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CN110039992A - Electric bridge driving system and vehicle - Google Patents

Electric bridge driving system and vehicle
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Publication number
CN110039992A
CN110039992ACN201810036418.6ACN201810036418ACN110039992ACN 110039992 ACN110039992 ACN 110039992ACN 201810036418 ACN201810036418 ACN 201810036418ACN 110039992 ACN110039992 ACN 110039992A
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gear
drive system
sliding sleeve
bridge
torque
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刘磊
钟虎
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种电桥驱动系统和交通工具,所述电桥驱动系统包括:电机、电机轴、第一齿轮传动装置、中间轴和第二齿轮传动装置,其中,所述电机轴与所述电机抗扭连接,并且电机轴通过第一齿轮传动装置向中间轴传递扭矩,所述中间轴通过第二齿轮传动装置输出扭矩。根据本发明,所述第二齿轮传动装置具有能移动的滑套,其中,所述滑套能移动到输出扭矩的扭矩传递位置,或者移动到不输出扭矩的中断传递位置。此外,本发明还公开一种具有这种电桥驱动系统的交通工具。

The invention discloses an electric bridge drive system and a vehicle. The electric bridge drive system includes: a motor, a motor shaft, a first gear transmission device, an intermediate shaft and a second gear transmission device, wherein the motor shaft and all The motor is connected in a torque-proof manner, and the motor shaft transmits torque to the intermediate shaft through the first gear transmission, and the intermediate shaft outputs torque through the second gear transmission. According to the invention, the second gear transmission has a movable sliding sleeve, wherein the sliding sleeve can be moved into a torque transmission position in which torque is output or into an interrupted transmission position in which no torque is output. In addition, the present invention also discloses a vehicle with such an electric bridge drive system.

Description

Translated fromChinese
电桥驱动系统和交通工具Axle drive systems and vehicles

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种电桥驱动系统,包括:电机,电机轴,第一齿轮传动装置、中间轴和第二齿轮传动装置,其中,电机轴与电机抗扭连接,并且电机轴通过第一齿轮传动装置向中间轴传递扭矩,中间轴通过第二齿轮转动装置输出扭矩。此外,本发明还涉及具有这种电桥驱动系统的交通工具。The invention relates to an electric bridge drive system, comprising: a motor, a motor shaft, a first gear transmission, an intermediate shaft and a second gear transmission, wherein the motor shaft is connected with the motor in a torsion-proof manner, and the motor shaft is driven by the first gear The device transmits torque to the intermediate shaft, and the intermediate shaft outputs torque through the second gear rotating device. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a vehicle with such an axle drive system.

背景技术Background technique

电动汽车的电力驱动方式基本上可分为中央电机驱动和轮毂电机驱动两种。由电动机、固定速比减速器和差速器等构成中央电机驱动系统。在这种驱动系统中,由于没有离合器和变速器,因此可以减少机械传动装置的体积和质量。中央电机驱动系统也可以有另一种布置形式,它与前轮驱动、横向前置发动机的燃油汽车的布置形式相似,将电动机、固定速比减速器和差速器集成一体,两根半轴连接两个驱动车轮,这种布置形式称为电桥驱动系统(eAxle驱动系统),这种布置形式在小型电动汽车上应用最普遍。The electric drive modes of electric vehicles can basically be divided into two types: central motor drive and in-wheel motor drive. The central motor drive system is composed of an electric motor, a fixed ratio reducer and a differential. In this drive system, the size and mass of the mechanical transmission can be reduced due to the absence of clutches and transmissions. The central motor drive system can also have another arrangement, which is similar to the arrangement of the front-wheel-drive, transverse front-engine fuel vehicle, integrating the electric motor, the fixed-speed reducer and the differential, and two half shafts. Connecting the two drive wheels, this arrangement is called an axle drive system (eAxle drive system), and this arrangement is most commonly used on small electric vehicles.

由CN 105620259A已知一种具有变速功能的电桥驱动系统,其电机和行星齿轮组的太阳轮依次沿输入轴设置,行星齿轮组的齿圈与壳体固定,输入轴与输出轴可扭转地同轴设置。利用同步器能择一地将输入轴和行星齿轮组的行星架上的动力传递到输出轴,或者将中断动力传递。但是,这种系统并不能实现对输入轴的制动,即停车功能。如果要实现停车功能(使得动力轴被制动)仍需要较复杂的附加装置。此外,由于只有行星齿轮组及单级齿轮组传动,所以很难实现较高的速比。From CN 105620259A, an electric bridge drive system with variable speed function is known. The motor and the sun gear of the planetary gear set are arranged along the input shaft in turn, the ring gear of the planetary gear set is fixed to the housing, and the input shaft and the output shaft can be twisted. Coaxial setup. The use of a synchronizer can alternatively transfer the power from the input shaft and the planet carrier of the planetary gear set to the output shaft, or the power transfer will be interrupted. However, this system cannot realize the braking of the input shaft, that is, the parking function. A more complex additional device is still required if the parking function is to be implemented (so that the power shaft is braked). In addition, since there are only planetary gear sets and single-stage gear set transmission, it is difficult to achieve higher speed ratios.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

