技术领域technical field
本发明涉及土体渗流试验装置，尤其涉及一种多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置及测试方法。The invention relates to a soil seepage test device, in particular to a two-way soil seepage test device and a test method for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling.
背景技术Background technique
土体的渗流问题对于岩土工程的结构安全有着重要的影响，甚至影响到城市公共安全，以边坡工程为例，边坡工程主要由土体颗粒组成，在强降雨下，边坡工程的滑坡事故屡见不鲜，同时，堤坝工程等土石组成的结构在水位提高的条件下引起的渗透破坏也极为常见。因此，如何科学地，贴近工程实际条件地开展土样渗透试验，研究复杂渗透条件作用下的复杂地质条件中的土体渗透水力学变化规律对于理解和预防岩土工程渗透导致的工程事故有重要意义。现有的土体渗流试验手段和条件普遍较为传统和落后，大部分的渗透试验对象土体是均质土体，同时渗透试验加载条件也较为单一基本上为单向渗透加载试验，而且非扰动的渗透土体内部的渗流状态变化很难观察到。The seepage problem of soil has an important impact on the structural safety of geotechnical engineering, and even affects urban public safety. Taking slope engineering as an example, the slope engineering is mainly composed of soil particles. Landslide accidents are not uncommon, and at the same time, the seepage damage of structures composed of earth and rock, such as dam projects, is also very common under the condition of increasing water level. Therefore, how to carry out soil sample infiltration tests scientifically and close to the actual engineering conditions, and study the hydraulic change law of soil infiltration in complex geological conditions under the action of complex infiltration conditions is important for understanding and preventing engineering accidents caused by geotechnical engineering infiltration. significance. The existing soil seepage test methods and conditions are generally more traditional and backward. Most of the soils of the penetration test objects are homogeneous soils, and the loading conditions of the penetration test are relatively simple. It is difficult to observe the change of seepage state inside the permeable soil.
一方面，考虑到实际岩土工程的复杂性，由于地质成因等因素影响，实际的岩土工程现场的土样极少出现均匀的土样，而且较为复杂的情况为两层低渗透特性相同的土样中间夹含了一层高渗透特性的土样，这种复杂土样的渗透问题研究极少被涉及和讨论。已有的实验技术并不能较好地解决这种复杂土样的制样问题，现有的渗透试验模型箱基本以一个完整的模型箱为试验对象，在渗透土样的制备过程中并不能根据研究问题的需要有针对性地制备某一层土（包括中间高渗透性夹层土样）并控制该土样的相关物理特性如密度，压实度，强度等。On the one hand, considering the complexity of the actual geotechnical engineering, due to the influence of geological factors and other factors, the soil samples in the actual geotechnical engineering site rarely show uniform soil samples, and the more complicated situation is that the two layers have the same low permeability characteristics. A layer of soil samples with high permeability is sandwiched between the soil samples, and the research on the permeability of such complex soil samples is rarely involved and discussed. The existing experimental technology can not solve the problem of such complex soil sample preparation well. The existing model box for infiltration test basically takes a complete model box as the test object, and cannot The research problem needs to prepare a certain layer of soil (including the intermediate high permeability interlayer soil sample) and control the relevant physical properties of the soil sample such as density, compaction, strength, etc.
另一方面，传统试验装置的加载条件较为简单，基本上以单一的水压加载为主，而且较落后的提高梯度水头进行水压加载的方法仍然被广泛应用，此类的加载方法的水压加载量程有限，达不到高量程的渗透压力，因此对于研究大型边坡或者土石坝等高渗透压力的工程问题束手无策。同时，现有的渗透试验几乎全为单向的渗透试验，面对复杂工程渗流问题的时候，也没有办法解决。所以，有必要发明一种可以达到高渗透压力的，并可实现双向渗流加载的土体渗流试验装置。On the other hand, the loading conditions of the traditional test device are relatively simple, mainly based on a single hydraulic loading, and the relatively backward method of increasing the gradient head for hydraulic loading is still widely used. The loading range is limited, and the seepage pressure of the high range cannot be reached, so it is helpless to study engineering problems with high seepage pressure such as large slopes or earth-rock dams. At the same time, the existing penetration tests are almost all unidirectional penetration tests, and there is no way to solve the problem of complex engineering seepage. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a soil seepage test device that can achieve high osmotic pressure and can realize bidirectional seepage loading.
此外，由于现有试验手段都以一个完整的土压为渗流研究对象，如果需要研究一定深度土体的渗流状态时，无可避免的要挖取所研究深度上部的土体，并对研究土体产生了扰动影响了土体原状结构，不能得到真实原状土样的渗流状态。In addition, since the existing test methods all take a complete earth pressure as the seepage research object, if it is necessary to study the seepage state of the soil at a certain depth, it is inevitable to excavate the soil at the upper part of the research depth, and conduct the research on the soil. The disturbance of the soil body affects the original structure of the soil body, and the seepage state of the real undisturbed soil sample cannot be obtained.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决现有技术中的问题，本发明提供了一种多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置及测试方法。In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a bidirectional soil seepage test device and a test method for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling.
