技术领域technical field
本发明涉及显示技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种像素结构、显示器件、 显示装置和投影显示系统。The present invention relates to the field of display technology, and more particularly, to a pixel structure, a display device, a display device and a projection display system.
背景技术Background technique
人类对外部世界获取信息的80％来自视觉，因此，显示装置是现代人们获 取信息的重要途径，显示技术是信息领域的重要发展方向。随着人们对信息 的获取有更多更高的要求，对显示器的性能就有了更多的期待，显示技术及 器件的研究也就越来越重要。80% of the information that humans obtain from the external world comes from vision. Therefore, display devices are an important way for modern people to obtain information, and display technology is an important development direction in the field of information. As people have more and higher requirements for the acquisition of information, there are more expectations for the performance of the display, and the research on display technology and devices is becoming more and more important.
现有的显示器件中，如图1所示，图1为现有的一种液晶显示器件的显示 原理示意图，当上下玻璃基板之间没有加入电场时，入射光透过下偏光片即 偏光层1跟随液晶做90度扭转并从上偏光片即偏光层2出射，使得显示器件显 示为亮态；当上下玻璃基板之间加入电场时，液晶分子会重新排列使得入射 光不再扭转而是维持原方向出射，而出射的光线会被上偏光片即偏光层2遮蔽 无法透出，使得显示器件显示为暗态。也就是说，现有的显示器件需要利用 上下偏光片来实现显示亮度的调制，这就导致现有的显示器件的结构较复杂， 集成度较低。In the existing display device, as shown in FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the display principle of an existing liquid crystal display device, when no electric field is added between the upper and lower glass substrates, the incident light passes through the lower polarizer, that is, the polarizing layer. 1 Follow the liquid crystal to make a 90-degree twist and emit from the upper polarizer, that is, the polarizing layer 2, so that the display device is displayed in a bright state; when an electric field is added between the upper and lower glass substrates, the liquid crystal molecules will be rearranged so that the incident light is no longer twisted but maintained. The light is emitted in the original direction, and the emitted light will be blocked by the upper polarizer, that is, the polarizing layer 2 and cannot be transmitted, so that the display device is displayed in a dark state. That is to say, the existing display device needs to use the upper and lower polarizers to realize the modulation of the display brightness, which leads to the complicated structure and low integration of the existing display device.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种像素结构、显示器件、显示装置和投影显 示系统，以简化器件结构、提高器件的集成度。In view of this, the present invention provides a pixel structure, a display device, a display device and a projection display system, so as to simplify the device structure and improve the integration degree of the device.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种像素结构，包括第一基板、第二基板以及位于所述第一基板和所述 第二基板之间的透光层；A pixel structure, comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light-transmitting layer between the first substrate and the second substrate;
所述第一基板朝向所述第二基板的一侧具有第一反射膜，所述第二基板 朝向所述第一基板的一侧具有第二反射膜，以使所述第一基板和所述第二基 板构成法布里-珀罗腔，并利用所述法布里-珀罗腔的反射光或透射光进行显 示；The side of the first substrate facing the second substrate has a first reflective film, and the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate has a second reflective film, so that the first substrate and the The second substrate forms a Fabry-Perot cavity, and uses the reflected light or transmitted light of the Fabry-Perot cavity for display;
所述第一基板朝向所述第二基板的一侧具有第一电极，所述第二基板朝 向所述第一基板的一侧具有第二电极，以通过调整所述第一电极和所述第二 电极之间的电场大小调整所述透光层的折射率，通过调整所述透光层的折射 率调整所述法布里-珀罗腔的反射光或透射光的干涉光强，来调整所述像素结 构的显示亮度。The side of the first substrate facing the second substrate has a first electrode, and the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate has a second electrode, so as to adjust the first electrode and the first substrate by adjusting the The magnitude of the electric field between the two electrodes adjusts the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer, and by adjusting the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer, the interference light intensity of the reflected light or the transmitted light of the Fabry-Perot cavity is adjusted. Display brightness of the pixel structure.
可选地，所述透光层包括液晶层，并且，所述第一基板朝向所述液晶层 的一侧表面具有第一配向膜，所述第二基板朝向所述液晶层的一侧表面具有 第二配向膜，所述第一配向膜和所述第二配向膜的摩擦方向相同。Optionally, the light-transmitting layer includes a liquid crystal layer, and a surface of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer has a first alignment film, and a surface of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer has a first alignment film. For the second alignment film, the rubbing directions of the first alignment film and the second alignment film are the same.
可选地，所述反射膜的材料为MgF2、SiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2或ZnS 等材料中的一种或多种。Optionally, the material of the reflective film is one or more of materials such as MgF2 , SiO2 , Al2 O3 , ZrO2 , TiO2 or ZnS.
一种显示器件，包括多个像素结构，所述像素结构为如上任一项所述的 像素结构。A display device includes a plurality of pixel structures, wherein the pixel structures are the pixel structures described in any one of the above.
可选地，任意两个所述像素结构的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度相同。Optionally, the thicknesses of the Fabry-Perot cavities of any two of the pixel structures are the same.
可选地，所述显示器件包括多个像素单元，每个所述像素单元包括至少 两个像素结构，同一个所述像素单元中的像素结构的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度各 不相同。Optionally, the display device includes a plurality of pixel units, each of the pixel units includes at least two pixel structures, and the thicknesses of the Fabry-Perot cavities of the pixel structures in the same pixel unit are different from each other. .
一种投影显示系统，包括窄带光源以及位于所述窄带光源出射光路上的 显示器件，所述显示器件为如上所述的显示器件。A projection display system includes a narrow-band light source and a display device located on the exit light path of the narrow-band light source, and the display device is the above-mentioned display device.
可选地，所述窄带光源包括第一窄带光源、第二窄带光源和第三窄带光 源，所述显示器件包括第一显示器件、第二显示器件和第三显示器件，所述 投影显示系统还包括第一半透半反镜、第二半透半反镜、第三半透半反镜和 合光组件；Optionally, the narrow-band light source includes a first narrow-band light source, a second narrow-band light source, and a third narrow-band light source, the display device includes a first display device, a second display device, and a third display device, and the projection display system further Including a first half mirror, a second half mirror, a third half mirror and a light combining component;
所述第一半透半反镜用于将所述第一窄带光源发出的第一光线反射至所 述第一显示器件；所述第一显示器件对所述第一窄带光源发出的第一光线进 行反射，并将特定光强的第一光线出射至所述第一半透半反镜；所述第一半 透半反镜还用于将所述第一显示器件出射的第一光线透射至所述合光组件；The first half mirror is used to reflect the first light emitted by the first narrow-band light source to the first display device; the first display device reflects the first light emitted by the first narrow-band light source reflect, and emit the first light with a specific light intensity to the first half mirror; the first half mirror is also used to transmit the first light emitted from the first display device to the first half mirror. the light combining component;
所述第二半透半反镜用于将所述第二窄带光源发出的第二光线反射至所 述第二显示器件；所述第二显示器件对所述第二窄带光源发出的第二光线进 行反射，并将特定光强的第二光线出射至所述第二半透半反镜；所述第二半 透半反镜还用于将所述第二显示器件出射的第二光线透射至所述合光组件；The second half mirror is used for reflecting the second light emitted by the second narrow-band light source to the second display device; the second display device reflects the second light emitted by the second narrow-band light source perform reflection, and emit the second light with a specific light intensity to the second half mirror; the second half mirror is also used to transmit the second light emitted from the second display device to the second half mirror. the light combining component;
所述第三半透半反镜用于将所述第三窄带光源发出的第三光线反射至所 述第三显示器件；所述第三显示器件对所述第三窄带光源发出的第三光线进 行反射，并将特定光强的第三光线出射至所述第三半透半反镜；所述第三半 透半反镜还用于将所述第三显示器件出射的第三光线透射至所述合光组件；The third half mirror is used for reflecting the third light emitted by the third narrow-band light source to the third display device; the third display device reflects the third light emitted by the third narrow-band light source perform reflection, and emit the third light with a specific light intensity to the third half mirror; the third half mirror is also used to transmit the third light emitted from the third display device to the third half mirror. the light combining component;
所述合光组件用于将所述第一光线、所述第二光线和所述第三光线合成 一束光，以利用所述合成的一束光进行投影。The light combining component is used for combining the first light, the second light and the third light into one light, so as to use the combined light for projection.
可选地，所述窄带光源包括第一窄带光源、第二窄带光源和第三窄带光 源，所述显示器件包括第一显示器件、第二显示器件和第三显示器件，所述 投影显示系统还包括合光组件；Optionally, the narrow-band light source includes a first narrow-band light source, a second narrow-band light source, and a third narrow-band light source, the display device includes a first display device, a second display device, and a third display device, and the projection display system further Including light-combining components;
所述第一窄带光源用于发射第一光线；the first narrow-band light source is used for emitting first light;
所述第二窄带光源用于发射第二光线；the second narrow-band light source is used for emitting second light;
所述第三窄带光源用于发射第三光线；the third narrow-band light source is used for emitting third light;
所述第一显示器件将特定光强的第一光线透射至所述合光组件；The first display device transmits first light with a specific light intensity to the light combining component;
所述第二显示器件将特定光强的第二光线透射至所述合光组件；the second display device transmits second light with a specific light intensity to the light combining component;
所述第三显示器件将特定光强的第三光线透射至所述合光组件；The third display device transmits a third light with a specific light intensity to the light combining component;
所述合光组件用于将所述第一光线、所述第二光线和所述第三光线合成 一束光，以利用所述合成的一束光进行投影。The light combining component is used for combining the first light, the second light and the third light into one light, so as to use the combined light for projection.
