技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及无线充电领域，尤其涉及一种功率最优化的多对多无线充电设备及控制方法。The present invention relates to the field of wireless charging, and in particular, to a power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging device and a control method.
背景技术Background technique
无线充电技术(Wireless Charging Technology)起源于19世纪下半叶，当时电能传输存在很大的问题，由于发电站与用电区域存在一定的距离，而有线输电网络并没有搭建起来，电能的传输问题便成为很多专家学者研究的问题。在如今高度信息化的社会中，移动设备大量充斥着我们的生活，而这些设备几乎都依赖电能，充电便成为一个重要的问题，这转而变成一个值得深入研究的课题。Wireless Charging Technology originated in the second half of the 19th century. At that time, there were big problems in power transmission. Since there was a certain distance between power stations and power consumption areas, and the wired power transmission network had not been established, power transmission problems It has become a research issue for many experts and scholars. In today's highly information-based society, a large number of mobile devices are flooding our lives, and almost all of these devices rely on electrical energy. Charging has become an important issue, which in turn has become a topic worthy of in-depth study.
目前基于磁场的无线充电主要通过以下几种技术：电磁感应式(Magneticinduction)、磁场共振式(Magnetic resonance)。At present, wireless charging based on magnetic fields mainly uses the following technologies: electromagnetic induction (Magnetic induction) and magnetic resonance (Magnetic resonance).
其中，电磁感应式的工作方式类似于变压器，工作频率小于200KHz，优点是传输效率高，但是通常要求发射/接收线圈距离通常小于8mm。在电磁感应技术方面，由香港城市大学牵头成立了WPC(Wireless Power Consortium)，并于2012年年底推出了第一个无线充电的国际标准Qi标准，Qi标准基于磁感应原理传输电能，传输效率和收发线圈之间的耦合度以及电路的品质因素均有关系，其中，耦合度不仅与两个线圈之间的距离以及相对大小有关，还与线圈的形状、线圈之间的角度有着不小的联系。目前Qi标准已经更新至1.2.3版本，发射功率从原先的5W提高至7.5W，甚至可以实现一定程度上的快速充电。现阶段的Qi标准仍然局限于小功率电子产品的电力供应，而且QI标准只是针对于单对单的充电。Among them, the electromagnetic induction type works like a transformer, and the operating frequency is less than 200KHz. The advantage is high transmission efficiency, but it usually requires that the distance between the transmitting/receiving coils is usually less than 8mm. In terms of electromagnetic induction technology, City University of Hong Kong took the lead in establishing the WPC (Wireless Power Consortium), and launched the Qi standard, the first international standard for wireless charging, at the end of 2012. The Qi standard is based on the principle of magnetic induction to transmit electric energy, transmission efficiency and transceiver The degree of coupling between coils and the quality factors of the circuit are related. Among them, the degree of coupling is not only related to the distance and relative size between the two coils, but also has a lot to do with the shape of the coils and the angle between the coils. At present, the Qi standard has been updated to version 1.2.3, and the transmission power has been increased from the original 5W to 7.5W, which can even achieve a certain degree of fast charging. The current Qi standard is still limited to the power supply of low-power electronic products, and the QI standard is only aimed at one-to-one charging.
磁场共振式的特点是使得电路中电容与电感在给定的频率点上共振，减少能量损耗，从而有效提高了传输距离。其工作频率可以从几百KHz到几十MHz。现有的工业协议有A4WP联盟提出的Rezence标准。A4WP是Alliance for Wireless Power标准的简称，是由美国高通公司、韩国三星公司以及Powermat公司共同创建的无线充电联盟。但由于A4WP联盟组成时间较晚，目前采用该标准的产品并不多见，且Rezence标准也仅考虑了单对多的充电模式。The characteristic of the magnetic field resonance type is that the capacitor and inductor in the circuit resonate at a given frequency point, reducing energy loss, thereby effectively increasing the transmission distance. Its operating frequency can range from hundreds of KHz to tens of MHz. Existing industrial protocols include the Rezence standard proposed by the A4WP Alliance. A4WP is the abbreviation of Alliance for Wireless Power standard. It is a wireless charging alliance jointly created by Qualcomm Company of the United States, Samsung Company of South Korea and Powermat Company. However, due to the late formation of the A4WP alliance, there are currently few products adopting this standard, and the Rezence standard only considers one-to-many charging mode.
现如今，市场上的无线充电设备几乎都采用了磁感应或磁场共振技术，但这并不代表该技术已经完全成熟。各大厂家的无线充电技术都存在一个致命的问题：空间自由度低。就手机的无线充电来说，它需要准确地放置在充电板上，且要求与充电板的间距极小。只有当手机上的线圈和充电器内置线圈位置正对时，才能够进行无线充电。换言之，精度要求极高的操作方法限制了这类技术的广泛应用。Nowadays, almost all wireless charging devices on the market use magnetic induction or magnetic field resonance technology, but this does not mean that the technology is completely mature. There is a fatal problem in the wireless charging technology of major manufacturers: low spatial freedom. As far as wireless charging of mobile phones is concerned, it needs to be placed accurately on the charging plate, and the distance from the charging plate is required to be extremely small. Wireless charging is only possible when the coil on the phone and the coil inside the charger are aligned. In other words, extremely precise operating methods limit the widespread application of this type of technology.
发明内容Contents of the invention
基于现有技术所存在的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种功率最优化的多对多无线充电设备及控制方法，能解决现有无线充电设备不能实现多对多充电、充电功率小以及充电操作要求精度高的问题。Based on the problems existing in the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging device and a control method, which can solve the problem of the inability of existing wireless charging devices to achieve many-to-many charging, low charging power, and charging problems. Problems that require high precision in operation.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明实施方式提供一种功率最优化多对多无线充电设备，包括：The embodiment of the present invention provides a power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging device, including:
电源单元、控制器、驱动单元、输出单元和多个发射线圈；其中，power supply unit, controller, drive unit, output unit and multiple transmitting coils; wherein,
所述电源单元依次经所述控制器和所述驱动单元与所述输出单元电气连接，所述输出单元分别与所述多个发射线圈电气连接；The power supply unit is electrically connected to the output unit via the controller and the driving unit in turn, and the output unit is electrically connected to the plurality of transmitting coils respectively;
所述输出单元设有检测信号输出端，该检测信号输出端与所述控制器电气连接；The output unit is provided with a detection signal output terminal, and the detection signal output terminal is electrically connected to the controller;
所述控制器能根据所述输出单元的检测信号输出端反馈的充电电流和发射线圈的阻抗状态，转换为发射线圈的电压信号和电流信号后，根据所述电压信号和电流信号动态调控所述发射线圈的电压和电流，使所述电源单元的输出功率最优化。The controller can convert the charging current fed back by the detection signal output end of the output unit and the impedance state of the transmitting coil into a voltage signal and a current signal of the transmitting coil, and then dynamically regulate the charging current according to the voltage signal and current signal. The transmitter coil voltage and current optimize the output power of the power supply unit.
