A kind of vehicle mounted dynamic battery group of temperature adjustableTechnical field
The present invention relates to the vehicle-mounted power batteries of electric car, and in particular to a kind of vehicle mounted dynamic battery of temperature adjustableGroup.
Background technique
With the raising of environmental protection standard, wideling popularize the clean electric car of green becomes social alternative technology sideCase.However, to there are greatest differences between the course continuation mileage and charging time and consumer demand of batteries of electric automobile.Therefore,Battery thermal management is one of the key technical problem for needing to solve in electric car actual application.Battery thermal management systemMajor function includes: the accurate measurement and monitoring of battery temperature；Effective heat dissipation and ventilation when battery temperature is excessively high；Cryogenic conditionsUnder quick heating；Pernicious gas generate when available ventilation and to the equally distributed holding in battery temperature field.
Battery thermal management can be divided into two kinds of situations of cooling and heating.Cooling, mainly preventing temperature is more than the normal work of batteryThe maximum permissible value of work, specific requirement control the temperature rise of battery pack, and the temperature of each point, keeps each single battery in balancing battery caseTemperature it is consistent, prevent from causing battery performance difference between battery pack because of temperature difference.Current cooling method is mainly had timeAir cooling, liquid cooling and Phase cooling.Wherein, air cooling cost is minimum but cooling effect is bad；The cooling effect of Phase coolingFruit is good but cost is excessively high；Liquid cooling cost is moderate but needs the memory space of cooling medium and extracorporal circulatory system space.Heating,The activity of battery, improves the insertion ability of cathode of lithium battery graphite, to avoid low when mainly improving environment temperature lower chargingLarge current charge under warm operating condition and the battery thermal runaway being likely to occur.
When the circuit that direct current is made up of two kinds of different conductive materials, a joint discharges heat, another connectsHeat is absorbed at head.The process is thermodynamically reversible, and when changing the direction of direct current, release end of heat and heat absorbing end change therewithBecome.This phenomenon is known as the peltier effect of thermoelectric material, also referred to as the second effect of thermoelectricity.Thermoelectric material with the effect canTo realize the orientation heat transfer from low temperature side to high temperature side.This process is the conversion of all solid state energy, without chemical reaction, without streamBody medium, it is noiseless, without abrasion, without medium leakage, small in size, light-weight, conveniently moving, long service life, later maintenance atThis is almost nil.
Existing battery is in charging, if environment temperature is lower, lithium ion battery, positive lithium abjection is fast, and cathode lithium is insideThe insertion speed in portion is slow, will cause lithium metal in the accumulation of electrode surface, generates dendrite, lead to battery short circuit；Nickel-metal hydride battery bySlow in infiltration rate of the metal-hydride negative to hydrogen, hydrogen has little time to be absorbed by hydrogen-storage alloy, forms hydrogen, increases inner pressure of battery, influencesSecurity performance.For low temperature charging problems, the prior art is early period using low current charge, and charging process transfer efficiency is less than100%, so that part electricity conversion is at heat, so that batteries of electric automobile group temperature gradually rises, charge acceptanceRise, is finally reached and charges normal speed.But this method charging current early period is smaller, the heat for causing electric current to generate is smaller,It is longer that battery from low temperature reaches the normal temperature time, finally extends the charging time.On the other hand, charging time length means listA charging pile working efficiency is low, and electrically-charging equipment is continuously increased to meet charge requirement, objectively increases power grid construction, fortuneBattalion and maintenance cost.
Existing battery is when discharging work, if environment temperature is higher, not only influences actual use performance and the longevity of batteryLife, also directly affects the security reliability of battery.The excessively high exothermic reaction that can cause between electrode material and electrolyte of temperature, makes heatThe simultaneously fast propagation out of control that is further exacerbated by will lead to entire battery pack and produce gas even explosion issues.If environment temperature is lower,It will lead to the cruising ability decline of vehicle mounted dynamic battery.
Therefore, above-mentioned to overcome the problems, such as, it is desirable to provide a kind of vehicle mounted dynamic battery group of temperature adjustable,
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, the quasi- peltier effect using thermoelectric material of the present invention realizes the temperature of vehicle mounted dynamic battery to a certain extentDegree control, to reach the efficient purpose of energy-saving safety.
