技术领域technical field
本发明涉及力学性能试验领域，具体涉及一种可模拟冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能的试验箱。The invention relates to the field of mechanical property tests, in particular to a test chamber capable of simulating the mechanical properties of test pieces under freeze-thaw temperature loads.
背景技术Background technique
冻融，是指土层由于温度降到零度以下和升至零度以上而产生冻结和融化的一种物理地质作用和现象。我国多属于季节性冻土类型，冬季冻结，夏季消融，冰对岩石裂隙两壁便产生巨大的压力；而当气温回升时，冰便融化，两壁受到的压力骤减，两壁遂向中央推回。在反覆的冻结和融化过程中，岩石的裂隙就会扩大、增多，以致石块被分割出来，这种作用叫冻融作用。Freezing and thawing refers to a physical geological action and phenomenon in which the soil layer freezes and thaws when the temperature drops below zero and rises above zero. Most of our country belongs to the type of seasonal frozen soil, which freezes in winter and melts in summer, and the ice exerts huge pressure on the two walls of rock cracks; when the temperature rises, the ice melts, the pressure on the two walls drops sharply, and the two walls move toward the center. push back. In the process of repeated freezing and thawing, the cracks in the rock will expand and increase, so that the stones will be separated. This effect is called freezing and thawing.
然而处于冻融环境中的各种构件承受着各种复杂荷载作用(静力荷载以及交变荷载)。实际上受冻融地区的构件一年遭受一次冻融循环，为了减少对受冻融区域构件力学性能的试验时间，现有技术中采用模拟真实环境的方法，用于快速模拟构件冻融温度载荷下的力学性能。However, various components in the freeze-thaw environment bear various complex loads (static load and alternating load). In fact, the components in the freeze-thaw area are subjected to a freeze-thaw cycle once a year. In order to reduce the test time for the mechanical properties of the components in the freeze-thaw area, the method of simulating the real environment is used in the prior art to quickly simulate the freeze-thaw temperature load of the components. The following mechanical properties.
目前对混凝土构件在冻融状态下进行疲劳试验的方法主要为，对混凝土构件进行冻融循环，完成既定次数冻融循环后，然后取出该构件，置于疲劳测试装置上，进行疲劳测试；然后使构件自然解冻，温度升至零度以上，再进行疲劳测试，这种做法只能实现对混凝土构件冻融后的疲劳测试，无法实时进行，因此，测试结果不够准确，对工程实际应用造成很大误差。At present, the method of carrying out the fatigue test on the concrete member in the freeze-thaw state is mainly to carry out the freeze-thaw cycle on the concrete member, after completing the predetermined number of freeze-thaw cycles, then take out the member, place it on the fatigue testing device, and carry out the fatigue test; then The components are naturally thawed, the temperature rises above zero, and then the fatigue test is carried out. This method can only realize the fatigue test of the concrete components after freezing and thawing, and cannot be carried out in real time. error.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提出一种可模拟冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能的试验箱，通过该试验箱不仅可实现在冻融温度载荷下试验的力学性能的试验，也可通过调整模拟在高低温、不同湿度、降雨及光照或不同环境状态下的力学性能试验，保证测试结果的准确，减小误差。For the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a test box that can simulate the mechanical properties of the test piece under the freeze-thaw temperature load, by which the test box can not only realize the test of the mechanical properties of the test under the freeze-thaw temperature load, It is also possible to ensure the accuracy of test results and reduce errors by adjusting and simulating mechanical performance tests under high and low temperature, different humidity, rainfall and light or different environmental conditions.
为了达到上述的目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种可模拟冻融温度下试件力学性能的试验箱，包括箱体本体，该试验箱包括温度控制系统、应力加载系统和用于模拟真实环境的环境模拟系统；所述温度控制系统包括制冷装置和加热装置，所述制冷装置和加热装置均位于箱体本体内壁；所述应力加载系统位于箱体本体的顶部且应力加载系统包括应力加载装置和试件固定端，所述应力加载装置位于箱体本体顶部外部，所述试件固定端与应力加载装置固定且延伸至箱体本体内部。A test box capable of simulating the mechanical properties of test pieces at freeze-thaw temperatures, comprising a box body, the test box includes a temperature control system, a stress loading system and an environment simulation system for simulating a real environment; the temperature control system includes a refrigeration device and heating device, the refrigeration device and the heating device are located on the inner wall of the box body; the stress loading system is located on the top of the box body and the stress loading system includes a stress loading device and a fixed end of the test piece, and the stress loading device is located at the top of the box body Outside the top of the box body, the fixed end of the test piece is fixed with the stress loading device and extends to the inside of the box body.
进一步的是，所述环境模拟系统包括湿度控制装置、环境控制装置、降雨模拟装置、光照模拟装置和空气循环装置；所述湿度控制装置和环境控制装置均位于箱体本体底部，空气循环装置位于箱体本体内部顶部，降雨模拟装置和光照模拟装置均位于箱体本体内部。Further, the environment simulation system includes a humidity control device, an environment control device, a rainfall simulation device, an illumination simulation device and an air circulation device; the humidity control device and the environment control device are located at the bottom of the box body, and the air circulation device is located at The top of the box body, the rainfall simulation device and the lighting simulation device are all located inside the box body.
进一步的是，所述制冷装置包括多个设置于箱体本体内壁中且均用于通入冷流体的冷流管，所述冷流管均匀分布在箱体本体内壁；所述加热装置包括多个设置于箱体本体内壁中且用于通入热气流的加热管，所述加热管均匀分布在箱体本体内壁且与各个冷流管分隔布置。Further, the refrigerating device includes a plurality of cold flow pipes arranged in the inner wall of the box body and are all used for passing in cold fluid, and the cold flow pipes are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the box body; the heating device includes multiple A heating pipe arranged in the inner wall of the box body and used for leading the hot air flow, the heating pipes are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the box body and separated from each cold flow pipe.
