技术领域technical field
本发明属于无线通信领域，具体涉及一种应用在一定覆盖区域异构蜂窝网络中对基站部署、频谱定价和蜂窝网络选择问题进行联合优化的资源分配算法，能够在保证蜂窝服务质量的基础上对基站、频谱资源及用户设备之间的匹配进行优化，获得更好的效用，有效地解决用户配对和频谱定价问题。The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and in particular relates to a resource allocation algorithm for joint optimization of base station deployment, spectrum pricing, and cellular network selection in a heterogeneous cellular network in a certain coverage area, which can ensure cellular service quality. The matching between base stations, spectrum resources and user equipment is optimized to obtain better utility and effectively solve the problems of user pairing and spectrum pricing.
背景技术：Background technique:
随着全球流量的巨大增长，用户数据量和可用带宽之间的差距越来越大，网络运营商正在努力处理大型网络中的数据危机。其中，由室外向室内移动通信的转变，正是采用毫微微蜂窝网络共享宏蜂窝网络资源方法的主要驱动力。异构网络产生的目标是改善全球覆盖范围，提高整体网络容量，同时为用户提供高效的接入方式到具有特定收费机制的蜂窝资源。With the huge growth of global traffic and the widening gap between user data volume and available bandwidth, network operators are struggling to deal with the data crisis in large-scale networks. Among them, the transition from outdoor to indoor mobile communication is the main driving force for adopting femtocell network to share macrocellular network resources. The goal of heterogeneous network generation is to improve global coverage and increase overall network capacity, while providing users with efficient access methods to cellular resources with specific charging mechanisms.
异构网络可以满足对用户所需数据量日益增长的需求，其中，宏蜂窝网络可以提供在大规模覆盖范围中传输速率较低的服务，而毫微微蜂窝网络可以提供在较小覆盖范围中较高传输速率的服务，并且改善了室内覆盖的质量。由于毫微微基站可以放置于建筑物内，利用已有的有线回程连接到网络，因此，毫微微蜂窝网络的运营和投资成本比宏蜂窝网络低，其为运营商节省的费用可用于为用户提供更为经济高效的服务。Heterogeneous networks can meet the increasing demand for the amount of data required by users, among which macrocellular networks can provide services with lower transmission rates in large-scale coverage areas, while femtocellular networks can provide services with lower transmission rates in smaller coverage areas. High transmission rate service and improved indoor coverage quality. Since femto base stations can be placed in buildings and connected to the network using existing wired backhaul, the operating and investment costs of femtocell networks are lower than those of macrocellular networks, and the savings for operators can be used to provide users with More cost-effective service.
而当广泛覆盖部署毫微微蜂窝网络时，在宏蜂窝和毫微微蜂窝之间以及毫微微蜂窝本身之间有可能会造成信道干扰，从而降低了整个系统的性能。这时，可以利用频谱管理，通过使用多个载波，以便物联网设备能够以更高的速率在更宽的带宽上传输数据。毫微微蜂窝可以根据不同载波上的干扰强度动态选择载波子集，有效地抑制宏毫微微网络和毫微微网络自身之间的干扰。However, when the femtocell network is widely deployed, channel interference may be caused between the macrocell and the femtocell and between the femtocell itself, thereby degrading the performance of the entire system. At this point, spectrum management can be used to allow IoT devices to transmit data at higher rates over wider bandwidths by using multiple carriers. Femto cells can dynamically select carrier subsets according to the interference intensity on different carriers, effectively suppressing the interference between the macro-femto network and the femto network itself.