In order to achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
Thermoelectric components are arranged on the vehicle mounted dynamic battery group outer wall in a kind of vehicle mounted dynamic battery group of temperature adjustable,It is provided with low-melting alloy layer therebetween.
Preferably, the thermoelectric components are made of thermoelectric element；P-type and N of the thermoelectric element suitable for middle low-temperature spaceType Bi2Te3Class thermoelectric material is made.
Preferably, be respectively provided on the battery pack positive and negative electrode conventional charge/discharge operation lead-out wire and forThe lead-out wire of thermoelectric components power supply.
Preferably, change-over switch is set in the circuit of lead-out wire Yu the thermoelectric components composition of the power supply.
Preferably, the p-type Bi2Te3Class thermoelectric material includes the material being shown below: (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3, 0.7≤x≤0.75。
Preferably, the p-type Bi2Te3Class thermoelectric material is prepared as follows:
(1) Bi, Sb and Te will be fitted into sintering quartz ampoule after vacuum sealing tube in the chemical formula ratio, and will be packed into 700The rocking furnace that resistance heating, 100 °~130 ° amplitudes at~850 DEG C are waved is sintered 36~48h；
(2) 600 DEG C are cooled to the rate of 3 DEG C/h, heat preservation is reduced the temperature to again with the rate of 1.5 DEG C/h after 1~2 hour585℃；
(3) 550 DEG C are cooled to the rate of 3 DEG C/h after keeping the temperature 1~1.5 hour；
(4) room temperature is naturally cooled to after annealing 48 hours, i.e. acquisition p-type Bi2Te3Class thermoelectric material.
Preferably, the N-type Bi2Te3Class thermoelectric material is the island structure tissue that wherein at least a kind of element is segregated,Its sea portion is 5 μm or less by the average grain diameter of C axis facing one direction and crystal grain is constituted；Island portion is 20~50 μm by average lengthElongate grains constitute；The island portion random distribution is in extra large portion.
Compared with the latest prior art, technical solution provided by the invention has following excellent effect:
In technical solution provided by the invention, thermoelectric components are provided with using the outer wall in battery pack, are set therebetweenIt is equipped with low-melting alloy layer, so that the winter cruising ability of on-vehicle battery group improves 5~10%, reducing summer fires windDanger, improves charging rate 5~10%；
The Bi of the present invention2Te3Class thermoelectric material thermoelectricity capability is prominent, and compactness is high.
Detailed description of the invention:
The structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1 vehicle mounted dynamic battery group of the present invention；
Fig. 2 wiring schematic diagram of the present invention；
The installation diagram of Fig. 3 vehicle mounted dynamic battery group of the present invention；
Wherein: 1: battery cell；2: low-melting alloy；3: thermoelectric components；4:P type thermoelectric material；5:N type thermoelectric material；6: substrate；7: battery pack outer wall；8: positive electrode；9: negative electrode；10: positive sending and receiving motivation line；11: anode connects thermoelectric components line；12: switching switch；13: cathode sending and receiving motivation line；14: cathode connects thermoelectric components line；15: interconnection；16: baffle；17: panel；18: through-hole；19: shrinkage pool；20: baffle edge.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples:
1, thermoelectric material:
A, p-type Bi2Te3Class thermoelectric material
(1) optional simple substance raw material is pressed into (Bi0.28Sb0.72)2Te3Weighing；It is fitted into the more flat quartz ampoule of bottom frit and carries outTube sealing is vacuumized, the rocking furnace of resistance heating is then charged into, quartz ampoule is placed vertically, it is small to be heated up to 780 DEG C of sintering reactions 40When, quartz ampoule sporadically is waved by 120 ° of amplitude during the reaction, guarantees to react abundant and solution uniform component distribution, insteadIt should terminate quartz ampoule being placed into vertical position；
(2) then with the rate slow cooling of 3 DEG C/h to 600 DEG C, cooled down again with the rate of 1.5 DEG C/h after heat preservation 1 hourTo 585 DEG C；
(3) 550 DEG C are cooled to 3 DEG C/h again after keeping the temperature 1.5 hours；
(4) then naturally cooling to room temperature after the annealing temperature 48 hours obtains p-type Bi2Te3Class thermoelectric material.