可选地，所述第一窄带光源为发射波长为632.8nm红光的激光光源，所 述第一显示器件中的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度为3062nm，所述第一显示器件中的 反射膜的反射率为48％，所述第一显示器件中液晶层的折射率的变化范围为 1.498～1.550；Optionally, the first narrow-band light source is a laser light source with a red light emission wavelength of 632.8 nm, the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the first display device is 3062 nm, and the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the first display device is 3062 nm. The reflectivity of the reflective film is 48%, and the variation range of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer in the first display device is 1.498-1.550;
所述第二窄带光源为发射波长为530nm绿光的激光光源，所述第二显示 器件中的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度为2564nm，所述第二显示器件中的反射膜的反 射率为42％，所述第二显示器件中液晶层的折射率的变化范围为1.498～1.550；The second narrow-band light source is a laser light source with a green light emission wavelength of 530 nm, the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the second display device is 2564 nm, and the reflectivity of the reflective film in the second display device is 2564 nm. is 42%, and the variation range of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer in the second display device is 1.498-1.550;
所述第三窄带光源为发射波长为450nm蓝光的激光光源，所述第三显示 器件中的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度为2177nm，所述第三显示器件中的反射膜的反 射率为37％，所述第三显示器件中液晶层的折射率的变化范围为1.498～1.550。The third narrow-band light source is a laser light source emitting blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm, the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the third display device is 2177 nm, and the reflectance of the reflective film in the third display device is 2177 nm. 37%, and the variation range of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer in the third display device is 1.498-1.550.
一种显示装置，包括窄带光源以及位于所述窄带光源出射光路上的显示 器件，所述显示器件为如上所述的显示器件。A display device includes a narrow-band light source and a display device located on the exit light path of the narrow-band light source, and the display device is the above-mentioned display device.
可选地，所述窄带光源包括第一窄带光源、第二窄带光源和第三窄带光 源；所述像素单元包括第一像素结构、第二像素结构和第三像素结构；Optionally, the narrowband light source includes a first narrowband light source, a second narrowband light source and a third narrowband light source; the pixel unit includes a first pixel structure, a second pixel structure and a third pixel structure;
所述第一像素结构用于透射所述第一窄带光源发出的光线进行显示，所 述第二像素结构用于透射所述第二窄带光源发出的光线进行显示，所述第三 像素结构用于透射所述第三窄带光源发出的光线进行显示。The first pixel structure is used for transmitting the light emitted by the first narrow-band light source for display, the second pixel structure is used for transmitting the light emitted by the second narrow-band light source for display, and the third pixel structure is used for displaying Display is performed by transmitting the light emitted by the third narrow-band light source.
可选地，所述第一窄带光源为发射波长为632.8nm红光的激光光源，所 述第一像素结构的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度为3062nm，所述第一像素结构中的反 射膜的反射率为48％，所述第一像素结构中液晶层的折射率的变化范围为 1.498～1.550；Optionally, the first narrow-band light source is a laser light source with a red light emission wavelength of 632.8 nm, the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity of the first pixel structure is 3062 nm, and the reflection in the first pixel structure is 3062 nm. The reflectivity of the film is 48%, and the variation range of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer in the first pixel structure is 1.498-1.550;
所述第二窄带光源为发射波长为530nm绿光的激光光源，所述第二像素 结构中的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度为2564nm，所述第二像素结构中的反射膜的反 射率为42％，所述第二像素结构中液晶层的折射率的变化范围为1.498～1.550；The second narrow-band light source is a laser light source that emits green light with a wavelength of 530 nm, the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the second pixel structure is 2564 nm, and the reflectivity of the reflective film in the second pixel structure is 2564 nm. is 42%, and the variation range of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer in the second pixel structure is 1.498-1.550;
所述第三窄带光源为发射波长为450nm蓝光的激光光源，所述第三像素 结构中的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度为2177nm，所述第三像素结构中的反射膜的反 射率为37％，所述第三像素结构中液晶层的折射率的变化范围为1.498～1.550。The third narrow-band light source is a laser light source that emits blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm, the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the third pixel structure is 2177 nm, and the reflectance of the reflective film in the third pixel structure is 2177 nm. 37%, and the variation range of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer in the third pixel structure is 1.498-1.550.
与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的技术方案具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明所提供的像素结构、显示器件、显示装置和投影显示系统，通过 具有第一反射膜的第一基板和具有第二反射膜的第二基板构成的法布里-珀罗 腔的反射光或透射光进行显示，通过调整第一电极和第二电极之间的电场大 小，可以调整透光层的折射率，从而可以调整法布里-珀罗腔的反射光或透射 光的干涉光强，进而不需要偏光片即可调整像素结构的显示亮度，一定程度 上提高了器件的集成度、降低了器件的厚度、简化了器件的结构。In the pixel structure, display device, display device and projection display system provided by the present invention, the reflected light of a Fabry-Perot cavity formed by a first substrate with a first reflective film and a second substrate with a second reflective film is used Or transmitted light for display, by adjusting the magnitude of the electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode, the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer can be adjusted, so that the interference light intensity of the reflected light or transmitted light of the Fabry-Perot cavity can be adjusted. Therefore, the display brightness of the pixel structure can be adjusted without a polarizer, the integration degree of the device is improved to a certain extent, the thickness of the device is reduced, and the structure of the device is simplified.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实 施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面 描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不 付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative work.
图1为现有的液晶显示器件的显示原理示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of a display principle of an existing liquid crystal display device;
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种像素结构的结构示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pixel structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3a和图3b为本发明实施例提供的像素结构的显示原理示意图；3a and 3b are schematic diagrams of display principles of pixel structures provided by embodiments of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的法布里-珀罗腔的反射光和透射光示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of reflected light and transmitted light of a Fabry-Perot cavity provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的像素结构的反射和透射特性随相位差的变化 曲线图；5 is a graph showing the variation of the reflection and transmission characteristics of the pixel structure with the phase difference according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的像素结构的反射和透射特性随液晶折射率的 变化曲线图；6 is a graph showing the variation of the reflection and transmission characteristics of the pixel structure with the refractive index of the liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种显示器件的俯视结构示意图；FIG. 7 is a schematic top-view structure diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种显示器件的剖面结构示意图；FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明实施例提供的另一种显示器件的剖面结构示意图；9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图10为本发明实施例提供的一种反射式投影显示系统的结构示意图；10 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective projection display system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图11为本发明实施例提供的一种透射式投影显示系统的结构示意图；11 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmissive projection display system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图12为本发明实施例提供的波长为632.8nm红光的透射强度调制曲线图；FIG. 12 is a transmission intensity modulation curve diagram of red light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图13为本发明实施例提供的波长为632.8nm红光的反射强度调制曲线图；FIG. 13 is a reflection intensity modulation curve diagram of red light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图14为本发明实施例提供的波长为530nm的绿光的透射强度调制曲线图；FIG. 14 is a transmission intensity modulation curve diagram of green light with a wavelength of 530 nm provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图15为本发明实施例提供的波长为530nm的绿光的反射强度调制曲线图；15 is a graph showing the reflection intensity modulation of green light with a wavelength of 530 nm provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图16为本发明实施例提供的波长为450nm红光的透射强度调制曲线图；FIG. 16 is a transmission intensity modulation curve diagram of red light with a wavelength of 450 nm provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图17为本发明实施例提供的波长为450nm红光的反射强度调制曲线图；FIG. 17 is a reflection intensity modulation curve diagram of red light with a wavelength of 450 nm provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图18为本发明实施例提供的另一种反射式投影显示系统的结构示意图。FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another reflective projection display system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以上是本发明的核心思想，为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更 加明显易懂，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术 方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实 施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员 在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护 的范围。The above is the core idea of the present invention. In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Description, it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明实施例提供了一种像素结构，如图2所示，该像素结构包括第一 基板20、第二基板21以及位于所述第一基板20和所述第二基板21之间的透 光层22。An embodiment of the present invention provides a pixel structure. As shown in FIG. 2 , the pixel structure includes a first substrate 20 , a second substrate 21 , and a light-transmitting light-transmitting light between the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 21 . Layer 22.
其中，第一基板20朝向第二基板21的一侧具有第一反射膜23，第二基 板21朝向第一基板21的一侧具有第二反射膜24，以使第一基板20和第二基 板20构成法布里-珀罗腔(Fabry–Pérot，简称FP腔)，并利用法布里-珀罗腔 的反射光或透射光进行显示；Wherein, the side of the first substrate 20 facing the second substrate 21 has a first reflective film 23, and the side of the second substrate 21 facing the first substrate 21 has a second reflective film 24, so that the first substrate 20 and the second substrate have a 20 constitute a Fabry-Pérot cavity (FP cavity for short), and use the reflected light or transmitted light of the Fabry-Pérot cavity for display;
第一基板20朝向第二基板21的一侧具有第一电极，第二基板21朝向第 一基板21的一侧具有第二电极，以通过调整第一电极和第二电极之间的电场 大小调整透光层22的折射率，通过调整透光层22的折射率调整法布里-珀罗 腔的反射光或透射光的干涉光强，来调整像素结构的显示亮度。The side of the first substrate 20 facing the second substrate 21 has a first electrode, and the side of the second substrate 21 facing the first substrate 21 has a second electrode, so as to adjust the magnitude of the electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode The refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 22 is adjusted by adjusting the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 22 to adjust the interference light intensity of the reflected light or the transmitted light of the Fabry-Perot cavity, so as to adjust the display brightness of the pixel structure.
