技术领域：Technical field:
本发明属于土木工程材料性能测试方法技术领域，涉及一种混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量方法，基于交流电直观且快速的测量混凝土抗氯离子渗透性。The invention belongs to the technical field of performance testing methods for civil engineering materials, and relates to a method for measuring the resistance to chloride ion permeability of concrete, which can intuitively and quickly measure the resistance to chloride ion permeability of concrete based on alternating current.
背景技术：Background technique:
建筑工程中的混凝土结构构件在服役的生命周期内，在经受冻融、碳化、酸碱腐蚀或碱-骨料反应的影响下，使用功能和结构安全会遭到破坏；自20世纪60年代以来，混凝土的耐久性问题越来越受到专家学者的重视，是当前土木工程界不容忽视的问题之一；经过多年研究发现，影响混凝土耐久性的各种破坏机理都与混凝土的渗透性有关：A.M.内维尔指出：“为了得到耐久的混凝土，必须相应的提高抗渗性。”，这一思想在诸多文献中得以体现，混凝土的渗透性越低，其抵抗水和侵蚀性介质侵入的能力就越低，所以，渗透性(或称抗渗性)是评价混凝土耐久性的重要指标；混凝土的渗透性是指气体、液体或离子受压力、化学势或电场作用在混凝土中渗透、扩散或迁移的难易程度。During the service life cycle of concrete structural components in construction projects, under the influence of freezing and thawing, carbonization, acid-base corrosion or alkali-aggregate reaction, the use function and structural safety will be damaged; since the 1960s , the durability of concrete has been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars, and it is one of the problems that cannot be ignored in the current civil engineering field; after years of research, it has been found that various failure mechanisms affecting the durability of concrete are related to the permeability of concrete: A.M. Neville pointed out: "In order to obtain durable concrete, the impermeability must be increased accordingly." This idea is reflected in many literatures, the lower the permeability of concrete, the better its ability to resist the intrusion of water and aggressive media Therefore, permeability (or impermeability) is an important indicator for evaluating the durability of concrete; the permeability of concrete refers to the penetration, diffusion or migration of gas, liquid or ion in concrete under the action of pressure, chemical potential or electric field. Degree of difficulty.
目前，测量混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的方法包括电通量法和快速氯离子迁移系数法(RCM)：电通量法是由Whiting提出，并发展为美国的AASHTO T277和ASTM C1202两个标准，是目前国际上最流行的混凝土渗透性快速评价方法之一，该法也被我国现行标准《普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法标准(GB/T 20082-2009)》采用，该方法的具体流程是在试件两侧的有机玻璃注液池中分别注入At present, the methods for measuring the resistance to chloride ion permeability of concrete include electric flux method and rapid chloride ion migration coefficient method (RCM). It is one of the most popular rapid evaluation methods for concrete permeability in the world. It is injected into the plexiglass liquid injection pools on both sides of the specimen respectively.
0.3mol/L的NaOH和3％的NaCl溶液，试件经真空饱水后两端加60V的直流电压，Cl-在电场和浓度差的作用下加速扩散，测量6h内通过混凝土试件的总电量(库仑)，总电量大小跟Cl-的渗透性相关，单位时间内通过试件的电量越大，混凝土的渗透性就越大；该方法操作简便，但施加60V的高直流电压产生的极化反应，会使溶液温度升高，影响试验结果，如果降低试验电压，又会大大延长试验的时间；RCM方法是德国氯离子电迁移快速试验方法发展中的一种版本，而且已先后被瑞士SLA262/1-2003标准和德国BAW标准草案(2004.05)采纳。经过多年的发展，RCM法在国际上被认为是当前测量在非稳态下氯离子扩散系数较为精确的试验方法之一，其虽然简单实用、测试准确，但是要求试件的骨料粒径不得大于25mm，封装过程繁琐，试验时间随试件的不同而变化；此外，史美伦等采用交流阻抗谱评价离子在其中的扩散阻抗的试验设备昂贵，试验步骤复杂。0.3mol/L NaOH and 3% NaCl solution, after the sample is saturated with water in vacuum, a DC voltage of 60V is applied to both ends, and Cl- accelerates the diffusion under the action of the electric field and the concentration difference, and the total amount of passing through the concrete sample within 6h is measured. Electricity (coulomb), the total electric quantity is related to the permeability of Cl-, the greater the electric quantity passing through the specimen per unit time, the greater the permeability of concrete; this method is easy to operate, but the extremely high DC voltage of 60V is applied. The chemical reaction will increase the temperature of the solution and affect the test results. If the test voltage is reduced, the test time will be greatly prolonged; the RCM method is a version of the German chloride ion electromigration rapid test method developed, and has been successively adopted by Switzerland. SLA262/1-2003 standard and German BAW standard draft (2004.05) adopted. After years of development, the RCM method is internationally recognized as one of the most accurate test methods for measuring the chloride ion diffusion coefficient under unsteady state. If it is larger than 25mm, the packaging process is cumbersome, and the test time varies with the test piece; in addition, the test equipment used by Shi Meilun to evaluate the diffusion impedance of ions in it using AC impedance spectroscopy is expensive and the test steps are complicated.
中国专利201811612536.3公开的一种小芯样法检测混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的方法具体包括如下步骤：①芯样的钻取：在实体构件中钻取直径在70-75mm、长度为70-300mm的芯样，精确测量芯样直径；②芯样加工：芯样加工采用下述灌浆料扩径法或硅胶扩容法；1)灌浆料扩径法：配制高强、密实的灌浆料、将芯样置于内径为100mm的模具中心，将灌浆料浆体灌入模具中，模具成型24h后拆模、养护，养护结束后由试件表面向内切割48mm，然后对试件上下表面磨平处理，形成直径为100mm、高度为50mm的标准试件，完成混凝土试件的制作；2)硅胶扩容法：将小芯样由试件表面向内切割48mm，后对小芯样上下表面磨平处理；配制硅胶；将芯样置于内径为100mm的模具中心，将硅胶胶液灌入模具中，模具成型24h后拆模、养护；用刀具将试件上下表面多余硅胶刮出，使上下表面裸露；完成混凝土试件的制作；③试件预处理：对试件进行真空饱水，完成试件的预处理；④测试与结果分析：以电通量法测试试件的6h总电通量Q，作为小芯样的实际电通量，并换算成直径为95mm的试件电通量；中国专利201910031869.5公开的一种混凝土芯样相对渗透性的试验方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：(1)在被测混凝土实体上钻取一段圆柱体芯样；(2)将芯样置于截头锥体试模中央；(3)用灌浆材料填充试模与芯样间的空隙；(4)静置24小时后，第二天脱模用钢丝刷刷去芯样端面的浆膜变成试件，晾干试件；(5)在晾干的试件迎水端面涂刷高渗透改性环氧防水涂料，再次静置，48小时后移入标准养护室养护7天，之后晾干试件；(6)用水泥混合黄油制成密封材料，对试件侧面进行密封，再用螺旋加速器将试件压入试模；(7)试件连同试模置于垫有环状橡胶止水垫片的抗渗仪上进行试验；(8)将抗渗仪水压力一次加到0.8MPa，恒压24h，加压溶液为1％的酚酞乙醇；(9)劈开试件后分十等分量取试件变红部位高度，计算得到相对渗透系数；中国专利201810399322.6公开的一种混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量方法包括如下步骤：首先将试件在标准养护水池中浸泡4d，然后将试件放入橡胶筒中，在橡胶筒中注入约300mL的0.2mol/L的KOH溶液，使阳极板和试件表面均浸没于溶液中，在试验槽中注入含5％NaCl的0.2mol/L的KOH溶液，直至与橡胶筒中KOH溶液的液面齐平，打开电源，记录时间立即同步测定并联电压、串联电流和电解液初始温度(精确到0.2℃)，通电完毕取出试件，将其劈成两半，利用0.1mol/L的硝酸银滴定氯离子的扩散深度，最后对混凝土的氯离子扩散系数按公式计算即可；上述专利涉及的测量方法和现有技术中的测量方法存在测量结果准确性得不到保证的问题。因此，研发设计一种测量过程简单、测量速度快、测量成本低和测量结果精确的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量方法，利用交流电实现直观和快速测量混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的功效，具有社会和经济价值。A method for detecting the resistance to chloride ion penetration of concrete disclosed in Chinese Patent No. 201811612536.3 specifically includes the following steps: 1. Drilling the core sample: Drilling a solid component with a diameter of 70-75mm and a length of 70-300mm Core sample, accurately measure the diameter of core sample; ② core sample processing: core sample processing adopts the following grouting material expansion method or silica gel expansion method; 1) grouting material expansion method: prepare high-strength, dense grouting material, place the core sample In the center of the mold with an inner diameter of 100mm, pour the grouting slurry into the mold. After the mold is formed for 24 hours, the mold is demolded and cured. After the curing, the surface of the test piece is cut inward by 48mm, and then the upper and lower surfaces of the test piece are ground and smoothed to form A standard specimen with a diameter of 100mm and a height of 50mm is used to complete the production of the concrete specimen; 2) Silica gel expansion method: cut the small core sample inward by 48mm from the surface of the specimen, and then polish the upper and lower surfaces of the small core sample; Silica gel; place the core sample in the center of the mold with an inner diameter of 100mm, pour the silicone glue into the mold, and remove the