本发明实施方式还提供一种功率最优化多对多无线充电控制方法，应用于本发明所述的功率最优化多对多无线充电设备，包括以下步骤：The embodiment of the present invention also provides a power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging control method, which is applied to the power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging equipment of the present invention, including the following steps:
步骤1)获取发射线圈个数m、用电设备接收线圈个数n和发射端的阻抗矩阵ZT；Step 1) Obtain the number m of transmitting coils, the number n of receiving coils of electrical equipment and the impedance matrix ZT of the transmitting end;
步骤2)向各发射端施加秩为m的电压矩阵VT，测量不同电压向量下的电流矩阵IT；Step 2) Apply a voltage matrixVT of rank m to each transmitter and measure different voltage vectors The current matrix IT under;
步骤3)求得复数矩阵B和S；Step 3) Obtain the complex matrices B and S;
步骤4)对复数矩阵S求实部Q，对矩阵Q求其对应于最大特征值的特征向量Step 4) Find the real part Q of the complex matrix S, and find the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the matrix Q.
步骤5)根据求得实数K和c，继而求得发射端适配电流/>Step 5) According to Find the real numbers K and c, and then find the transmitter adaptation current/>
步骤6)根据求得将/>转化为发射线圈适配电压/>Step 6) According to Ask for the general/> Convert to transmitter coil adaptation voltage/>
步骤7)向所述发射线圈施加所述适配电压向量实现使所述电源单元的输出功率最优化。Step 7) Apply the adaptation voltage vector to the transmitting coil Optimizing the output power of the power supply unit is achieved.
由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例提供的功率最优化多对多无线充电设备及控制方法，其有益效果为：It can be seen from the above technical solutions provided by the present invention that the power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging equipment and control method provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
通过设置的电源单元、控制器、驱动单元、输出单元和多个发射线圈有机连接，形成一种具有多个发射线圈能进行多对对充电的无线充电设备，由于控制器能对全部发射线圈的充电电流和充电电压进行动态调控，可以实现充电功率的最优化。该充电设备能在短距离内同时对多台用电设备进行无线充电，且能达到充电电能的多对多高效传输。Through the organic connection of the power supply unit, controller, drive unit, output unit and multiple transmitting coils, a wireless charging device with multiple transmitting coils capable of charging multiple pairs is formed, because the controller can charge all transmitting coils. Charging current and charging voltage are dynamically regulated to optimize charging power. The charging equipment can wirelessly charge multiple electrical devices at the same time within a short distance, and can achieve many-to-many efficient transmission of charging power.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.
图1为本发明实施例提供的无线充电设备整体构成示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a wireless charging device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的无线充电设备的电路原理示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a wireless charging device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的无线充电设备的整体电路构成示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit structure of the wireless charging device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的无线充电设备的驱动单元采用电路的部分示意图；Figure 4 is a partial schematic diagram of the circuit used in the driving unit of the wireless charging device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的无线充电设备的控制器采用电路的成示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a circuit used in a controller of a wireless charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的无线充电设备的控制器的输出波形示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the output waveform of the controller of the wireless charging device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例提供的无线充电设备的相位差与电压关系图；Figure 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between phase difference and voltage of the wireless charging device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例提供的无线充电设备的幅值比与电压关系图；Figure 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amplitude ratio and voltage of the wireless charging device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明实施例提供的无线充电设备的振荡控制模块的电路示意图；Figure 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of the oscillation control module of the wireless charging device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图10为本发明实施例提供的无线充电设备对应的用电设备的接收电路构成示意图；Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the receiving circuit structure of the electrical equipment corresponding to the wireless charging equipment provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图11为本发明实施例提供的功率最优化多对多无线充电控制方法流程图；Figure 11 is a flow chart of a power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging control method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图中标号为：1-电源单元；11-整流电路；12-滤波稳压电路；2-控制器；21-振荡控制模块；22-优化处理模块；3-驱动单元；4-输出单元；41-检测模块；42-逆变器。The numbers in the figure are: 1-power supply unit; 11-rectifier circuit; 12-filter and voltage stabilizing circuit; 2-controller; 21-oscillation control module; 22-optimization processing module; 3-drive unit; 4-output unit; 41 -Detection module; 42-Inverter.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合本发明的具体内容，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。本发明实施例中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific content of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Contents not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
如图1、2所示，本发明实施例提供一种功率最优化的多对多无线充电设备，包括：As shown in Figures 1 and 2, embodiments of the present invention provide a power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging device, including:
电源单元、控制器、驱动单元、输出单元和多个发射线圈；其中，power supply unit, controller, drive unit, output unit and multiple transmitting coils; wherein,
所述电源单元依次经所述控制器和所述驱动单元与所述输出单元电气连接，所述输出单元分别与所述多个发射线圈电气连接；The power supply unit is electrically connected to the output unit via the controller and the driving unit in turn, and the output unit is electrically connected to the plurality of transmitting coils respectively;
所述输出单元设有检测信号输出端，该检测信号输出端与所述控制器电气连接；The output unit is provided with a detection signal output terminal, and the detection signal output terminal is electrically connected to the controller;
所述控制器能根据所述输出单元的检测信号输出端反馈的充电电流和发射线圈的阻抗状态，转换为发射线圈的电压信号和电流信号后，根据所述电压信号和电流信号动态调控所述发射线圈的电压和电流，使所述电源单元的输出功率最优化。The controller can convert the charging current fed back by the detection signal output end of the output unit and the impedance state of the transmitting coil into a voltage signal and a current signal of the transmitting coil, and then dynamically regulate the charging current according to the voltage signal and current signal. The transmitter coil voltage and current optimize the output power of the power supply unit.
上述无线充电设备中，控制器包括：顺次连接的振荡控制模块和优化处理模块；In the above wireless charging equipment, the controller includes: an oscillation control module and an optimization processing module connected in sequence;
其中，所述振荡控制模块，与所述电源单元的直流稳压电源输出端电气连接，设有电气输出端，与所述驱动单元电气连接，该振荡控制模块用于在直流电源转化为交流电源时，提供振荡频率，使直流电源转化为能调控的交流电源；Wherein, the oscillation control module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the DC regulated power supply of the power supply unit, and is provided with an electrical output terminal electrically connected to the drive unit. The oscillation control module is used to convert the DC power supply into an AC power supply. When, the oscillation frequency is provided to convert the DC power into a controllable AC power;
所述优化处理模块，与所述输出单元的检测信号输出端电气连接，用于接收所述输出单元的检测信号输出端反馈的充电电流和发射线圈的阻抗状态，转换为发射线圈的电压信号和电流信号后，根据所述电压信号和电流信号动态调控所述发射线圈的电压和电流，使所述电源单元的输出功率最优化。The optimization processing module is electrically connected to the detection signal output end of the output unit, and is used to receive the charging current fed back by the detection signal output end of the output unit and the impedance state of the transmitting coil, and convert it into a voltage signal of the transmitting coil and After receiving the current signal, the voltage and current of the transmitting coil are dynamically adjusted according to the voltage signal and current signal to optimize the output power of the power supply unit.