进一步的是，所述降雨模拟装置包括多个降雨模拟器及用于固定降雨模拟器的固定架，所述固定架呈圆环状且固定在箱体本体内侧壁顶部，多个降雨模拟器均匀分布在固定架上，所述降雨模拟器均固定在固定架上且围绕固定架转动，所述降雨模拟器均通过出水强度分为多种降雨模式。Further, the rainfall simulation device includes a plurality of rainfall simulators and a fixing frame for fixing the rainfall simulators, the fixing frame is in the shape of a ring and is fixed on the top of the inner wall of the box body, and the plurality of rainfall simulators are uniform Distributed on the fixed frame, the rainfall simulators are all fixed on the fixed frame and rotate around the fixed frame, and the rainfall simulators are divided into multiple rainfall modes according to the water outlet intensity.
进一步的是，所述光照模拟装置固定在箱体本体内部顶部且位于空气循环装置的内侧，所述光照模拟装置包括多个可调整光照强度的照射灯，多个照射灯呈环形阵列固定在箱体本体顶部。Further, the lighting simulation device is fixed on the top of the box body and is located inside the air circulation device. The lighting simulation device includes a plurality of illuminating lamps with adjustable light intensity. body top.
进一步的是，所述湿度控制系统包括雾化装置和鼓风干燥装置，所述雾化装置和鼓风干燥装置均固定在箱体本体外部底部，所述雾化装置和鼓风干燥装置分别通过管路连接至箱体本体内部；所述箱体本体底部设有空气对流孔；所述环境控制装置固定在箱体本体外部，所述环境控制装置通过管路连接至箱体本体内部，环境控制装置可往箱体本体内部通入酸性气体、碱性液体或腐蚀性气体。Further, the humidity control system includes an atomizing device and a blast drying device, both of which are fixed on the bottom outside the box body, and the atomizing device and the blast drying device pass through the The pipeline is connected to the inside of the box body; the bottom of the box body is provided with air convection holes; the environment control device is fixed outside the box body, and the environment control device is connected to the inside of the box body through pipelines, and the environment control The device can feed acid gas, alkaline liquid or corrosive gas into the box body.
进一步的是，所述吹风模拟装置包括三个吹风机，三个吹风机均位于该箱体本体内部后侧壁和两侧壁的中间，三个吹风机的外侧均设有风力控制旋钮，三个吹风机的出风口均设有改变竖直方向的风向的转动叶片；所述转动叶片通过铰链装置固定在出风口处。Further, the blowing simulation device includes three blowers, and the three blowers are all located in the middle of the rear side wall and the two side walls inside the box body, and the outer sides of the three blowers are equipped with wind control knobs, and the three blowers The air outlets are all provided with rotating blades for changing the wind direction in the vertical direction; the rotating blades are fixed at the air outlets through a hinge device.
进一步的是，所述箱体本体内部顶部设有让箱体本体内部空气均匀混合的空气循环装置、用于测量温度的温度探测器和用于测量湿度的湿度探测器。Further, the top of the box body is provided with an air circulation device for uniform mixing of the air inside the box body, a temperature detector for measuring temperature, and a humidity detector for measuring humidity.
进一步的是，所述箱体本体的侧壁设有侧开门，所述侧开门上设有透明板；该试验箱还包括对温度控制系统、应力加载系统和环境模拟系统进行控制的总控制器。Further, the side wall of the box body is provided with a side door, and a transparent plate is provided on the side door; the test box also includes a general controller for controlling the temperature control system, the stress loading system and the environment simulation system .
进一步的是，所述试件固定端的端部设有用于固定试件的球铰接座，所述球铰接座包括与试件相连的球座、球体、与应力加载装置相连的压紧杆和锁紧螺帽，所述球座上设有用于放置球体的球形槽，所述球形槽的开口宽度小于球体的直径，所述压紧杆固定在球体上，且压紧杆顶部与试件固定端通过锁紧螺帽进行固定；所述球形槽顶部设有用于保护球体的锁紧螺盖；所述球座为两端组合式结构，球座由两段相同的结构拼接而成。Further, the end of the fixed end of the test piece is provided with a ball hinge seat for fixing the test piece, and the ball hinge seat includes a ball seat connected with the test piece, a ball, a compression rod connected with the stress loading device and a lock Tighten the nut, the ball seat is provided with a spherical groove for placing a sphere, the opening width of the spherical groove is smaller than the diameter of the sphere, the compression rod is fixed on the sphere, and the top of the compression rod is connected to the fixed end of the test piece The lock nut is used for fixing; the top of the spherical groove is provided with a lock nut cover for protecting the ball; the ball seat is a two-end combined structure, and the ball seat is spliced by two sections of the same structure.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明提供的试验箱，箱体本体内用作被试验的试件在箱体本体内部模拟真实的冻融环境，并通过应力加载装置对试件加载各种类型的应力，达到在冻融环境下对试件进行力学性能试验的目的；设置于箱体本体中的制冷装置用于对箱体本体中的环境进行制冷，以得到冻融过程中的低温环境，同时通过总控制器控制制冷装置的启停或制冷温度，可使得箱体本体中的温度变化与试件实际工作环境下冻融过程的温度变化相适应；同时，加热装置可对箱体本体内部环境进行加热，以得到冻融过程中的高温环境，同时通过总控制器控制加热装置的启停和加热温度，可使得箱体本体中的温度变化与试件实际工作环境下冻融过程的温度变化相适应；从而使得试件温度变化的过程中，试件在持续受到应力载荷的同时，该试件所处的实验环境更接近于试件所要工作的真实环境，利于冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能模拟的准确性、利于提高冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能模拟的效率和便捷性；In the test box provided by the present invention, the test piece in the box body is used as the test piece to simulate the real freeze-thaw environment inside the box body, and various types of stress are loaded on the test piece through the stress loading device to achieve the test piece in the freeze-thaw environment. The purpose of carrying out the mechanical performance test on the specimen is as follows: the refrigeration device installed in the box body is used to cool the environment in the box body to obtain a low temperature environment during the freezing and thawing process, and at the same time control the refrigeration device through the general controller The start-stop or refrigeration temperature can make the temperature change in the box body adapt to the temperature