本发明实施例中，通过调整透光层22的折射率调整法布里-珀罗腔的反射 光或透射光的干涉光强，通过调整法布里-珀罗腔的反射光或透射光的干涉光 强调整像素结构的显示亮度，从而不需要采用偏光片来实现显示亮度的调整， 相比于现有的直观式液晶显示器件和硅基液晶显示器件，提高了光能利用率 和显示亮度。In the embodiment of the present invention, the interference light intensity of the reflected light or the transmitted light of the Fabry-Perot cavity is adjusted by adjusting the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 22, and the intensity of the reflected light or the transmitted light of the Fabry-Perot cavity is adjusted. The interference light intensity adjusts the display brightness of the pixel structure, so that no polarizer is required to adjust the display brightness. Compared with the existing intuitive liquid crystal display devices and silicon-based liquid crystal display devices, the utilization rate of light energy and the display brightness are improved. .
可选地，如图2所示，透光层22包括液晶层，并且，第一基板20朝向液晶 层的一侧表面具有第一配向膜25，第二基板21朝向液晶层的一侧表面具有第 二配向膜26。进一步可选地，液晶层中的液晶包括向列相液晶、蓝相液晶和 铁电液晶等。当然，本发明实施例中仅以透光层22为液晶层为例进行说明， 并不仅限于此，可选地，本发明中的透光层22的材料还可以是其他相位调制 电光材料等，且电光材料可以通过调制发生折射率的变化。Optionally, as shown in FIG. 2 , the light-transmitting layer 22 includes a liquid crystal layer, and the surface of the first substrate 20 facing the liquid crystal layer has a first alignment film 25 , and the surface of the second substrate 21 facing the liquid crystal layer has a first alignment film 25 . The second alignment film 26 . Further optionally, the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer include nematic liquid crystals, blue phase liquid crystals, ferroelectric liquid crystals, and the like. Of course, in the embodiment of the present invention, only the light-transmitting layer 22 is a liquid crystal layer as an example for description, and it is not limited to this. And the electro-optic material can change the refractive index through modulation.
可选地，第一基板20和第二基板21为透明基板，进一步可选为透明玻 璃基板或透明塑料基板。可选地，第一电极和第二电极的材料为ITO(Indium Tin Oxide，氧化铟锡)、FTO(Fluorine Tin Oxide，掺氟氧化铟)或石墨烯 (Graphene)等，第一配向膜25和第二配向膜26的材料为PI(Polyimide， 聚合物聚酰亚胺)或其他遇光激发可聚合的聚合单体。需要说明的是，本发 明实施例中的像素结构中的第一电极为覆盖第一基板20表面的电极层，第二 电极为覆盖第二基板21表面的电极层。Optionally, the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 21 are transparent substrates, and further optional are transparent glass substrates or transparent plastic substrates. Optionally, the materials of the first electrode and the second electrode are ITO (Indium Tin Oxide, indium tin oxide), FTO (Fluorine Tin Oxide, fluorine-doped indium oxide) or graphene (Graphene), etc., the first alignment film 25 and The material of the second alignment film 26 is PI (Polyimide, polymer polyimide) or other polymerizable monomers that can be polymerized upon excitation by light. It should be noted that the first electrode in the pixel structure in the embodiment of the present invention is an electrode layer covering the surface of the first substrate 20, and the second electrode is an electrode layer covering the surface of the second substrate 21.
可选地，反射膜即第一反射膜23和第二反射膜24为MgF2、SiO2、Al2O3、 ZrO2、TiO2或ZnS中的一种或多种形成的透明介质膜、金属反射膜或介质金 属堆叠形成的反射膜，也就是说，第一反射膜23或第二反射膜24可以为SiO2、 Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2或ZnS中的多种构成的叠层结构。Optionally, the reflective films, that is, the first reflective film 23 and the second reflective film 24 are transparent dielectric films formed by one or more of MgF2 , SiO2 , Al2 O3 , ZrO2 , TiO2 or ZnS, A metal reflective film or a reflective film formed by a dielectric metal stack, that is to say, the first reflective film 23 or the second reflective film 24 can be composed of SiO2 , Al2 O3 , ZrO2 , TiO2 or ZnS Laminated structure.
需要说明的是，本发明中第一反射膜23和第二反射膜24的材料可以相 同，也可以不同。同样，第一反射膜23和第二反射膜24的反射率可以相同， 也可以不同。但是，第一反射膜23和第二反射膜24的反射率都在20％～60％ 的范围内，包括端点值。可选地，第一反射膜23和第二反射膜23之间的距 离即法布里-珀罗腔的厚度范围为1000nm～5000nm。It should be noted that, in the present invention, the materials of the first reflection film 23 and the second reflection film 24 may be the same or different. Likewise, the reflectances of the first reflective film 23 and the second reflective film 24 may be the same or different. However, the reflectances of the first reflection film 23 and the second reflection film 24 are both within the range of 20% to 60%, inclusive. Optionally, the distance between the first reflective film 23 and the second reflective film 23, that is, the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity ranges from 1000 nm to 5000 nm.
本发明的一个实施例中，以液晶层中的液晶采用具有正介电各向异性的 向列相液晶为例进行说明，第一配向膜25和第二配向膜26的摩擦方向相同， 以将液晶层配置为平行对准向列相液晶。In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer is nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy as an example for illustration, and the rubbing directions of the first alignment film 25 and the second alignment film 26 are the same, so that the The liquid crystal layer is configured as a parallel aligned nematic liquid crystal.
当第一电极和第二电极上不加电压时，如图3a所示，FP腔内的液晶指向 矢平行于基板20或21所在平面排列，光0以平行于液晶指向矢的偏振方向 垂直入射时，液晶折射率为非常折射率ne；当第一电极和第二电极上加电压 时，如图3b所示，在电场E的作用下，当液晶偏转达到饱和时，液晶指向矢 几乎垂直于基板20或21所在平面，使用同样方向的入射光0入射时，液晶 折射率变为寻常折射率no。也就是说，本发明实施例中通过改变第一电极和 第二电极上的电压，使得液晶分子发生0°-90°之间的旋转，实现了液晶折 射率从ne到no的连续变化，从而不仅实现了对光的相位延迟。When no voltage is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode, as shown in Fig. 3a, the liquid crystal directors in the FP cavity are arranged parallel to the plane of the substrate 20 or 21, and light 0 is incident vertically with the polarization direction parallel to the liquid crystal directors , the refractive index of the liquid crystal is the extraordinary refractive indexne ; when a voltage is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode, as shown in Figure 3b, under the action of the electric field E, when the liquid crystal deflection reaches saturation, the liquid crystal director is almost vertical On the plane where the substrate 20 or 21 is located, when the incident light0 in the same direction is incident, the refractive index of the liquid crystal becomes the ordinary refractive index no. That is to say, in the embodiment of the present invention, by changing the voltage on the first electrode and the second electrode, the liquid crystal molecules are rotated between 0° and 90° , and the continuous change of the refractive index of the liquid crystal fromne to no is realized. , so that not only the phase delay of the light is realized.
如图4所示，入射光0会在FP腔内进行多次反射和多次折射，入射光0在进 入FP腔时被分割成反射光束1和折射光束，该折射光束在下表面反射的同时， 又分割成透射光束1'和反射光束。如此反复地反射和折射，可得到无穷多个反 射光束1、2、3、4…，以及无穷多个透射光束1'、2'、3'、4'…。其中，n为FP 腔内介质的折射率，如FP腔内液晶的折射率，d为FP腔的厚度，θ为FP腔内光 线与法线的夹角。As shown in Figure 4, the incident light 0 will undergo multiple reflections and multiple refractions in the FP cavity. When entering the FP cavity, the incident light 0 is divided into a reflected beam 1 and a refracted beam. While the refracted beam is reflected on the lower surface, It is divided into a transmitted beam 1' and a reflected beam. Repeatedly reflecting and refracting in this way, an infinite number of reflected light beams 1, 2, 3, 4... and an infinite number of transmitted light beams 1', 2', 3', 4'... can be obtained. Among them, n is the refractive index of the medium in the FP cavity, such as the refractive index of the liquid crystal in the FP cavity, d is the thickness of the FP cavity, and θ is the angle between the light and the normal in the FP cavity.
其中，无论是反射光束还是透射光束，相邻的两束光之间都有固定的相 位差如反射光束1和2之间以及透射光束1'和2'之间具有固定的 相位差满足光相干的条件，因而可以发生干涉。Among them, whether it is a reflected beam or a transmitted beam, there is a fixed phase difference between the two adjacent beams such as a fixed phase difference between reflected beams 1 and 2 and between transmitted beams 1' and 2' The conditions for optical coherence are satisfied, so interference can occur.
令r和t分别为光从FP腔外到FP腔内的振幅反射率和透射率，r'和t'分别为光 从FP腔内到FP腔外的振幅反射率和透射率。由于FP腔两侧介质的折射率相同， 满足斯托克斯倒逆关系，因此，r＝-r'，t2+tt'＝1。Let r and t be the amplitude reflectance and transmittance of light from outside the FP cavity to the inside of the FP cavity, respectively, and r' and t' be the amplitude reflectance and transmittance of the light from inside the FP cavity to the outside of the FP cavity, respectively. Since the refractive indices of the media on both sides of the FP cavity are the same, the Stokes inverse relationship is satisfied, so r=-r', t2 +tt'=1.