上述无线充电设备中，控制器的振荡控制模块采用的电路板为上、下两层并增加接地层，在接地电路中加入二极管电路和缓冲电容。这样使得输入控制信号输入端能在高频状态下，更好的屏蔽其他信号对控制信号的影响，使输出端得到更稳定可靠的波形。在电路板线路布置时采用大于等于2.5mm的粗铜线，并且在粗铜线两侧增加地线，这样既屏蔽了其他信号的干扰也能保证电路板中能承受大电流。In the above-mentioned wireless charging equipment, the oscillation control module of the controller uses a circuit board with upper and lower layers and a ground layer. A diode circuit and buffer capacitor are added to the ground circuit. This allows the input control signal input terminal to better shield the influence of other signals on the control signal in a high-frequency state, so that the output terminal can obtain a more stable and reliable waveform. When laying out circuit board circuits, use thick copper wires greater than or equal to 2.5mm, and add ground wires on both sides of the thick copper wires. This not only shields interference from other signals but also ensures that the circuit board can withstand large currents.
参见图7，上述无线充电设备中，控制器根据所述电压信号和电流信号动态调控所述发射线圈的电压和电流，使所述电源单元的输出功率最优化为：See Figure 7, Among the above wireless charging devices, The controller dynamically regulates the voltage and current of the transmitting coil according to the voltage signal and current signal, The output power of the power supply unit is optimized as:
步骤1)获取发射线圈个数m、用电设备的接收线圈个数n和发射线圈的阻抗矩阵ZT；Step 1) Obtain the number m of transmitting coils, the number n of receiving coils of electrical equipment and the impedance matrix ZT of the transmitting coil;
步骤2)向全部发射线圈施加秩为m的电压矩阵VT，测量不同电压向量下的电流矩阵IT；Step 2) Apply a voltage matrixVT of rank m to all transmitting coils and measure different voltage vectors The current matrix IT under;
步骤3)求得复数矩阵B和S；Step 3) Obtain the complex matrices B and S;
步骤4)对复数矩阵S求实部Q，对矩阵Q求其对应于最大特征值的特征向量Step 4) Find the real part Q of the complex matrix S, and find the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the matrix Q.
步骤5)根据求得实数K和c，继而求得发射线圈适配电流/>Step 5) According to Find the real numbers K and c, and then find the transmitting coil adaptation current/>
步骤6)根据求得将/>转化为发射线圈适配电压/>Step 6) According to Ask for the general/> Convert to transmitter coil adaptation voltage/>
步骤7)向所述发射线圈施加电压向量实现使所述电源单元的输出功率最优化。Step 7) Apply a voltage vector to the transmitting coil Optimizing the output power of the power supply unit is achieved.
优选的，上述振荡控制模块可采用数模转换器电路实现，数模转换器又称D/A转换器，简称DAC，它能将并行二进制的数字量转换为直流电压或直流电流。D/A转换器基本上由4个部分组成，即权电阻网络、运算放大器、基准电源和模拟开关。根据本发明的上述调控算法得出的数字量用代码按数位组合起来表示的，对于有权码，每位代码都有一定的位权。为了将数字量转换成模拟量，要将每1位的代码按其位权的大小转换成相应的模拟量，然后将这些模拟量相加，即可得到与数字量成正比的总模拟量，从而实现了数字-模拟转换。Preferably, the above-mentioned oscillation control module can be implemented using a digital-to-analog converter circuit. The digital-to-analog converter is also called a D/A converter, or DAC for short. It can convert parallel binary digital quantities into DC voltage or DC current. The D/A converter basically consists of 4 parts, namely the weight resistor network, the operational amplifier, the reference power supply and the analog switch. The digital quantity obtained according to the above-mentioned control algorithm of the present invention is represented by a combination of codes according to digits. For weighted codes, each code has a certain bit weight. In order to convert a digital quantity into an analog quantity, each 1-bit code must be converted into a corresponding analog quantity according to its bit weight, and then these analog quantities are added together to obtain a total analog quantity that is proportional to the digital quantity. This enables digital-to-analog conversion.
上述无线充电设备中，电源单元包括：顺次连接的整流电路和滤波稳压电路；In the above wireless charging equipment, the power supply unit includes: a rectifier circuit and a filter voltage stabilizing circuit connected in sequence;
其中，所述整流电路设有交流电源接入端；Wherein, the rectifier circuit is provided with an AC power access terminal;
所述滤波稳压电路设有直流稳压电源输出端，该直流稳压电源输出端与所述控制器电气连接。The filtering and voltage stabilizing circuit is provided with a DC voltage-stabilized power supply output terminal, and the DC voltage-stabilized power supply output terminal is electrically connected to the controller.
上述无线充电设备中，输出单元包括：检测模块和逆变器；In the above wireless charging device, the output unit includes: a detection module and an inverter;
其中，所述检测模块与所述逆变器电气连接，该检测模块设置所述检测信号输出端；Wherein, the detection module is electrically connected to the inverter, and the detection module is provided with the detection signal output end;
所述逆变器设有多个输出端，各输出端均电气连接一个发射线圈。The inverter is provided with multiple output terminals, and each output terminal is electrically connected to a transmitting coil.
上述无线充电设备中，驱动单元采用高频三极管驱动电路或MOS管驱动电路。In the above-mentioned wireless charging equipment, the driving unit adopts a high-frequency transistor driving circuit or a MOS tube driving circuit.
本发明实施例还提供一种功率最优化多对多无线充电控制方法，应用于上述的功率最优化多对多无线充电设备，包括以下步骤：Embodiments of the present invention also provide a power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging control method, applied to the above-mentioned power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging equipment, including the following steps:
步骤1)获取发射线圈个数m、用电设备接收线圈个数n和发射端的阻抗矩阵ZT；Step 1) Obtain the number m of transmitting coils, the number n of receiving coils of electrical equipment and the impedance matrix ZT of the transmitting end;
步骤2)向各发射端施加秩为m的电压矩阵VT，测量不同电压向量下的电流矩阵IT；Step 2) Apply a voltage matrixVT of rank m to each transmitter and measure different voltage vectors The current matrix IT under;
步骤3)求得复数矩阵B和S；Step 3) Obtain the complex matrices B and S;
步骤4)对复数矩阵S求实部Q，对矩阵Q求其对应于最大特征值的特征向量Step 4) Find the real part Q of the complex matrix S, and find the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the matrix Q.