change of the freeze-thaw process in the actual working environment of the specimen; at the same time, the heating device can heat the internal environment of the box body to obtain freeze-thaw In the high-temperature environment in the process, at the same time, the start-stop and heating temperature of the heating device are controlled by the general controller, so that the temperature change in the box body can adapt to the temperature change of the freeze-thaw process in the actual working environment of the test piece; thus making the test piece In the process of temperature change, while the specimen is continuously subjected to stress load, the experimental environment of the specimen is closer to the real environment in which the specimen will work, which is conducive to the accuracy of the mechanical performance simulation of the specimen under freeze-thaw temperature load, It is beneficial to improve the efficiency and convenience of the simulation of the mechanical properties of the specimen under the freeze-thaw temperature load;
通过环境模拟系统的湿度控制装置可对箱体本体内部试件所处环境的湿度进行控制，通过雾化装置往箱体本体内部通入雾化液以及通过鼓风干燥装置往箱体本体内部通入干燥气体，从而达到调整箱体本体内部湿度变化的目的，在不同时间点改变箱体本体中试件所处环境湿度的办法，让试件处在合理的湿度范围内，使得试件所处环境更接近于试件工作过程中的真实环境；The humidity control device of the environmental simulation system can control the humidity of the environment where the test piece inside the box body is located. Inject dry gas, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the humidity change inside the box body, and change the ambient humidity of the test piece in the box body at different time points, so that the test piece is in a reasonable humidity range, so that the test piece is in a reasonable humidity range. The environment is closer to the real environment in the working process of the specimen;
环境模拟系统的降雨模拟装置可通过对不同降雨模拟器的选择实现不同方向的降雨的模拟，并且各个降雨模拟器的转动可实现对不同角度降雨的模拟，各个降雨模拟器也可通过出水强度对所模拟的降雨的强度进行改变，从而模拟更加真实的降雨环境；环境模拟系统的光强模拟装置上的各个照射灯，可达到模拟自然光的目的，并且多个照射灯呈环形阵列固定在箱体本体顶部，可实现模拟试件各个方向分别或均接收不同强度光照的目的，从而能够模拟更加真实的光照环境；提高了冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能模拟准确性的目的；The rainfall simulation device of the environmental simulation system can realize the simulation of rainfall in different directions through the selection of different rainfall simulators, and the rotation of each rainfall simulator can realize the simulation of rainfall at different angles. The intensity of the simulated rainfall is changed to simulate a more realistic rainfall environment; each illumination lamp on the light intensity simulation device of the environmental simulation system can achieve the purpose of simulating natural light, and multiple illumination lamps are fixed on the box in a ring array The top of the body can simulate the purpose of receiving different intensities of light in all directions of the test piece, so as to simulate a more realistic light environment; improve the accuracy of the simulation of the mechanical properties of the test piece under the freeze-thaw temperature load;
通过环境模拟系统的环境控制装置可往箱体本体内部通入不同性质的液体，可根据不同的情况通入酸性液体、碱性液体或其他腐蚀性介质等，从而改变试件所处试验环境的酸性、碱性、腐蚀性等，从而使得试件所处的箱体本体内部的试验环境更加接近于真实的工作环境，达到进一步提升冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能模拟准确性的目的；Through the environmental control device of the environmental simulation system, liquids of different properties can be introduced into the interior of the box body, and acidic liquids, alkaline liquids or other corrosive media can be introduced according to different situations, thereby changing the test environment where the specimen is located. Acidic, alkaline, corrosive, etc., so that the test environment inside the box body where the test piece is located is closer to the real working environment, to further improve the accuracy of the mechanical performance simulation of the test piece under the freeze-thaw temperature load;
通过吹风模拟装置模拟试件在箱体本体中接收风吹的情况，三个吹风机可实现多个方向对试件的风吹的模拟，且可通过各个吹风机的转动叶片调整各个吹风机在竖直方向上的出风方向，从而模拟试件承受多种角度风向的环境，从而使得试件所处的箱体本体内部的试验环境接近于真实的环境，进一步提高了在冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能模拟准确性的目的；Through the blowing simulation device to simulate the situation that the test piece receives the wind blowing in the box body, the three blowers can realize the simulation of the wind blowing on the test piece in multiple directions, and the vertical direction of each blower can be adjusted through the rotating blades of each blower The direction of the wind on the upper side, thereby simulating the environment where the specimen is subjected to wind directions at various angles, so that the test environment inside the box body where the specimen is located is close to the real environment, and further improves the mechanical properties of the specimen under the freeze-thaw temperature load. performance simulation accuracy purposes;