假设入射光0的振幅为A，反射光复振幅为透射光复振幅为则可 得到各束反射光与各束透射光的复振幅：Assuming that the amplitude of the incident light 0 is A, the complex amplitude of the reflected light is The transmitted light complex amplitude is Then the complex amplitudes of each reflected light and each transmitted light can be obtained:
............
......，...,
其中，反射光1的复振幅后的负号来源于半波损。Among them, the complex amplitude of the reflected light 1 The negative sign at the end comes from the half-wave loss.
反射光的总复振幅为反射光的总光强IR为Total complex amplitude of reflected light for The total light intensity IR of thereflected light is
透射光的总复振幅为透射光的总光强IT为Total complex amplitude of transmitted light for The total light intensity IT of the transmitted light is
其中，j＝1、2、3、4…。Among them, j=1, 2, 3, 4 . . .
当不考虑吸收时，光功率守恒导致总光强I0守恒，则有IR+IT＝I0。由于反 射光1存在半波损，考虑优先计算总透射光强IT，再通过IR＝I0-IT得到总反射光 强IR。When the absorption is not considered, the conservation of optical power leads to the conservation of the total light intensity I0 , then there is IR+IT =I0 . Since the reflected light 1 has a half-wave loss, the total transmitted light intensity IT is considered first, and then the total reflected light intensity IR is obtained through IR =I0-IT .
由以上分析可得，透射光的总复振幅该级数 之和为则透射光的总光强IT为：From the above analysis, the total complex amplitude of the transmitted light can be obtained The sum of the series is Then the total light intensity IT of the transmitted light is:
其中，R＝r2为FP腔上下两表面的光强反射率，即为第一反射层23和第二 反射层24的光强反射率，I0＝A2为入射光的总光强。Wherein, R=r2 is the light intensity reflectivity of the upper and lower surfaces of the FP cavity, that is, the light intensity reflectivity of the first reflection layer 23 and the second reflection layer 24, and I0 =A2 is the total light intensity of incident light.
反射光的总光强IR为：The total light intensityIR of the reflected light is:
如图5所示，图5为像素结构的FP腔的反射和透射特性随相位差的变化曲 线。所用参数设置为：反射膜的反射率R＝48％，入射光的波长λ＝632.8nm，FP 腔的厚度d＝3062nm，FP腔内光线与法线的夹角θ＝0°。其中，实线为反射特性 曲线，虚线为透射特性曲线。需要说明的是，本发明实施例提供的像素结构 既可以利用FP腔的反射光显示图像，也可以利用FP腔的透射光显示图像。As shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is a curve of the reflection and transmission characteristics of the FP cavity of the pixel structure as a function of the phase difference. The parameters used are set as follows: the reflectivity of the reflective film is R=48%, the wavelength of the incident light is λ=632.8nm, the thickness of the FP cavity is d=3062nm, and the angle between the light in the FP cavity and the normal is θ=0°. The solid line is the reflection characteristic curve, and the dashed line is the transmission characteristic curve. It should be noted that, the pixel structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention can display an image by using the reflected light of the FP cavity, and can also display the image by using the transmitted light of the FP cavity.
当一束光强为I0的入射光垂直入射到像素结构表面时，若选取由上表面反 射出的反射光1、2、3、4…来显示图像，其光强反射率IR/I0可表示为：When a beam of incident light with a light intensity of I0 is vertically incident on the surface of the pixel structure, if the reflected light 1, 2, 3, 4... reflected from the upper surface is selected to display the image, the light intensity reflectance IR /I0 can be represented as:
其中，为FP腔的精细度，δ为在第一反射膜23处出射的相邻两 束反射光的相位差；R为第一反射膜23和第二反射膜24的反射率；λ为窄带光 源出射的入射光的波长；nLC为向列相液晶的折射率；d为第一反射膜23和第二 反射膜24之间的距离，也为FP腔的厚度；θ为FP腔内光线与法线的夹角即入射 光在FP腔内多次反射的倾角，此处，θ＝0°。in, is the fineness of the FP cavity, δ is the phase difference between the two adjacent beams of reflected light emitted from the first reflective film 23; R is the reflectivity of the first reflective film 23 and the second reflective film 24; λ is the output of the narrow-band light source The wavelength of the incident light; nLC is the refractive index of the nematic liquid crystal; d is the distance between the first reflective film 23 and the second reflective film 24, and is also the thickness of the FP cavity; The included angle of the lines is the inclination angle of the multiple reflections of the incident light in the FP cavity, where θ=0°.
从图5中的实线可以看出，当相位差δ为π的奇数倍时，光强反射率IR/I0达 到最大值，选此处作为显示图像的亮态；当相位差δ为π的偶数倍时，光强反 射率IR/I0达到最小值，选此处作为显示图像的暗态。如在某一电压下，由液晶 折射率引起的反射光相位差正好处于δ/π＝30的位置，则显示图像为全暗。通过 改变外加电压，使得液晶的折射率发生改变，相位差δ发生变化，光强反射率 IR/I0开始增大，当由液晶折射率引起的相位差变化π时，到达δ/π＝29的位置， 此时光强反射率IR/I0最大，显示图像最亮。而在29<δ/π<30之间，可作为中间 亮度显示。It can be seen from the solid line in Figure 5 that when the phase difference δ is an odd multiple of π, the light intensity reflectance IR/ I0 reaches the maximum value, and this is selected as the bright state of the displayed image; when the phase difference δ is When it is an even multiple of π, the light intensity reflectance IR /I0 reaches the minimum value, which is selected as the dark state of the displayed image. For example, under a certain voltage, the reflected light phase difference caused by the refractive index of the liquid crystal is exactly at the position of δ/π=30, and the displayed image is completely dark. By changing the applied voltage, the refractive index of the liquid crystal changes, the phase difference δ changes, and the light intensity reflectance IR/ I0 begins to increase. When the phase difference caused by the refractive index of the liquid crystal changes by π, it reaches δ/π= At the position of 29, the light intensity reflectivity IR/ I0 is the largest at this time, and the displayed image is the brightest. And between 29<δ/π<30, it can be displayed as intermediate brightness.
采用同样的入射光垂直入射像素结构表面，同样可以选取下表面透射出 的透射光1'、2'、3'、4'…来显示图像，其光强透射率IT/I0可表示为：Using the same incident light perpendicular to the surface of the pixel structure, the transmitted light 1', 2', 3', 4'... transmitted from the lower surface can also be selected to display the image, and the light intensity transmittance IT /I0 can be expressed as :
同样，为FP腔的精细度，δ为在第二反射膜24处出射的相邻两 束透射光的相位差；R为第一反射膜23和第二反射膜24的反射率；λ为窄带光 源出射的入射光的波长；nLC为向列相液晶的折射率；d为第一反射膜23和第二 反射膜24之间的距离，也为FP腔的厚度；θ为FP腔内光线与法线的夹角即入射 光在FP腔内多次反射的倾角，此处，θ＝0°。same, is the fineness of the FP cavity, δ is the phase difference between the two adjacent beams of transmitted light emitted at the second reflective film 24; R is the reflectivity of the first reflective film 23 and the second reflective film 24; λ is the output of the narrow-band light source The wavelength of the incident light; nLC is the refractive index of the nematic liquid crystal; d is the distance between the first reflective film 23 and the second reflective film 24, and is also the thickness of the FP cavity; The included angle of the lines is the inclination angle of the multiple reflections of the incident light in the FP cavity, where θ=0°.
如图5中虚线所示，当相位差δ为π的偶数倍时，光强透射率IT/I0达到最大 值，选此处作为显示图像的亮态；当相位差δ为π的奇数倍时，光强透射率 IT/I0达到最小值，选此处作为显示图像的暗态；假设在某一电压下，由液晶折 射率引起的透射光相位差正好处于δ/π＝30的位置，则显示图像为全亮。通过 改变外加电压，由液晶折射率改变引起相位差δ发生变化，光强透射率IT/I0开始减小，当液晶折射率引起的相位差变化π时，到达δ/π＝29的位置，此刻 光强透射率IT/I0最小，显示图像最暗。而在29<δ/π<30之间，则可以作为中 间亮度显示。As shown by the dotted line in Figure 5, when the phase difference δ is an even multiple of π, the light intensity transmittance IT /I0 reaches the maximum value, which is selected as the bright state of the displayed image; when the phase difference δ is an odd number of π When the light intensity transmittance IT /I0 reaches the minimum value, it is selected as the dark state of the displayed image; it is assumed that under a certain voltage, the transmitted light phase difference caused by the refractive index of the liquid crystal is exactly at δ/π=30 position, the displayed image is fully bright. By changing the applied voltage, the phase difference δ is changed due to the change of the refractive index of the liquid crystal, and the light transmittance IT /I0 begins to decrease. When the phase difference caused by the refractive index of the liquid crystal changes by π, it reaches the position of δ/π=29 , the light intensity transmittance IT /I0 is the smallest at this moment, and the displayed image is the darkest. And between 29<δ/π<30, it can be displayed as intermediate brightness.