本发明提供了一种多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置，包括渗流模型箱、渗流试验加载装置、渗流试验传感监测系统和渗流试验控制系统，所述渗流试验控制系统分别与所述渗流试验加载装置、渗流试验传感监测系统连接，所述渗流试验加载装置、渗流试验传感监测系统分别与所述渗流模型箱连接，设定从所述渗流模型箱的顶部向底部渗流为正向渗流，从所述渗流模型箱的底部向顶部渗流为反向渗流，所述渗流试验加载装置包括正向渗流加载装置和反向渗流加载装置，所述渗流模型箱包括至少两个上下层叠设置的箱室，所述上下相邻的箱室之间为可拆卸可装配连接，所述正向渗流加载装置与位于所述渗流模型箱顶部的箱室连接，所述反向渗流加载装置与位于所述渗流模型箱底部的箱室连接。The invention provides a bidirectional soil seepage test device for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling, comprising a seepage model box, a seepage test loading device, a seepage test sensing monitoring system and a seepage test control system, wherein the seepage test control systems are respectively It is connected with the seepage test loading device and the seepage test sensing and monitoring system. The seepage test loading device and the seepage test sensing and monitoring system are respectively connected with the seepage model box, and the seepage model box is set from the top to the bottom of the seepage model box. The seepage flow is a forward seepage flow, and the seepage flow from the bottom of the seepage model box to the top is a reverse seepage flow. The seepage test loading device includes a forward seepage flow loading device and a reverse seepage flow loading device, and the seepage model box includes at least two The upper and lower chambers are arranged in layers, the adjacent upper and lower chambers are detachable and assembling connections, the forward seepage loading device is connected to the chamber located at the top of the seepage model box, and the reverse seepage loading The device is connected to a chamber located at the bottom of the seepage model box.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述渗流模型箱包括多个可拆卸可装配并且密封连接的箱室，从上至下分别为空气压力室、液体存储室、多层土体存储室和渗出液体控制腔体，所述渗流试验加载装置还包括正向渗流的气压加载装置，所述正向渗流的气压加载装置与所述空气压力室连接，所述正向渗流加载装置与所述液体存储室连接，所述反向渗流加载装置与所述渗出液体控制腔体连接。As a further improvement of the present invention, the seepage model box includes a plurality of detachable, assembling and sealingly connected box chambers, from top to bottom, they are an air pressure chamber, a liquid storage chamber, a multi-layer soil storage chamber and seepage liquid. Controlling the cavity, the percolation test loading device further includes a forward percolation pneumatic loading device, the forward percolation pneumatic loading device is connected with the air pressure chamber, and the forward percolation loading device is connected with the liquid storage chamber connected, the reverse percolation loading device is connected with the exudate liquid control cavity.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述正向渗流加载装置包括第一压力体积控制器和第一水槽，所述第一压力体积控制器与所述第一水槽连接，所述第一水槽与所述液体存储室连接；所述反向渗流加载装置包括第二压力体积控制器和第二水槽，所述第二压力体积控制器与所述第二水槽连接，所述第二水槽与所述渗出液体控制腔体连接；所述正向渗流的气压加载装置包括第三压力体积控制器和气压源，所述第三压力体积控制器与所述气压源连接，所述气压源与所述空气压力室连接，所述第一压力体积控制器、第二压力体积控制器、第三压力体积控制器分别与所述渗流试验控制系统连接。As a further improvement of the present invention, the forward seepage loading device includes a first pressure volume controller and a first water tank, the first pressure volume controller is connected to the first water tank, and the first water tank is connected to the first water tank. The liquid storage chamber is connected; the reverse percolation loading device includes a second pressure volume controller and a second water tank, the second pressure volume controller is connected with the second water tank, and the second water tank is connected with the seepage The liquid control cavity is connected; the air pressure loading device for forward seepage includes a third pressure volume controller and an air pressure source, the third pressure volume controller is connected with the air pressure source, and the air pressure source is connected with the air pressure The chamber is connected, and the first pressure volume controller, the second pressure volume controller, and the third pressure volume controller are respectively connected with the seepage test control system.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述渗流试验传感监测系统包括传感器单元，每一层的所述土体存储室上均设有所述传感器单元，所述传感器单元与所述渗流试验控制系统连接。As a further improvement of the present invention, the seepage test sensing and monitoring system includes a sensor unit, the sensor unit is provided on the soil storage chamber of each layer, and the sensor unit is connected to the seepage test control system .
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述传感器单元包括土压力计、气隙水压力计和气压力计，所述土压力计、气隙水压力计和气压力计分别与所述渗流试验控制系统连接。As a further improvement of the present invention, the sensor unit includes an earth pressure gauge, an air gap water pressure gauge and an air pressure gauge, and the earth pressure gauge, the air gap water pressure gauge and the air pressure gauge are respectively connected to the seepage test control system.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述渗流试验传感监测系统包括排水容器和水量称量装置，所述排水容器与所述渗出液体控制腔体连接，所述排水容器设置在所述水量称量装置上，所述水量称量装置与所述渗流试验控制系统连接。As a further improvement of the present invention, the seepage test sensing and monitoring system includes a drainage container and a water weighing device, the drainage container is connected to the seepage liquid control cavity, and the drainage container is arranged on the water weighing device. On the device, the water weighing device is connected with the seepage test control system.