步骤5)根据求得实数K和c，继而求得发射端适配电流/>Step 5) According to Find the real numbers K and c, and then find the transmitter adaptation current/>
步骤6)根据求得将/>转化为发射线圈适配电压/>Step 6) According to Ask for the general/> Convert to transmitter coil adaptation voltage/>
步骤7)向所述发射线圈施加所述适配电压向量实现使所述电源单元的输出功率最优化。Step 7) Apply the adaptation voltage vector to the transmitting coil Optimizing the output power of the power supply unit is achieved.
下面对本发明实施例具体作进一步地详细描述。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.
本发明提供一种功率最优化的多对多无线充电设备，是一种利用了MIMO技术的无线磁充电设备，运用通信领域的多入多出技术，在发射线圈达到一定效率的前提下，针对随身小功率接收设备进行多对多的无线充电原型，对短距离内的数台用电设备实现无线充电，解决了对无线充电技术中的空间自由度低的问题。并且，由于采用了调控算法，能对磁共振产生的磁场进行塑形，达到电能多对多的高效传输。The present invention provides a power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging device, which is a wireless magnetic charging device that utilizes MIMO technology. It uses multiple-input multiple-output technology in the field of communications, and on the premise that the transmitting coil reaches a certain efficiency. The portable low-power receiving device performs a many-to-many wireless charging prototype to wirelessly charge several electrical devices within a short distance, solving the problem of low spatial freedom in wireless charging technology. Moreover, due to the adoption of a control algorithm, the magnetic field generated by magnetic resonance can be shaped to achieve efficient many-to-many transmission of electrical energy.
磁充电是利用磁场传输能量，磁场相对于电场和电磁波来说有着相对较好的安全性。它是一种非辐射场，而电场与电磁场均为辐射场，电场与高频电磁波对人体都有着较大的伤害，而目前的科学实验尚未证明磁场对人体的不良影响，所以它才成为无线充电领域的主要媒介。在MIMO磁充电系统中，有三种不同类型的互感，即发射端与发射端、发射端与接收端、接收端与接收端之间的互感，如可用的形式表示。由于复杂的影响因子，线圈之间的互感值无法通过直接计算得出，所以需要通过其他数据的实测得到实际环境中的互感值。经过严格的电磁场理论分析，互感系数Mxy＝Myx，所以发射端Tx的阻抗矩阵ZT与接收端阻抗矩阵ZR都是对称阵。由于接收端Rx一般是移动设备，所以Tx-Rx/Rx-Rx互感应该随着时间的推移而定期进行估计。因此，一旦MIMO磁信道条件发生变化，实际中调控算法应该能够检测到信号变化，并由此重新进行波束成型。Magnetic charging uses magnetic fields to transmit energy. Magnetic fields are relatively safer than electric fields and electromagnetic waves. It is a non-radiating field, while electric fields and electromagnetic fields are both radiation fields. Electric fields and high-frequency electromagnetic waves can cause great harm to the human body. However, current scientific experiments have not proven the adverse effects of magnetic fields on the human body, so it has become a wireless The main medium in the field of charging. In the MIMO magnetic charging system, there are three different types of mutual inductance, namely the mutual inductance between the transmitter and the transmitter, the transmitter and the receiver, and the receiver and the receiver. If available expressed in the form. Due to complex influencing factors, the mutual inductance value between coils cannot be directly calculated, so the mutual inductance value in the actual environment needs to be obtained through actual measurement of other data. After rigorous electromagnetic field theoretical analysis, the mutual inductance coefficient Mxy = Myx , so the impedance matrix ZT of the transmitting end Tx and the receiving end impedance matrix ZR are both symmetrical matrices. Since the receiving end Rx is generally a mobile device, the Tx-Rx/Rx-Rx mutual inductance should be estimated periodically over time. Therefore, once the MIMO magnetic channel conditions change, the actual control algorithm should be able to detect the signal change and re-form the beam accordingly.
为确定动态调控的方式，需要多对多无线充电系统中的如下几个未知量：In order to determine the dynamic control method, the following unknown quantities in the many-to-many wireless charging system are required:
(1)系统频率f；(1) System frequency f;
(2)线圈互感Mi；(2) Coil mutual inductance Mi ;
(3)接收回路电阻Rr；(3) Receiving loop resistance Rr ;
(4)负载阻值R；(4) Load resistance R;
(5)磁感应强度B；(5) Magnetic induction intensity B;
(6)磁通量S。(6) Magnetic flux S.
在MIMO无线充电系统中，考虑三种不同类型的互感，根据基尔霍夫定理，可以推导出如下公式。In the MIMO wireless charging system, considering three different types of mutual inductance, according to Kirchhoff's theorem, the following formula can be derived.
对任意发射线圈x有电压等式：There is a voltage equation for any transmitter coil x:
对任意接收线圈y有电流等式：There is a current equation for any receiving coil y:
如果使用矩阵形式表示所有线圈，那么公式如下：If all coils are expressed in matrix form, the formula is as follows:
其中的向量和矩阵定义如附录B所示，上标T表示对向量或者矩阵的转置操作。The definitions of vectors and matrices are shown in Appendix B. The superscript T represents the transpose operation of the vector or matrix.
在总功率一定的情况下，设总功率为P，发射端功率PT，接收端功率PR，则三者满足以下等式：When the total power is constant, assuming that the total power is P, the transmitter power PT and the receiver power PR , then the three satisfy the following equation:
其中RT和RR分别为发射端和接收端的电阻，是对角实数矩阵，上标*表示共轭转置，矩阵的详细定义见附录B，应用式1.3，即可得到下式：Among them, RT and RR are the resistances of the transmitting end and the receiving end respectively, which are diagonal real number matrices. The superscript * represents the conjugate transpose. See Appendix B for the detailed definition of the matrix. Applying Equation 1.3, the following formula can be obtained:
那么该问题变为在不超过总功率P的前提下，如何供给发射端电流使得接收端功率PR最大化？在已有的文献中已经证明了如下结论：在不超过总功率P的前提下，满足最大化接收端功率PR的/>取矩阵H*RRH最大特征值的特征向量的c倍即若/>是矩阵H*RRH最大特征值对应的特征向量，那么有实数/>令c＝P/K，则符合问题的最优解可表示为：Then the problem becomes how to supply the transmitter current without exceeding the total power P. Maximize the receiver power PR ? The following conclusion has been proved in the existing literature: on the premise that the total power P is not exceeded, the maximum receiving end power PR is satisfied/> Take c times the eigenvector of the largest eigenvalue of matrix H* RR H, that is, if/> is the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of matrix H* RR H, then there are real numbers/> Let c=P/K, then the optimal solution to the problem can be expressed as:
根据上述分析得出动态调控的具体方式如下：Based on the above analysis, the specific methods of dynamic control are as follows:
(1)调入所有已知量，包括发射线圈个数m、接收线圈个数n、发射线圈阻抗矩阵ZT等；(1) Call in all known quantities, including the number of transmitting coils m, the number of receiving coils n, the transmitting coil impedance matrix ZT , etc.;
(2)向发射线圈施加秩为m的电压矩阵VT，测量不同下的电流矩阵IT；(2) Apply a voltage matrix VT of rank m to the transmitting coil, and measure different The current matrix IT under;
(3)求得复数矩阵B和S；(3) Obtain the complex matrices B and S;
(4)对矩阵S求实部Q，对矩阵Q求其对应于最大特征值的特征向量(4) Find the real part Q of the matrix S, and find the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix Q.