如图6所示，图6为像素结构的反射透射特性随液晶折射率变化的曲线。 所用参数设置为：R＝48％，λ＝632.8nm，d＝3062nm，θ＝0°。其中，实线表示 反射特性曲线，虚线表示透射特性曲线。从图6中也可以看出，随着液晶折射 率的改变，透射光的光强或反射光的光强也会发生变化。As shown in FIG. 6 , FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change of the reflection and transmission characteristics of the pixel structure with the refractive index of the liquid crystal. The parameter settings used were: R=48%, λ=632.8 nm, d=3062 nm, θ=0°. The solid line represents the reflection characteristic curve, and the dashed line represents the transmission characteristic curve. It can also be seen from Fig. 6 that with the change of the refractive index of the liquid crystal, the intensity of the transmitted light or the intensity of the reflected light also changes.
也就是说，本发明实施例中，通过在第一电极和第二电极上施加电压， 可以使得液晶的折射率在ne～no之间变化，当FP腔的反射光或透射光的相位差 在(29π，30π)之间变化时，便使得像素结构的显示亮度在最亮和最暗之间变 化，从而在不需要偏光片的情况下，实现了像素结构显示亮度的调整。That is to say, in the embodiment of the present invention, by applying a voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode, the refractive index of the liquid crystal can be changed between ne ˜no , when the phase of the reflected light or the transmitted light of the FP cavity changes When the difference changes between (29π, 30π), the display brightness of the pixel structure changes between the brightest and the darkest, thus realizing the adjustment of the display brightness of the pixel structure without the need for a polarizer.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中的像素结构仅对单色光进行调制，例如， 仅对红光、蓝光或绿光进行调制。当然，对不同颜色的单色光进行调制时， 需对像素结构的参数进行调整，在此不再赘述。It should be noted that, the pixel structure in the embodiment of the present invention only modulates monochromatic light, for example, only modulates red light, blue light or green light. Of course, when modulating the monochromatic light of different colors, the parameters of the pixel structure need to be adjusted, which will not be repeated here.
本发明实施例还提供了一种显示器件，如图7所示，该显示器件包括多个 像素结构70，该像素结构70为上述任一实施例提供的像素结构。需要说明的 是，本发明实施例提供的显示器件还包括向像素结构中的第一电极和第二电 极提供电压的驱动电路等，在此不再赘述。An embodiment of the present invention further provides a display device. As shown in FIG. 7 , the display device includes a plurality of pixel structures 70, and the pixel structures 70 are the pixel structures provided in any of the above-mentioned embodiments. It should be noted that the display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a driving circuit for supplying voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode in the pixel structure, and the like, which is not repeated here.
可选地，如图8所示，显示器件中任意两个像素结构70的法布里-珀罗腔的 厚度d相同，以使所有的像素结构70的FP腔构成一个大的FP腔。需要说明的是， 该显示器件为单色显示器件，如该显示器件为红光显示器件、绿光显示器件、 蓝光显示器件或其他颜色显示器件。Optionally, as shown in FIG. 8 , the thickness d of the Fabry-Perot cavities of any two pixel structures 70 in the display device is the same, so that the FP cavities of all the pixel structures 70 form a large FP cavity. It should be noted that the display device is a monochromatic display device, for example, the display device is a red light display device, a green light display device, a blue light display device or other color display devices.
可选地，显示器件包括多个像素单元，每个像素单元包括至少三个像素 结构，同一个像素单元中的像素结构的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度各不相同。需要 说明的是，本发明实施例中可以通过使第一基板20和第二基板21之间的距离 不同，使得法布里-珀罗腔的厚度不同。Optionally, the display device includes a plurality of pixel units, each pixel unit includes at least three pixel structures, and the thicknesses of the Fabry-Perot cavities of the pixel structures in the same pixel unit are different from each other. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 21 may be different, so that the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity may be different.
如图9所示，每个像素单元9包括第一像素结构90、第二像素结构91和第 三像素结构92，第一像素结构90、第二像素结构91和第三像素结构92的FP腔 的厚度各不相同，以使第一像素结构90、第二像素结构91和第三像素结构92 透射不同颜色的单色光。如第一像素结构90透射蓝光、第二像素结构91透射 绿光、第三像素结构92透射红光，基于此，每个像素单元中的红光、蓝光和 绿光混合后，可以显示彩色图像。也就是说，图9所示的显示器件为可显示彩 色图像的显示器件。As shown in FIG. 9 , each pixel unit 9 includes a first pixel structure 90 , a second pixel structure 91 and a third pixel structure 92 , and the FP cavity of the first pixel structure 90 , the second pixel structure 91 and the third pixel structure 92 The thicknesses of the first pixel structures 90 , the second pixel structures 91 and the third pixel structures 92 are different from each other, so that the first pixel structure 90 , the second pixel structure 91 and the third pixel structure 92 transmit monochromatic light of different colors. For example, the first pixel structure 90 transmits blue light, the second pixel structure 91 transmits green light, and the third pixel structure 92 transmits red light. Based on this, after the red light, blue light and green light in each pixel unit are mixed, a color image can be displayed . That is, the display device shown in Fig. 9 is a display device that can display color images.
需要说明的是，在图8所示的结构中，第一电极和第二电极都可以是覆盖 整个基板的整层电极，而在图8和图9所示的结构中，也可以是第一电极是覆 盖第一基板20的整层电极，第二电极为位于每个像素结构内的单块电极，不 同像素结构的第二电极相互独立，也就是说，第一电极相当于现有液晶显示 装置中的公共电极，第二电极相当于现有液晶显示装置中的像素电极。基于 此，可以通过第一电极和第二电极之间的电场单独控制每个像素结构内液晶 的折射率，从而控制每个像素结构的灰度，进而控制整个显示器件的显示图像为需要显示的图像。It should be noted that, in the structure shown in FIG. 8 , both the first electrode and the second electrode may be whole-layer electrodes covering the entire substrate, and in the structures shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 , the first electrode and the second electrode may be the first electrode. The electrode is an entire layer of electrodes covering the first substrate 20, the second electrode is a single-piece electrode located in each pixel structure, and the second electrodes of different pixel structures are independent of each other, that is, the first electrode is equivalent to the existing liquid crystal display The common electrode in the device, the second electrode is equivalent to the pixel electrode in the existing liquid crystal display device. Based on this, the refractive index of the liquid crystal in each pixel structure can be individually controlled by the electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby controlling the grayscale of each pixel structure, and then controlling the display image of the entire display device to be displayed as desired image.
本发明实施例还提供了一种投影显示系统，包括窄带光源以及位于窄带 光源出射光路上的显示器件，该显示器件为图8所示的单色显示器件。可选地， 该投影显示系统可以应用于投影仪或电视等投影显示设备中。其中，投影仪 包括影院、家庭影院以及教学或展厅所用的前投或背投式投影仪。可选地， 该窄带光源为激光光源，当然，本发明并不仅限于此，在其他实施例中窄带 光源也可以为LED光源等。An embodiment of the present invention also provides a projection display system, which includes a narrow-band light source and a display device located on the exit light path of the narrow-band light source, and the display device is the monochrome display device shown in FIG. 8 . Optionally, the projection display system can be applied to projection display devices such as projectors or televisions. Among them, projectors include theaters, home theaters, and front- or rear-projection projectors used in teaching or exhibition halls. Optionally, the narrow-band light source is a laser light source, of course, the present invention is not limited to this, and in other embodiments, the narrow-band light source can also be an LED light source or the like.
本发明实施例中，采用窄带光源照明，由于窄带光源的线宽很小(约 1～2nm)，而FP腔的反射率也不高，因此，使得FP腔的半高全宽(约10nm) 相对于光源的线宽已经很宽，利用窄的光源发光光谱对法布里-珀罗腔的宽调 制光谱进行“滤光”，显著提升了显示器件的色域覆盖率。In the embodiment of the present invention, a narrow-band light source is used for illumination. Since the line width of the narrow-band light source is very small (about 1-2 nm), and the reflectivity of the FP cavity is not high, the full width at half maximum (about 10 nm) of the FP cavity is relatively The linewidth of the light source is already very wide, and the narrow light emission spectrum of the light source is used to "filter" the wide modulation spectrum of the Fabry-Perot cavity, which significantly improves the color gamut coverage of the display device.
如图10所示为反射式投影显示系统，窄带光源包括第一窄带光源101、 第二窄带光源102和第三窄带光源103，显示器件包括第一显示器件104、第 二显示器件105和第三显示器件106，投影显示系统还包括第一半透半反镜 107、第二半透半反镜108、第三半透半反镜109和合光组件110。As shown in FIG. 10 is a reflective projection display system, the narrowband light source includes a first narrowband light source 101, a second narrowband light source 102 and a third narrowband light source 103, and the display device includes a first display device 104, a second display device 105 and a third narrowband light source The display device 106 and the projection display system further include a first half mirror 107 , a second half mirror 108 , a third half mirror 109 and a light combining component 110 .