mold and maintain it after the mold is formed for 24 hours; scrape off the excess silica gel on the upper and lower surfaces of the test piece with a knife to expose the upper and lower surfaces; complete; Manufacture of concrete specimens; ③Pretreatment of specimens: vacuum-saturated the specimens to complete the pretreatment of specimens; ④Testing and result analysis: The 6h total electric flux Q of the specimens was tested by the electric flux method, as The actual electric flux of the small core sample is converted into the electric flux of the test piece with a diameter of 95mm; a test method for the relative permeability of a concrete core sample disclosed in Chinese Patent 201910031869.5 is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) in Drill a cylindrical core sample from the concrete to be tested; (2) place the core sample in the center of the frustum test mold; (3) fill the gap between the test mold and the core sample with grouting material; (4) let it stand still After 24 hours, on the second day, the sizing film on the end face of the core sample was removed with a wire brush to become a test piece, and the test piece was dried. Waterproof coating, let stand again, move into a standard curing room for 7 days after 48 hours, and then dry the test piece; (6) Make a sealing material with cement mixed with butter, seal the side of the test piece, and then use a screw accelerator to seal the test piece. Press into the test mold; (7) The test piece together with the test mold is placed on the impermeability meter cushioned with a ring-shaped rubber water-stop gasket for testing; (8) The water pressure of the impermeability meter is increased to 0.8MPa at one time, and the constant pressure is 24h. , the pressurized solution is 1% phenolphthalein ethanol; (9) after splitting the test piece, the height of the reddened part of the test piece is taken in ten equal parts, and the relative permeability coefficient is calculated; The measurement method includes the following steps: first, soak the test piece in a standard curing water tank for 4 days, then put the test piece into a rubber cylinder, and inject about 300 mL of 0.2 mol/L KOH solution into the rubber cylinder to make the anode plate and the surface of the test piece uniform. Immerse in the solution, inject 0.2mol/L KOH solution containing 5% NaCl into the test tank until it is flush with the liquid level of the KOH solution in the rubber cylinder, turn on the power, and record the time Immediately measure the parallel voltage, the series current and the initial temperature of the electrolyte (accurate to 0.2 °C), take out the test piece after power-on, split it into two halves, and use 0.1 mol/L silver nitrate to titrate the diffusion depth of chloride ions. The chloride ion diffusion coefficient of concrete can be calculated according to the formula; the measurement method involved in the above-mentioned patent and the measurement method in the prior art have the problem that the accuracy of the measurement result cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, a method for measuring chloride ion permeability of concrete with simple measurement process, fast measurement speed, low measurement cost and accurate measurement results is developed and designed, and the effect of intuitive and rapid measurement of concrete chloride ion permeability is realized by using alternating current, which has social and Economic Value.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，研发设计一种测量过程简单、测量速度快、测量成本低和测量结果精确的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量方法，利用交流电实现直观和快速测量混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的功效。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, develop and design a concrete chloride ion permeability measurement method with simple measurement process, fast measurement speed, low measurement cost and accurate measurement results, and utilize alternating current to realize intuitive and rapid measurement of concrete Efficacy of resistance to chloride ion permeability.
为了实现上述目的，本发明涉及的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量方法是在混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量装置上实现的，具体工艺过程包括制作混凝土试件、预处理混凝土试件、夹装混凝土试件、测量混凝土试件电阻和计算分析混凝土试件渗透性共五个步骤：In order to achieve the above purpose, the method for measuring the resistance to chloride ion permeability of concrete involved in the present invention is realized on a device for measuring the resistance to chloride ion permeability of concrete. There are five steps in total, including measuring the resistance of concrete specimens and calculating and analyzing the permeability of concrete specimens:
(1)制作混凝土试件：混凝土试件为现浇时，浇筑3块直径为100mm，厚度为50mm的圆柱形混凝土试件，混凝土试件成型后24h拆模，将拆模后的混凝土试件在20±3℃的水中养护至试验龄期28d，混凝土试件在实体混凝土结构中钻取时，由混凝土芯样表面向内切割50mm形成直径为100mm的混凝土试件，切割3块相同尺寸的混凝土试件，混凝土试件的表面有涂料的应当切除涂料，混凝土试件的内部不得含有钢筋，完成混凝土试件的制作；(1) Making concrete specimens: When the concrete specimens are cast-in-place, three cylindrical concrete specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 50 mm are poured. Cured in water at 20±3℃ until the test age is 28d. When the concrete specimen is drilled in the solid concrete structure, cut 50mm inward from the surface of the concrete core sample to form a concrete specimen with a diameter of 100mm, and cut 3 pieces of the same size. For concrete specimens, if there is paint on the surface of the concrete specimen, the coating shall be removed, and the interior of the concrete specimen shall not contain steel bars to complete the fabrication of the concrete specimen;
(2)预处理混凝土试件：将松香和石蜡按照1:3的质量比混合后分别密封3块混凝土试件的圆柱体侧表面，将混凝土试件放入真空干燥器中，启动真空泵，真空干燥器的真空度为133Pa时，保持真空3h后，在真空度为133Pa的条件下向真空干燥器内注入蒸馏水，混凝土试件在蒸馏水中浸没1h后恢复常压，再在常压条件下继续浸泡18±2h后，取出备用，完成混凝土试件的预处理；(2) Pretreatment of concrete specimens: After mixing rosin and paraffin in a mass ratio of 1:3, seal the cylindrical side surfaces of the three concrete specimens respectively, put the concrete specimens into the vacuum dryer, start the vacuum pump, and vacuum the When the vacuum degree of the dryer is 133Pa, after maintaining the vacuum for 3h, the distilled water is injected into the vacuum dryer under the condition of the vacuum degree of 133Pa, and the concrete specimen is immersed in the distilled water for 1h and then returns to normal pressure, and then continues under normal pressure conditions. After soaking for 18±2h, take it out for use to complete the pretreatment of the concrete specimen;
(3)夹装混凝土试件：将两片用水润湿的滤纸分别铺在两个导电铜垫板上，将步骤(2)预处理的混凝土试件夹在两个槽体之间，混凝土试件的顶端和底端分别与铺设滤纸的导电铜垫板接触，通过螺栓和螺栓孔将两个槽体紧固，混凝土试件分别与2个槽体上边沿接触的位置之间填塞橡胶垫圈，防止储液池内的液体泄漏，完成混凝土试件的夹装；(3) Clamping concrete specimens: Spread two pieces of filter paper moistened with water on two conductive copper backing plates respectively, clamp the pretreated concrete specimens in step (2) between the two tanks, and place the concrete specimens The top and bottom ends of the test pieces are respectively in contact with the conductive copper backing plate on which the filter paper is laid, and the two groove bodies are fastened by bolts and bolt holes. Prevent liquid leakage in the liquid storage tank and complete the clamping of concrete specimens;