在以往的异构网络研究工作中，往往只是考虑了基于频谱分配技术方面的异构蜂窝网络，而没有考虑到涉及到经济模型的频谱分配。为了在取得较好的效用的前提下，保证异构蜂窝网络的服务质量，需要根据用户的选择，合理地对宏蜂窝网络及毫微微蜂窝网络进行定价。In the previous research work on heterogeneous networks, the heterogeneous cellular network based on spectrum allocation technology was often considered, but the spectrum allocation related to the economic model was not considered. In order to ensure the quality of service of the heterogeneous cellular network under the premise of obtaining better utility, it is necessary to reasonably price the macrocellular network and the femtocellular network according to the user's choice.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明首先模拟了用户设备在异构蜂窝网络中选择基站的场景，以最优化异构蜂窝网络的效用和最大化运营商的效益为目标，提出了一种基于定价解决用户和蜂窝网络的匹配以及频谱分配问题的效用优化算法。该算法考虑到蜂窝设备的服务质量需求，在保证蜂窝质量的服务质量的前提下，优化用户、蜂窝网络和频谱资源之间的匹配，快速解决各蜂窝网络之间的频谱分配问题，并取得最大化的效用以及更高的运营商收入。具体过程如下：The present invention firstly simulates the scene where the user equipment selects the base station in the heterogeneous cellular network, and aims at optimizing the utility of the heterogeneous cellular network and maximizing the benefit of the operator, and proposes a pricing-based solution to match the user and the cellular network And a utility optimization algorithm for the spectrum allocation problem. The algorithm takes into account the quality of service requirements of cellular equipment, optimizes the matching between users, cellular networks and spectrum resources on the premise of ensuring the quality of service of cellular equipment, and quickly solves the problem of spectrum allocation among cellular networks, and achieves the maximum optimized utility and higher operator revenue. The specific process is as follows:
1)图1为通信系统模型图，模型为异构蜂窝网络的通信系统，由一个大功率结点(HPN)，一个小功率结点(LPN)及多个用户设备(CUEs)组成，HPN能覆盖较大范围，LPN覆盖较小范围。CUEs的接入模型可以分为开放接入和封闭接入两大类，在开放接入模型中，未被LPN授权的CUE也能接入LPN；而在封闭模型中，只有被授权的CUE才能接入LPN，未授权的CUE只能选择接入HPN。本系统采用开放接入模型，每个CUE都能够在附近的HPN和LPN之间切换，从而根据其提供的定价来选择收益较高的结点。考虑到CUE的决策，需调整运营商对蜂窝网络的定价策略，从而使其收益最大。1) Figure 1 is a communication system model diagram. The model is a communication system of a heterogeneous cellular network, which consists of a high-power node (HPN), a low-power node (LPN) and multiple user equipments (CUEs). The HPN can Covers a larger area, LPN covers a smaller area. The access model of CUEs can be divided into two categories: open access and closed access. In the open access model, CUEs that are not authorized by the LPN can also access the LPN; in the closed model, only authorized CUEs can access the LPN. To access LPN, unauthorized CUE can only choose to access HPN. This system adopts an open access model, and each CUE can switch between nearby HPN and LPN, so as to select a node with higher income according to the pricing provided by it. Considering the decision of CUE, it is necessary to adjust the operator's pricing strategy for the cellular network so as to maximize its benefits.
在系统中，假定CUE的效用函数与接入结点分配的可用带宽成正比，采用对数的形式来表示所获得的效用与所分配的带宽之间的关系，从而反映随着所分配的带宽增加，效用的单位增量减小。基于以上模型，分别由HPN和LPN服务的 CUEs的效用函数可以表示为：In the system, it is assumed that the utility function of CUE is proportional to the available bandwidth allocated by the access node, and the logarithmic form is used to express the relationship between the obtained utility and the allocated bandwidth, so as to reflect that as the allocated bandwidth increases, the unit increment of utility decreases. Based on the above model, the utility function of CUEs served by HPN and LPN respectively can be expressed as:
式中的和表示HPN和LPN服务的CUEs的效用函数，和表示HPN 和LPN服务所占的比例，在带宽相同的情况下，若则CUE更倾向于选择HPN，和表示HPN和LPN分配给CUEs的带宽，且和的函数为和其中，BH和BL表示HPN和LPN的总可用带宽，和表示HPN和LPN服务的总CUEs。in the formula and denote the utility function of CUEs served by HPN and LPN, and Indicates the proportion of HPN and LPN services, in the case of the same bandwidth, if Then CUE is more inclined to choose HPN, and Indicates the bandwidth allocated to CUEs by HPN and LPN, and and The function is and where BH andBL represent the total available bandwidth of HPN and LPN, and Indicates total CUEs for HPN and LPN services.