作为本发明的进一步改进，最上层的所述空气压力室的上部连接有密封顶盖，最下层的所述渗出液体控制腔体连接有底部固定支座，上下相邻的箱室之间为螺纹连接，上下相邻的箱室之间设有密封橡胶圈，所述箱室为圆筒状。As a further improvement of the present invention, the upper part of the air pressure chamber of the uppermost layer is connected with a sealing top cover, the seepage liquid control cavity of the lowermost layer is connected with a bottom fixed support, and the space between the upper and lower adjacent chambers is Threaded connection, a sealing rubber ring is arranged between the upper and lower adjacent box chambers, and the box chamber is cylindrical.
本发明还提供了一种根据上述中任一项所述多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置的测试方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a test method for a bidirectional soil seepage test device for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling according to any one of the above, comprising the following steps:
步骤一，分层制备渗透用的土样，组装渗流模型箱；Step 1: Prepare soil samples for infiltration in layers, and assemble a seepage model box;
步骤二，在渗流模型箱的侧壁上安装和调试渗流试验传感监测系统；Step 2, install and debug the seepage test sensing monitoring system on the side wall of the seepage model box;
步骤三，安装和设置渗流试验加载装置，进行调试和测试；Step 3: Install and set up the seepage test loading device for debugging and testing;
步骤四，打开渗流试验加载装置，开始渗透试验，并实时监测渗流试验传感监测系统的信号变化，完成测试。Step 4, open the seepage test loading device, start the seepage test, and monitor the signal change of the seepage test sensing monitoring system in real time to complete the test.
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤一包括以下子步骤：As a further improvement of the present invention, step 1 includes the following substeps:
A、根据研究目的和实验要求，设计包含了三层的渗流测试土样，采用三层土体存储室，确认每层土体存储室内土层包括物理力学特性、密度、压实度、弹性模量在内的制备试验要求；A. According to the research purpose and experimental requirements, three layers of seepage test soil samples are designed, and three layers of soil storage chambers are used to confirm that the soil layers in each layer of soil storage chambers include physical and mechanical properties, density, compaction, elastic modulus Preparatory test requirements including the quantity;
B、根据设定的两层低透水特性中夹含一层高透水特性的土层要求，分别完成每个分层的土体存储室内的土样制备，每个分层的土体存储室土样中各埋置1组土压力盒和孔隙水压力计，用于测量和记录渗流过程中流体与土颗粒相互作用的压力变化规律；B. According to the set requirements of two layers of low water permeability with a layer of high water permeability, the soil sample preparation in each layered soil storage chamber is completed respectively. A set of earth pressure cells and pore water pressure gauges are embedded in each sample, which are used to measure and record the pressure variation law of the interaction between fluid and soil particles during seepage;
C、试验用单层的箱室均为等直径和高度的圆筒状有机玻璃板，每一层圆筒状有机玻璃板都印刻有顶部的凸起外旋螺纹和底部的内凹内旋螺纹，将每一层的箱室的顶部凸起外旋螺纹与紧邻的上层模箱室的底部内凹内旋螺纹对准并旋紧，将每一层的箱室的底部内凹内旋螺纹与紧邻的下层箱室的顶部凸起外旋螺纹对准并旋紧，依次旋紧并最终形成一个完整密封的渗流模型箱；C. The single-layer chambers used for the test are all cylindrical plexiglass plates of equal diameter and height, and each layer of cylindrical plexiglass plates is engraved with a convex external thread on the top and a concave internal thread on the bottom. , align and tighten the convex outer thread at the top of the box chamber of each layer with the concave inner thread at the bottom of the adjacent upper mold chamber, and align the concave inner thread at the bottom of the box chamber with The top protruding external thread of the adjacent lower chamber is aligned and tightened, and then tightened in turn to form a complete and sealed seepage model box;
D、将实心的底部固定支座平方于地面上，将上述已安装完成的渗流模型箱对齐于底部固定支座并旋紧，将有内凹内旋螺纹的顶盖对齐于上述已安装完成的渗流模型箱并旋紧；D. Place the solid bottom fixed support on the ground, align the above-mentioned installed seepage model box on the bottom fixed support and screw it tightly, and align the top cover with the concave internal thread on the above-mentioned installed Seepage model box and tighten;
其中，在渗流模型箱的组装过程中，为了保证每层箱室安装后均具有完整密封的气密性和水密性，在每层箱室的顶部的凸起外旋螺纹和底部的内凹内旋螺纹都均匀涂抹凡士林，并在每层箱室顶部的凸起外旋螺纹外部套一层密封橡胶圈。Among them, in the assembly process of the seepage model box, in order to ensure that each layer of the box room has complete air-tightness and water-tightness after installation, the convex outer thread at the top of each layer of the box chamber and the inner concave at the bottom are installed. The screw threads are evenly coated with Vaseline, and a sealing rubber ring is placed on the outside of the raised external screw threads on the top of each chamber.