(4)测量混凝土试件电阻：将夹装有混凝土试件2个槽体放平，使注液孔208向上，使用2根导线将混凝土交流电阻测量器单元分别与有机玻璃试验槽单元连接，通过注液孔分别向2个储液池注入质量浓度为3％的NaCl水溶液，NaCl水溶液充满储液池后，接通电路，混凝土交流电阻测量器单元输出电压为1伏、频率为1000赫兹的交流电，由液晶屏读取混凝土试件的电阻值，用相同的方式获得另外2块混凝土试件的电阻值后，拆除混凝土试件，排除NaCl水溶液，用蒸馏水冲洗有机玻璃试验槽单元，并用置于冷风档的电吹风将有机玻璃试验槽单元吹干；(4) Measure the resistance of the concrete specimen: place the 2 tanks with the concrete specimens on the level, make the liquid injection hole 208 upward, and use 2 wires to connect the concrete AC resistance measuring unit to the plexiglass test tank unit respectively, The NaCl aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 3% was injected into the two liquid storage tanks through the liquid injection holes. After the NaCl aqueous solution filled the liquid storage tanks, the circuit was turned on. The output voltage of the concrete AC resistance measuring unit was 1 volt and the frequency was 1000 Hz. Alternating current, the resistance value of the concrete specimen is read by the LCD screen, and the resistance value of the other two concrete specimens is obtained in the same way, then the concrete specimen is removed, the NaCl aqueous solution is removed, the plexiglass test cell unit is rinsed with distilled water, and the Dry the plexiglass test tank unit with a hair dryer in the cold air gear;
(5)计算分析混凝土试件渗透性：加权平均同组3个混凝土试件测试的电阻值，作为该组混凝土试件评定抗氯离子渗透性的电阻值，将电阻值与评定标准中的电阻值进行比较并评定渗透性，同组中任一个混凝土试件的电阻值与中值的差值超过中值的15％时，取中值为测定值，如2个混凝土试件的电阻值与中值的差值超过中值的15％，该组试验结果无效，评定标准见下表：(5) Calculate and analyze the permeability of concrete specimens: the weighted average of the resistance values tested by 3 concrete specimens in the same group is used as the resistance value of the group of concrete specimens to evaluate the resistance to chloride ion permeability. When the difference between the resistance value and the median value of any concrete specimen in the same group exceeds 15% of the median value, take the median value as the measured value. If the difference of the median value exceeds 15% of the median value, the test results of this group are invalid. The evaluation criteria are shown in the following table:
交流电测混凝土渗透性的评定标准Standard for evaluating the permeability of concrete by alternating current
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本发明涉及的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量装置由包括液晶屏的混凝土交流电阻测量器单元和包括储液池的有机玻璃试验槽单元组成，混凝土交流电阻测量器单元与有机玻璃试验槽单元通过导线电连接；混凝土交流电阻测量器单元的内部集成有主控CPU、激励电路、测量电路和液晶屏显示电路，主控CPU分别与激励电路、测量电路和液晶屏显示电路电连接，激励电路与测量电路电连接，液晶屏显示电路与混凝土交流电阻测量器单元外部设置的液晶屏电连接；激励电路由DDS电路、滤波电路、稳幅电路、扩流电路和输出端口保护电路构成；测量电路由凯尔文检测电路、电压放大电路、电流放大电路、选频电路、程控放大电路、整流电路、采样电路、鉴幅电路和鉴相电路构成；有机玻璃试验槽单元的主体结构包括槽体、螺栓孔、试件槽、导电铜垫板、一号螺钉孔、导电铜片、二号螺钉孔、固定孔、储液池、排气孔、电极导出孔、注液孔、三号螺钉孔和四号螺钉孔；矩形块状式结构的槽体的四个角部设置有贯穿槽体的圆柱形结构的螺栓孔，槽体的中心位置开设有试件槽，试件槽的底部槽口处设置有圆形带孔片状结构的导电铜垫板，导电铜垫板的边缘开设有圆形结构的一号螺钉孔，导电铜垫板通过矩形片状结构的导电铜片上开设的二号螺钉孔与导电铜片螺钉式连接，导电铜片的另一端开设有椭圆形结构的固定孔，一号螺钉孔、二号螺钉孔与固定孔位于同一条轴线上，槽体的内部位于导电铜垫板的下方开设有圆柱形结构的储液池，储液池的侧部依次设置有贯穿槽体的圆柱形结构的排气孔、电极导出孔和注液孔，槽体上部还开设有圆柱形结构的三号螺钉孔，电极导出孔位于三号螺钉孔的正后方，导电铜垫板通过一号螺钉孔和槽体上开设的圆柱形结构的四号螺钉孔与槽体螺钉式连接，导电铜片的一端由电极导出孔伸出后通过导电铜片上的固定孔用螺钉固定在三号螺钉孔中作为导线的接入端。The concrete chloride ion permeability resistance measuring device involved in the present invention is composed of a concrete AC resistance measuring unit including a liquid crystal screen and a plexiglass test tank unit including a liquid storage tank. The concrete AC resistance measuring unit and the plexiglass test tank unit pass through a wire Electrical connection; the interior of the concrete AC resistance measuring unit is integrated with a main control CPU, an excitation circuit, a measurement circuit and a liquid crystal display circuit. The circuit is electrically connected, and the liquid crystal screen display circuit is electrically connected to the liquid crystal screen arranged outside the concrete AC resistance measuring unit; the excitation circuit is composed of a DDS circuit, a filter circuit, an amplitude stabilization circuit, a current expansion circuit and an output port protection circuit; the measurement circuit is composed of Kai Erwin detection circuit, voltage amplifier circuit, current amplifier circuit, frequency selection circuit, program-controlled amplifier circuit, rectifier circuit, sampling circuit, amplitude discrimination circuit and phase discrimination circuit; the main structure of the plexiglass test tank unit includes tank body, bolt hole , specimen slot, conductive copper backing plate, No. 1 screw hole, conductive copper sheet, No. 2 screw hole, fixing hole, liquid storage tank, exhaust hole, electrode lead-out hole, liquid injection hole, No. 3 screw hole and No. 4 screw hole Screw holes; the four corners of the groove body of the rectangular block structure are provided with bolt holes of cylindrical structure passing through the groove body, the center position of the groove body is provided with a test piece slot, and the bottom notch of the test piece groove is provided with A circular conductive copper pad with hole sheet structure, the edge of the conductive copper pad is provided with a No. 1 screw hole with a circular structure, and the conductive copper pad is connected with the No. 2 screw hole opened on the conductive copper sheet of the rectangular sheet structure. The conductive copper sheet is connected by screws. The other end of the conductive copper sheet is provided with a fixing hole with an oval structure. The No. 1 screw hole, the No. 2 screw hole and the fixing hole are located on the same axis. A liquid storage tank with a cylindrical structure is opened below. The side of the liquid storage tank is sequentially provided with a cylindrical structure exhaust hole, an electrode lead-out hole and a liquid injection hole that penetrate the tank body. The upper part of the tank body is also provided with a cylindrical structure. The No. 3 screw hole, the electrode lead-out hole is located directly behind the No. 3 screw hole, the conductive copper backing plate is screwed to the slot body through the No. 1 screw hole and the No. 4 screw hole of cylindrical structure opened on the slot body, and the conductive copper sheet One end of the wire is protruded from the electrode lead-out hole and then fixed in the No. 3 screw hole through the fixing hole on the conductive copper sheet as the access end of the wire.
本发明涉及的混凝土交流电阻测量器单元提供电压为1伏、频率为1000赫兹的交流电，测试速度快，能够避免极化反应和温升过高对测试精度的影响；液晶屏能够直观便捷的显示电阻值和渗透性；试件槽的边长大于导电铜垫板的直径，导电铜垫板的直径大于储液池的直径；排气孔作为储液池中的气体的排放通道；电极导出孔中的一段导电铜片使用带有螺钉的电极进行固定；注液孔为NaCl水溶液注入储液池的通道；三号螺钉孔是深度为1㎝的带有内螺纹的孔，用于拧入螺钉以固定弯折后的导电铜片的一端。The concrete AC resistance measuring unit involved in the present invention provides AC with a voltage of 1 volt and a frequency of 1000 Hz, has fast testing speed, and can avoid the influence of polarization reaction and high temperature rise on testing accuracy; the liquid crystal screen can display intuitively and conveniently Resistance value and permeability; the side length of the specimen groove is larger than the diameter of the conductive copper backing plate, and the diameter of the conductive copper backing plate is larger than the diameter of the liquid storage tank; the exhaust hole is used as the discharge channel of the gas in the liquid storage tank; the electrode lead-out hole A section of conductive copper sheet is fixed with an electrode with a screw; the injection hole is the channel through which the NaCl aqueous solution is injected into the liquid storage tank; the No. 3 screw hole is a hole with an internal thread with a depth of 1 cm, which is used for screwing in the screw To fix one end of the bent conductive copper sheet.