2)当HPN或LPN的服务价格低于CUE的预估时，每种CUE都能选择连接附近的HPN或LPN，其公式表示为：2) When the service price of HPN or LPN is lower than the estimate of CUE, each type of CUE can choose to connect to a nearby HPN or LPN, and the formula is expressed as:
式中，和表示HPN和LPN收取的服务价格。在运营商提供稳定服务时，需要保证CUEs在流量和连接结点之间切换时，没有受到干扰，其公式表示为：In the formula, and Indicates the price for services charged by HPNs and LPNs. When operators provide stable services, it is necessary to ensure that CUEs are not disturbed when switching between traffic and connection nodes. The formula is expressed as:
将效用函数的公式带入得：Substituting the formula for the utility function into:
连接到HPN和LPN的CUEs总数可表示为：The total number of CUEs connected to HPNs and LPNs can be expressed as:
结合上述两式，推导得：Combining the above two formulas, we can derive:
带入上述式子可得效用函数为：Substituting the above formula, the utility function can be obtained as:
联立方程组可得，CUEs连接到HPN和LPN的条件方程为：The simultaneous equations can be obtained, and the conditional equations for connecting CUEs to HPN and LPN are:
代表运营商的总收入，其函数表达式为： Represents the total income of the operator, and its function expression is:
为优化运营商的总收入，需要建立针对HPN和LPN的定价策略模型，其函数表达式为：In order to optimize the total revenue of operators, it is necessary to establish a pricing strategy model for HPN and LPN, and its function expression is:
式中，条件C1保证接入到HPN和LPN的CUE不为负数。In the formula, condition C1 ensures that the CUE connected to HPN and LPN is not a negative number.
3)在以上所提到的问题中，当CUEs连接至HPN或LPN时，运营商的最优收入可以通过定价的最优求得。3) In the above-mentioned problem, when CUEs are connected to HPN or LPN, the operator's optimal revenue can be obtained through the optimization of pricing.
a)当时，运营商的总收入达到最大。证明过程如下：a) when When , the operator's total income reaches the maximum. The proof process is as follows:
首先，假设当时，即且在这种情况下，服务提供商可以通过将HPN和LPN的服务价格分别提高到最多和来获得更多的收入，而不减少连接的CUE的总数。因此，在条件下获得最优收入的假设不成立。First, suppose that when when and In this case, the service provider can increase the service price of HPN and LPN respectively by up to and to earn more revenue without reducing the total number of connected CUEs. Thus, in The assumption of obtaining the optimal income under the conditions does not hold.
其次，假设当时，即且在这种情况下，CUEs 的净收益为负，这与定价策略的前提不符合。因此，在条件下获得最优收入的假设也不成立。Second, suppose that when when and In this case, the net benefit of CUEs is negative, which is inconsistent with the premise of the pricing strategy. Thus, in The assumption of obtaining the optimal income under the conditions is also not valid.
因此，当时，运营商能达到最优净收益，且不等式约束C1可以简化为一个等式约束，原始最优价格问题可简化为如下函数：Therefore, when When , the operator can achieve the optimal net income, and the inequality constraint C1 can be simplified as an equality constraint, and the original optimal price problem can be simplified as the following function:
b)该函数为凸函数，因此可以使用KKT的条件就求解最优价格，其拉格朗日表达式为：b) This function is a convex function, so the optimal price can be solved using KKT conditions, and its Lagrangian expression is:
式中，λc为拉格朗日乘子，在KKT条件，可得如下方程组：In the formula, λc is the Lagrangian multiplier, under the KKT condition, the following equations can be obtained:
求解得：Solved:
由于方程左边第二项为正数，因此，Since the second term on the left side of the equation is a positive number, therefore,
化简接入HPN和LPN的CUEs数量的表达式，如下：Simplify the expression for the number of CUEs connected to HPN and LPN, as follows:
定义运营商的总收入为关于CUEs接入总数的函数，其表达式如下：Define the operator's total revenue as a function of the total number of CUEs accessed, and its expression is as follows:
该函数的二阶求导为负数，因此总收入是关于nc的凸函数，因此，求解最优收入可以转化为求解该函数的一阶导数为零的情况，其表达式如下：The second order derivative of this function is negative, so the total income is a convex function about nc . Therefore, solving the optimal income can be transformed into solving the case where the first order derivative of this function is zero, and the expression is as follows:
令CUEs的总数为Nc，其包含接入及未接入网络结点的所有用户设备，HPN 和LPN能接入的最优CUEs数量为如下表达式：Let the total number of CUEs be Nc , which includes all user equipments accessing and not accessing network nodes, and the optimal number of CUEs that HPN and LPN can access is the following expression:
HPN和LPN对应的最佳定价函数为如下表达式：The optimal pricing function corresponding to HPN and LPN is the following expression:
因此，当HPN和LPN能接入的最优CUEs数量大于CUEs总数时，所有潜在的CUEs都能以价格为接入网络；而当HPN和LPN能接入的最优CUEs数量小于CUEs总数时，HPN和LPN将会选择定价为1来最大化运营商的收入。Therefore, when the optimal number of CUEs that HPN and LPN can access is greater than the total number of CUEs, all potential CUEs can be priced at access network; and when the optimal number of CUEs that HPN and LPN can access is less than the total number of CUEs, HPN and LPN will choose a price of 1 to maximize the revenue of the operator.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1是通信系统结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication system.