其中，第一半透半反镜107用于将第一窄带光源101发出的第一光线反 射至第一显示器件104；第一显示器件104对第一窄带光源101发出的第一光 线进行反射，并将特定光强的第一光线出射至第一半透半反镜107；第一半透 半反镜107还用于将第一显示器件104出射的第一光线透射至合光组件110；The first half mirror 107 is used for reflecting the first light emitted by the first narrowband light source 101 to the first display device 104; the first display device 104 reflects the first light emitted by the first narrowband light source 101, and emit the first light with a specific light intensity to the first half mirror 107; the first half mirror 107 is also used to transmit the first light emitted from the first display device 104 to the light combining component 110;
第二半透半反镜108用于将第二窄带光源102发出的第二光线反射至第 二显示器件105；第二显示器件105对第二窄带光源102发出的第二光线进行 反射，并将特定光强的第二光线出射至第二半透半反镜108；第二半透半反镜 108还用于将第二显示器件105出射的第二光线透射至合光组件110；The second half mirror 108 is used for reflecting the second light emitted by the second narrow-band light source 102 to the second display device 105; the second display device 105 reflects the second light emitted by the second narrow-band light source 102, and reflects The second light with a specific light intensity is emitted to the second half mirror 108; the second half mirror 108 is also used to transmit the second light emitted from the second display device 105 to the light combining component 110;
第三半透半反镜109用于将第三窄带光源103发出的第三光线反射至第 三显示器件106；第三显示器件106对第三窄带光源103发出的第三光线进行 反射，并将特定光强的第三光线出射至第三半透半反镜109；第三半透半反镜 109还用于将第三显示器件106出射的第三光线透射至合光组件110；The third half mirror 109 is used to reflect the third light emitted by the third narrow-band light source 103 to the third display device 106; the third display device 106 reflects the third light emitted by the third narrow-band light source 103, and reflects The third light with a specific light intensity is emitted to the third half mirror 109; the third half mirror 109 is also used to transmit the third light emitted from the third display device 106 to the light combining component 110;
合光组件110用于将第一光线、第二光线和第三光线合成一束光，以利 用合成的一束光进行投影。The light combining component 110 is used for combining the first light, the second light and the third light into one light, so as to use the combined light for projection.
本发明的另一个实施例中，如图11所示，投影显示系统还可以为透射式 投影显示系统，窄带光源包括第一窄带光源111、第二窄带光源112和第三窄 带光源113，显示器件包括第一显示器件114、第二显示器件115和第三显示 器件116，投影显示系统还包括合光组件117和投影透镜118。In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11, the projection display system may also be a transmissive projection display system, the narrowband light source includes a first narrowband light source 111, a second narrowband light source 112 and a third narrowband light source 113, and the display device Including a first display device 114 , a second display device 115 and a third display device 116 , the projection display system further includes a light combining component 117 and a projection lens 118 .
其中，第一窄带光源111用于发射第一光线；第二窄带光源112用于发 射第二光线；第三窄带光源113用于发射第三光线；第一显示器件114将特 定光强的第一光线透射至合光组件117；第二显示器件115将特定光强的第二 光线透射至合光组件117；第三显示器件116将特定光强的第三光线透射至合 光组件117；合光组件117用于将第一光线、第二光线和第三光线合成一束光， 以利用合成的一束光进行投影。The first narrow-band light source 111 is used for emitting the first light; the second narrow-band light source 112 is used for emitting the second light; the third narrow-band light source 113 is used for emitting the third light; The light is transmitted to the light combining component 117; the second display device 115 transmits the second light of a specific light intensity to the light combining component 117; the third display device 116 transmits the third light of a specific light intensity to the light combining component 117; light combining The component 117 is used to combine the first light, the second light and the third light into one light, so as to use the combined light for projection.
可选地，第一窄带光源为发射波长为632.8nm红光的激光光源，第一显 示器件中的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度d为3062nm，第一显示器件中的反射膜的反 射率R为48％，第一显示器件中液晶层的折射率n的变化范围为1.498～1.550；Optionally, the first narrow-band light source is a laser light source with a red light emission wavelength of 632.8 nm, the thickness d of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the first display device is 3062 nm, and the reflectivity of the reflective film in the first display device is 3062 nm. R is 48%, and the variation range of the refractive index n of the liquid crystal layer in the first display device is 1.498-1.550;
第二窄带光源为发射波长为530nm绿光的激光光源，第二显示器件中的 法布里-珀罗腔的厚度d为2564nm，第二显示器件中的反射膜的反射率R为 42％，第二显示器件中液晶层的折射率n的变化范围为1.498～1.550；The second narrow-band light source is a laser light source with a green light emission wavelength of 530 nm, the thickness d of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the second display device is 2564 nm, and the reflectivity R of the reflective film in the second display device is 42%, The variation range of the refractive index n of the liquid crystal layer in the second display device is 1.498-1.550;
第三窄带光源为发射波长为450nm蓝光的激光光源，第三显示器件中的 法布里-珀罗腔的厚度d为2177nm，第三显示器件中的反射膜的反射率R为 37％，第三显示器件中液晶层的折射率n的变化范围为1.498～1.550。The third narrow-band light source is a laser light source that emits blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm, the thickness d of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the third display device is 2177 nm, and the reflectivity R of the reflective film in the third display device is 37%. The variation range of the refractive index n of the liquid crystal layer in the three display devices is 1.498-1.550.
在本实施例中，液晶在不加电压的状态下折射率为1.550。In this embodiment, the refractive index of the liquid crystal is 1.550 when no voltage is applied.
当第一窄带光源101为发射波长为632.8nm红光的激光光源，第一显示器 件104中的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度d为3062nm，第一显示器件104中的反射膜的 反射率R为48％，选取FP腔的透射光作显示，如图12所示，实线、粗虚线和点 线分别为液晶的折射率n＝1.550、n＝1.540和n＝1.498的情况，细直虚线对应红 光632.8nm波长，可以明显看出，不加电压时，实线与细直虚线交点处光强最 大，显示为亮态，此处便为FP腔的中心波长，此时FP腔的半高全宽约10nm(由 反射率R与厚度d确定)，相对于光源的线宽(约2nm)已经很大，光利用效率接近100％。当加入电压使得n＝1.498时，点线与细直虚线的交点处光强最小， 显示为暗态。所以，调节电压使液晶有效折射率在1.498到1.550之间变化时， 可以实现显示亮度在亮暗的变化。When the first narrow-band light source 101 is a laser light source emitting red light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm, the thickness d of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the first display device 104 is 3062 nm, and the reflectivity of the reflective film in the first display device 104 is 3062 nm. R is 48%, and the transmitted light of the FP cavity is selected for display. As shown in Figure 12, the solid line, the thick dashed line and the dotted line are the cases of the refractive index n=1.550, n=1.540 and n=1.498 of the liquid crystal, respectively. The dotted line corresponds to the wavelength of 632.8 nm of red light. It can be clearly seen that when no voltage is applied, the light intensity at the intersection of the solid line and the thin straight dotted line is the largest, showing a bright state, which is the central wavelength of the FP cavity. The full width at half maximum is about 10 nm (determined by the reflectivity R and the thickness d), which is already very large relative to the line width of the light source (about 2 nm), and the light utilization efficiency is close to 100%. When a voltage is added so that n=1.498, the light intensity at the intersection of the dotted line and the thin straight dashed line is the smallest, and it is displayed as a dark state. Therefore, when the voltage is adjusted to make the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal change between 1.498 and 1.550, the display brightness can be changed between bright and dark.
同样的参数，当用FP腔的反射光作显示时，如图13所示，实线、粗虚线 和点线分别为液晶的折射率n＝1.550、n＝1.540和n＝1.498的情况，细直虚线对 应红光632.8nm波长，可以明显看出，不加电压时，实线与细直虚线交点光强 最小，显示为暗态。当加入电压使得n＝1.498时，点线与细直虚线的交点光强 最大，显示为亮态。而此时对应反射谱线，其半高全宽很宽，远大于光源的 线宽，对于这种窄线宽中心波长为波长632.8nm的红光，最大光能利用率大约 在88％左右。调节电压使液晶有效折射率在1.498到1.550之间变化时，可以实现亮暗的变化。With the same parameters, when the reflected light of the FP cavity is used for display, as shown in Figure 13, the solid line, the thick dashed line and the dotted line are the cases of the refractive index of the liquid crystal n=1.550, n=1.540 and n=1.498, respectively. The straight dotted line corresponds to the wavelength of 632.8 nm of red light. It can be clearly seen that when no voltage is applied, the light intensity at the intersection of the solid line and the thin straight dotted line is the smallest, and it is displayed as a dark state. When a voltage is added so that n=1.498, the light intensity at the intersection of the dotted line and the thin straight dashed line is the largest, and it is displayed as a bright state. At this time, the corresponding reflection spectral line has a wide full width at half maximum, which is much larger than the line width of the light source. For this narrow line width of red light with a central wavelength of 632.8 nm, the maximum light energy utilization rate is about 88%. When the voltage is adjusted to make the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal change between 1.498 and 1.550, the light and dark changes can be achieved.
由以上参数可以得到一个对于红色光调制的单像素结构，当集成多个单 像素结构时就可以得到一个红光调制面板，即得到第一显示器件104。From the above parameters, a single-pixel structure for red light modulation can be obtained. When a plurality of single-pixel structures are integrated, a red light modulation panel can be obtained, that is, the first display device 104 can be obtained.