作为本发明的进一步改进，在步骤四中，先设置正向渗流的气压加载装置的压力加载路径，通过正向渗流的气压加载装置将空气压力室中的气体压力调整到预定值，然后设置正向渗流加载装置的加载路径，同时，设置反向渗流加载装置的加载路径，使正向渗流气压和水压的总压力大于反向渗流水压的压力，产生正向渗流，控制渗出液体控制腔体中的水压，通过正向渗流加载装置向液体存储室中注入液体并开始渗流试验，渗流试验传感监测系统采集渗透土样侧壁的压力传感器读数，包括气压力，水压力和土压力，并使用水量称量装置称量渗出液体控制腔体流出的液体质量，实时记录渗流量的快慢。As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 4, first set the pressure loading path of the air pressure loading device of forward seepage flow, adjust the gas pressure in the air pressure chamber to a predetermined value through the air pressure loading device of forward seepage flow, and then set the positive pressure loading device. To the loading path of the seepage loading device, and at the same time, set the loading path of the reverse seepage loading device, so that the total pressure of the forward seepage air pressure and water pressure is greater than the pressure of the reverse seepage water pressure, generating forward seepage, and controlling the seepage liquid control The water pressure in the cavity, the liquid is injected into the liquid storage chamber through the forward seepage loading device and the seepage test is started. pressure, and use the water weighing device to weigh the seepage liquid to control the quality of the liquid flowing out of the cavity, and record the speed of seepage flow in real time.
本发明的有益效果是：通过上述方案，具有可拆卸的，灵活的，方便的等优点，而且采用多层可拆卸制样取样和双向土体渗流加载试，克服了传统的土体渗流试验方法中土体均匀单一，加载量程较小，模拟渗流工况单一，以及无法研究渗流土体原状结构特点等问题。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: through the above scheme, it has the advantages of being detachable, flexible and convenient, and adopts multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling and two-way soil seepage loading test, which overcomes the traditional soil seepage test method The medium soil is uniform and single, the loading range is small, the simulated seepage conditions are single, and the original structure characteristics of the seepage soil cannot be studied.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional soil seepage test device for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling according to the present invention.
图2是本发明一种多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置的渗流模型箱的单层的箱室的结构示意图。2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-layer chamber of a seepage model box of a bidirectional soil seepage test device for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling according to the present invention.
图3是本发明一种多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置的土体存储室的结构示意图。3 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil storage chamber of a bidirectional soil seepage test device for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling according to the present invention.
图4是本发明一种多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置的土体存储室的截面示意图。4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a soil storage chamber of a bidirectional soil seepage test device for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling according to the present invention.
图5是图3的剖面图A-A。FIG. 5 is a sectional view A-A of FIG. 3 .
图6是图3的剖面图B-B。FIG. 6 is a sectional view B-B of FIG. 3 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图说明及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1至图6所示，一种多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置，包括渗流模型箱1、渗流试验加载装置3、渗流试验传感监测系统2和渗流试验控制系统4，所述渗流试验控制系统4分别与所述渗流试验加载装置3、渗流试验传感监测系统2连接，所述渗流试验加载装置3、渗流试验传感监测系统2分别与所述渗流模型箱1连接，设定从所述渗流模型箱1的顶部向底部渗流为正向渗流，从所述渗流模型箱1的底部向顶部渗流为反向渗流，所述渗流试验加载装置3包括正向渗流加载装置和反向渗流加载装置，所述渗流模型箱1包括至少两个上下层叠设置的箱室，所述上下相邻的箱室之间为可拆卸可装配连接，所述正向渗流加载装置与位于所述渗流模型箱1顶部的箱室连接，所述反向渗流加载装置与位于所述渗流模型箱1底部的箱室连接。As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a bidirectional soil seepage test device for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling includes a seepage model box 1, a seepage test loading device 3, a seepage test sensing monitoring system 2 and a seepage test control system 4. The seepage test control system 4 is respectively connected with the seepage test loading device 3 and the seepage test sensing and monitoring system 2, and the seepage test loading device 3 and the seepage test sensing and monitoring system 2 are respectively connected with the seepage model box. 1 is connected, and the seepage flow from the top to the bottom of the seepage model box 1 is set as forward seepage flow, and the seepage flow from the bottom to the top of the seepage model box 1 is reverse seepage flow, and the seepage test loading device 3 includes forward seepage flow Loading device and reverse seepage loading device, the seepage model box 1 includes at least two box chambers arranged one above the other, the upper and lower adjacent chambers are detachable and assembling connections, the forward seepage loading device It is connected to the box chamber located at the top of the seepage model box 1 , and the reverse seepage loading device is connected to the box chamber located at the bottom of the seepage model box 1 .
如图1至图6所示，所述渗流模型箱1包括多个可拆卸可装配并且密封连接的箱室，从上至下分别为空气压力室11、液体存储室12、多层土体存储室13、14、15和渗出液体控制腔体16，所述渗流试验加载装置3还包括正向渗流的气压加载装置，所述正向渗流的气压加载装置与所述空气压力室11连接，所述正向渗流加载装置与所述液体存储室12连接，所述反向渗流加载装置与所述渗出液体控制腔体16连接。As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 , the seepage model box 1 includes a plurality of detachable, assembling and sealingly connected box chambers, from top to bottom, they are an air pressure chamber 11 , a liquid storage chamber 12 , and a multi-layer soil storage chamber. chambers 13, 14, 15 and an exudate liquid control cavity 16, the percolation test loading device 3 further includes a forward percolation air pressure loading device, which is connected to the air pressure chamber 11, The forward osmotic flow loading device is connected to the liquid storage chamber 12 , and the reverse osmotic flow loading device is connected to the exudate liquid control cavity 16 .