图2是CUEs接入网络的总数对定价策略的选择列表建立过程。Figure 2 is the process of establishing the selection list of the total number of CUEs accessing the network and the pricing strategy.
图3是本发明提出的基于用户决策的总效用算法在CUEs总数处于600到800区间内运营商总收入与小功率结点之间的关系Fig. 3 is the total utility algorithm based on user decision-making proposed by the present invention, when the total number of CUEs is in the range of 600 to 800, the relationship between the operator's total revenue and the low-power nodes
图4是本发明提出的基于用户决策的总效用算法在CUEs总数处于900到1100 区间内运营商总收入与大功率结点之间的关系Fig. 4 is the relationship between the operator's total income and high-power nodes in the total utility algorithm based on user decision-making proposed by the present invention when the total number of CUEs is in the range of 900 to 1100
图5是本发明提出的基于用户决策的总效用算法中运营商总收入与CUEs可被接入总数之间的关系Fig. 5 is the relationship between the operator's total income and the total number of CUEs that can be accessed in the total utility algorithm based on user decision-making proposed by the present invention
图6是本发明提出的基于用户决策的总效用算法中小功率结点总收入与小功率定价之间的关系Figure 6 is the relationship between the total income of low-power nodes and low-power pricing in the total utility algorithm based on user decision-making proposed by the present invention
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的实施方式分为两个步骤，第一步为建立模型，第二步为算法的实施。其中，建立的模型如图1所示，它和发明内容中异构蜂窝网络的通信系统的介绍完全对应；而算法的实施过程由图2给出，它和发明内容中基于理性用户决策的运营商最大收入算法步骤完全对应。图1是异构蜂窝网络的通信系统的结构示意图；图2是算法的流程图。The embodiment of the present invention is divided into two steps, the first step is to build a model, and the second step is to implement the algorithm. Among them, the established model is shown in Figure 1, which completely corresponds to the introduction of the communication system of the heterogeneous cellular network in the content of the invention; and the implementation process of the algorithm is shown in Figure 2, which is consistent with the operation based on rational user decision The steps of the quotient maximum income algorithm correspond exactly. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system of a heterogeneous cellular network; Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an algorithm.
1)对于系统模型，用户设备可以连接到附近的HPN或LPN，在蜂窝网络与其流量的切换中不会受到干扰，假设用户会根据蜂窝网络提供的带宽及其定价之间的效益来选择适用于自身的蜂窝网络。在考虑用户设备采取了最佳选择的情况下，使运营商的总收益最大。基于用户的选择，运营商需对HPN和LPN进行合理的定价，使得在该价格下，运营商可以得到最优收入。由于能够接入HPN和 LPN的用户设备是有限的，即不是所有的CUEs都能够接入蜂窝网络中，需要考虑在不同的允许接入用户数情况下对HPN和LPN的定价。将允许接入用户设备总数分为两种情况，即CUEs总数大于允许接入总数和CUEs总数小于允许接入总数，分别讨论基于此两种情况下总效用与定价的关系。1) For the system model, the user equipment can be connected to a nearby HPN or LPN, and will not be disturbed in the handover between the cellular network and its traffic. It is assumed that the user will choose the applicable network based on the bandwidth provided by the cellular network and its pricing benefits own cellular network. Considering that the user equipment has adopted the best option, the total profit of the operator is maximized. Based on the user's choice, the operator needs to set a reasonable price for the HPN and LPN, so that the operator can obtain the optimal income at this price. Since the user equipment that can access HPN and LPN is limited, that is, not all CUEs can access the cellular network, it is necessary to consider the pricing of HPN and LPN under the circumstances of different numbers of users allowed to access. The total number of user equipments allowed to access is divided into two cases, that is, the total number of CUEs is greater than the total number of allowed accesses and the total number of CUEs is less than the total number of allowed accesses, and the relationship between total utility and pricing based on these two cases is discussed respectively.