本发明涉及的主控CPU能够监测测量电路的信号波形、幅度和相位参数，并根据波形特征对通道参数进行调整，主控CPU数据处理采用前馈神经网络算法，对采样值进行加权分析和数据统计，根据混凝土阻抗谱特性进行数据处理，计算和测定出混凝土试块的抗氯离子渗透性数值，并将渗透性数值送达液晶屏进行显示；激励电路能够产生电压为1伏、频率为1000赫兹的交流信号，为测量电路提供信号源；DDS电路为DDS数字频率合成电路，其中的DDS信号发生器U1为AD9833，信号源能够工作于调制状态，对输出电平进行调节，DDS电路采用DDS芯片AD9833，信号控制参数由主控CPU通过SPI端口输入DDS发生器U1，控制其产生相应正弦信号，DDS电路产生设定频率和设定振幅的正弦波作为测量电路的激励信号；稳幅电路采用AGC自动增益控制电路，将输出信号幅值锁定在预期值上，其中，U2和U3为可变增益运算放大电路，固定增益由电阻R10和R14决定；控制电压由引脚Pin1与Pin2之间的电压差决定；根据引脚Pin2所接电位器设置所需的偏置电位；三极管Q1和Q2组成检波电路，再经积分电容C15积分电压，驱动调整引脚Pin1的电位值，从而调整U2和U3的电压增益；引脚Pin4的电位值决定输出电压幅值，分别由电阻R6、R7和电阻R11、R12的分压值决定；扩流电路和输出端口保护电路由三极管Q3和Q4构成推挽电路；其中的U4A和U4B均为TL082；凯尔文检测电路测量被测电阻Rt时，在激励回路HF和LF上施加激励信号I，从检测回路HS和LS上测量数值；程控放大电路中的U17为高精度数字电位器，结合运算放大电路U18B实现程控放大功能，U18B为TL082，高精度数字电位器的阻值精度为1％，具有10Bit分度，1024档可调阻值，其中CTL-BUS为主控CPU控制总线，由主控CPU设置数字电位器的通道数据；采样电路由积分电容C29进行信号的瞬时采样，三极管Q5进行泄放，输入端和输出端采用运算放大器U15和U16进行隔离；鉴相电路的比较器U5和U6对信号进行整形，与非门U7和U8构成RS触发器，利用下跳沿触发特性提取两路输入信号的相位差，XTAL2作为时间信号发生器，由计数器记录相位差信号数值，并输入主控CPU进行统计分析，实现信号相位的鉴别；其中的U5和U6均为TL082，U7、U8、U9、U10、U11、U12、U13和U14均为LVC2G00The main control CPU involved in the invention can monitor the signal waveform, amplitude and phase parameters of the measuring circuit, and adjust the channel parameters according to the waveform characteristics. Statistics, carry out data processing according to the characteristics of concrete impedance spectrum, calculate and measure the anti-chloride ion permeability value of concrete block, and send the permeability value to the LCD screen for display; the excitation circuit can generate a voltage of 1 volt and a frequency of 1000 The AC signal of Hertz provides a signal source for the measurement circuit; the DDS circuit is a DDS digital frequency synthesis circuit, and the DDS signal generator U1 is AD9833. The signal source can work in the modulation state and adjust the output level. The DDS circuit adopts DDS Chip AD9833, the signal control parameters are input to the DDS generator U1 by the main control CPU through the SPI port, and it is controlled to generate the corresponding sine signal. The DDS circuit generates a sine wave with a set frequency and a set amplitude as the excitation signal of the measurement circuit; the amplitude stabilization circuit adopts The AGC automatic gain control circuit locks the output signal amplitude at the expected value. Among them, U2 and U3 are variable gain operational amplifier circuits, and the fixed gain is determined by resistors R10 and R14; the control voltage is determined by pins Pin1 and Pin2. Determined by the voltage difference; set the required bias potential according to the potentiometer connected to pin Pin2; transistors Q1 and Q2 form a detection circuit, and then integrate the voltage through the integrating capacitor C15 to drive and adjust the potential value of pin Pin1, thereby adjusting U2 and U3 The potential value of pin Pin4 determines the output voltage amplitude, which is determined by the voltage division values of resistors R6 and R7 and resistors R11 and R12 respectively; the current expansion circuit and the output port protection circuit are composed of transistors Q3 and Q4 to form a push-pull circuit ; U4A and U4B are both TL082; when the Kelvin detection circuit measures the measured resistance Rt, the excitation signal I is applied to the excitation loop HF and LF, and the value is measured from the detection loop HS and LS; U17 in the program-controlled amplifier circuit It is a high-precision digital potentiometer, combined with the operational amplifier circuit U18B to realize the program-controlled amplification function, U18B is TL082, the resistance value accuracy of the high-precision digital potentiometer is 1%, with 10Bit division, 1024-level adjustable resistance value, of which CTL-BUS The main control CPU controls the bus, and the main control CPU sets the channel data of the digital potentiometer; the sampling circuit uses the integral capacitor C29 to perform instantaneous sampling of the signal, the transistor Q5 discharges, and the input and output terminals are isolated by operational amplifiers U15 and U16 ; The comparators U5 and U6 of the phase detection circuit shape the signal, and the NAND gates U7 and U8 form an RS flip-flop, and the phase difference between the two input signals is extracted by using the edge-triggering characteristic of the next jump. XTAL2 is used as a time signal generator. Record the value of the phase difference signal, and input it into the main control CPU for statistical analysis to realize the identification of the signal phase; U5 and U6 are both TL082, U7, U8, U9, U10, U11, U12, U13 and U14 are LVC2G00
本发明与现有技术相比，采用电压为1伏、频率为1000赫兹的低压高频交流电测量经过饱水预处理的混凝土试件的电阻，以电阻值反映混凝土试件抵抗氯离子渗透性的能力，克服了直流电试验方法易有的极化反应以及在长时间电压作用下溶液产生热量，对电阻值产生干扰的缺点，改进了美国材料试验协会推荐的ASTM C1202；其原理科学可靠，测量流程简单，测量速度快，测量结果准确，易于推广使用。Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts a low-voltage high-frequency alternating current with a voltage of 1 volt and a frequency of 1000 Hz to measure the resistance of the concrete specimen pretreated with saturated water, and uses the resistance value to reflect the resistance of the concrete specimen to chloride ion permeability. It overcomes the polarization reaction of the direct current test method and the shortcomings of the solution generating heat under the action of a long-term voltage, which interferes with the resistance value, and improves the ASTM C1202 recommended by the American Society for Testing and Materials; its principle is scientific and reliable, and the measurement process Simple, fast measurement, accurate measurement results, easy to promote and use.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明的工艺流程框图。Fig. 1 is a process flow block diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明涉及的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量装置的主体结构原理示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main structure principle of the concrete chloride ion resistance permeability measuring device according to the present invention.
图3为本发明涉及的混凝土交流电阻测量器单元的功能结构原理示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure principle of the concrete AC resistance measuring unit according to the present invention.
图4为本发明涉及的激励电路的功能结构原理示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure principle of the excitation circuit involved in the present invention.
图5为本发明涉及的DDS电路的功能结构原理示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure principle of the DDS circuit involved in the present invention.
图6为本发明涉及的稳幅电路的功能结构原理示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure principle of the amplitude stabilization circuit involved in the present invention.
图7为本发明涉及的扩流电路和端口保护电路的功能结构原理示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure principle of the current expansion circuit and the port protection circuit involved in the present invention.
图8为本发明涉及的测量电路的功能结构原理示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure principle of the measurement circuit involved in the present invention.
图9为本发明涉及的凯尔文检测电路的功能结构原理示意图。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure principle of the Kelvin detection circuit involved in the present invention.
图10为本发明涉及的程控放大电路的功能结构原理示意图。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure principle of the program-controlled amplifying circuit involved in the present invention.
图11为本发明涉及的采样电路的功能结构原理示意图。FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure principle of the sampling circuit involved in the present invention.
图12为本发明涉及的鉴相电路的功能结构原理示意图。FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the functional structure principle of the phase detection circuit involved in the present invention.
图13为本发明涉及的试验槽的结构原理示意图。FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the test tank according to the present invention.
图14为本发明涉及的试验槽的侧视结构原理示意图。FIG. 14 is a schematic side view of the structural principle of the test tank involved in the present invention.