因此,本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种改进的电桥驱动系统,在紧凑的空间内能够实现较高的速比,并且以简单的结构同时实现动力传递功能、动力切断功能和停车功能。Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an improved electric bridge drive system, which can achieve a higher speed ratio in a compact space, and simultaneously realize the power transmission function, the power cut-off function and the parking function with a simple structure. Function.

所述技术问题通过一种电桥驱动系统所解决,所述电桥驱动系统包括:电机、电机轴、第一齿轮传动装置、中间轴和第二齿轮传动装置,其中,所述电机轴与所述电机抗扭连接,并且所述电机轴通过第一齿轮传动装置向所述中间轴传递扭矩,所述中间轴通过第二齿轮传动装置输出扭矩。根据本发明,所述第二齿轮传动装置具有能移动的滑套,其中,所述滑套能移动到输出扭矩的扭矩传递位置,或者移动到不输出扭矩的中断传递位置。因此,仅通过简单的能移动的滑套装置,就可实现电桥驱动系统的动力传递和动力中断,简化了电桥驱动系统并降低了成本。The technical problem is solved by an electric bridge drive system, the electric bridge drive system includes: a motor, a motor shaft, a first gear transmission, an intermediate shaft and a second gear transmission, wherein the motor shaft is connected to the The motor is connected torsionally, and the motor shaft transmits torque to the intermediate shaft through a first gear transmission, and the intermediate shaft outputs torque through a second gear transmission. According to the invention, the second gear transmission has a movable sliding sleeve, wherein the sliding sleeve can be moved into a torque transmission position in which torque is output or into an interrupted transmission position in which no torque is output. Therefore, only through a simple movable sliding sleeve device, the power transmission and power interruption of the electric axle drive system can be realized, which simplifies the electric axle drive system and reduces the cost.

根据本发明的优选实施方式,第二齿轮传动装置还具有与中间轴和滑套抗扭连接的齿毂和能输出扭矩的结合齿,其中,滑套能够在齿毂上移动,并且滑套在扭矩传递位置上与结合齿抗扭连接,在中断传递位置上与结合齿分离。根据本发明,结合齿与差速器抗扭的连接并且通过轴承被支承在中间轴上。在扭矩传递位置上,中间轴通过齿毂、滑套将扭矩借助结合齿传递到差速器;在中断传递位置,由于滑套与结合齿分离,从而中断了系统的动力传递。因此,在滑套处于扭矩传递位置时,电机先后通过电机轴、第一齿轮传动装置、中间轴以及第二齿轮传动装置将扭矩传递到差速器,从而带动车轮转动,因此,滑套的这个位置类似于自动变速器的D挡;在滑套处于中断传递位置时,由于滑套与结合齿分离,因而动力在此被中断,来自电机的扭矩只能带动齿毂和滑套空转,而不会将动力继续传递给差速器,因此,滑套的这个位置类似于自动变速器的N挡。同样地来自车轮的动力也不会传递给电机,从而实现了对电机的保护。此外,由于增加了中间轴,从而在紧凑的空间内提高了速比,降低了电机的需求转矩,从而降低了电机的成本,进而降低了电桥驱动系统的成本。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second gear transmission further has a toothed hub that is torque-resistantly connected to the intermediate shaft and the sliding sleeve, and coupling teeth capable of outputting torque, wherein the sliding sleeve can move on the toothed hub, and the sliding sleeve is located on the toothed hub. In the torque transmission position, it is connected to the coupling teeth in a torque-proof manner, and in the interrupted transmission position, it is disconnected from the coupling teeth. According to the invention, the coupling teeth are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the differential and are supported on the countershaft by means of bearings. In the torque transmission position, the intermediate shaft transmits the torque to the differential through the gear hub and the sliding sleeve through the coupling teeth; in the interruption transmission position, the power transmission of the system is interrupted due to the separation of the sliding sleeve and the coupling teeth. Therefore, when the sliding sleeve is in the torque transmission position, the motor transmits torque to the differential through the motor shaft, the first gear transmission device, the intermediate shaft and the second gear transmission device successively, thereby driving the wheels to rotate. The position is similar to the D gear of the automatic transmission; when the sliding sleeve is in the transmission interruption position, the power is interrupted here because the sliding sleeve is separated from the coupling teeth, and the torque from the motor can only drive the gear hub and the sliding sleeve to idle, not The power continues to be transmitted to the differential, so this position of the sliding sleeve is similar to the N gear of an automatic transmission. Likewise, the power from the wheels will not be transmitted to the motor, thus realizing the protection of the motor. In addition, due to the addition of the intermediate shaft, the speed ratio is increased in a compact space, and the required torque of the motor is reduced, thereby reducing the cost of the motor and thus the cost of the bridge drive system.