如图1至图6所示，所述正向渗流加载装置包括第一压力体积控制器31和第一水槽32，所述第一压力体积控制器31与所述第一水槽32连接，所述第一水槽32与所述液体存储室12连接；所述反向渗流加载装置包括第二压力体积控制器33和第二水槽34，所述第二压力体积控制器33与所述第二水槽34连接，所述第二水槽34与所述渗出液体控制腔体16连接；所述正向渗流的气压加载装置包括第三压力体积控制器35和气压源36，所述第三压力体积控制器35与所述气压源36连接，所述气压源36与所述空气压力室11连接，所述第一压力体积控制器31、第二压力体积控制器33、第三压力体积控制器35分别与所述渗流试验控制系统4连接。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 , the forward seepage loading device includes a first pressure volume controller 31 and a first water tank 32 , the first pressure volume controller 31 is connected to the first water tank 32 , and the The first water tank 32 is connected to the liquid storage chamber 12 ; the reverse percolation loading device includes a second pressure volume controller 33 and a second water tank 34 , the second pressure volume controller 33 and the second water tank 34 connected, the second water tank 34 is connected with the seepage liquid control cavity 16; the air pressure loading device for forward seepage includes a third pressure volume controller 35 and a pressure source 36, the third pressure volume controller 35 is connected to the air pressure source 36, the air pressure source 36 is connected to the air pressure chamber 11, the first pressure volume controller 31, the second pressure volume controller 33, and the third pressure volume controller 35 are respectively connected with The seepage test control system 4 is connected.
如图1至图6所示，渗流试验控制系统4可以根据研究需要，设定不同路径的水压和气压加载条件，并可通过第一压力体积控制器31、第二压力体积控制器33、第三压力体积控制器35进行加载水压和气压的实时控制和调整。As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 , the seepage test control system 4 can set the water pressure and air pressure loading conditions of different paths according to the research needs, and can use the first pressure volume controller 31, the second pressure volume controller 33, The third pressure volume controller 35 performs real-time control and adjustment of the loading water pressure and air pressure.
如图1至图6所示，所述渗流试验传感监测系统4包括传感器单元21，每一层的所述土体存储室13、14、15上均设有所述传感器单元21，所述传感器单元21与所述渗流试验控制系统4连接。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 , the seepage test sensing and monitoring system 4 includes a sensor unit 21 , and the sensor unit 21 is provided on the soil storage chambers 13 , 14 , and 15 of each layer. The sensor unit 21 is connected to the seepage test control system 4 .
如图1至图6所示，所述传感器单元包括土压力计211、气隙水压力计212和气压力计213，所述土压力计211、气隙水压力计212和气压力计213分别与所述渗流试验控制系统4连接。As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 , the sensor unit includes an earth pressure gauge 211 , an air gap water pressure gauge 212 and an air pressure gauge 213 , and the earth pressure gauge 211 , the air gap water pressure gauge 212 and the air pressure gauge 213 are respectively connected with the The seepage test control system 4 is connected.
如图1至图6所示，所述渗流试验传感监测系统2包括排水容器22和水量称量装置23，所述排水容器22与所述渗出液体控制腔体16连接，所述排水容器22设置在所述水量称量装置23上，所述水量称量装置23与所述渗流试验控制系统4连接。As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 , the sensing and monitoring system 2 for the seepage test includes a drain container 22 and a water weighing device 23 , the drain container 22 is connected to the seepage liquid control cavity 16 , and the drain container 22 is arranged on the water weighing device 23 , and the water weighing device 23 is connected to the seepage test control system 4 .
如图1至图6所示，最上层的所述空气压力室11的上部连接有密封顶盖17，最下层的所述渗出液体控制腔体16连接有底部固定支座18，上下相邻的箱室之间为螺纹连接，上下相邻的箱室之间设有密封橡胶圈103，所述箱室为圆筒状，密封顶盖17和底部固定支座18的材料优选为有机玻璃。As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 , the upper part of the air pressure chamber 11 of the uppermost layer is connected with a sealing top cover 17 , and the seepage liquid control cavity 16 of the lowermost layer is connected with a bottom fixed support 18 , which are adjacent to each other up and down. The box chambers are connected by threads, and a sealing rubber ring 103 is provided between the upper and lower adjacent box chambers. The box chambers are cylindrical, and the material of the sealing top cover 17 and the bottom fixed support 18 is preferably plexiglass.
如图1至图6所示，单层的箱室都是一个圆筒状有机玻璃板，在每块圆筒状有机玻璃板的顶部和底部都进行了螺纹印刻设计，通过圆筒状有机玻璃板顶部的凸起外旋螺纹101和底部的内凹内旋螺纹102，每一层的箱室都可以与紧邻的上部和下部箱室充分旋紧并形成完整密封的渗流模型箱1。As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 6, the single-layer chamber is a cylindrical plexiglass plate, and the top and bottom of each cylindrical plexiglass plate are designed with thread engraving, through the cylindrical plexiglass plate With the convex external thread 101 on the top of the plate and the concave internal thread 102 on the bottom, the chambers of each layer can be fully screwed with the adjacent upper and lower chambers to form a completely sealed seepage model chamber 1 .
