A kind of fracture of mandible external fixator and its fixing meansTechnical field
The present invention relates to the field of medical instrument technology, more particularly to a kind of fracture of mandible external fixator and its fixation sideMethod.
Background technique
Currently, Oral Maxillofacial Trauma accounts for about the 10%~20% of whole-body trauma according to statistics, because of traffic accident or other thingsThe wound of skeleton caused by therefore is generally existing, and wherein the patient of human jaw facial bone fracture is in rising trend, clinical jaw bonesThe treatment of folding generallys use internal fixation, be mainly manifested in first by soft tissue outside bone cut then using bone nail orSteel plate, steel wire and other devices carry out within the organization in bone fix to treat Maxillofacial fracture, the modus operandi be likely to occur withLower complication: wound face infection, in foreign matter retains, human body is implemented to the rejection of foreign matter, in particular for children in jawboneLigamentopexis then will affect the development etc. of later children's jawbone.
But clinically internal fixation is applied than wide, this not only generates negative psychological application, Er Qieyou to patientWhen need after fracture situation rehabilitation to carry out wound to patient again to take out inside-fixture, this makes to patient to a certain extentAt secondary insult, no matter the difficulty for being difficult to overcome all is brought to medical staff or patient itself；
Although there is also some external fixators in the prior art, such as application No. is 201020689219.4 modified jawbonesFracture external fixator and application No. is 97245416.0 Multifunctional miniature external fixator for reduction of mandible fracture, but it is above-mentionedExternal fixator has that structure is complicated, actually uses inconvenience.
Summary of the invention
In view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of structures simply, stability maintenanceFracture of mandible external fixator and its fixing means good and easy to use.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes: the present invention provides a kind of fracture of mandible external fixator,Including outer fixed link and the locking assembly being arranged in pairs, it is provided with through slot in the outer fixed link, the locking assembly includesLock-screw, the upper locking nut and lower locking nut for being arranged on the lock-screw and being located at the through slot two sides, instituteIt states and is provided with trough rim chamfering on the seamed edge being in contact on through slot with the upper locking nut and the lower locking nut, and formedOne end that trough rim chamfering inclined surface, the upper locking nut and the lower locking nut are in contact with the through slot is provided withNut chamfering, and nut chamfering inclined surface is formed, nut chamfering inclined surface can be with trough rim chamfering inclined surface described in two sidesIt is in contact, the lock-screw includes sequentially connected first external thread section, the second external thread section and tip, the upper locking screwThe female and described lower locking nut is arranged at intervals on first external thread section.
Preferably, the both ends of the upper locking nut and the lower locking nut are provided with the nut chamfering；OrThe both ends of the upper locking nut are provided with the nut chamfering, and the other end of the lower locking nut is not provided with the nutChamfering；Or the other end of the upper locking nut and the lower locking nut is not provided with the nut chamfering.
Preferably, the trough rim chamfering of the outer fixed link above and below is the first chamfering, and is respectively formed the first trough rimThe nut chamfering being arranged on one end of chamfering inclined surface, the upper locking nut and the lower locking nut is that third is fallenAngle, and it is respectively formed the first nut chamfering inclined surface, the first nut chamfering inclined surface can be with the first trough rim described in two sidesChamfering inclined surface is in contact；Or the trough rim chamfering of the outer fixed link above and below is respectively that the first chamfering and second fallAngle, and it is respectively formed the first trough rim chamfering inclined surface and the second trough rim chamfering inclined surface, the upper locking nut and the lower lockThe nut chamfering being arranged on one end of tight nut is respectively 4th chamfering and the 5th chamfering, and is respectively formed the first nut and fallsAngle lapping inclined-plane and the second nut chamfering inclined surface, the first nut chamfering inclined surface can be with the first trough rim chamferings described in two sidesInclined surface is in contact, and the second nut chamfering inclined surface can be in contact with the second trough rim chamfering inclined surface described in two sides.
Preferably, the lower locking nut is fixedly connected or is threadedly coupled with first external thread section, wherein when describedWhen lower locking nut is fixedly connected with first external thread section, the lower locking nut is mutually welded with first external thread sectionOr it is integrally formed.
Preferably, the outer fixed link is linear type structure, is provided only with the through slot in the outer fixed link,The through slot is U-shaped structure.