在箱体本体内部，通过空气循环装置加快箱体本体内部空气的均匀混合，避免箱体本体内部出现局部温度过高、局部温度过低、局部湿度过高、局部湿度过低或环境分布不均匀的情况，进一步保证了冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能模拟准确性；并且，可通过温度探测器和湿度探测器分别对箱体本体内部的温度和湿度进行检测，总控制器通过温度探测器和湿度探测器的检测结果对温度控制系统和环境模拟系统进行控制，保证冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能模拟的准确；Inside the box body, the air circulation device is used to speed up the uniform mixing of the air inside the box body, so as to avoid local excessive temperature, local temperature too low, local humidity too high, local humidity too low or uneven environmental distribution inside the box body This further ensures the accuracy of the simulation of the mechanical properties of the specimen under freeze-thaw temperature loads; moreover, the temperature and humidity inside the box body can be detected through the temperature detector and the humidity detector, and the master controller can detect the temperature and humidity inside the box through the temperature detector. The temperature control system and the environmental simulation system are controlled by the detection results of the humidity detector to ensure the accuracy of the simulation of the mechanical properties of the specimen under the freeze-thaw temperature load;
设置的应力加载装置用于向试件上施加需要模拟的应力，以上应力加载装置用于向试件上加载拉应力、压应力、交变应力等，如采用气压缸、液压缸的活塞杆端部作用于试件上，采用由压电换能器、位移放大器串联，超声信号发生器作为压电换能器电能输入装置组成的应力加载装置等。以上系统可模拟试件冻融过程中试件温度变化的过程中对试件施加应力，相较于现有装置，由于更接近于试件真实工作环境，本系统测试结果准确，测试效率高。The set stress loading device is used to apply the stress that needs to be simulated on the test piece. The above stress loading device is used to load tensile stress, compressive stress, alternating stress, etc. on the test piece. For example, the piston rod end of a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder is used The part acts on the test piece, using a stress loading device composed of a piezoelectric transducer, a displacement amplifier connected in series, and an ultrasonic signal generator as the piezoelectric transducer power input device. The above system can simulate the stress applied to the specimen during the temperature change of the specimen during the freezing and thawing process. Compared with the existing device, because it is closer to the real working environment of the specimen, the test result of this system is accurate and the test efficiency is high.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的主视图；Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention;
图2是箱体本体的外部示意图；Fig. 2 is an external schematic diagram of the box body;
图3是球铰接座的示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a ball joint;
图4是降雨模拟装置的示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of rainfall simulation device;
图5是降雨模拟装置局部结构示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the rainfall simulation device;
图6是光照模拟装置的示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of an illumination simulation device;
图7是吹风机的出风口的结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the air outlet of the hair dryer;
图8是吹风机的出风口的侧视图；Fig. 8 is a side view of the air outlet of the hair dryer;
图9是该试验箱的控制流程图。Fig. 9 is a control flow chart of the test box.
图中：1、箱体本体；2、试件；3、应力加载装置；4、试件固定端；4-1、球座；4-2、球体；4-3、压紧杆；4-4、锁紧螺帽；5、冷流管；6、加热管；7、降雨模拟器；8、固定架；9、照射灯；10、雾化装置；11、鼓风干燥装置；12、环境控制装置；13、空气对流孔；14、空气循环装置；15、温度探测器；16、湿度探测器；17、透明板；18、吹风机；19、出风口；20、转动叶片；21、铰链装置。In the figure: 1, box body; 2, test piece; 3, stress loading device; 4, fixed end of test piece; 4-1, ball seat; 4-2, sphere; 4-3, compression rod; 4- 4. Lock nut; 5. Cold flow tube; 6. Heating tube; 7. Rainfall simulator; 8. Fixing frame; 9. Irradiation lamp; 10. Atomization device; 11. Blast drying device; Control device; 13. Air convection hole; 14. Air circulation device; 15. Temperature detector; 16. Humidity detector; 17. Transparent plate; 18. Hair dryer; 19. Air outlet; 20. Rotating blade; 21. Hinge device .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步阐述。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例1Example 1
在本实施例中，如图1所示，一种可模拟冻融温度下试件力学性能的试验箱，包括箱体本体1，该试验箱包括温度控制系统、应力加载系统和用于模拟真实环境的环境模拟系统；所述温度控制系统包括制冷装置和加热装置，所述制冷装置和加热装置均位于箱体本体1内壁；所述应力加载系统位于箱体本体1的顶部且应力加载系统包括应力加载装置3和试件固定端4，所述应力加载装置3位于箱体本体1顶部外部，所述试件固定端4与应力加载装置3固定且延伸至箱体本体1内部。In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a test box capable of simulating the mechanical properties of test pieces at freeze-thaw temperatures includes a box body 1, the test box includes a temperature control system, a stress loading system and a test box for simulating real The environmental simulation system of the environment; the temperature control system includes a refrigeration device and a heating device, and the refrigeration device and the heating device are located on the inner wall of the box body 1; the stress loading system is located on the top of the box body 1 and the stress loading system includes The stress loading device 3 and the test piece fixing end 4, the stress loading device 3 is located outside the top of the box body 1, the test piece fixing end 4 is fixed with the stress loading device 3 and extends to the inside of the box body 1.
实施例1所提出的试验箱在进行实施时，温度控制系统控制箱体本体1内部达到冻融温度条件，应力加载系统控制试件在箱体本体1内部处于冻融环境的同时承受着各种复杂荷载作用并进行力学性能试验，环境模拟系统用于模拟试件2在更加环境下的力学性能试验，进一步保证试件在冻融温度下力学性能试验的准确性。When implementing the test box proposed in Example 1, the temperature control system controls the inside of the box body 1 to reach the freeze-thaw temperature condition, and the stress loading system controls the test piece to withstand various conditions while the inside of the box body 1 is in a freeze-thaw environment. Complicated loads and mechanical performance tests are carried out. The environmental simulation system is used to simulate the mechanical performance tests of specimen 2 in a more environmental environment, further ensuring the accuracy of the mechanical performance tests of specimens at freeze-thaw temperatures.