如图1至图6所示，单层的土体存储室13、14、15由一块模型箱内土样和一个圆筒状有机玻璃板组成，在每块圆筒状有机玻璃板的侧壁上开设有安装压力传感器的钻孔，通过钻孔结构可以将所需安装的传感器固定于圆筒状有机玻璃板侧壁，并与圆筒状有机玻璃板板内的土样紧密接触。As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the single-layer soil storage chambers 13, 14, and 15 are composed of a soil sample in a model box and a cylindrical plexiglass plate. There is a drill hole for installing the pressure sensor on the upper part, and the sensor to be installed can be fixed on the side wall of the cylindrical plexiglass plate through the drilling structure, and is in close contact with the soil sample in the cylindrical plexiglass plate.
如图1至图6所示，本发明还提供了一种根据上述中任一项所述多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置的测试方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 , the present invention also provides a test method for a bidirectional soil seepage test device for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling according to any one of the above, including the following steps:
步骤一，分层制备渗透用的土样51、52、53，组装渗流模型箱1；Step 1, prepare soil samples 51, 52, 53 for infiltration in layers, and assemble the seepage model box 1;
步骤二，在渗流模型箱1的侧壁上安装和调试渗流试验传感监测系统2；Step 2, install and debug the seepage test sensing monitoring system 2 on the side wall of the seepage model box 1;
步骤三，安装和设置渗流试验加载装置3，进行调试和测试；Step 3, install and set the seepage test loading device 3, and carry out debugging and testing;
步骤四，打开渗流试验加载装置3，开始渗透试验，并实时监测渗流试验传感监测系统2的信号变化，完成测试。Step 4, open the seepage test loading device 3, start the seepage test, and monitor the signal change of the seepage test sensing monitoring system 2 in real time to complete the test.
在步骤1中，包括如下步骤内容：In step 1, the following steps are included:
A、根据研究目的和实验要求，设计包含了三层的渗流测试土样，确认每层土体存储室13、14、15内土层包括物理力学特性、密度、压实度、弹性模量在内的制备试验要求；A. According to the research purpose and experimental requirements, a three-layer seepage test soil sample is designed to confirm that the soil layers in each layer of soil storage chambers 13, 14, and 15 include physical and mechanical properties, density, compaction, and elastic modulus. requirements for preparation tests in
B、根据设定的两层低透水特性中夹含一层高透水特性的土层要求，分别完成每层土体存储室13、14、15箱内的土样制备，每层土体存储室13、14、15土样中各埋置1组土压力盒和孔隙水压力计，用于测量和记录渗流过程中流体与土颗粒相互作用的压力变化规律；B. According to the set requirements of the soil layer with high water permeability between the two layers of low water permeability, the soil sample preparation in the 13, 14 and 15 boxes of each layer of soil storage room is completed respectively. 13, 14, and 15 soil samples are embedded with a set of earth pressure cells and pore water pressure gauges, which are used to measure and record the pressure change law of the interaction between fluid and soil particles during the seepage process;
C、试验用单层的箱室均为等直径和高度的圆筒状有机玻璃板，每一层筒状的有机玻璃板都印刻有顶部的凸起外旋螺纹101和底部的内凹内旋螺纹102，将每一层的箱室的顶部凸起外旋螺纹101与紧邻的上层箱室的底部内凹内旋螺纹102对准并旋紧，将每一层的箱室的底部内凹内旋螺纹102与紧邻的下层箱室的顶部凸起外旋螺纹101对准并旋紧，依次旋紧并最终形成一个完整密封的渗流模型筒1。C. The single-layer chambers used for the test are all cylindrical plexiglass plates of equal diameter and height, and each layer of cylindrical plexiglass plates is engraved with a convex external thread 101 on the top and a concave internal thread on the bottom. Thread 102, align and tighten the convex external thread 101 on the top of the chamber of each layer with the concave internal thread 102 at the bottom of the adjacent upper chamber, and align and tighten the bottom of the chamber on each layer. The screw thread 102 is aligned with the protruding external screw thread 101 on the top of the adjacent lower tank chamber and screwed, and screwed in turn to form a completely sealed seepage model cylinder 1 finally.
D、将实心的底部固定支座28平方于地面上，将上述已安装完成的渗流模型筒1对齐于底部固定支座18并旋紧，将有内凹内旋螺纹102的顶盖17对齐于上述已安装完成的渗流模型筒1并旋紧，至此，完成渗流模型筒1的组装。D. Place the solid bottom fixed support 28 square on the ground, align the above-mentioned installed seepage model cylinder 1 on the bottom fixed support 18 and screw it tightly, and align the top cover 17 with the concave internal thread 102 on the The above-mentioned percolation model cylinder 1 has been installed and screwed up, so far, the assembly of the percolation model cylinder 1 is completed.