根据本发明的另外的优选实施方式,滑套还能移动到制动位置,在该制动位置上滑套被制动。在该制动位置上,由于滑套与第二齿轮传动装置的结合齿接合,而第二齿轮传动装置的结合齿与差速器抗扭连接,因而在该位置上滑套被制动,会导致差速器被锁止。因此滑套的这个位置类似于自动变速器的P挡。因而,仅通过简单的装置就实现了电桥驱动系统的动力传递、空转和停车功能。有利的是,根据本发明的电桥驱动系统具有固定的壳体,滑套在制动位置上与所述壳体抗扭的连接。因而,节省部件和结构简单地实现了滑套的制动。进一步优选的是,滑套与壳体通过齿形离合器连接。例如,在滑套和壳体上分别固定一对嵌合副的齿牙,在滑套运动到制动位置上时,滑套的齿牙和壳体上的齿牙相啮合,从而使得滑套被制动。According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the sliding sleeve can also be moved into a braking position in which the sliding sleeve is braked. In this braking position, since the sliding sleeve engages with the engaging teeth of the second gear transmission, and the engaging teeth of the second gear transmission are connected to the differential in a rotationally fixed manner, the sliding sleeve is braked in this position, and the cause the differential to lock up. Therefore, this position of the sliding sleeve is similar to the P gear of an automatic transmission. Thus, the power transmission, idling and parking functions of the axle drive system are realized only by simple means. Advantageously, the axle drive system according to the invention has a fixed housing with which the sliding sleeve is connected in a rotationally fixed manner in the braking position. Thus, the braking of the sliding sleeve can be achieved simply by saving parts and a structure. Further preferably, the sliding sleeve is connected with the housing through a toothed clutch. For example, a pair of teeth of the fitting pair are respectively fixed on the sliding sleeve and the casing. When the sliding sleeve moves to the braking position, the teeth of the sliding sleeve and the teeth on the casing are engaged, so that the sliding sleeve is is braked.

根据本发明的另外的优选实施方式,第一齿轮传动装置包括与电机轴抗扭连接的行星齿轮单元和与行星齿轮单元抗扭连接的第一传动齿轮。有利的是,第一传动齿轮借助轴承,尤其是滚针轴承支承在电机轴上,并且该第一传动齿轮将扭矩传递给中间轴。根据本发明优选的是,行星齿轮单元包括太阳轮、行星轮、行星架和齿圈,其中,太阳轮作为动力输入端,行星支架作为动力输出端。优选的是,太阳轮通过花键与电机轴连接,从而与电机轴形成抗扭连接。进一步优选的是,齿圈被固定,尤其将齿圈固定在壳体上,并且行星架与齿轮单元抗扭连接。进一步优选的是,行星架与齿轮单元集成式设计或通过花键连接。另外优选的是,第二齿轮传动装置的结合齿具有向差速器传递扭矩的第二传动齿轮,其中,第二传动齿轮借助轴承支承在所述中间轴上。According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first gear transmission comprises a planetary gear unit connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the motor shaft and a first transmission gear connected rotationally fixedly with the planetary gear unit. Advantageously, the first transmission gear is supported on the motor shaft by means of bearings, in particular needle bearings, and transmits the torque to the countershaft. Preferably according to the present invention, the planetary gear unit includes a sun gear, a planetary gear, a planetary carrier and a ring gear, wherein the sun gear is used as a power input end, and the planetary carrier is used as a power output end. Preferably, the sun gear is connected with the motor shaft through splines, thereby forming a torsion-resistant connection with the motor shaft. It is further preferred that the ring gear is fastened, in particular to the housing, and that the planet carrier is connected to the gear unit in a rotationally fixed manner. Further preferably, the planet carrier and the gear unit are designed integrally or connected by splines. It is also preferred that the coupling teeth of the second gear unit have a second transmission gear which transmits torque to the differential, wherein the second transmission gear is supported on the countershaft by means of a bearing.