Preferably, pressure-applying unit is provided in the outer fixed link, the pressure-applying unit includes arc pressure plate, threaded rodAnd nut, the bottom of the U-shaped structure and one is provided with along the through slot length direction connect with the shaftThreaded hole, the arc pressure plate is placed in the through slot.
Preferably, the arc pressure plate is mutually welded or is bolted with the threaded rod, the threaded rod and describedNut is integrally formed.
Preferably, the outer fixed link is U-shaped structure, and the outer fixed link includes being sequentially connected the first side lever connect, theOne bottom bar, the second bottom bar and the second side lever, first side lever pass through bolt or screw adjustable-angle and first bottomBar is connected, and second side lever is connected by bolt or screw adjustable-angle with second bottom bar, and described firstSide lever is identical with the structure of second side lever or mirror image each other, first side lever, first bottom bar, second bottomThe through slot placed for the locking assembly, the size and shape of the through slot are provided on bar and second side leverShape is identical or different, and the card slot matched and connection fixture block, institute are respectively arranged on first bottom bar and second bottom barIt states and is provided with several threaded holes on card slot outer wall, the card slot by screw or is bolted with the connection fixture block.
Preferably, arc-shaped respectively on first side lever and first bottom bar to be provided with connection bump and connect recessedIt is arc-shaped respectively on slot, second side lever and second bottom bar to be provided with the connection bump and the connecting groove, instituteThe quantity for stating connecting groove is greater than the quantity of the connection bump；Preferably, the section of the through slot is rectangle or U-shaped.
The present invention also provides a kind of fracture of mandible external fixations, include the following steps:
Instantly when the outer fixed link in jaw fracture external fixer is linear type structure, medical staff is by pairs of lock-screwThe second external thread section be separately fixed in the non-fracture segment of patient's mandibular, wherein the fixed-direction of the lock-screw isIt is vertical fixed or laterally fixed, when vertical fixed, second external thread section is arranged in the non-fracture segment of mandibular, instituteThe length of the second external thread section goed deep into mandibular is stated no more than 10mm, when laterally fixed, by second external thread sectionIt is arranged in the non-fracture segment of mandibular, the length of second external thread section goed deep into mandibular is opposite side sclerotin, is completedThe fixed work of the lock-screw；
The lock-screw being arranged in pairs is passed through upper locking nut to subsequent medical staff and lower locking nut is fixedIn the outer fixed link, wherein can the nut chamfering inclined surface on the upper locking nut and the lower locking nutIt is in contact with the trough rim chamfering inclined surface of through slot two sides in the outer fixed link, completes the lock-screw connection work；
If the pressure needs that mandibular generates are adjusted in two lock-screws, precession pressure-applying unit, so that instituteThe arc pressure plate stated in pressure-applying unit is in contact with a close lock-screw, and the arc pressure plate is to the lockingScrew applies pressure, completes further pressurized operation；
Instantly when the outer fixed link in jaw fracture external fixer is U-shaped structure, medical staff is by pairs of lock-screwSecond external thread section is separately fixed in the non-fracture segment of patient's mandibular, wherein the fixed-direction of the lock-screw is perpendicularIt is straight fixed or laterally fixed, when vertical fixed, second external thread section is arranged in the non-fracture segment of mandibular, it is describedThe length of second external thread section goed deep into mandibular is not more than 10mm, and when laterally fixed, second external thread section is setIt sets in the non-fracture segment of mandibular, the length of second external thread section goed deep into mandibular is opposite side sclerotin, completes instituteState the fixed work of lock-screw；
The lock-screw being arranged in pairs is passed through upper locking nut to subsequent medical staff and lower locking nut is fixedIn the outer fixed link, wherein can the nut chamfering inclined surface on the upper locking nut and the lower locking nutIt is in contact with the trough rim chamfering inclined surface of through slot two sides in the outer fixed link, completes the lock-screw connection work；
If the pressure needs that mandibular generates are adjusted in two lock-screws, adjust connection fixture block and protrude into card slotLength so that the first bottom bar and the second bottom bar move toward one another, and by screw or bolt by the connection fixture block and the drawingSlot is fixed, and further pressurized operation is completed；
If the folder between angle and/or the second side lever and second bottom bar between the first side lever and first bottom barWhen angle needs to adjust, then the first side lever and/or the second side lever are rotated, rotation complete after by screw or bolt by theOne side lever is fixed with first bottom bar and/or the second side lever with second bottom bar.