图15为本发明涉及的试验槽的俯视结构原理示意图。FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the top-view structural principle of the test tank according to the present invention.
图16为本发明涉及的导电铜垫板的结构原理示意图。FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the conductive copper backing plate involved in the present invention.
图17为本发明涉及的导电铜片的结构原理示意图。FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the conductive copper sheet involved in the present invention.
图18为本发明涉及的导电铜垫板与导电铜片的连接关系示意图。FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the conductive copper backing plate and the conductive copper sheet according to the present invention.
图19为本发明实施例4涉及的交流电测法与电通量法的测量结果线性关系示意图。19 is a schematic diagram of the linear relationship between the measurement results of the alternating current measurement method and the electric flux method involved in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例1：Example 1:
本实施例涉及的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量方法是在混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量装置上实现的，具体工艺过程包括制作混凝土试件、预处理混凝土试件、夹装混凝土试件、测量混凝土试件电阻和计算分析混凝土试件渗透性共五个步骤：The method for measuring the resistance to chloride ion permeability of concrete involved in this embodiment is implemented on a device for measuring the resistance to chloride ion permeability of concrete. There are five steps to analyze the resistance of the specimen and the permeability of the concrete specimen:
(1)制作混凝土试件：混凝土试件为现浇时，浇筑3块直径为100mm，厚度为50mm的圆柱形混凝土试件，混凝土试件成型后24h拆模，将拆模后的混凝土试件在20±3℃的水中养护至试验龄期28d，混凝土试件在实体混凝土结构中钻取时，由混凝土芯样表面向内切割50mm形成直径为100mm的混凝土试件，切割3块相同尺寸的混凝土试件，混凝土试件的表面有涂料的应当切除涂料，混凝土试件的内部不得含有钢筋，完成混凝土试件的制作；(1) Making concrete specimens: When the concrete specimens are cast-in-place, three cylindrical concrete specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 50 mm are poured. Cured in water at 20±3℃ until the test age is 28d. When the concrete specimen is drilled in the solid concrete structure, cut 50mm inward from the surface of the concrete core sample to form a concrete specimen with a diameter of 100mm, and cut 3 pieces of the same size. For concrete specimens, if there is paint on the surface of the concrete specimen, the coating shall be removed, and the interior of the concrete specimen shall not contain steel bars to complete the fabrication of the concrete specimen;
(2)预处理混凝土试件：将松香和石蜡按照1:3的质量比混合后分别密封3块混凝土试件的圆柱体侧表面，将混凝土试件放入真空干燥器中，启动真空泵，真空干燥器的真空度为133Pa时，保持真空3h后，在真空度为133Pa的条件下向真空干燥器内注入蒸馏水，混凝土试件在蒸馏水中浸没1h后恢复常压，再在常压条件下继续浸泡18±2h后，取出备用，完成混凝土试件的预处理；(2) Pretreatment of concrete specimens: After mixing rosin and paraffin in a mass ratio of 1:3, seal the cylindrical side surfaces of the three concrete specimens respectively, put the concrete specimens into the vacuum dryer, start the vacuum pump, and vacuum the When the vacuum degree of the dryer is 133Pa, after maintaining the vacuum for 3h, the distilled water is injected into the vacuum dryer under the condition of the vacuum degree of 133Pa, and the concrete specimen is immersed in the distilled water for 1h and then returns to normal pressure, and then continues under normal pressure conditions. After soaking for 18±2h, take it out for use to complete the pretreatment of the concrete specimen;
混凝土试件进行抗氯离子渗透性测试前应进行真空饱水，由于混凝土试件的饱水率(混凝土试件的含气量)对混凝土试件的电阻值影响很大，应用交流电测实体结构取芯混凝土试件时，混凝土试件的饱水十分重要，必须严格控制操作过程；对于表面处理的混凝土试件抗氯离子渗透性的评定，可以将涂料部分与混凝土试件基体部分近似看作串连的电阻，应用交流电测法完全能够测定涂料部分和混凝土试件基体部分的电阻，进而为评价涂层和基体混凝土试件抗氯离子渗透性提供数据；The concrete specimen should be vacuum saturated before the chloride ion permeability resistance test. Since the water saturation rate of the concrete specimen (the air content of the concrete specimen) has a great influence on the resistance value of the concrete specimen, the AC test is used to measure the solid structure. In the case of core concrete specimens, the saturation of the concrete specimens is very important, and the operation process must be strictly controlled; for the evaluation of the resistance to chloride ion penetration of the surface-treated concrete specimens, the coating part and the base part of the concrete specimen can be approximated as strings. The resistance of the coating part and the base part of the concrete specimen can be completely measured by the AC test method, and then provide data for evaluating the resistance to chloride ion penetration of the coating and the base concrete specimen;
(4)夹装混凝土试件：将两片用水润湿的滤纸分别铺在两个导电铜垫板203上，将步骤(2)预处理的混凝土试件夹在两个槽体200之间，混凝土试件的顶端和底端分别与铺设滤纸的导电铜垫板203接触，通过螺栓和螺栓孔201将两个槽体200紧固，混凝土试件分别与2个槽体200上边沿接触的位置之间填塞橡胶垫圈，防止储液池208内的液体泄漏，完成混凝土试件的夹装；(4) Clamping the concrete specimen: spread two pieces of filter paper moistened with water on the two conductive copper backing plates 203 respectively, and clamp the pretreated concrete specimen in step (2) between the two tank bodies 200, The top and bottom ends of the concrete specimen are respectively in contact with the conductive copper backing plate 203 on which the filter paper is laid, and the two tank bodies 200 are fastened by bolts and bolt holes 201. The concrete specimen is in contact with the upper edges of the two tank bodies 200 Fill rubber gaskets between them to prevent liquid leakage in the liquid storage tank 208 and complete the clamping of the concrete specimens;
(4)测量混凝土试件电阻：将夹装有混凝土试件2个槽体200放平，使注液孔208向上，使用2根导线3将混凝土交流电阻测量器单元1分别与有机玻璃试验槽单元2连接，通过注液孔211分别向2个储液池208注入质量百分比浓度为3％的NaCl水溶液，NaCl水溶液充满储液池208后，接通电路，混凝土交流电阻测量器单元1输出电压为1伏、频率为1000赫兹的交流电，由液晶屏15读取混凝土试件的电阻值，用相同的方式获得另外2块混凝土试件的电阻值后，拆除混凝土试件，排除NaCl水溶液，用饮用水和洗涤剂冲洗试验槽360s后，用蒸馏水冲洗有机玻璃试验槽单元2，并用置于冷风档的电吹风将有机玻璃试验槽单元2吹干；(4) Measure the resistance of the concrete specimen: Lay the two tanks 200 with the concrete specimens in place, make the liquid injection hole 208 upward, and use two wires 3 to connect the concrete AC resistance measuring unit 1 to the plexiglass test tank respectively. The unit 2 is connected, and the NaCl aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 3% is injected into the two liquid storage tanks 208 through the liquid injection hole 211. After the NaCl aqueous solution fills the liquid storage tank 208, the circuit is turned on, and the concrete AC resistance measuring unit 1 outputs a voltage It is an alternating current of 1 volt and a frequency of 1000 Hz. The resistance value of the concrete specimen is read from the LCD screen 15. After obtaining the resistance values of the other two concrete specimens in the same way, the concrete specimen is removed, the NaCl aqueous solution is removed, and the After rinsing the test tank with drinking water and detergent for 360s, rinse the plexiglass test tank unit 2 with distilled water, and dry the plexiglass test tank unit 2 with a hair dryer placed in the cold air gear;
(5)计算分析混凝土试件渗透性：加权平均同组3个混凝土试件测试的电阻值，作为该组混凝土试件评定抗氯离子渗透性的电阻值，将电阻值与评定标准中的电阻值进行比较并评定渗透性，同组中任一个混凝土试件的电阻值与中值的差值超过中值的15％时，取中值为测定值，如2个混凝土试件的电阻值与中值的差值超过中值的15％，该组试验结果无效，评定标准见下表：(5) Calculate and analyze the permeability of concrete specimens: the weighted average of the resistance values tested by 3 concrete specimens in the same group is used as the resistance value of the group of concrete specimens to evaluate the resistance to chloride ion permeability. When the difference between the resistance value and the median value of any concrete specimen in the same group exceeds 15% of the median value, take the median value as the measured value. If the difference of the median value exceeds 15% of the median value, the test results of this group are invalid. The evaluation criteria are shown in the following table:
交流电测混凝土渗透性的评定标准Standard for evaluating the permeability of concrete by alternating current
。 .