(5)根据上式(1.6)求得实数K和c，继而求得发射线圈适配电流(5) According to the above equation (1.6), obtain the real numbers K and c, and then obtain the transmitting coil adaptation current
(6)根据上式(1.3)求得将转化为发射线圈适配电压/>(6) According to the above equation (1.3), we can get Convert to transmitter coil adaptation voltage/>
(7)向发射线圈施加电压向量(7) Apply voltage vector to the transmitting coil
基于以上推导得出的调控过程，能作为本发明调控算法的控制过程，实现对无线充电设备的硬件进行控制。The control process derived based on the above can be used as the control process of the control algorithm of the present invention to control the hardware of the wireless charging device.
实施例Example
本实施例提供一种功率最优化的多对多无线充电设备，其硬件构成如图1、2所示，包括：This embodiment provides a power-optimized many-to-many wireless charging device, the hardware composition of which is shown in Figures 1 and 2, including:
电源单元、控制器、驱动单元、输出单元和多个发射线圈；其中，power supply unit, controller, drive unit, output unit and multiple transmitting coils; wherein,
所述电源单元依次经所述控制器和所述驱动单元与所述输出单元电气连接，所述输出单元分别与所述多个发射线圈电气连接；The power supply unit is electrically connected to the output unit via the controller and the driving unit in turn, and the output unit is electrically connected to the plurality of transmitting coils respectively;
所述输出单元设有检测信号输出端，该检测信号输出端与所述控制器电气连接；The output unit is provided with a detection signal output terminal, and the detection signal output terminal is electrically connected to the controller;
所述控制器能根据所述输出单元的检测信号输出端反馈的充电电流和发射线圈的阻抗状态，转换为发射线圈的电压信号和电流信号后，根据所述电压信号和电流信号动态调控所述发射线圈的电压和电流，使所述电源单元的输出功率最优化。The controller can convert the charging current fed back by the detection signal output end of the output unit and the impedance state of the transmitting coil into a voltage signal and a current signal of the transmitting coil, and then dynamically regulate the charging current according to the voltage signal and current signal. The transmitter coil voltage and current optimize the output power of the power supply unit.
上述无线充电设备的整体电路构成如图3、4和5所示，其中，图3中包括电源单元的电路(虚线框1示意的U1其外围电路部分，优选的，U1可采用LM7812芯片)、控制器的振荡控制模块、驱动单元的电路(虚线框3示意的U1、U2部分的电路，优选的，U1、U2可采用2SC335芯片)和输出单元的电路(虚线框4示意的Q1-Q4部分的电路)以及多个并联电气连接的发射线圈电路(如发射线圈L1和电阻R1、电容C1所在电路、发射线圈L2和电阻R2、电容C2所在电路以及发射线圈Ln和电阻Rn、电容Cn所在电路)。图4示意了部分驱动单元电路。图5示意了控制器所采用的单片机电路。The overall circuit structure of the above-mentioned wireless charging equipment is shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. Figure 3 includes the circuit of the power supply unit (the peripheral circuit part of U1 indicated by the dotted box 1. Preferably, U1 can use the LM7812 chip), The oscillation control module of the controller, the circuit of the drive unit (the circuits of the U1 and U2 parts indicated by the dotted box 3, preferably, U1 and U2 can use the 2SC335 chip) and the circuit of the output unit (the Q1-Q4 parts indicated by the dotted box 4 circuit) and multiple parallel electrically connected transmitting coil circuits (such as the circuit where transmitting coil L1 and resistor R1, capacitor C1 are located, the circuit where transmitting coil L2 and resistor R2, capacitor C2 are located, and the circuit where transmitting coil Ln, resistor Rn, and capacitor Cn are located ). Figure 4 illustrates part of the drive unit circuit. Figure 5 illustrates the microcontroller circuit used in the controller.
其中，电源单元由顺次连接的整流桥电路(参见图4)和滤波稳压电路组成；能将家用220V，50HZ的交流电变为稳定的直流电源，供给后面的整个电路。参见图3，以U3为核心的稳压电路用于将变化的直流电源稳压至5V，其中C2、C3、C4为滤波电容，能滤除直流电中的低频及杂波分量，R2用于分压；在整个电路中，通过设置滤波稳压电路，起到过流保护作用，在电路中大电流时能保证该设备和使用人员的操作安全。Among them, the power supply unit consists of a rectifier bridge circuit (see Figure 4) and a filter and voltage stabilizing circuit connected in sequence; it can convert household 220V, 50HZ AC power into a stable DC power supply, which can be supplied to the entire subsequent circuit. Referring to Figure 3, the voltage stabilizing circuit with U3 as the core is used to stabilize the changing DC power supply to 5V. C2, C3, and C4 are filter capacitors, which can filter out low-frequency and clutter components in the DC power. R2 is used to separate the voltage. voltage; in the entire circuit, by setting up a filtering and voltage stabilizing circuit, it plays an overcurrent protection role, ensuring the operational safety of the equipment and users when there is a large current in the circuit.
控制单元采用单片机电路，主要是由顺次连接振荡控制模块和优化处理模块，其中，振荡控制模块采用振荡电路(参见图3所示的信号源)，能根据实际发射电路的阻抗匹配，产生谐振频率；The control unit uses a single-chip microcomputer circuit, which is mainly connected in sequence to the oscillation control module and the optimization processing module. Among them, the oscillation control module uses an oscillation circuit (see the signal source shown in Figure 3), which can generate resonance according to the impedance matching of the actual transmitting circuit. frequency;
优化处理模块采用单片机电路(参见图5所示电路)，能根据输出单元的检测信号输出端反馈的充电电流和发射线圈的阻抗状态，转换为发射线圈的电压信号和电流信号后，根据所述电压信号和电流信号动态调控所述发射线圈的电压和电流，使所述电源单元的输出功率最优化。The optimization processing module uses a single-chip microcomputer circuit (see the circuit shown in Figure 5), which can convert the charging current fed back by the detection signal output terminal of the output unit and the impedance state of the transmitting coil into the voltage signal and current signal of the transmitting coil, and then according to the The voltage signal and current signal dynamically regulate the voltage and current of the transmitting coil to optimize the output power of the power supply unit.