实施例2Example 2
在本实施例中，如图1所示，一种可模拟冻融温度下试件力学性能的试验箱，包括箱体本体1，该试验箱包括温度控制系统、应力加载系统和用于模拟真实环境的环境模拟系统；所述温度控制系统包括制冷装置和加热装置，所述制冷装置和加热装置均位于箱体本体1内壁；所述应力加载系统位于箱体本体1的顶部且应力加载系统包括应力加载装置3和试件固定端4，所述应力加载装置3位于箱体本体1顶部外部，所述试件固定端4与应力加载装置3固定且延伸至箱体本体1内部。In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a test box capable of simulating the mechanical properties of test pieces at freeze-thaw temperatures includes a box body 1, the test box includes a temperature control system, a stress loading system and a test box for simulating real The environmental simulation system of the environment; the temperature control system includes a refrigeration device and a heating device, and the refrigeration device and the heating device are located on the inner wall of the box body 1; the stress loading system is located on the top of the box body 1 and the stress loading system includes The stress loading device 3 and the test piece fixing end 4, the stress loading device 3 is located outside the top of the box body 1, the test piece fixing end 4 is fixed with the stress loading device 3 and extends to the inside of the box body 1.
所述环境模拟系统包括湿度控制装置、环境控制装置12、降雨模拟装置、光照模拟装置、吹风模拟装置和空气循环装置14；所述湿度控制装置和环境控制装置均位于箱体本体1底部，空气循环装置14位于箱体本体1内部顶部，降雨模拟装置和光照模拟装置均位于箱体本体1内部。The environment simulation system includes a humidity control device, an environment control device 12, a rainfall simulation device, a lighting simulation device, a blowing simulation device and an air circulation device 14; the humidity control device and the environment control device are all located at the bottom of the box body 1, and the air The circulation device 14 is located at the top inside the box body 1 , and the rainfall simulation device and the illumination simulation device are both located inside the box body 1 .
在实施例2中，实施例2所提出的试验箱在进行实施时，温度控制系统控制箱体本体1内部达到冻融温度条件，能让箱体本体1内部的温度达到反复的升温或降温的目的，能让试件反复处于0℃以下或0℃以上，通过对制冷装置和加热装置的控制，能让箱体本体中的环境温度变化与实际工作环境下冻融过程的温度变化相适应，应力加载系统控制试件在箱体本体1内部加载各种复杂载荷并进行力学性能试验，环境模拟系统用于模拟试件在真实环境下的力学性能试验，进一步保证试件在冻融温度下力学性能试验的准确性，其中，湿度控制装置对试件在箱体本体内部的湿度状况进行控制，增大试件在进行力学性能试验时的湿度范围，模拟试件在多种湿度下冻融温度载荷下的应力性能检测，保证试验的准确度，环境控制装置12主要是用于改变箱体本体1内部的环境，可用于模拟箱体本体1内部为酸性环境、碱性环境或腐蚀性较强的其他环境，吹风模拟装置18让试件在箱体本体1内部模拟真实环境中吹风的效果，让试件的试验环境更加接近于试件所需要的真实工作环境，空气循环装置14主要是为了加强箱体本体1内部的空气均匀混合，让其更能模拟真实环境；降雨模拟装置和光照模拟装置对试件在箱体本体1中接受真实降雨和光照的模拟，进一步让试件的试验环境更加接近于试件所需要的真实工作环境。In embodiment 2, when the test box proposed in embodiment 2 is implemented, the temperature control system controls the inside of the box body 1 to reach the freeze-thaw temperature condition, so that the temperature inside the box body 1 can reach the temperature of repeated heating or cooling. The purpose is to allow the test piece to be repeatedly below 0°C or above 0°C. Through the control of the refrigeration device and the heating device, the ambient temperature change in the box body can be adapted to the temperature change during the freeze-thaw process in the actual working environment. The stress loading system controls the test piece to load various complex loads inside the box body 1 and conduct mechanical performance tests. The environmental simulation system is used to simulate the mechanical performance test of the test piece in a real environment, further ensuring the mechanical properties of the test piece at freeze-thaw temperatures. The accuracy of the performance test, in which the humidity control device controls the humidity of the test piece inside the box body, increases the humidity range of the test piece during the mechanical performance test, and simulates the freeze-thaw temperature of the test piece under various humidity The stress performance test under load ensures the accuracy of the test. The environmental control device 12 is mainly used to change the environment inside the box body 1, and can be used to simulate the acid environment, alkaline environment or strong corrosion inside the box body 1 In other environments, the blowing simulation device 18 allows the test piece to simulate the effect of blowing in the real environment inside the box body 1, so that the test environment of the test piece is closer to the real working environment required by the test piece. The air circulation device 14 is mainly for Strengthen the uniform mixing of the air inside the box body 1, so that it can better simulate the real environment; the rainfall simulation device and the light simulation device simulate the real rainfall and light for the test piece in the box body 1, and further make the test environment of the test piece It is closer to the real working environment required by the test piece.