2)为了解决上述问题，首先要解决用户设备的效用和定价之间的关系，在这个问题中，对两者建立对数关系，可以很好地进行仿真。其次要解决运营商总收入和定价与用户设备的关系，由于该函数是凸函数，因此可适用于KKT的情况，求出该函数的拉格朗日乘子来求得最优定价。2) In order to solve the above problems, the relationship between utility and pricing of user equipment must be solved first. In this problem, a logarithmic relationship between the two can be well simulated. Secondly, it is necessary to solve the relationship between the operator's total revenue and pricing and user equipment. Since this function is a convex function, it can be applied to the KKT situation, and the Lagrangian multiplier of this function can be obtained to obtain the optimal pricing.
对于本发明，我们进行了大量仿真。图3为运营商总收入基于较少的CUEs 总数随着LPN定价增加的变化图。其中，总收入随服务定价先增加后减少，随着CUEs的总数增大而单调递增。在这种情况下，毫微微网络的最优价格在1.3 左右，因为当LPN收取的服务价格超过预期时，CUE转而与HPN连接。图4 为运营商总收入基于较多的CUEs总数随着LPN定价增加的变化图。当CUE总数超过900时，毫微微网络价格与LPN收取的服务价格之间的关系。其中，总收入随CUE数量单调增加，而随着LPN定价先增加后减小。当定价达到一定程度时，总收入便与CUEs的总数无关，因为可接入蜂窝网络的用户设备数是有限的，即使CUEs的总数增加，也无法再接入蜂窝网络中。图5为运营商总收入与允许接入的用户设备总数的关系，随着允许接入总数的增加，运营商总收入单调递增，在相同定价的情况下，数量越多收入越高。图6为LPN总收入与LPN定价的关系，LPN总收入随着的增大而增大，因为越大代表CUEs更倾向于选择LPN。For the present invention, we performed extensive simulations. Figure 3 shows the change of the total revenue of operators based on the total number of less CUEs with the increase of LPN pricing. Among them, the total revenue first increases and then decreases with service pricing, and monotonically increases with the total number of CUEs. In this case, the optimal price for the femto network is around 1.3, because when the service price charged by the LPN is higher than expected, the CUE connects to the HPN instead. Figure 4 shows the change of the total revenue of operators based on the total number of CUEs with the increase of LPN pricing. The relationship between Femto network prices and service prices charged by LPNs when the total number of CUEs exceeds 900. Among them, the total revenue increases monotonously with the number of CUEs, and increases first and then decreases with the LPN pricing. When the pricing reaches a certain level, the total revenue has nothing to do with the total number of CUEs, because the number of user equipments that can access the cellular network is limited, and even if the total number of CUEs increases, they cannot be connected to the cellular network anymore. Figure 5 shows the relationship between the operator's total revenue and the total number of user equipment allowed to access. As the total number of allowed access increases, the operator's total revenue increases monotonically. Under the same pricing, the more the number, the higher the revenue. Figure 6 shows the relationship between the total income of LPN and the pricing of LPN. The total income of LPN increases with the increases with the increase of A larger value means that CUEs are more inclined to choose LPN.
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的具体实施和附图，其目的在于帮助理解本发明的内容并据以实施，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明及所附的权利要求的精神和范围内，各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的。因此，本发明不应局限于最佳实施例和附图所公开的内容，本发明要求保护的范围以权利要求书界定的范围为准。Although the specific implementation and drawings of the present invention are disclosed for the purpose of illustration, the purpose is to help understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, but those skilled in the art can understand that: without departing from the present invention and the appended claims Various alternatives, changes and modifications are possible within the spirit and scope. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the content disclosed in the preferred embodiments and drawings, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810075352.1ACN110087245A (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2018-01-26 | Heterogeneous network base station deployment and frequency spectrum pricing scheme based on optimal utility |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810075352.1ACN110087245A (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2018-01-26 | Heterogeneous network base station deployment and frequency spectrum pricing scheme based on optimal utility |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110087245Atrue CN110087245A (en) | 2019-08-02 |
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| CN201810075352.1APendingCN110087245A (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2018-01-26 | Heterogeneous network base station deployment and frequency spectrum pricing scheme based on optimal utility |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20190802 |