具体的，控制单元采用美国德州仪器(TI)出品的一款单片机MSP430F149，本发明主要使用了该单片机MSP430F149中的定时器A、ADC12以及UART异步通信模块。编程实现调用该单片机的高频振荡源XT2，设定系统子时钟SMCLK频率1Mhz，具体的时钟设置如下表1所示：Specifically, the control unit adopts a single-chip computer MSP430F149 produced by Texas Instruments (TI) in the United States. The present invention mainly uses the timer A, ADC12 and UART asynchronous communication module in the single-chip computer MSP430F149. Programming calls the high-frequency oscillation source XT2 of the microcontroller and sets the system sub-clock SMCLK frequency to 1Mhz. The specific clock settings are shown in Table 1 below:
表1 MSP430F149的时钟源设置Table 1 Clock source settings of MSP430F149
1)不可调频的时钟源振荡频率如下：LFXT1：32768Hz，XT2：8Mhz，ADC12OSC：5Mhz。1) The oscillation frequency of the non-frequency-adjustable clock source is as follows: LFXT1: 32768Hz, XT2: 8Mhz, ADC12OSC: 5Mhz.
2)DCO时钟源是可调的，这里选择默认设置(约800Khz)，由于DCO数控振荡器受环境影响大，所以实测与之有一定误差。2) The DCO clock source is adjustable. The default setting (about 800Khz) is selected here. Since the DCO numerically controlled oscillator is greatly affected by the environment, there is a certain error in the actual measurement.
在设置的采样程序中，本发明设置ADC12根据定时器A提供的PWM波形进行采样，ADC12在采样信号波形处于上升沿时进行采样，设计定时器A工作于连续模式下，输出波形设置为输出模式4(参见图6)。由于定时器A的连续工作模式，故定时器将从0循环计数至0xFFFF即65536。定时器A每经过一个时钟周期计数一次，而该模块工作频率为1Mhz，故根据PWM波形跳变方式，该PWM波形的周期为2倍的计数时间，即131072us，所以设计的ADC采样程序将间隔约0.13s采样一次。针对可能发生的数据冲突，本发明的设置条件如下，ADC12对一个通道的单次采样和存储仅需耗费18个时钟周期，而ADC12工作于5Mhz的频率下，故该采样存储过程耗时3.6us。如果同时采集8个通道的数据，加上零碎的处理周期，总时间也不会超过50us，远小于设置的采样周期，所以不会发生数据还未经过处理，新一轮采样结果已经产生的冲突。In the set sampling program, the present invention sets ADC12 to sample according to the PWM waveform provided by timer A. ADC12 samples when the sampling signal waveform is on the rising edge. Timer A is designed to work in continuous mode and the output waveform is set to output mode. 4 (see Figure 6). Due to the continuous working mode of timer A, the timer will cycle from 0 to 0xFFFF, which is 65536. Timer A counts once every clock cycle, and the operating frequency of the module is 1Mhz. Therefore, according to the PWM waveform jump mode, the period of the PWM waveform is 2 times the counting time, that is, 131072us, so the designed ADC sampling program will Sample once every 0.13 seconds. In view of possible data conflicts, the setting conditions of the present invention are as follows. ADC12 only consumes 18 clock cycles for a single sampling and storage of one channel, and ADC12 operates at a frequency of 5Mhz, so the sampling and storage process takes 3.6us. . If data from 8 channels are collected at the same time, plus fragmented processing cycles, the total time will not exceed 50us, which is far less than the set sampling cycle, so there will be no conflicts in which the data has not been processed and the new round of sampling results have already occurred. .
驱动单元主要采用三极管放大电路(参见图3、4所示电路)，具有电压放大作用，没有电流放大，有电流跟随作用，输入电阻小，高频特性好。The drive unit mainly uses a transistor amplifier circuit (see the circuit shown in Figures 3 and 4), which has a voltage amplification function, no current amplification, but a current following function, small input resistance, and good high-frequency characteristics.
输出单元主要是由MOS管(Q1-Q4)组成，MOS管是半导体基本元器件之一，具有电流放大作用，是电子电路的核心元件。根据振荡电路产生的0～5V的谐振方波，控制MOS管开断，用TR1、TR2将振荡信号电压放大至0～12V，将控制信号，变为可控的功率信号。该输出单元使用了AD8302作为高频检测的检测模块，能获取接收端的电压与电流，这两者均为复数域上的变量。该检测模块的输入为两路高频信号(1Mhz～2.7Ghz)，具体与图3中与发射线圈所在电路两端连接，输出值为两路信号的幅值比和相位差，与使用单片机MSP430电路的控制器来编程实现ADC采样和串口通信，将端口采集到的电压值输出至作为上位机的控制器的单片机进行处理。具体的，输出单元采用的整流桥电路，用了桥式连接的D级功放电路，即采用Q1与Q2、Q3与Q4两对D级功放电路，两路的驱动信号反向，使输出级组成互补推挽式输出结构，理想状态下，该电路将输出±Vcc的方波信号。图3中L1是发射线圈，C1是谐振电容(匹配1Mhz)，实际中由于MOS管仍存在欧姆量级的导通内阻，故在输出端串接一个功率电阻，防止串联谐振时，LC回路无电阻，导致压降全部置于MOS管上，出现短路致使MOS管过流的现象。The output unit is mainly composed of MOS tubes (Q1-Q4). MOS tubes are one of the basic components of semiconductors. They have the function of current amplification and are the core components of electronic circuits. According to the resonant square wave of 0~5V generated by the oscillation circuit, the MOS tube is controlled to turn on and off, and TR1 and TR2 are used to amplify the oscillation signal voltage to 0~12V, turning the control signal into a controllable power signal. The output unit uses AD8302 as the detection module for high-frequency detection, which can obtain the voltage and current at the receiving end, both of which are variables in the complex domain. The input of the detection module is two high-frequency signals (1Mhz ~ 2.7Ghz), which are specifically connected to both ends of the circuit where the transmitting coil is located in Figure 3. The output value is the amplitude ratio and phase difference of the two signals, which is the same as using the MSP430 microcontroller. The controller of the circuit is programmed to implement ADC sampling and serial communication, and the voltage value collected by the port is output to the microcontroller as the controller of the host computer for processing. Specifically, the rectifier bridge circuit used in the output unit uses a bridge-connected Class D power amplifier circuit, that is, two pairs of Class D power amplifier circuits Q1 and Q2, Q3 and Q4 are used. The driving signals of the two channels are reversed, so that the output stage consists of Complementary push-pull output structure, under ideal conditions, this circuit will output a square wave signal of ±Vcc. In Figure 3, L1 is the transmitting coil, and C1 is the resonant capacitor (matching 1Mhz). In practice, since the MOS tube still has an ohm-level conduction internal resistance, a power resistor is connected in series at the output end to prevent the LC loop from causing series resonance. There is no resistance, causing the voltage drop to be entirely placed on the MOS tube, resulting in a short circuit causing the MOS tube to overcurrent.