所述技术问题还被一种交通工具所解决。所述交通工具,尤其机动车,包括具有上述技术特征的电桥驱动系统。Said technical problem is also solved by a vehicle. Said vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprises an axle drive system having the above-mentioned technical features.

附图说明Description of drawings

下面结合附图详细阐述根据本发明的优选实施例。The preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

图1示出根据本发明的电桥驱动系统的示意图。FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a bridge drive system according to the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

图1示出具有电机1的电桥驱动系统的示意图,该电桥驱动系统可以被用于纯电动系统或者混合动力系统。该电桥驱动系统具有一个电机轴2,中间轴10和差速器19,其中,电机轴2、中间轴10以及差速器19的输出轴不共轴。FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an axle drive system with an electric machine 1 , which can be used in a purely electric system or a hybrid system. The axle drive system has a motor shaft 2 , an intermediate shaft 10 and a differential 19 , wherein the motor shaft 2 , the intermediate shaft 10 and the output shaft of the differential 19 are not coaxial.

电机1的扭矩通过电机轴2输出,该电机轴2被滚珠轴承3和4在径向上支承。行星齿轮单元5具有太阳轮、行星轮、行星架7和齿圈6。行星齿轮单元5的太阳轮通过花键与电机轴2抗扭连接,行星齿轮单元5的齿圈6被固定在壳体上,行星齿轮单元5的行星架7与齿轮单元8集成式设计,从而使得齿轮单元8能够被行星齿轮单元5带动。齿轮单元8通过滚针轴承9支承在电机轴2上。The torque of the motor 1 is output through a motor shaft 2 which is radially supported by ball bearings 3 and 4 . The planetary gear unit 5 has a sun gear, planet gears, a planet carrier 7 and a ring gear 6 . The sun gear of the planetary gear unit 5 is connected to the motor shaft 2 through splines in a torsion-resistant manner, the ring gear 6 of the planetary gear unit 5 is fixed on the housing, and the planet carrier 7 of the planetary gear unit 5 is integrated with the gear unit 8. The gear unit 8 can be driven by the planetary gear unit 5 . The gear unit 8 is supported on the motor shaft 2 via needle bearings 9 .

中间轴10与电机轴2不共轴地设置,且被滚珠轴承11和12在径向上支承。在中间轴10上通过花键连接有中间齿轮25,该中间齿轮25与齿轮单元8啮合,因此通过齿轮单元8带动中间齿轮25从而带动中间轴10转动。在中间轴10上还设有齿毂15,齿毂15与中间轴10为一体式或者通过花键抗扭地连接。在齿毂15的外周设有能移动的滑套16,滑套16能够在齿毂15上移动,因而滑套16与齿毂15一直抗扭连接。例如,能够使用电机来控制滑套16的移动。在滑套16上固定连接或者可拆卸式连接有结合齿14,而结合齿14被集成在传动齿轮13上,该传动齿轮13通过滚针轴承24被支承在中间轴10上,且传动齿轮13与差速器19抗扭的连接,因而传动齿轮13能够将扭矩传递给差速器19,随后差速器19带动半轴22和23转动。半轴22和23分别被滚动轴承20和21支承。The intermediate shaft 10 is arranged non-coaxially with the motor shaft 2 and is radially supported by ball bearings 11 and 12 . An intermediate gear 25 is connected to the intermediate shaft 10 through splines, and the intermediate gear 25 meshes with the gear unit 8 , so the intermediate gear 25 is driven by the gear unit 8 to drive the intermediate shaft 10 to rotate. A toothed hub 15 is also provided on the intermediate shaft 10 , and the toothed hub 15 is integrally connected with the intermediate shaft 10 or is connected in a rotationally fixed manner by means of splines. A movable sliding sleeve 16 is provided on the outer circumference of the gear hub 15 , and the sliding sleeve 16 can move on the gear hub 15 , so that the sliding sleeve 16 and the gear hub 15 are always connected with the gear hub 15 in an anti-rotation manner. For example, a motor can be used to control the movement of the sliding sleeve 16 . A coupling tooth 14 is fixedly or detachably connected to the sliding sleeve 16 , and the coupling tooth 14 is integrated on the transmission gear 13 , the transmission gear 13 is supported on the intermediate shaft 10 through a needle bearing 24 , and the transmission gear 13 The torque-proof connection to the differential 19 enables the transmission gear 13 to transmit torque to the differential 19 , which in turn drives the axle shafts 22 and 23 in rotation. The half shafts 22 and 23 are supported by rolling bearings 20 and 21, respectively.