当第二窄带光源102为发射波长为530nm绿光的激光光源，第二显示器件 105中的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度d为2564nm，第二显示器件105中的反射膜的反 射率R为42％时，选取FP腔的透射光作显示，如图14所示，实线、粗虚线和点 线为n＝1.550、n＝1.540、n＝1.498的情况，细直虚线对应绿光530nm波长，可以 明显看出，不加电压时，实线与细直虚线交点光强最大，显示为亮态，此处 便为上述参数FP腔的中心波长，此时FP腔的半高全宽约10nm，相对于光源的 线宽(约2nm)已经很大，不考虑吸收散射效应，光利用效率接近100％。当 加入电压使得n＝1.498时，点线与细直虚线的交点光强最小，显示为暗态。所 以，调节电压使液晶有效折射率在1.498到1.550之间变化时，可以实现亮暗的 变化。When the second narrow-band light source 102 is a laser light source emitting green light with a wavelength of 530 nm, the thickness d of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the second display device 105 is 2564 nm, and the reflectivity R of the reflective film in the second display device 105 When it is 42%, the transmitted light of the FP cavity is selected for display. As shown in Figure 14, the solid line, thick dashed line and dotted line are the cases of n=1.550, n=1.540, n=1.498, and the thin straight dashed line corresponds to the green light 530nm Wavelength, it can be clearly seen that when no voltage is applied, the light intensity at the intersection of the solid line and the thin straight dashed line is the largest, showing a bright state, here is the central wavelength of the FP cavity with the above parameters, and the full width at half maximum of the FP cavity is about 10nm. Relative to the line width of the light source (about 2 nm), the light utilization efficiency is close to 100% without considering the absorption and scattering effect. When a voltage is added so that n=1.498, the light intensity at the intersection of the dotted line and the thin straight dashed line is the smallest, and it is displayed as a dark state. Therefore, when the voltage is adjusted to change the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal from 1.498 to 1.550, the light and dark changes can be achieved.
如图15所示，用反射光作显示，同理，可以明显看出，不加电压时，实 线与细直虚线交点光强最小，显示为暗态。当加入电压使得n＝1.498时，点线 与细直虚线的交点光强最大，显示为亮态。而此时对应的反射谱线，其半高 全宽很宽，远大于光源的线宽，对于这种窄线宽中心波长为波长530nm的绿光， 最大光能利用率大约在83％左右。所以，调节电压使液晶有效折射率在1.498 到1.550之间变化时，可以实现亮暗的变化。As shown in Figure 15, the reflected light is used as the display. Similarly, it can be clearly seen that when no voltage is applied, the light intensity at the intersection of the solid line and the thin straight dashed line is the smallest, and it is displayed in a dark state. When a voltage is added so that n = 1.498, the light intensity at the intersection of the dotted line and the thin straight dashed line is the largest, showing a bright state. At this time, the corresponding reflection spectral line has a very wide full width at half maximum, which is much larger than the line width of the light source. For the green light with a central wavelength of 530 nm in this narrow line width, the maximum light energy utilization rate is about 83%. Therefore, when the voltage is adjusted to make the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal change between 1.498 and 1.550, the light and dark changes can be realized.
由以上参数可以得到一个对于绿色光调制的单像素结构，当集成多个单 像素结构时就可以得到一个绿光调制面板，即得到第二显示器件105。From the above parameters, a single-pixel structure for green light modulation can be obtained. When a plurality of single-pixel structures are integrated, a green light modulation panel can be obtained, that is, the second display device 105 can be obtained.
当第三窄带光源103为发射波长为450nm蓝光的激光光源，第三显示器件 106中的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度d为2177nm，第三显示器件106中的反射膜的反 射率R为37％时，选取FP腔的透射光作显示，如图16所示，实线、粗虚线和点 线为n＝1.550、n＝1.540、n＝1.498的情况，细直虚线对应蓝光450nm波长，可以 明显看出，不加电压时，实线与细直虚线交点光强最大，显示为亮态，此处 便为上述参数FP腔的中心波长，此时FP腔的半高全宽约10nm，相对于光源的 线宽(约2nm)已经很大，不考虑吸收散射效应，光利用效率接近100％。当 加入电压使得n＝1.498时，点线与细直虚线的交点光强最小，显示为暗态。所 以，调节电压使液晶有效折射率在1.498到1.550之间变化时，可以实现亮暗的 变化。When the third narrow-band light source 103 is a laser light source emitting blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm, the thickness d of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the third display device 106 is 2177 nm, and the reflectivity R of the reflective film in the third display device 106 is At 37%, the transmitted light of the FP cavity is selected for display. As shown in Figure 16, the solid line, the thick dashed line and the dotted line are the cases of n=1.550, n=1.540, and n=1.498, and the thin straight dashed line corresponds to the blue light 450nm wavelength, It can be clearly seen that when no voltage is applied, the light intensity at the intersection of the solid line and the thin straight dashed line is the largest, showing a bright state. Here is the central wavelength of the FP cavity with the above parameters. At this time, the full width at half maximum of the FP cavity is about 10nm, which is relatively The line width of the light source (about 2 nm) is already very large, and the light utilization efficiency is close to 100% without considering the effect of absorption and scattering. When a voltage is added so that n=1.498, the light intensity at the intersection of the dotted line and the thin straight dashed line is the smallest, and it is displayed as a dark state. Therefore, when the voltage is adjusted to change the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal from 1.498 to 1.550, the light and dark changes can be achieved.
如图17所示，用反射光作显示，同理，可以明显看出，不加电压时，实 线与细直虚线交点光强最小，显示为暗态。当加入电压使得n＝1.498时，点线 与细直虚线的交点光强最大，显示为亮态。而此时对应的反射谱线，其半高 全宽很宽，远大于光源的线宽，对于这种窄线宽中心波长为波长450nm的绿光， 最大光能利用率大约在78％左右。所以，调节电压使液晶有效折射率在1.498 到1.550之间变化时，可以实现亮暗的变化。As shown in Figure 17, the reflected light is used for display. Similarly, it can be clearly seen that when no voltage is applied, the light intensity at the intersection of the solid line and the thin straight dashed line is the smallest, and the display is a dark state. When a voltage is added so that n = 1.498, the light intensity at the intersection of the dotted line and the thin straight dashed line is the largest, showing a bright state. At this time, the corresponding reflection spectral line has a wide full width at half maximum, which is much larger than the line width of the light source. For the green light with a central wavelength of 450 nm in this narrow line width, the maximum light energy utilization rate is about 78%. Therefore, when the voltage is adjusted to make the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal change between 1.498 and 1.550, the light and dark changes can be realized.
由以上参数可以得到一个对于蓝色光调制的单像素结构，当集成多个单 像素结构时就可以得到一个蓝光调制面板，即得到第二显示器件106。From the above parameters, a single-pixel structure for blue light modulation can be obtained. When a plurality of single-pixel structures are integrated, a blue-light modulation panel can be obtained, that is, the second display device 106 can be obtained.
需要说明的是，向列相液晶的转换速度大约在毫秒量级，也就是这种方 式调制显示可以称之为模拟方式。通过电压调节液晶的折射率，每个折射率 对应不同的光强度，实现不同的显示效果。It should be noted that the switching speed of the nematic liquid crystal is in the order of milliseconds, that is, the modulation display in this way can be called an analog mode. The refractive index of the liquid crystal is adjusted by voltage, and each refractive index corresponds to a different light intensity to achieve different display effects.
还需要说明的是，令δ＝4πned/λ＝30π，即相位差为π的偶数倍，由于红光的 波长λ＝632.8nm，FP腔的厚度d＝3062nm，不加电压时，液晶的折射率ne约1.550， 透射式会显示亮态，当δ'＝4πneffd/λ＝29π，也就是相位差减少了π，那么显示就 改变成暗态，此时，neff＝29π*λ/4πd＝1.498。蓝光和绿光的计算也类似，在此不 再赘述。It should also be noted that, let δ=4πne d/λ=30π, that is, the phase difference is an even multiple of π. Since the wavelength of red light is λ=632.8nm, the thickness of the FP cavity is d=3062nm, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal The refractive index ne is about 1.550, and the transmission type will display a bright state. When δ'=4πneff d/λ=29π, that is, the phase difference is reduced by π, then the display changes to a dark state. At this time, neff =29π *λ/4πd=1.498. The calculation of blue light and green light is also similar, and will not be repeated here.
上述反射式投影显示系统中由于入射光均为垂直入射器件表面(即 θ＝0°)，因此，使用半透半反镜来区分处于调制面板同侧的入射光和反射光， 但系统中半透半反镜的使用虽区分开进入调制面板的入射光和经调制的出射 光，但光每经过一次半透半反镜时均会有一半的光能损耗。此时需要提高窄 带光源的发光强度来达到较高的亮度。这种情况仅限于垂直入射时。而当以 一个小角度(1～2°)入射器件表面，如图18所示，入射至调制面板的入射光 和经调制的出射光便不再重合，因而无需半透半反镜便可实现光调制。以小角度入射，其调制思想与上述实施例描述的完全相同，但上述器件的相应参 数以及图12-17中的调制曲线均会发生变化，这是本领域技术人员能够轻易根 据本发明的思想所想到的。In the above-mentioned reflective projection display system, since the incident light is perpendicular to the surface of the device (that is, θ=0°), a half mirror is used to distinguish the incident light and reflected light on the same side of the modulation panel, but the half mirror in the system is used. Although the use of the transflective mirror distinguishes the incident light entering the modulation panel and the modulated outgoing light, half of the light energy will be lost every time the light passes through the transflective mirror. At this time, it is necessary to increase the luminous intensity of the narrow-band light source to achieve higher brightness. This situation is limited to normal incidence. When the device surface is incident at a small angle (1-2°), as shown in Figure 18, the incident light incident on the modulation panel and the modulated outgoing light no longer overlap, so it can be achieved without a half mirror. light modulation. At a small angle of incidence, the modulation idea is exactly the same as that described in the above embodiment, but the corresponding parameters of the above devices and the modulation curves in Figs. thought.