在进行工作时，均匀分布在箱体本体1内壁的冷流管5可达到箱体本体内部处于低温环境(低于0℃)的目的，均匀分布在箱体本体1内壁的加热管6可达到箱体本体1内部处于高温环境(高于0℃)的目的，通过制冷装置的多个冷流管5和加热装置的多个加热管6，能让箱体本体1内部的温度达到反复的升温或降温的目的，能让试件反复处于0℃以下或0℃以上，从而让控制箱本体内部达到冻融温度的条件，通过对制冷装置和加热装置的控制，能让箱体本体1中的环境温度变化与实际工作环境下冻融过程的温度变化相适应，从而使得试件所处环境更加接近于真实的冻融环境，使得试验结果更加准备。When working, the cold flow pipes 5 evenly distributed on the inner wall of the box body 1 can achieve the purpose of keeping the inside of the box body in a low temperature environment (below 0°C), and the heating tubes 6 evenly distributed on the inner wall of the box body 1 can achieve The purpose of the inside of the box body 1 being in a high-temperature environment (higher than 0°C), through the multiple cold flow tubes 5 of the refrigeration device and the multiple heating tubes 6 of the heating device, the temperature inside the box body 1 can be repeatedly raised Or the purpose of lowering the temperature is to allow the test piece to be repeatedly below 0°C or above 0°C, so that the inside of the control box body can reach the freeze-thaw temperature condition. Through the control of the refrigeration device and the heating device, the temperature in the box body 1 can The environmental temperature change is adapted to the temperature change of the freeze-thaw process in the actual working environment, so that the environment of the test piece is closer to the real freeze-thaw environment, making the test results more prepared.
实施例3Example 3
在实施例3中，实施例3中的试验箱在实施例2的基础上进行改进，所述湿度控制系统包括雾化装置10和鼓风干燥装置11，所述雾化装置10和鼓风干燥装置11均固定在箱体本体1外部底部，所述雾化装置10和鼓风干燥装置11分别通过管路连接至箱体本体1内部；所述箱体本体1底部设有空气对流孔13；通过雾化装置10往箱体本体1内部通入雾化液，从而提高箱体本体1内部的湿度，通过鼓风干燥装置11往箱体本体1内部通入干燥气体，从而降低箱体本体1内部的湿度，进而通过雾化装置10、鼓风干燥装置11能及时、高效且准确地调整箱体本体1内部的湿度，增打箱体本体1内部的湿度范围，让箱体本体1中的试件能在冻融温度下的各种湿度条件下进行复杂的荷载试验，让试件处于更加真实的环境中，提高了试验的准确度。In embodiment 3, the test chamber in embodiment 3 is improved on the basis of embodiment 2, and described humidity control system comprises atomizing device 10 and blast drying device 11, and described atomizing device 10 and blast drying The devices 11 are all fixed on the bottom of the outside of the box body 1, and the atomization device 10 and the blast drying device 11 are respectively connected to the inside of the box body 1 through pipelines; the bottom of the box body 1 is provided with an air convection hole 13; Through the atomization device 10, the atomized liquid is passed into the inside of the box body 1, thereby increasing the humidity inside the box body 1, and the drying gas is passed into the inside of the box body 1 through the blast drying device 11, thereby reducing the humidity of the box body 1. The internal humidity, and then through the atomizing device 10 and the blast drying device 11, the humidity inside the box body 1 can be adjusted in a timely, efficient and accurate manner, and the humidity range inside the box body 1 can be increased to allow the humidity in the box body 1 The test piece can be subjected to complex load tests under various humidity conditions at freeze-thaw temperatures, allowing the test piece to be in a more realistic environment and improving the accuracy of the test.
所述降雨模拟装置可通过对不同降雨模拟器7的选择实现不同方向的降雨的模拟，并且各个降雨模拟器7的转动可实现对不同角度降雨的模拟，各个降雨模拟器7也可通过出水强度对所模拟的降雨的强度进行改变，从而模拟更加真实的降雨环境；环境模拟系统的光强模拟装置上的各个照射灯9，可达到模拟自然光的目的，并且多个照射灯9呈环形阵列固定在箱体本体1顶部，可实现模拟试件各个方向分别或均接收不同强度光照的目的，从而能够模拟更加真实的光照环境；提高了冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能模拟准确性的目的。The rainfall simulation device can realize the simulation of rainfall in different directions through the selection of different rainfall simulators 7, and the rotation of each rainfall simulator 7 can realize the simulation of rainfall at different angles, and each rainfall simulator 7 can also pass the water output intensity Change the intensity of the simulated rainfall to simulate a more realistic rainfall environment; each illumination lamp 9 on the light intensity simulation device of the environment simulation system can achieve the purpose of simulating natural light, and multiple illumination lamps 9 are fixed in a ring array On the top of the box body 1, the purpose of simulating that each direction of the test piece receives different intensities of light respectively or all can be achieved, so that a more realistic light environment can be simulated; the purpose of improving the accuracy of the simulation of the mechanical properties of the test piece under the freeze-thaw temperature load.
所述环境控制装置固定在箱体本体1外部，所述环境控制装置12通过管路连接至箱体本体1内部，环境控制装置可往箱体本体内部通入酸性气体、碱性液体或腐蚀性气体；在具体的试验过程中，可根据试件的具体需求，通过环境控制装置往箱体本体1内部通入酸性气体、碱性气体或其他腐蚀性介质，使得试件2在处于试验冻融温度及相应的湿度条件下，改变试件2所处试验环境的酸性、碱性及腐蚀性等，从而使得试件2所处试验环境更加接近于工作环境，进一步达到了提高冻融温度载荷下试件2力学性能的准确性及真实性。The environment control device is fixed outside the box body 1, and the environment control device 12 is connected to the inside of the box body 1 through pipelines, and the environment control device can pass acid gas, alkaline liquid or corrosive gas into the inside of the box body. Gas; in the specific test process, according to the specific needs of the test piece, acid gas, alkaline gas or other corrosive media can be introduced into the interior of the box body 1 through the environmental control device, so that the test piece 2 is in the freeze-thaw state of the test. Under the conditions of temperature and corresponding humidity, change the acidity, alkalinity and corrosiveness of the test environment where the test piece 2 is located, so that the test environment of the test piece 2 is closer to the working environment, and further achieve the improvement of the freeze-thaw temperature load. The accuracy and authenticity of the mechanical properties of specimen 2.