E、值得注意的，在渗流模型筒1的组装过程中，为了保证分层箱室安装后具有完整的气密性和水密性，在每一层的箱室顶部的凸起外旋螺纹101和底部的内凹内旋螺纹102都均匀涂抹凡士林，并在每一层箱室的顶部的凸起外旋螺纹101外部套一层密封橡胶圈103，这两个细节可以充分保证试验过程中组装后的模型箱的完整性与密封性。E. It is worth noting that during the assembly process of the seepage model cylinder 1, in order to ensure complete air-tightness and water-tightness after the layered chamber is installed, the raised external thread 101 and The inner concave inner screw thread 102 at the bottom is evenly coated with Vaseline, and a layer of sealing rubber ring 103 is placed outside the convex outer screw thread 101 at the top of each chamber. These two details can fully guarantee the test process after assembly. The integrity and tightness of the model box.
在步骤二中，在土样准备和模型箱组装之前，先将所有的土体存储室13、14、15的侧壁上钻孔都用实心堵头堵上，保证土样制备不会有土样从未插传感器的钻孔中挤压出来。在土样制备完成并完成模型箱组装后，将堵头取出并插入传感器及套件，并打开监测系统，连接传感器进行调试。In step 2, before soil sample preparation and model box assembly, all the drilling holes on the side walls of soil storage chambers 13, 14, 15 are plugged with solid plugs to ensure that there will be no soil in soil sample preparation. Extruded from the hole for the unplugged sensor. After the soil sample preparation is completed and the model box is assembled, the plug is taken out and inserted into the sensor and the kit, and the monitoring system is turned on, and the sensor is connected for debugging.
在步骤四中，先设置第三压力体积控制器35的压力加载路径，然后打开气压源35，将空气压力室11中的气体压力调整到预定值。然后设置第一压力体积控制器31的加载路径，再连接正向渗流的第一水槽32和液体存储室12，同时，设置第二压力体积控制器33的加载路径（保证正向渗流气压和水压的总压力大于反向渗流水压的压力，产生正向渗流），控制渗出液体控制腔体16中的水压，通过第一压力体积控制器31向液体存储室12中注入液体并开始渗流试验。渗流试验传感监测系统2实施采集渗透土样侧壁的压力传感器读数，包括气压力，水压力和土压力等，并使用水量称量装置23称量渗出液体控制腔流出的液体质量，实时记录渗流量的快慢。In step 4, the pressure loading path of the third pressure volume controller 35 is set first, and then the air pressure source 35 is turned on to adjust the gas pressure in the air pressure chamber 11 to a predetermined value. Then, set the loading path of the first pressure volume controller 31, and then connect the first water tank 32 and the liquid storage chamber 12 of the forward seepage flow. The total pressure of the pressure is greater than the pressure of the reverse seepage water pressure, resulting in a forward seepage flow), control the water pressure in the seepage liquid control chamber 16, inject liquid into the liquid storage chamber 12 through the first pressure volume controller 31 and start Seepage test. The seepage test sensing monitoring system 2 implements the collection of pressure sensor readings on the side wall of the permeable soil sample, including air pressure, water pressure and earth pressure, etc., and uses the water weighing device 23 to measure the liquid quality of the seepage liquid control chamber in real time. Record the speed of seepage flow.
本发明提供的一种多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置及测试方法，渗流模型箱1的多层箱室可以根据测试需要灵活组装和拆卸，渗流试验传感监测系统2，包括了监测所用的不同类型压力传感器，如孔隙水压力，气压，土压力等监测数据采集传感器，可用于实时监测土样中的内部渗流状态变化；渗透试验控制系统，根据研究需要可设定不同路径的水压和气压加载条件，并可通过压力体积控制器进行加载水压和气压的实时控制和调整；本发明采用了多层分层模型箱室制样和取样的方法，可以根据要求制备不同厚度的和不同土层分布的土样，例如可以制备两层低透水层土样之间含一层高透水层的复杂土样进行渗透试验，对于研究工程中常见的复杂地质条件土样的渗透特性有重大意义，同时，由于采用了多层可拆卸取样的方法，可以取得不同深度土样的非扰动土样，保证了土样的原状结构，无论是采用微观观察的手段还是将原状土样进行力学特性研究，这种手段可以帮助研究人员观察和理解土样的真实的内部渗流状态变化，对于解释土样渗流的机理有重要意义。The invention provides a bidirectional soil seepage test device and a test method for multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling, the multi-layer chamber of the seepage model box 1 can be flexibly assembled and disassembled according to the test needs, the seepage test sensing monitoring system 2, It includes different types of pressure sensors used for monitoring, such as pore water pressure, air pressure, earth pressure and other monitoring data acquisition sensors, which can be used to monitor the change of internal seepage state in soil samples in real time; the penetration test control system can be set differently according to research needs. The water pressure and air pressure loading conditions of the path can be controlled and adjusted in real time through the pressure volume controller; the invention adopts the method of sample preparation and sampling of the multi-layered model box chamber, which can be prepared according to requirements. Soil samples with different thicknesses and different soil layer distributions, for example, complex soil samples with a high permeable layer between two low permeable layer soil samples can be prepared for penetration test. The permeability characteristics are of great significance. At the same time, due to the multi-layer detachable sampling method, undisturbed soil samples of different depths can be obtained, ensuring the original structure of the soil samples. This method can help researchers observe and understand the real internal seepage state changes of soil samples, which is of great significance for explaining the mechanism of soil sample seepage.
