for controlling the second work bridge arm is ledIt is logical, so that first battery pack 11 and the three-phase motor 30 charge to second battery pack 12.
In step S23, first battery pack 11 and the three-phase motor 30 discharge, and second battery pack 12 charges.The forward current of the electricity three-phase motor 30 reduces.As shown in figure 8, electric current drops to position 2 from position 1.Electric current in step S23Change procedure meets following formula:
Wherein, E2For the second sub- battery open circuit voltage.R2For the second battery pack internal resistance.
The S23 passes through when the current amplitude in the three-phase motor 30 is more than or equal to target heated current upper threshold valueThe lower bridge arm that first controller 50 controls the second work bridge arm disconnects, and controls the upper bridge of the second work bridge armArm conducting, so as to be wrapped after the step of first battery pack 11 and the three-phase motor 30 charge to second battery pack 12It includes:
Detect whether the current amplitude in the three-phase motor 30 is less than or equal to target by second detection circuit 60Heated current lower threshold value.When the current amplitude in the three-phase motor 30 is less than or equal to target heated current lower threshold value, repeatStep S21-S23, until first battery pack 11 reaches first time threshold to 12 charging time of the second battery pack.Such asShown in Fig. 8, electric current is run from position 3 to position 3T+。
In the present embodiment, the switch state of three bridge arms by controlling the inverter circuit 20 may be implemented described theOne battery pack 11 charges to the three-phase motor 30 first, secondly, first battery pack 11 and the three-phase motor 30 are togetherThe process to charge to second battery pack 12.In this course, it removes outside necessary electric quantity consumption, the method reachesThe purpose that first battery pack 11 charges to second battery pack 12.
Fig. 7 is referred to, in one of the embodiments, the S30, when first battery pack 11 is to second batteryAfter 12 charging time of group reach first time threshold, the inverter circuit 20 is controlled by first controller 50, so that instituteIt states the second battery pack 12 to charge to first battery pack 11, said supply unit 10 itself occurs during charging and dischargingPolarization, so that the step of realizing the controllable heating of each battery pack in said supply unit 10 includes:
S31, by first controller 50 control it is described first work bridge arm lower bridge arm and second service bridgeThe upper bridge arm of arm is connected, so that second battery pack 12 charges to the three-phase motor 30.
In step S31, the forward current of the three-phase motor 30 drops to zero, forms the subsequent height of continuing rising of negative current.Such asShown in Fig. 8, electric current can be from position 3T+It runs to position 4.Curent change process meets following formula in step S31:
Wherein, E1For the first sub- battery open circuit voltage.R1For the first battery pack internal resistance.L is driving motor in heating processWorking inductance, RLFor the loop resistance in heating process.
S32 detects whether the current amplitude in the three-phase motor 30 is more than or equal to by second detection circuit 60Target heated current upper threshold value.In step S32, the target heated current upper threshold value can be electric according to the performance of battery, inversionThe flow-resistant capacity of switching power devices 211 in road 20 determines.
S33, when the current amplitude in the three-phase motor 30 is more than or equal to target heated current upper threshold value, by describedThe lower bridge arm that first controller 50 controls the first work bridge arm disconnects, and the upper bridge arm for controlling the first work bridge arm is ledIt is logical, so that second battery pack 12 and the three-phase motor 30 charge to first battery pack 11.
In step S33, second battery pack 12 and the three-phase motor 30 discharge, and first battery pack 11 charges.The negative current of the electricity three-phase motor 30 reduces.As shown in figure 8, electric current is run from position 4 to position 5.Electric current in step S33Change procedure meets following formula:
Wherein, E2For the second sub- battery open circuit voltage.R2For the second battery pack internal resistance.
The S33 passes through when the current amplitude in the three-phase motor 30 is more than or equal to target heated current upper threshold valueThe lower bridge arm that first controller 50 controls the first work bridge arm disconnects, and controls the upper bridge of the first work bridge armArm conducting, so as to be wrapped after the step of second battery pack 12 and the three-phase motor 30 charge to first battery pack 11It includes:
Detect whether the current amplitude in the three-phase motor 30 is less than or equal to target by second detection circuit 60Heated current lower threshold value.When the current amplitude in the three-phase motor 30 is less than or equal to target heated current lower threshold value, repeatStep S31-S33, until second battery pack 12 reaches second time threshold to 11 charging time of the first battery pack.
When the current amplitude when in the three-phase motor 30 is less than or equal to target heated current lower threshold value, step is repeatedS31-S33, until the step of second battery pack 12 reaches second time threshold to 11 charging time of the first battery packLater further include:
Whether it is less than drive threshold temperature by the battery core temperature that the battery management circuit 40 detects said supply unit 10Degree.When the battery core temperature is less than the drive threshold temperature, step S10-S30 is repeated, until the battery core temperature is greater thanEqual to the drive threshold temperature or receive heating halt instruction.
In the present embodiment, the switch state of three bridge arms by controlling the inverter circuit 20 may be implemented described theTwo battery packs 12 charge to the three-phase motor 30 first.Secondly, second battery pack 12 and the three-phase motor 30 are togetherThe process to charge to first battery pack 11.In this course, it removes outside necessary electric quantity consumption, the method reachesThe purpose to charge for second battery pack 12 to first battery pack 11.
The S10 in one of the embodiments, passes through the battery management circuit 40 before the electric car startingJudge whether the electric car needs the step of carrying out battery heating to include:
Whether it is less than drive threshold temperature by the battery core temperature that the battery management circuit 40 detects said supply unit 10Degree.When the battery core temperature is less than the drive threshold temperature, then confirm that the electric car needs to carry out battery heating.WhenWhen the battery core temperature is more than or equal to the drive threshold temperature, the electric car normally starts.
In the present embodiment, by the size relation for detecting the battery core temperature and drive threshold temperature, it can be determined that go out instituteState whether electric car needs to carry out Low-temp. electrothermal.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned realityIt applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not depositedIn contradiction, all should be considered as described in this specification.
The several embodiments of the application above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneouslyThe limitation to claim therefore cannot be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the artIt says, without departing from the concept of this application, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the protection of the applicationRange.Therefore, the scope of protection shall be subject to the appended claims for the application patent.