上述设备中，当作为控制器的单片机采集到实时数据时，就需要立即将数据传输至上位机进行处理，这一部分将阐述本发明中串口通信部分的设计和实现以及真实数据的格式转换。In the above equipment, when the microcontroller as the controller collects real-time data, it needs to immediately transmit the data to the host computer for processing. This section will describe the design and implementation of the serial communication part of the present invention and the format conversion of real data.
(21)串口通信：(21) Serial communication:
上述单片机中ADC12采集到了12位二进制的数据，对应一个电压值，存储在ADC12的存储寄存器中。根据文档中的说明，这12位二进制数据由公式(2.1)计算而来：ADC12 in the above-mentioned microcontroller collects 12-bit binary data, which corresponds to a voltage value and is stored in the storage register of ADC12. According to the instructions in the document, these 12-bit binary data are calculated by formula (2.1):
其中，设定VR+＝2.5v，VR+＝0，对应于AD8302的输出范围0～1.8V。Among them, setVR+ =2.5v,VR+ =0, corresponding to the output range of AD8302 from 0 to 1.8V.
由于UART串口通信的限制，一次性最大只能传输一个ASCII字符即8位二进制数，所以本发明选取ADC12的高8位作为传输的数据，得出下式(2.2)。Due to the limitation of UART serial port communication, a maximum of one ASCII character, that is, an 8-bit binary number, can be transmitted at a time. Therefore, the present invention selects the high 8 bits of ADC12 as the transmitted data, and the following formula (2.2) is obtained.
N′ADC＝NADC/16 (2.2)N′ADC =NADC /16 (2.2)
对0～2.5V的范围电压采样，8位采样结果可以提供10mV的采样精度，完全能满足本发明的实验需求，同时这样还能提高传输和转换的效率，降低12位ADC低四位数据随机误差对实验结果的无关干扰。For voltage sampling in the range of 0 to 2.5V, the 8-bit sampling result can provide a sampling accuracy of 10mV, which can fully meet the experimental requirements of the present invention. At the same time, it can also improve the efficiency of transmission and conversion, and reduce the randomness of the lower four bits of the 12-bit ADC data. Errors cause irrelevant interference to experimental results.
对于UART串口通信，本发明采用异步通信模式，一旦ADC12最后一个存储器标志位置位，就将存储器中的数据循环发出。串口的波特率设置为9600baud，8-bit数据传输，校验位0，停止位1。For UART serial port communication, the present invention adopts asynchronous communication mode. Once the last memory flag bit of ADC12 is set, the data in the memory will be sent out cyclically. The baud rate of the serial port is set to 9600baud, 8-bit data transmission, parity bit 0, stop bit 1.
(22)数据转换：(22)Data conversion:
根据上式(2.1)及式(2.2)，本发明使用MATLAB工具编程实现8-bit数据向十进制数继而向实际电压值的转换程序。According to the above formula (2.1) and formula (2.2), the present invention uses MATLAB tool programming to realize the conversion program of 8-bit data to decimal numbers and then to actual voltage values.
模块AD8302的输出电压值范围为30mV～1.8V，其幅度比的对数值和相位差均与电压值呈线性关系。根据相应手册，绘制出该模块输出的电压值与对应幅值比、相位差之间的关系如图7和图8所示。The output voltage value range of the module AD8302 is 30mV ~ 1.8V, and the logarithm value and phase difference of its amplitude ratio are linearly related to the voltage value. According to the corresponding manual, the relationship between the voltage value output by the module and the corresponding amplitude ratio and phase difference is drawn, as shown in Figures 7 and 8.
在上位机端，根据图7和图8所示的关系曲线以及参考信号的幅值、相位将电压值转化为信号的测量电压和相位，作为分析和调度程序的输入.On the host computer side, based on the relationship curves shown in Figures 7 and 8 and the amplitude and phase of the reference signal, the voltage value is converted into the measured voltage and phase of the signal, which is used as input to the analysis and scheduling program.
由于方波信号发生器输出的振荡信号电压最大振幅为0～5V，为充分驱动电源开关电路，这里用TR1、TR2将振荡信号电压放大至0～12V(参见图9所示电路)。Since the maximum amplitude of the oscillation signal voltage output by the square wave signal generator is 0~5V, in order to fully drive the power switch circuit, TR1 and TR2 are used to amplify the oscillation signal voltage to 0~12V (see the circuit shown in Figure 9).
发射线圈主要由铜制线圈、电阻和匹配电容组成，可调控的功率信号通过发射线圈，产生感应磁场，因为是谐振回路，整个回路中的电阻为个位数，所以在单个器件上会产生高电压，整个回路中的电流大，因此，电容和电阻均采用功率电容和功率电阻。接收线圈所在电路通过感应磁场，接受发射线圈传过来的功率，为了减少能量顺号，经过电阻和电容的匹配，产生接收线圈的谐振回路，然后经过接收线圈的稳压整流电路，将接收的交流电变为稳定的直流电源，供给用电设备。The transmitting coil is mainly composed of copper coils, resistors and matching capacitors. The controllable power signal passes through the transmitting coil to generate an induced magnetic field. Because it is a resonant circuit, the resistance in the entire circuit is single digits, so a high voltage will be generated on a single device. The voltage and current in the entire loop are large, so power capacitors and power resistors are used as capacitors and resistors. The circuit where the receiving coil is located receives the power from the transmitting coil through the induced magnetic field. In order to reduce the energy signal, the resonant circuit of the receiving coil is generated through matching of resistors and capacitors. Then, the received AC power is converted through the voltage stabilizing rectifier circuit of the receiving coil. It becomes a stable DC power supply and supplies electrical equipment.