本实施例涉及的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量装置由包括液晶屏15的混凝土交流电阻测量器单元1和包括储液池208的有机玻璃试验槽单元2组成，混凝土交流电阻测量器单元1与有机玻璃试验槽单元2通过导线3电连接。The concrete chloride ion permeability resistance measuring device involved in this embodiment is composed of a concrete AC resistance measuring unit 1 including a liquid crystal screen 15 and a plexiglass test tank unit 2 including a liquid storage tank 208 . The concrete AC resistance measuring unit 1 is connected with the organic The glass test cell unit 2 is electrically connected by wires 3 .
本实施例涉及的混凝土交流电阻测量器单元1的内部集成有主控CPU11、激励电路12、测量电路13和液晶屏显示电路14，主控CPU11分别与激励电路12、测量电路13和液晶屏显示电路14电连接，激励电路12与测量电路13电连接，液晶屏显示电路14与混凝土交流电阻测量器单元1外部设置的液晶屏15电连接；其中，主控CPU(中央处理器)11能够监测测量电路13的信号波形、幅度和相位参数，并根据波形特征对通道参数进行调整；主控CPU11数据处理采用前馈神经网络算法，对采样值进行加权分析和数据统计，根据混凝土阻抗谱特性进行数据处理，计算和测定出混凝土试块的抗氯离子渗透性数值，并将渗透性数值送达液晶屏15进行显示；激励电路12由DDS电路121、滤波电路122、稳幅电路123、扩流电路124和输出端口保护电路125构成；激励电路12具有测试速度快，能够避免极化反应和温升过高对测试精度的影响，激励电路12能够产生电压为1伏、频率为1000赫兹的交流信号，为测量电路13提供信号源；DDS电路121为DDS数字频率合成电路，其中的DDS信号发生器U1为AD9833，采用直接数字频率合成(Direct Digital Synthesis，简称DDS)技术，把信号发生器的频率稳定度、准确度提高到与基准频率相当的水平，并且在宽频率范围内进行精细的频率调节，信号源能够工作于调制状态，对输出电平进行调节，以输出各种波形，DDS电路121采用ADI公司的DDS公司的DDS芯片AD9833，信号控制参数由主控CPU11通过SPI端口(PIN6、PIN7和PIN8)输入DDS发生器U1，控制其产生相应正弦信号，DDS电路121产生设定频率和设定振幅的正弦波作为测量电路13的激励信号；稳幅电路123采用AGC自动增益控制电路，将输出信号幅值锁定在预期值上，其中，U2和U3为可变增益运算放大电路，固定增益由电阻R10和R14决定；控制电压由引脚Pin1与Pin2之间的电压差决定，电压差越大，增益越大；根据引脚Pin2所接电位器设置所需的偏置电位；三极管Q1和Q2组成检波电路，再经积分电容C15积分电压，驱动调整引脚Pin1的电位值，从而调整U2和U3的电压增益；引脚Pin4的电位值决定输出电压幅值，分别由电阻R6、R7和电阻R11、R12的分压值决定；扩流电路124和输出端口保护电路125由三极管Q3和Q4构成推挽电路，增大输出电流，以弥补运算放大器输出电流不足的弊端；输出端口保护包括两种保护电路：一是二极管D3和D4起钳位作用，防止端口过压；二是电阻R22和R23对端口电压进行采样，再与电阻R24和R25所设定电压阈值进行比较，当端口触碰外来带电体，且电压幅度超过所设阈值，对主控CPU11产生中断信号进行报警和提示；其中的U4A和U4B均为TL082；测量电路13由凯尔文检测电路131、电压放大电路132、电流放大电路133、选频电路134、程控放大电路135、整流电路136、采样电路137、鉴幅电路138和鉴相电路139构成；凯尔文检测电路131能够实现凯尔文四线检测，测量被测电阻Rt时，在激励回路HF和LF上施加激励信号I，从检测回路HS和LS上测量数值，以显著降低电阻R100和R200对测量值的影响，同时由于检测回路电流极小，电阻R300和R400对测量值影响较小，能够提高测量精度；程控放大电路135中的U17采用ADI公司的高精度数字电位器，结合运算放大电路U18B实现程控放大功能，U18B为TL082，高精度数字电位器的阻值精度为1％，具有10Bit分度，1024档可调阻值，阻值线性度高，能够实现精确的电压放大控制，其中CTL-BUS为主控CPU11控制总线，由主控CPU11设置数字电位器的通道数据，以调整程控放大的增益；采样电路137由积分电容C29进行信号的瞬时采样，三极管Q5进行泄放，输入端和输出端采用运算放大器U15和U16进行隔离；鉴相电路139的比较器U5和U6对信号进行整形，与非门U7和U8构成RS触发器，利用下跳沿触发特性提取两路输入信号的相位差，XTAL2作为时间信号发生器，由计数器记录相位差信号数值，并输入主控CPU11进行统计分析，实现信号相位的鉴别；其中的U5和U6均为TL082，U7、U8、U9、U10、U11、U12、U13和U14均为LVC2G00。The concrete AC resistance measuring unit 1 involved in this embodiment is internally integrated with a main control CPU 11, an excitation circuit 12, a measurement circuit 13 and a liquid crystal display circuit 14. The main control CPU 11 is respectively connected with the excitation circuit 12, the measurement circuit 13 and the liquid crystal display circuit. The circuit 14 is electrically connected, the excitation circuit 12 is electrically connected with the measurement circuit 13, and the liquid crystal screen display circuit 14 is electrically connected with the liquid crystal screen 15 provided outside the concrete AC resistance measuring unit 1; wherein, the main control CPU (central processing unit) 11 can monitor The signal waveform, amplitude and phase parameters of the circuit 13 are measured, and the channel parameters are adjusted according to the waveform characteristics; the data processing of the main control CPU 11 adopts the feedforward neural network algorithm, weighted analysis and data statistics are performed on the sampled values, and the data is calculated according to the characteristics of the concrete impedance spectrum. Data processing, calculating and measuring the anti-chloride ion permeability value of the concrete block, and sending the permeability value to the liquid crystal screen 15 for display; the excitation circuit 12 is composed of the DDS circuit 121, the filter circuit 122, the amplitude stabilization circuit 123, the current expansion The circuit 124 and the output port protection circuit 125 are formed; the excitation circuit 12 has a fast test speed, which can avoid the influence of polarization reaction and high temperature rise on the test accuracy, and the excitation circuit 12 can generate an alternating current with a voltage of 1 volt and a frequency of 1000 Hz. The signal provides a signal source for the measurement circuit 13; the DDS circuit 121 is a DDS digital frequency synthesis circuit, and the DDS signal generator U1 is an AD9833, which adopts the Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS for short) technology. The frequency stability and accuracy are improved to a level equivalent to the reference frequency, and fine frequency adjustment is performed in a wide frequency range. The signal source can work in the modulation state, and the output level can be adjusted to output various waveforms. DDS circuit 121 adopts the DDS chip AD9833 of DDS company of ADI company. The signal control parameters are input to the DDS generator U1 by the main control CPU11 through the SPI port (PIN6, PIN7 and PIN8) to control it to generate the corresponding sine signal, and the DDS circuit 121 generates the set frequency and The sine wave with the set amplitude is used as the excitation signal of the measurement circuit 13; the amplitude stabilization circuit 123 adopts the AGC automatic gain control circuit to lock the output signal amplitude at the expected value, wherein U2 and U3 are variable gain operational amplifier circuits, fixed The gain is determined by resistors R10 and R14; the control voltage is determined by the voltage difference between pins Pin1 and Pin2, the greater the voltage difference, the greater the gain; the required bias potential is set according to the potentiometer connected to pin Pin2; transistor Q1 It forms a detection circuit with Q2, and then integrates the voltage through the integrating capacitor C15 to drive and adjust the potential value of pin Pin1, thereby adjusting the voltage gain of U2 and U3; the potential value of pin Pin4 determines the output voltage amplitude, which is determined by resistors R6 and R7 respectively. and the voltage division value of the resistors R11 and R12; the current expansion circuit 124 and the output port protection circuit 125 are composed of the transistors Q3 and Q4 A push-pull circuit is formed to increase the output current to make up for the shortcoming of insufficient output current of the operational amplifier; the output port protection includes two protection circuits: one is that diodes D3 and D4 play a clamping role to prevent port overvoltage; the other is resistors R22 and R23 samples the port voltage, and then compares it with the voltage threshold set by the resistors R24 and R25. When the port touches an external charged body, and the voltage amplitude exceeds the set threshold, the main control CPU11 generates an interrupt signal to alarm and prompt; The U4A and U4B are both TL082; the measurement circuit 13 consists of a Kelvin detection circuit 131, a voltage amplifier circuit 132, a current amplifier circuit 133, a frequency selection circuit 134, a program-controlled amplifier circuit 135, a rectifier circuit 136, a sampling circuit 137, and an amplitude discrimination circuit. 138 and phase detection circuit 139 are formed; Kelvin detection circuit 131 can realize Kelvin four-wire detection, when measuring resistance Rt under test, apply excitation signal I on excitation loop HF and LF, and measure from detection loop HS and LS In order to significantly reduce the influence of resistors R100 and R200 on the measured value, at the same time, due to the extremely small detection loop current, the resistances R300 and R400 have little effect on the measured value, which can improve the measurement accuracy; U17 in the program-controlled amplifier circuit 135 adopts ADI's High-precision digital potentiometer, combined with operational amplifier circuit U18B to realize program-controlled amplification function, U18B is TL082, the resistance value accuracy of high-precision digital potentiometer is 1%, with 10Bit division, 1024-level adjustable resistance value, high resistance value linearity , can achieve accurate voltage amplification control, in which CTL-BUS is the main control CPU11 control bus, and the main control CPU11 sets the channel data of the digital potentiometer to adjust the gain of the program-controlled amplification; the sampling circuit 137 is performed by the integral capacitor C29. Sampling, the transistor Q5 is discharged, and the input and output terminals are isolated by operational amplifiers U15 and U16; the comparators U5 and U6 of the phase detection circuit 139 shape the signal, and the NAND gates U7 and U8 form an RS flip-flop, using the following The edge-jump trigger feature extracts the phase difference of the two input signals, XTAL2 is used as a time signal generator, the value of the phase difference signal is recorded by the counter, and input to the main control CPU11 for statistical analysis to realize the identification of the signal phase; U5 and U6 are both TL082, U7, U8, U9, U10, U11, U12, U13 and U14 are all LVC2G00.