通过滑套16的移动,能使得电桥驱动系统进入三种不同的状态:Through the movement of the sliding sleeve 16, the bridge drive system can enter three different states:

1)扭矩传递位置。当滑套16移动到与结合齿14连接的扭矩传递位置上时,齿毂15能够带动滑套16转动,进而带动结合齿14和传动齿轮13转动。从而实现了完整的动力传递路径:电机1-电机轴2-行星齿轮单元5-齿轮单元8-中间齿轮25-中间轴10-齿毂15-滑套16-结合齿14-传动齿轮13-差速器19-半轴22和23-车轮。1) Torque transmission position. When the sliding sleeve 16 moves to the torque transmission position connected with the coupling teeth 14 , the gear hub 15 can drive the sliding sleeve 16 to rotate, thereby driving the coupling teeth 14 and the transmission gear 13 to rotate. Thus, a complete power transmission path is realized: motor 1 - motor shaft 2 - planetary gear unit 5 - gear unit 8 - intermediate gear 25 - intermediate shaft 10 - tooth hub 15 - sliding sleeve 16 - combined tooth 14 - transmission gear 13 - difference Gearbox 19 - Axle 22 and 23 - Wheels.

2)中断传递位置。当滑套16移动到与结合齿14分离的位置,即与结合齿14不连接的位置上时,齿毂15只会带动滑套16转动,即齿毂15和滑套16空转。这时车辆可以处于滑行状态或者静止状态。若车辆处于滑行状态,则车轮能够带动差速器的齿轮转动,从而带动传动齿轮13、结合齿14转动,由于滑套16与结合齿14已经分离,所以这种运动不会继续传递,因此也形成了对电机1的保护。2) Interrupt delivery position. When the sliding sleeve 16 moves to a position separated from the coupling teeth 14 , that is, a position not connected to the coupling teeth 14 , the toothed hub 15 will only drive the sliding sleeve 16 to rotate, that is, the toothed hub 15 and the sliding sleeve 16 rotate idly. At this time, the vehicle can be in a coasting state or a stationary state. If the vehicle is in a sliding state, the wheels can drive the gears of the differential to rotate, thereby driving the transmission gear 13 and the coupling teeth 14 to rotate. Since the sliding sleeve 16 and the coupling teeth 14 have been separated, this movement will not continue to be transmitted, so it is also The protection of the motor 1 is formed.

3)制动位置。在壳体18上设有齿形离合器17的齿牙,并且在滑套16的相应的位置上设有与该齿牙相匹配的齿牙,这两个齿牙构成一对嵌合副并由此构成齿形离合器17。当滑套16移动到两个齿牙相互啮合的位置上时,即齿形离合器17闭合的位置上时,由于壳体18使得滑套16被制动,在此位置上滑套16如果仍与结合齿14相连接,则在该制动位置上能够使得差速器19被锁止,进而使得车轮也被制动。因此,该制动位置能够被应用为该电桥驱动系统的停车挡。3) Brake position. The housing 18 is provided with the teeth of the toothed clutch 17, and the corresponding positions of the sliding sleeve 16 are provided with teeth that match the teeth. These two teeth form a pair of fitting pairs and are formed by This constitutes the tooth clutch 17 . When the sliding sleeve 16 moves to the position where the two teeth mesh with each other, that is, the position where the toothed clutch 17 is closed, the sliding sleeve 16 is braked due to the housing 18. At this position, if the sliding sleeve 16 is still in contact with the The connection of the coupling teeth 14 makes it possible in this braking position to lock the differential 19 and thus also to brake the wheels. Therefore, the braking position can be applied as a parking gear for the axle drive system.

虽然在上述说明中示例性地描述了可能的实施例,但是应该理解到,仍然通过所有已知的和此外技术人员容易想到的技术特征和实施方式的组合存在大量实施例的变化。此外还应该理解到,示例性的实施方式仅仅作为一个例子,这种实施例绝不以任何形式限制本发明的保护范围、应用和构造。通过前述说明更多地是向技术人员提供一种用于转化至少一个示例性实施方式的技术指导,其中,只要不脱离权利要求书的保护范围,便可以进行各种改变,尤其是关于所述部件的功能和结构方面的改变。Although possible embodiments have been exemplarily described in the above description, it should be understood that there are still numerous variations of embodiments through all known and further combinations of technical features and implementations that are readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, it should be understood that the exemplary embodiment is merely an example, and such an embodiment in no way limits the scope, applicability, and configuration of the present invention. The foregoing description is more of a technical guide for the skilled person to transform at least one exemplary embodiment, wherein various changes may be made without departing from the scope of protection of the claims, especially with regard to the described Changes in the function and structure of components.

Claims (10)

CN201810036418.6A2018-01-152018-01-15Electric bridge driving system and vehiclePendingCN110039992A (en)

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