本发明实施例还提供了一种显示装置，该显示装置包括窄带光源以及位 于所述窄带光源出射光路上的显示器件，所述显示器件为如图9所示的显示器 件。可选地，该显示装置可以为电视、头戴显示设备、视频眼镜、手机、电 脑、手表等，其中，电视包括激光电视、大屏幕投影电视等背投电视。An embodiment of the present invention also provides a display device, which includes a narrow-band light source and a display device located on the exit light path of the narrow-band light source, and the display device is the display device shown in FIG. 9 . Optionally, the display device may be a TV, a head-mounted display device, video glasses, a mobile phone, a computer, a watch, etc., wherein the TV includes a rear-projection TV such as a laser TV, a large-screen projection TV, and the like.
其中，窄带光源包括第一窄带光源、第二窄带光源和第三窄带光源；像 素单元中的至少三个像素结构包括第一像素结构90、第二像素结构91和第三 像素结构92；第一像素结构90用于透射第一窄带光源发出的光线进行显示， 第二像素结构91用于透射第二窄带光源发出的光线进行显示，第三像素结构 92用于透射第三窄带光源发出的光线进行显示。The narrow-band light source includes a first narrow-band light source, a second narrow-band light source and a third narrow-band light source; the at least three pixel structures in the pixel unit include a first pixel structure 90 , a second pixel structure 91 and a third pixel structure 92 ; The pixel structure 90 is used to transmit the light emitted by the first narrowband light source for display, the second pixel structure 91 is used to transmit the light emitted by the second narrowband light source for display, and the third pixel structure 92 is used to transmit the light emitted by the third narrowband light source for display. show.
可选地，第一窄带光源为发射红光的光源、第二窄带光源为发射绿光的 光源、第三窄带光源为发射蓝光的光源。进一步可选地，第一窄带光源、第 二窄带光源和第三窄带光源为激光光源，当然，本发明并不仅限于此，在其 他实施例中，第一窄带光源、第二窄带光源和第三窄带光源还可以是LED光 源等。Optionally, the first narrow-band light source is a light source that emits red light, the second narrow-band light source is a light source that emits green light, and the third narrow-band light source is a light source that emits blue light. Further optionally, the first narrowband light source, the second narrowband light source and the third narrowband light source are laser light sources. Of course, the present invention is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the first narrowband light source, the second narrowband light source and the third narrowband light source are The narrow-band light source may also be an LED light source or the like.
可选地，第一窄带光源为发射波长为632.8nm红光的激光光源，第一像 素结构的法布里-珀罗腔的厚度为3062nm，第一像素结构中的反射膜的反射率 为48％，第一像素结构中液晶层的折射率的变化范围为1.498～1.550；Optionally, the first narrow-band light source is a laser light source with a red light emission wavelength of 632.8 nm, the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity of the first pixel structure is 3062 nm, and the reflectivity of the reflective film in the first pixel structure is 48. %, the variation range of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer in the first pixel structure is 1.498-1.550;
第二窄带光源为发射波长为530nm绿光的激光光源，第二像素结构中的 法布里-珀罗腔的厚度为2564nm，第二像素结构中的反射膜的反射率为42％， 第二像素结构中液晶层的折射率的变化范围为1.498～1.550；The second narrow-band light source is a laser light source that emits green light with a wavelength of 530 nm, the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the second pixel structure is 2564 nm, and the reflectivity of the reflective film in the second pixel structure is 42%. The variation range of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer in the pixel structure is 1.498-1.550;
第三窄带光源为发射波长为450nm蓝光的激光光源，第三像素结构中的 法布里-珀罗腔的厚度为2177nm，第三像素结构中的反射膜的反射率为37％， 第三像素结构中液晶层的折射率的变化范围为1.498～1.550。The third narrow-band light source is a laser light source emitting blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm, the thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity in the third pixel structure is 2177 nm, and the reflectivity of the reflective film in the third pixel structure is 37%. The variation range of the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer in the structure is 1.498-1.550.
光源与透射率的对应关系如图12至图17所示，在此不再赘述。The corresponding relationship between the light source and the transmittance is shown in FIG. 12 to FIG. 17 , which will not be repeated here.
以波长632.8nm的红光透射方式为例，如图12所示，最亮的状态在折射率 n＝1.550时，光源在中心波长632.8nm处透射率为1，但是光源有一定线宽，在 632.8nm的强度最大，而在其他地方(例如631nm到635nm)之间强度不同。 实际光的透射率可以从这个式子反应其中P(λ)是光源的强度分 布函数，T(λ)是器件的透射率函数，λ1-λ2对应窄带光源发光光谱的波长范围。 也就是说，对应于光源的每个波长，FP腔都有一个对应的透射率，例如632nm 处透射率为0.9，632.8nm处透射率为1，633nm处透射率为0.95，用这样的加权 平均来计算器件的透射率。在亮态n＝1.550时，透射率大约为97％，而对应于暗态n＝1.498时，透射率约为12％，从而得出对比度CFP＝97％/12％＝8.1:1。Taking the transmission mode of red light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm as an example, as shown in Figure 12, the brightest state is when the refractive index n=1.550, the transmittance of the light source at the center wavelength of 632.8 nm is 1, but the light source has a certain line width, The intensity is greatest at 632.8nm, and varies in intensity elsewhere (eg, 631nm to 635nm). The actual transmittance of light can be reacted from this formula where P(λ) is the intensity distribution function of the light source, T(λ) is the transmittance function of the device, and λ1 -λ2 corresponds to the wavelength range of the emission spectrum of the narrow-band light source. That is to say, corresponding to each wavelength of the light source, the FP cavity has a corresponding transmittance, for example, the transmittance at 632nm is 0.9, the transmittance at 632.8nm is 1, and the transmittance at 633nm is 0.95. Using such a weighted average to calculate the transmittance of the device. In the bright state n=1.550, the transmittance is approximately 97%, and corresponding to the dark state n=1.498, the transmittance is approximately 12%, resulting in a contrast ratio CFP =97%/12%=8.1:1.
而用反射光显示时，最暗的状态在n＝1.550时，光源在中心波长632.8nm 处反射率为0。也就是光源在632.8nm的反射强度最小，而在其他地方(例如 631nm到635nm)反射强度不同。实际光的反射率可以从这个式子反应其中P(λ)是光源的强度谱线函数，R(λ)是器件反射率函数。也 就是说，对应于光源的每个波长，FP腔都有一个对应的反射率，用这样的加 权平均来计算器件的反射率。在暗态n＝1.550时，反射率大约为3％，而亮态 n＝1.498时，反射率约为88％，从而得出对比度CFP＝88％/3％＝29.3:1。When displayed with reflected light, the darkest state is n=1.550, and the reflectance of the light source is 0 at the center wavelength of 632.8 nm. That is, the reflection intensity of the light source is the smallest at 632.8nm, and the reflection intensity is different in other places (such as 631nm to 635nm). The reflectance of actual light can be reacted from this formula where P(λ) is the intensity spectrum function of the light source, and R(λ) is the device reflectance function. That is, corresponding to each wavelength of the light source, the FP cavity has a corresponding reflectivity, and such a weighted average is used to calculate the reflectivity of the device. At dark state n=1.550, the reflectivity is about 3%, and at bright state n=1.498, the reflectivity is about 88%, resulting in a contrast ratio CFP =88%/3%=29.3:1.
除以上所有提及的亮暗态之外，还可选取其他位置作为亮态或者暗态。 以图12透射谱线为例，在不加电压时液晶的折射率为n＝1.550，显示最亮，当 通过增加电压，使得液晶的折射率开始减小到接近1.498附近(如n＝1.500)， 在此处也可以作为显示的暗态；同样，以图13反射谱线为例，在不加电压时 液晶的折射率为n＝1.550，显示最暗，当通过增加电压，使得液晶的折射率开 始减小到接近1.498附近(如n＝1.500)作为显示的亮态。以此方式在牺牲少量 对比度的同时，减小了液晶折射率的变化范围，进而降低所需电压，减小了 功耗。In addition to all the above-mentioned bright and dark states, other positions can also be selected as bright or dark states. Taking the transmission spectrum in Figure 12 as an example, the refractive index of the liquid crystal is n=1.550 when no voltage is applied, and the display is the brightest. When the voltage is increased, the refractive index of the liquid crystal begins to decrease to near 1.498 (eg n=1.500) , it can also be used as the dark state of the display here; similarly, taking the reflection spectrum in Figure 13 as an example, the refractive index of the liquid crystal is n=1.550 when no voltage is applied, and the display is the darkest. When the voltage is increased, the refraction of the liquid crystal is made. The rate begins to decrease near 1.498 (eg, n=1.500) as the bright state of the display. In this way, while sacrificing a small amount of contrast, the variation range of the refractive index of the liquid crystal is reduced, thereby reducing the required voltage and reducing power consumption.
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都 是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。 对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发 明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的， 本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其 它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而 是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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| CN201910197649.XACN109828406B (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2019-03-15 | Pixel structure, display device and projection display system |
| JP2019206058AJP6873499B2 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2019-11-14 | Pixel structure, display device, display device and projection display system |
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| CN201910197649.XACN109828406B (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2019-03-15 | Pixel structure, display device and projection display system |
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