本实施例涉及的有机玻璃试验槽单元2的主体结构包括槽体200、螺栓孔201、试件槽202、导电铜垫板203、一号螺钉孔204、导电铜片205、二号螺钉孔206、固定孔207、储液池208、排气孔209、电极导出孔210、注液孔211、三号螺钉孔212和四号螺钉孔213；矩形块状式结构的槽体200的四个角部设置有贯穿槽体200的圆柱形结构的螺栓孔201，槽体200的中心位置开设有试件槽202，试件槽202的底部槽口处设置有圆形带孔片状结构的导电铜垫板203，导电铜垫板203的边缘开设有圆形结构的一号螺钉孔204，导电铜垫板203通过矩形片状结构的导电铜片205上开设的二号螺钉孔206与导电铜片205螺钉式连接，导电铜片205的另一端开设有椭圆形结构的固定孔207，一号螺钉孔204、二号螺钉孔206与固定孔207位于同一条轴线上，槽体200的内部位于导电铜垫板203的下方开设有圆柱形结构的储液池208，储液池208的侧部依次设置有贯穿槽体200的圆柱形结构的排气孔209、电极导出孔210和注液孔211，槽体200上部还开设有圆柱形结构的三号螺钉孔212，电极导出孔210位于三号螺钉孔212的正后方，导电铜垫板203通过一号螺钉孔204和槽体200上开设的圆柱形结构的四号螺钉孔213与槽体200螺钉式连接，导电铜片205的一端由电极导出孔210伸出后通过导电铜片205上的固定孔207用螺钉固定在三号螺钉孔212中作为导线3的接入端。The main structure of the plexiglass test cell unit 2 involved in this embodiment includes a cell body 200 , a bolt hole 201 , a test piece slot 202 , a conductive copper backing plate 203 , a No. 1 screw hole 204 , a conductive copper sheet 205 , and a No. 2 screw hole 206 , fixing hole 207, liquid storage tank 208, exhaust hole 209, electrode lead-out hole 210, liquid injection hole 211, No. 3 screw hole 212 and No. 4 screw hole 213; the four corners of the tank body 200 of the rectangular block structure There is a cylindrical bolt hole 201 penetrating the groove body 200 at the bottom, a test piece slot 202 is opened in the center of the groove body 200, and a circular conductive copper plate with a hole sheet structure is provided at the bottom notch of the test piece groove 202. The backing plate 203, the edge of the conductive copper backing plate 203 is provided with a No. 1 screw hole 204 with a circular structure, and the conductive copper backing plate 203 passes through the No. 2 screw hole 206 opened on the conductive copper sheet 205 of the rectangular sheet structure and the conductive copper sheet. 205 screw type connection, the other end of the conductive copper sheet 205 is provided with a fixing hole 207 with an oval structure, the No. 1 screw hole 204, the No. 2 screw hole 206 and the fixing hole 207 are located on the same axis, and the inside of the groove body 200 is located in the conductive A cylindrically-structured liquid storage tank 208 is opened below the copper backing plate 203 , and a cylindrically-structured exhaust hole 209 , an electrode lead-out hole 210 and a liquid injection hole 211 are sequentially provided on the side of the liquid storage tank 208 penetrating the tank body 200 . The upper part of the tank body 200 is also provided with a No. 3 screw hole 212 with a cylindrical structure, the electrode lead-out hole 210 is located directly behind the No. 3 screw hole 212, and the conductive copper backing plate 203 passes through the No. The No. 4 screw hole 213 of the cylindrical structure is screwed to the groove body 200. One end of the conductive copper sheet 205 is protruded from the electrode lead-out hole 210 and then fixed to the No. 3 screw hole 212 through the fixing hole 207 on the conductive copper sheet 205 with screws. as the access end of wire 3.
本实施例涉及的混凝土交流电阻测量器单元1提供电压为1伏、频率为1000赫兹的交流电，测试速度快，能够避免极化反应和温升过高对测试精度的影响；液晶屏15能够直观便捷的显示电阻值和渗透性；试件槽202的边长大于导电铜垫板203的直径，导电铜垫板203的直径大于储液池208的直径；排气孔209作为储液池208中的气体的排放通道；电极导出孔210中的一段导电铜片205使用带有螺钉的电极进行固定；注液孔211为NaCl水溶液注入储液池208的通道；三号螺钉孔212是深度为1㎝的带有内螺纹的孔，用于拧入螺钉以固定弯折后的导电铜片205的一端。The concrete AC resistance measuring unit 1 involved in this embodiment provides AC with a voltage of 1 volt and a frequency of 1000 Hz, and the test speed is fast, which can avoid the influence of polarization reaction and high temperature rise on the test accuracy; the liquid crystal screen 15 can be intuitive Convenient display of resistance value and permeability; the side length of the specimen groove 202 is larger than the diameter of the conductive copper backing plate 203 , and the diameter of the conductive copper backing plate 203 is larger than the diameter of the liquid storage tank 208 ; A section of conductive copper sheet 205 in the electrode lead-out hole 210 is fixed with an electrode with a screw; the liquid injection hole 211 is a channel for the NaCl aqueous solution to be injected into the liquid storage tank 208; the No. 3 screw hole 212 is a depth of 1 ㎝ hole with internal thread for screwing in a screw to fix one end of the bent conductive copper sheet 205 .