所述箱体本体1内部顶部设有让箱体本体1内部空气均匀混合的空气循环装置，通过空气循环制装置14可用于加强箱体本体1内部空气的匀混，保证试件2所处箱体本体1内部环境下的温度、湿度及其他环境的均匀度，保证试验的准确性。The top of the inside of the box body 1 is provided with an air circulation device that allows the air inside the box body 1 to be evenly mixed. The air circulation device 14 can be used to strengthen the uniform mixing of the air inside the box body 1 to ensure that the test piece 2 is placed in the box. The uniformity of temperature, humidity and other environments in the internal environment of the body body 1 ensures the accuracy of the test.
所述箱体本体1侧壁设有三个让试件2在箱体本体1内部模拟吹风环境的吹风机18，通过吹风模拟装置模拟试件2在箱体本体1中接收风吹的情况，三个吹风机18可实现多个方向对试件的风吹的模拟，且可通过各个吹风机18的转动叶片20调整各个吹风机18在竖直方向上的出风方向，从而模拟试件承受多种角度风向的环境，从而使得试件2所处的箱体本体1内部的试验环境接近于真实的环境，进一步提高了在冻融温度载荷下试件力学性能模拟准确性的目的；The side wall of the box body 1 is provided with three blowers 18 that allow the test piece 2 to simulate the blowing environment inside the box body 1, and simulate the situation that the test piece 2 receives wind blowing in the box body 1 through the blowing simulation device. The blower 18 can realize the simulation of the wind blowing of the test piece in multiple directions, and can adjust the air outlet direction of each blower 18 in the vertical direction through the rotating blades 20 of each blower 18, thereby simulating the test piece to withstand various angles of wind direction. environment, so that the test environment inside the box body 1 where the test piece 2 is located is close to the real environment, further improving the accuracy of the mechanical performance simulation of the test piece under the freeze-thaw temperature load;
为了方便对箱体本体1内部的温度及湿度进行实时监测与管理，所述箱体本体1内部顶部还设有用于测量温度的温度探测器15和用于测量湿度的湿度探测器16，温度探测器15和湿度探测器16将所探测到的数据信息显示在显示屏上，为工作人员的工作及试验数据记录提供了便利，并且温度探测器15和湿度探测器16所采集到的数据可直接以数字信号进行反馈，再次作用于温度控制系统或环境模拟系统，从而实现本系统的自动化运行。In order to facilitate real-time monitoring and management of the temperature and humidity inside the box body 1, the top of the box body 1 is also provided with a temperature detector 15 for measuring temperature and a humidity detector 16 for measuring humidity. The detector 15 and the humidity detector 16 display the detected data information on the display screen, which provides convenience for the staff's work and test data records, and the data collected by the temperature detector 15 and the humidity detector 16 can be directly The digital signal is used for feedback, and it acts on the temperature control system or the environment simulation system again, so as to realize the automatic operation of the system.
为了方便操作者对试验过程的观察，所述箱体本体1的侧开门上设有透明板17。In order to facilitate the operator to observe the test process, a transparent plate 17 is provided on the side door of the box body 1 .
该试验箱还包括对温度控制系统、应力加载系统和环境模拟系统进行控制的总控制器。The test chamber also includes a general controller for controlling the temperature control system, stress loading system and environment simulation system.
实施例4Example 4
在实施例4中，实施例4中的试验箱在实施例3的基础上做出改进，所述试件固定端4的端部设有用于固定试件的球铰接座，所述球铰接座包括与试件2相连的球座4-1、球体4-2、与应力加载装置3相连的压紧杆4-3和锁紧螺帽4-4，所述球座4-1上设有用于放置球体的球形槽，所述球形槽的开口宽度小于球体4-2的直径，所述压紧杆4-3固定在球体4-2上，且压紧杆4-3顶部与试件2固定端通过锁紧螺帽4-4进行固定；所述球形槽顶部设有用于保护球体的锁紧螺盖；所述球座为两端组合式结构，球座由两段相同的结构拼接而成。In Embodiment 4, the test box in Embodiment 4 is improved on the basis of Embodiment 3, and the end of the fixed end 4 of the test piece is provided with a ball hinge seat for fixing the test piece, and the ball hinge seat It includes a ball seat 4-1 connected to the test piece 2, a ball 4-2, a compression rod 4-3 connected to the stress loading device 3 and a lock nut 4-4. The ball seat 4-1 is provided with a In the spherical groove for placing the sphere, the opening width of the spherical groove is smaller than the diameter of the sphere 4-2, the compression rod 4-3 is fixed on the sphere 4-2, and the top of the compression rod 4-3 is in contact with the test piece 2 The fixed end is fixed by lock nut 4-4; the top of the spherical groove is provided with a lock nut cover for protecting the ball; the ball seat is a combined structure at both ends, and the ball seat is spliced by two sections of the same structure. to make.