上述充电设备中，电源单元、控制器、驱动单元、输出单元的电路所采用的电路板均采用上、下两层并增加接地层的电路板，在接地电路中加入二极管电路和缓冲电容，这样使得输入控制信号的输入端能在高频状态下，更好的屏蔽其他信号对控制信号的影响，使输出端得到更稳定可靠的波形。在电路板线路布置时，采用大于等于2.5mm的粗铜线，并且在粗铜线两侧增加地线，这样既屏蔽了其他信号的干扰也能保证电路板中能承受大电流。In the above charging equipment, the circuit boards used in the circuits of the power supply unit, controller, drive unit, and output unit all use upper and lower layers of circuit boards with a ground layer added. Diode circuits and buffer capacitors are added to the ground circuit, so that This enables the input terminal of the input control signal to better shield the influence of other signals on the control signal in a high-frequency state, so that the output terminal can obtain a more stable and reliable waveform. When laying out circuit board circuits, use thick copper wires greater than or equal to 2.5mm, and add ground wires on both sides of the thick copper wires. This not only shields interference from other signals but also ensures that the circuit board can withstand large currents.
上述充电设备中，在驱动单元、输出单元所用的发射电路上，为避免在高频的状态下进行内部电路的通断造成MOS管发热而形成的不必要的能量消耗，本发明采用高频三极管，能在高频开关状态下使MOS场效应管导通和阻断，提高导通电压，增加MOS管的导通速率，同时在外围电路上加入滤波电容，使用双电源独立供电，减少电平变化时产生的电平毛刺，尽可能让三极管和MOS管及时的通断，减少元器件的能量消耗。In the above-mentioned charging equipment, in the transmitting circuit used in the driving unit and the output unit, in order to avoid unnecessary energy consumption caused by the heating of the MOS tube due to the switching of the internal circuit in a high-frequency state, the present invention uses a high-frequency transistor. , can conduct and block the MOS field effect tube in high-frequency switching state, increase the conduction voltage, and increase the conduction rate of the MOS tube. At the same time, a filter capacitor is added to the peripheral circuit, and dual power supplies are used to independently supply power to reduce the voltage level. The level glitches generated when changing try to make the transistors and MOS tubes turn on and off in a timely manner to reduce the energy consumption of components.
市场上的充电设备虽然输出的波形和频率都能保证正常输出，工作时不失真的要求，但是输出的功率比较低，仅1～2W，而且在多对多的充电设备开发较少，当输出的频率范围在2MHz以上，变化范围在±0.5MHz，输出波形容易失真。本发明的输出单元采用MOS管电路，在高频的情况下，能实现20W的大功率输出，而且频率能稳定输出在2MHz，完全符合大功率无线充电的功率和频率需求，在多发射端和多接收端的情况下能实现的功率的优化传输。另外，本发明设备可采用反应时间短、等效电容小的电子元件，可满足高频特性要求，避免体积较大的元器件上极易产生分部电容，对高频信号的传输产生严重干扰。Although the output waveform and frequency of charging equipment on the market can ensure normal output and no distortion during operation, the output power is relatively low, only 1~2W, and there is less development of many-to-many charging equipment. When the output The frequency range is above 2MHz, the variation range is ±0.5MHz, and the output waveform is easily distorted. The output unit of the present invention adopts MOS tube circuit, which can achieve high power output of 20W under high frequency, and the frequency can be stably output at 2MHz, which fully meets the power and frequency requirements of high-power wireless charging. It can be used in multiple transmitters and Optimized transmission of power can be achieved in the case of multiple receivers. In addition, the equipment of the present invention can use electronic components with short response time and small equivalent capacitance, which can meet the requirements of high-frequency characteristics and avoid the occurrence of partial capacitance on larger components, which will seriously interfere with the transmission of high-frequency signals. .
本发明在发射与接收线圈匹配上，通过发射频率进行谐振匹配，降低整个回路的阻抗，并采用纯铜材料绕制大口径的发射线圈，降低线圈的能量消散，这样也增加了磁通量，扩大了充电的范围，铜线也能负载高压和电路中的大电流；在整个电路中，本发明通过设置滤波稳压电路，起到过流保护作用，保证本发明的设备和使用人员的操作安全。In matching the transmitting and receiving coils, the present invention performs resonance matching through the transmitting frequency to reduce the impedance of the entire loop, and uses pure copper material to wind the large-diameter transmitting coil to reduce the energy dissipation of the coil, which also increases the magnetic flux and expands the Within the charging range, the copper wire can also carry high voltage and large current in the circuit; in the entire circuit, the present invention plays an overcurrent protection role by setting up a filtering and voltage stabilizing circuit to ensure the operational safety of the equipment and users of the present invention.
为了最大化的利用感应到的能量，使用本发明无线充电设备的用电设备的接收回路可使用全桥整流(用电设备的接收回路优选可采用图6所示意的电路)，利用低功耗的二极管和陶瓷电容，简化接收电路，进而达到更高的能量利用率。In order to maximize the utilization of the induced energy, the receiving circuit of the electrical equipment using the wireless charging device of the present invention can use a full-bridge rectifier (the receiving circuit of the electrical equipment can preferably use the circuit shown in Figure 6), taking advantage of low power consumption. diodes and ceramic capacitors to simplify the receiving circuit and achieve higher energy utilization.
本发明的优点效果为：The advantages and effects of the present invention are:
(1)在有效范围内，使整个设备的传输效率最大化；(1) Maximize the transmission efficiency of the entire device within the effective range;
(2)不受接口的限制，只要支持同一标准的协议(如Qi标准[1])即可对设备充电，实现对多台设备充电；(2) It is not restricted by the interface. As long as it supports the same standard protocol (such as the Qi standard [1]), the device can be charged and multiple devices can be charged;
(3)充电过程中可以安全使用设备，避免触电危险；(3) The equipment can be used safely during charging to avoid the risk of electric shock;
(4)降低电池损耗，无线充电区域内可对设备持续供电，几乎不消耗电池电量；(4) Reduce battery loss, the device can be continuously powered in the wireless charging area, and almost no battery power is consumed;
(5)由于采用无线充电方式，没有设置外露插槽，很多产品可以做成完全封闭的防尘防水结构，增强外观观感、提高耐用性；(5) Due to the wireless charging method and no exposed slots, many products can be made into completely enclosed dustproof and waterproof structures to enhance the appearance and durability;
(6)无需插拔，即放即充，避免经常插拔接口导致的硬件伤耗。(6) There is no need to plug or unplug, just put it in and charge it, avoiding hardware damage caused by frequent plugging and unplugging interfaces.
综上所述，本发明的无线充电设备通过硬件电路的元器件之间的组合和电路的简化，采用适用的材料，配合优化的调控算法，保证了高效能量传输和利用，能实现高效的多对多无线充电，具有更广阔的前景和市场价值。To sum up, the wireless charging device of the present invention ensures efficient energy transmission and utilization through the combination of components of the hardware circuit and the simplification of the circuit, using suitable materials and cooperating with the optimized control algorithm, and can achieve efficient multi-function charging. Multi-wireless charging has broader prospects and market value.
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，所述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory，ROM)或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory，RAM)等。Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a program. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the process may include the processes of the above method embodiments. Wherein, the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), etc.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or modifications within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. All substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
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