实施例2：Example 2:
本实施例涉及的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量装置测量混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的方法称为交流电测法，分别采用交流电测法和电通量法对实验室制备的混凝土试件进行氯离子渗透性测量，实验室制备的混凝土试件是以P.O 52.5普通硅酸盐水泥、细度模数为3.12的河砂、5-20mm连续级配的碎石、江苏苏博特新材料股份有限公司生产的聚羧酸系高效减水剂和青岛本地自来水为原料，按照水灰比为0.6，水泥300kg/m3、石子1191kg/m3、砂699kg/m3、水160kg/m3、减水剂1.11kg/m3的配合比制备的直径为100mm，高为50mm的三个圆柱体试件，在水中养护至7天和28天，分别对三个试件先进行交流电阻测试，后进行电通量法测试：The method for measuring the resistance to chloride ion permeability of concrete by the concrete chloride ion permeability measuring device involved in this embodiment is called alternating current measurement method. The concrete specimens prepared in the laboratory are made of PO 52.5 ordinary Portland cement, river sand with a fineness modulus of 3.12, and 5-20mm continuously graded crushed stone, produced by Jiangsu Subote New Materials Co., Ltd. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer and Qingdao local tap water are used as raw materials. According to the water-cement ratio of 0.6, cement 300kg/m3 , stone 1191kg/m3 , sand 699kg/m3 , water 160kg/m3 , water reducing agent Three cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 50 mm prepared with a mixing ratio of 1.11 kg/m3 were cured in water for 7 days and 28 days. Flux test:
养护7天时，根据交流电阻测量值和试件规格得到交流电阻率代表值为41.23Ω·m，按照表1的评定标准评价结果为渗透性高；电通量代表值为5480C，按照表2的评定标准评价结果为渗透性高；表明交流电测法与电通量法的评价结果一致。When curing for 7 days, the representative value of AC resistivity was 41.23Ω·m according to the measured value of AC resistance and the specifications of the specimen, and the evaluation result according to the evaluation standard in Table 1 was high permeability; the representative value of electric flux was 5480C, according to The evaluation result of the evaluation standard is high permeability; it shows that the evaluation results of the alternating current measurement method and the electric flux method are consistent.
养护28天时，根据交流电阻测量值和试件规格得到交流电阻率代表值为96.62Ω·m按照表1的评定标准评价结果为渗透性高；电通量代表值为4393C；按照表2的评定标准评价结果为渗透性高；表明交流电测法与电通量法的评价结果一致。When curing for 28 days, according to the measured value of AC resistance and the specifications of the specimen, the representative value of AC resistivity is 96.62Ω·m. According to the evaluation standard in Table 1, the evaluation result is high permeability; the representative value of electric flux is 4393C; The standard evaluation result is high permeability; it shows that the evaluation results of the alternating current measurement method and the electric flux method are consistent.
表1：交流电测法测量混凝土氯离子渗透性的评定标准Table 1: Criteria for evaluating the chloride ion permeability of concrete measured by the alternating current method
表2：电通量法测量混凝土氯离子渗透性的评定标准Table 2: Evaluation standard for measuring chloride ion permeability of concrete by electroflux method
实施例3：Example 3:
本实施例涉及的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量装置测量混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的方法称为交流电测法，分别采用交流电测法和电通量法对实际工程中的混凝土取芯试件进行氯离子渗透性测量，混凝土取芯试件的配合比为：水灰比0.32，水泥470kg/m3、石子1044kg/m3、河砂726kg/m3、水151kg/m3、外加剂5.17kg/m3，测试龄期为210天和212天，先进行交流电阻测试，然后进行电通量法测试：The method for measuring the resistance to chloride ion permeability of concrete by the concrete chloride ion permeability measuring device involved in this embodiment is called alternating current measurement method. For the measurement of ion permeability, the mixing ratio of the concrete cored specimen is: water-cement ratio 0.32, cement 470kg/m3 , stone 1044kg/m3 , river sand 726kg/m3 , water 151kg/m3 , admixture 5.17kg/ m3 , the test age is 210 days and 212 days, the AC resistance test is carried out first, and then the electric flux method test is carried out:
龄期210天时，根据交流电阻测量值和试件规格得到交流电阻率代表值为1626.56Ω·m，按照表1的评定标准评价结果为渗透性很低；电通量代表值为162C，按照表2的评定标准评价结果为渗透性很低；表明本交流电测法与电通量法的评价结果一致。When the age is 210 days, the representative value of AC resistivity is 1626.56Ω·m according to the measured value of AC resistance and the specifications of the specimen. According to the evaluation standard in Table 1, the evaluation result is that the permeability is very low; the representative value of electric flux is 162C, according to the table. The evaluation result of the evaluation standard of 2 is that the permeability is very low; it shows that the evaluation results of this alternating current measurement method and the electric flux method are consistent.
龄期212天时，根据交流电阻测量值和试件规格得到交流电阻率代表值为96.62Ω·m，按照表1的评定标准评价结果为渗透性很低；电通量代表值为407C，按照表2的评定标准评价结果为渗透性很低；表明交流电测法与电通量法的评价结果一致。When the age is 212 days, the representative value of AC resistivity is 96.62Ω·m according to the measured value of AC resistance and the specifications of the specimen. According to the evaluation standard in Table 1, the evaluation result is that the permeability is very low; the representative value of electric flux is 407C, according to Table 1. The evaluation result of the evaluation standard of 2 is that the permeability is very low; it shows that the evaluation results of the alternating current measurement method and the electric flux method are consistent.
实施例4：Example 4:
本实施例涉及的混凝土抗氯离子渗透性测量装置测量混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的方法称为交流电测法，分别采用交流电测法和电通量法对实验室制备的混凝土试件进行氯离子渗透性测量，实验室制备的混凝土试件是按照水灰比为0.2-0.6的不同配合比制备的一批直径为100mm，高为50mm的圆柱体混凝土试件，养护至7天、14天、28天和56天，共计56组，每组3个混凝土试件，每组混凝土试件同时采用交流电测法和电通量法测量，每组取3个混凝土试件电阻率的算术平均值作为该组混凝土试件的电阻率代表值，当最大值或最小值与中间值的差值超过中间值的15％时，取其余两个混凝土试件的电阻率值的算术平均值作为该组混凝土试件的试验结果测定值；当有两个测定值与中间值的差值都超过中间值15％，取中间值作为测定值，评定标准见表1，由交流电阻率换算得到的交流电导率与电通量法的测量结果线性关系图，表明：由交流电阻率换算得到的交流电导率与电通量法的测量结果之间具有良好的相关性，交流电测法与电通量法的测量结果相关性达到了0.9002，交流电测法与电通量法的评价结果趋于一致；其中，从液晶屏15直接读取的电阻值按照公式：The method for measuring the resistance to chloride ion permeability of concrete by the concrete chloride ion permeability measuring device involved in this embodiment is called alternating current measurement method. The concrete specimens prepared in the laboratory are a batch of cylindrical concrete specimens with a diameter of 100mm and a height of 50mm prepared according to different mix ratios of water-cement ratio of 0.2-0.6, and cured for 7 days, 14 days, 28 days Day and 56 days, a total of 56 groups, each group of 3 concrete specimens, each group of concrete specimens were measured by the alternating current method and the electric flux method at the same time, and the arithmetic mean of the resistivity of the 3 concrete specimens in each group was taken as the The representative value of resistivity of a group of concrete specimens, when the difference between the maximum or minimum value and the median value exceeds 15% of the median value, the arithmetic mean of the resistivity values of the remaining two concrete specimens is taken as the concrete specimen of this group. When the difference between two measured values and the middle value exceeds 15% of the middle value, the middle value is taken as the measured value. The evaluation standard is shown in Table 1. The AC conductivity converted from the AC resistivity and The linear relationship diagram of the measurement results of the electric flux method shows that there is a good correlation between the AC conductivity converted from the AC resistivity and the measurement results of the electric flux method. The measurement results of the AC electric measurement method and the electric flux method The correlation reaches 0.9002, and the evaluation results of the alternating current measurement method and the electric flux method tend to be consistent; among them, the resistance value directly read from the liquid crystal screen 15 is according to the formula:
换算电阻率，式中，ρ为混凝土试件的电阻率，精确到1Ω·m，R为混凝土试件的电阻，精确到1Ω，S为混凝土试件与NaCl水溶液接触的端面面积(mm2)，精确到1mm2，L为混凝土试件的厚度(mm)，精确到1mm。 Converted resistivity, in the formula, ρ is the resistivity of the concrete specimen, accurate to 1Ω·m, R is the resistance of the concrete specimen, accurate to 1Ω, S is the end surface area of the concrete specimen in contact with the NaCl aqueous solution (mm2 ) , accurate to 1mm2 , L is the thickness of the concrete specimen (mm), accurate to 1mm.
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| CN201910456442.XACN110082278A (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Method for measuring chloride ion permeability resistance of concrete |
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| CN201910456442.XACN110082278A (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Method for measuring chloride ion permeability resistance of concrete |
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| CN201910456442.XAPendingCN110082278A (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Method for measuring chloride ion permeability resistance of concrete |
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