该试验箱所设置的应力加载装置3用于向试件2上施加需要模拟的应力，可通过应力加载装置3向试件加载拉应力、压应力、交变应力等，如采用气压缸、液压缸的活塞杆端部作用于试件2上，采用由压电换能器、位移放大器串联，超声信号发生器作为压电换能器电能输入装置组成的应力加载装置等。以上系统可模拟试件冻融过程中试件温度变化的过程中对试件施加应力，相较于现有装置，由于更接近于试件真实工作环境，本系统测试结果准确，测试效率高。The stress loading device 3 provided in the test chamber is used to apply the stress that needs to be simulated on the test piece 2. The stress loading device 3 can be used to load tensile stress, compressive stress, alternating stress, etc. on the test piece. The end of the piston rod of the cylinder acts on the test piece 2, and a stress loading device composed of a piezoelectric transducer and a displacement amplifier connected in series, and an ultrasonic signal generator as the electric energy input device of the piezoelectric transducer is used. The above system can simulate the stress applied to the specimen during the temperature change of the specimen during the freezing and thawing process. Compared with the existing device, because it is closer to the real working environment of the specimen, the test result of this system is accurate and the test efficiency is high.
为提升对试件固定的稳固性和避免因为试件上应力集中或者偏心受力等情况，影响试件冻融温度载荷下力学性能实验结果的准确性，所述应力加载装置3的试件固定端4上还设置有球铰接座，所述球铰接座包括与试件相连的球座4-1、球体4-2、与应力加载装置3相连的压紧杆4-3和锁紧螺帽4-4，所述球座4-1上设有用于放置球体4-2的球形槽，所述球形槽的开口宽度小于球体4-2的直径，所述压紧杆4-3固定在球体上，且压紧杆4-3顶部与试件2固定端通过锁紧螺帽4-4进行固定；所述球形槽顶部设有用于保护球体4-2的锁紧螺盖4-5；所述球座4-1为两端组合式结构，球座由两段相同的结构拼接而成。In order to improve the stability of the fixation of the test piece and avoid situations such as stress concentration or eccentric force on the test piece, which will affect the accuracy of the experimental results of the mechanical properties of the test piece under freeze-thaw temperature loads, the test piece of the stress loading device 3 is fixed. The end 4 is also provided with a ball hinge seat, which includes a ball seat 4-1 connected with the test piece, a ball 4-2, a compression rod 4-3 connected with the stress loading device 3 and a lock nut 4-4, the ball seat 4-1 is provided with a spherical groove for placing the sphere 4-2, the opening width of the spherical groove is smaller than the diameter of the sphere 4-2, and the pressing rod 4-3 is fixed on the sphere , and the top of the compression rod 4-3 and the fixed end of the test piece 2 are fixed through the locking nut 4-4; the top of the spherical groove is provided with a locking screw cover 4-5 for protecting the sphere 4-2; the The above-mentioned ball seat 4-1 is a two-end combined structure, and the ball seat is formed by splicing two sections of the same structure.
以上球铰接座上，通过转动压紧杆改变应力加载装置的试件固定端与试件之间的距离，通过以上锁紧螺帽实现压紧杆与应力加载装置的试件固定端两者的固定连接，球体可在球形槽中转动的形式，便于改变球座相对于试件的倾斜角度，以在取得球座与试件最佳的作用点，以上作用点上球座与试件可采用直接接触、试件的另一端与箱体本体相互作用以对试件施加静应力，试若要进行疲劳试验，优选拆卸掉所述球铰接座，采用试件与应力加载装置固定连接的形式。On the above ball hinge seat, the distance between the fixed end of the test piece of the stress loading device and the test piece can be changed by rotating the compression rod, and the connection between the compression rod and the fixed end of the test piece of the stress loading device can be realized through the above locking nut. Fixed connection, the ball can rotate in the spherical groove, it is convenient to change the inclination angle of the ball seat relative to the test piece, so as to obtain the best action point between the ball seat and the test piece, the ball seat and the test piece at the above action points can be used Direct contact, the other end of the test piece interacts with the box body to apply static stress to the test piece. If the fatigue test is to be performed, it is preferable to dismantle the ball joint seat and use the form of fixed connection between the test piece and the stress loading device.
本实施例中，为避免在非人为情况下球体由球形槽中脱出，以上球形槽的开口宽度小于球体的直径，且球座为两段组合式结构，球形槽由球座的两段拼接而成，球座的两段采用螺栓连接，以便于在球座上安装球体。优选在箱体本体内部设置两个成正对关系的球铰接座，其中的一个球铰接座与应力加载装置相连，另一个球铰接座与箱体本体相连，以将试件固定于两个球铰接座之间进行冻融温度载荷情况下试件的力学性能试验。In this embodiment, in order to prevent the ball from coming out of the spherical groove under non-artificial conditions, the opening width of the above spherical groove is smaller than the diameter of the ball, and the ball seat is a two-section combined structure, and the spherical groove is formed by splicing two sections of the ball seat. As a result, the two sections of the ball seat are connected by bolts to facilitate the installation of the ball on the ball seat. It is preferable to set two ball joint seats in a positive relationship inside the box body, one of which is connected to the stress loading device, and the other ball joint seat is connected to the box body to fix the test piece on the two ball joints. The mechanical performance test of the specimen under the condition of freezing and thawing temperature load was carried out between the seats.
作为可对压力加载装置进行降温的技术方案，以利于延长本系统的使用寿命，还包括用于对应力加载装置进行冷却的制冷系统。As a technical solution for cooling the pressure loading device, in order to prolong the service life of the system, a refrigeration system for cooling the stress loading device is also included.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910357915.0ACN110095337A (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | The chamber of test specimen mechanical property under a kind of analog freeze thawing temperature loading |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910357915.0ACN110095337A (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | The chamber of test specimen mechanical property under a kind of analog freeze thawing temperature loading |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110095337Atrue CN110095337A (en) | 2019-08-06 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910357915.0APendingCN110095337A (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | The chamber of test specimen mechanical property under a kind of analog freeze thawing temperature loading |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN110095337A (en) |
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