本发明提供的一种多层可拆卸制样取样的双向土体渗流试验装置及测试方法，与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling bidirectional soil seepage test device and test method, and has the following beneficial effects:
（1）本发明的双向土体渗流试验装置具有可拆卸的，灵活的，方便的等优点，而且采用多层可拆卸制样取样的方法和双向土体渗流加载试验装置结构，克服了传统的土体渗流试验方法中土体均匀单一，加载量程较小，模拟渗流工况单一，以及无法研究渗流土体原状结构特点等问题。(1) The bidirectional soil seepage test device of the present invention has the advantages of being detachable, flexible and convenient, and adopts the method of multi-layer detachable sample preparation and sampling and the structure of the bidirectional soil seepage loading test device, which overcomes the traditional In the soil seepage test method, the soil is uniform and single, the loading range is small, the simulated seepage conditions are single, and the original structure characteristics of the seepage soil cannot be studied.
（2）本发明中采用了一套集成的综合监测与控制系统，将加载水压，加载气压的控制以及渗流过程中的各种压力传感器测试系统结合，设计采用的压力传感器类型包括水压力，气压力和土压力等。(2) The present invention adopts a set of integrated comprehensive monitoring and control system, which combines the loading water pressure, the control of loading air pressure and various pressure sensor test systems in the seepage process. The types of pressure sensors used in the design include water pressure, air pressure and earth pressure.
（3）传统试验装置的加载条件较为简单，基本上以单一的水压加载为主，同时加载量程有限，而本发明同时设计了正向和反向双向渗流加载装置，其中包含了正向渗流的气压和水压加载装置系统，以及反向渗流的水压加载装置，可以模拟复杂渗流工况并提高了加载量程。(3) The loading conditions of the traditional test device are relatively simple, mainly based on a single hydraulic pressure loading, and the loading range is limited, while the present invention designs a forward and reverse bidirectional seepage loading device at the same time, which includes the forward seepage flow. The air pressure and hydraulic loading device system, as well as the hydraulic loading device for reverse seepage, can simulate complex seepage conditions and increase the loading range.
（4）在渗流试验方案设计中，解决了多层模型箱室的密封连接问题。单层的模型箱室的有机玻璃板的顶部和底部都进行了螺纹印刻设计，通过筒状的有机玻璃板顶部的凸起外旋螺纹101和内凹内旋螺纹102，每一层的模型箱室都可以与紧邻的上部和下部模型箱室充分旋紧并形成完整密封的渗透模型箱。同时，在每一层模型箱顶部的凸起外旋螺纹101涂抹凡士林并套一层密封橡胶圈103，这两个细节可以也进一步地保证了试验过程中组装后的模型箱的完整性与密封性(4) In the design of the seepage test scheme, the sealing connection problem of the multi-layer model box chamber is solved. The top and bottom of the plexiglass plate of the single-layer model box room are designed with thread engraving. Through the convex external thread 101 and the concave internal thread 102 on the top of the cylindrical plexiglass plate, the model box of each layer is designed. Both chambers can be fully screwed with the immediately adjacent upper and lower model box chambers to form a completely sealed permeable model box. At the same time, apply Vaseline to the raised external thread 101 on the top of each layer of the model box and cover a layer of sealing rubber ring 103. These two details can also further ensure the integrity and sealing of the assembled model box during the test process. sex
（5）本发明中，由于模型箱的制样是分层分别制土样，因此可以预先制备不同条件的土体，满足两层低透水特性中夹含一层高透水特性的土层的复杂土体渗流研究目的。(5) In the present invention, since the sample preparation of the model box is to prepare soil samples in different layers, soils with different conditions can be prepared in advance to meet the complexity of two layers of low water permeability including a layer of high water permeability. The purpose of soil seepage research.
（6）由于现有试验手段都以一个完整的土体为渗流研究对象，如果需要研究一定深度土体的渗流状态时，无可避免的要挖取所研究深度上部的土体，并对研究土体产生了扰动影响了土体原状结构，不能得到真实原状土样的渗流状态。而本发明中，由于模型箱的制样是分层分别制土样，因此可以直接取样不同深度的分层土体，避免对上部土体的结构扰动，达到直接研究真实原状土样的渗流状态的目的。(6) Since the existing test methods all take a complete soil body as the seepage research object, if it is necessary to study the seepage state of the soil body at a certain depth, it is unavoidable to excavate the soil body at the upper part of the research depth, and conduct the research on the soil body. The disturbance of the soil affects the original structure of the soil, and the seepage state of the real undisturbed soil sample cannot be obtained. In the present invention, since the sample preparation of the model box is to prepare soil samples in layers, it is possible to directly sample layered soil bodies of different depths, avoid structural disturbance to the upper soil body, and directly study the seepage state of the real undisturbed soil samples. the goal of.
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910238570.7ACN110018097B (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | Bidirectional soil seepage test device and test method for multilayer detachable sample preparation and sampling |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910238570.7ACN110018097B (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | Bidirectional soil seepage test device and test method for multilayer detachable sample preparation and sampling |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110018097Atrue CN110018097A (en) | 2019-07-16 |
| CN110018097B CN110018097B (en) | 2023-10-20 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910238570.7AExpired - Fee RelatedCN110018097B (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | Bidirectional soil seepage test device and test method for multilayer detachable sample preparation and sampling |
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| CN (1) | CN110018097B (en) |
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