B, N-type Bi2Te3The structure of class thermoelectric material:
Its institutional framework is island structure, and extra large portion is 5 μm or less and the crystal grain structure of C axis facing one direction by average grain diameterAt island portion is made of elongated crystal grain, and the average length of length direction is 20~50 μm, and the island portion is randomly distributed in seaIn portion, and the structure that at least one kind of element of the island portion material constitution element is segregated；
2, vehicle mounted dynamic battery group
A, the structure of vehicle mounted dynamic battery group:
The vehicle mounted dynamic battery group is made of single battery 1, and single battery 1 is regularly arranged to be placed in the opposite baffle in positionBetween 16 and the opposite panel 17 in position；The both sides of the edge of baffle 16 have baffle wedge stretch out perpendicular to baffle 16, oppositeSide 20 is provided with through-hole 18 on the baffle edge 20, and 17 outer surface of panel is provided with shrinkage pool 19 corresponding with the through-hole 18, andPanel 17 has panel edge stretch out perpendicular to panel 17, opposite perpendicular to the both sides of the edge of baffle 16 at it, oppositePanel 17 is connected and fixed with baffle 16 by being inserted with bolt in the through-hole 18 and shrinkage pool 19, multiple single batteries 1 and panel17 contact jaw is stuck between the panel edge of panel 17.
B, the assembly of vehicle mounted dynamic battery group:
As shown in figure 3, firstly, lower panel is placed on the edge of forward and backward baffle lower edge, and below plate with it is forward and backwardGasket is installed in the junction of baffle, while insertion in corresponding shrinkage pool on the edge through-hole and lower panel at edge under the baffleBolt；
Secondly, arranging single battery on the inner surface of plate below, partition is set between each single battery, and is made everyThe lower end of a single battery is stuck between the left and right positive stop lug boss of lower panel；
Again, top panel is installed to battery pack upper surface, so that top panel is inserted in the edge of forward and backward baffle top edgeLower section, and gasket is installed in the junction of top panel and forward and backward baffle, while be stuck in the upper end of single battery aboveBetween the left and right positive stop lug boss of plate, and bolt is inserted into corresponding shrinkage pool on the edge through-hole and top panel of baffle top edge；
Finally, left and right side plate to be installed to the left and right side of battery pack, and corresponding in side plate and baffle, panelGasket is installed in junction, and the screw hole inserted screws on side plate is fastened.
3, the vehicle mounted dynamic battery group of a kind of temperature adjustable:
1) as shown in Figure 1, by numerous p-types and N-type Bi2Te3Class thermoelectric material is fabricated to thermoelectric element to series-parallel, and willThese thermoelectric elements are fabricated to thermoelectric components in series and parallel respectively；
2) low-melting alloy is placed in the inner surface of above-mentioned electrothermal module and is heated to its fusing point, form liquid alloy, toIt is attached to battery pack outer wall surface after coating uniformly, is just formed between thermoelectric components and battery pack outer wall after cooling stable and hardSolid low-melting alloy thin layer；
3) as shown in Fig. 2, drawing both threads respectively on battery pack positive and negative electrode, one pair of them lead accesses engine and usesIn conventional charge/discharge operation, and the access switching of another pair lead switchs；
4) both threads are drawn after switching switch, is respectively connected to thermoelectric components, and power to it, realize refrigeration or heat preservationFunction.Such as summer temperature it is higher when, give thermoelectric components connect forward current, open refrigeration cool-down mode with meet battery pack dissipateHeat demand,；When winter temperature is lower, heat supply holding mode is opened to thermoelectric components turn-on reversal electric current to meet battery pack heat preservationDemand.
One of the above description is merely a specific embodiment, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, appointsThe variation or replacement what those familiar with the art can readily occur within the technical scope of the present disclosure, allIt is covered by the protection scope of the present invention.