The present invention achieve compared with the existing technology it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, it uses in fracture of mandible external fixator and its fixing means provided by the invention and is offered in outer fixed linkThe through slot of lock-screw is accommodated, and is provided on the trough rim of through slot and upper and lower locking nut and matches chamfering inclined surfaceMode, not only make outer fixed link and lock-screw separable, carried out convenient for operation, also make upper and lower locking nut and outerThe contact surface of fixed link increases, and realizes outer fixed link and technical purpose that lock-screw is fixedly secured.
2, it is used in fracture of mandible external fixator and its fixing means provided by the invention outside linear type in fixed linkThe mode of pressure-applying unit is set, so that multiple lock-screws can not only be connected as one by outer fixed link, additionally it is possible to connectionLock-screw afterwards applies pressure, and then guarantees external fixator to the fixed effect of mandibular.
3, U-shaped is set as using by outer fixed link in fracture of mandible external fixator and its fixing means provided by the inventionStructure, and it is respectively provided on the side wall and bottom wall of U-shaped structure the mode of through slot, so that fixator can not only carry out screwIt is vertical or laterally fixed, additionally it is possible to while vertical and laterally fixed pressurization is carried out, improve the scope of application of fixator；Further, by the way of the card slot matched and connection fixture block are respectively set on the first bottom bar and the second bottom bar, so that outer fixedBar can be adjusted, and then guarantee external fixator to the fixed effect of mandibular different angle；Further, using firstThe mode that side lever is connect with the first bottom bar and the second side lever with the equal adjustable-angle of the second bottom bar, so that can be in surgical procedureIt is rotated, and then improves the convenience of outer fixation.
4, using in the first side lever and the first bottom in fracture of mandible external fixator and its fixing means provided by the inventionIt is arc-shaped respectively on bar to be provided with connection bump and connecting groove, the arc-shaped company of being provided with respectively on the second side lever and the second bottom barThe mode of protrusion and connecting groove is connect, so that the first side lever and the second side lever after rotating, in screw or bolt and clampingCollective effect under, complete the first side lever and the second side lever fixation, improve structure connective stability.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodimentAttached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the inventionExample, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without any creative labor, can also be according to these attached drawingsObtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram that fracture of mandible external fixator of the present invention is linear type structure；
Fig. 2 is the overall structure diagram of locking assembly in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the overall structure diagram that locking assembly is removed in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the overall structure diagram that fracture of mandible external fixator of the present invention is U-shaped structure；
Fig. 5 is the attachment structure schematic diagram of the first side lever and the first bottom bar in Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is the attachment structure schematic diagram of the second side lever and the second bottom bar in Fig. 4；
Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view under the explosive state of Fig. 4；
Wherein, it is locked under 1- outer fixed link, 2- locking assembly, 3- through slot, 4- lock-screw, 5- upper locking nut, 6-Nut, 7- trough rim chamfering inclined surface, the first external thread section of 8-, the second external thread section of 10-, the tip 11-, 14- pressure-applying unit, 15-Arc pressure plate, 16- threaded rod, 17- nut, the first side lever of 18-, the first bottom bar of 19-, the second bottom bar of 20-, the second side lever of 21-,22- card slot, 23- connection fixture block, 24- connection bump, 25- connecting groove, 26- nut chamfering inclined surface.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, completeSite preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based onEmbodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every otherEmbodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of structures simply, stability maintenanceFracture of mandible external fixator and its fixing means good and easy to use.
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific realApplying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention provides a kind of fracture of mandible external fixator, including the outer locking assembly 2 fixed link 1 and be arranged in pairs,Through slot 3 is provided in outer fixed link 1, locking assembly 2 includes lock-screw 4, is arranged on lock-screw 4 and is located at through slotThe upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6 of 3 two sides, the rib being in contact on through slot 3 with upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6It is provided with trough rim chamfering on side, and forms trough rim chamfering inclined surface 7, upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6 and 3 phase of through slotOne end of contact is provided with nut chamfering, and forms nut chamfering inclined surface 26, and nut chamfering inclined surface 26 can be with two sidesTrough rim chamfering inclined surface 7 is in contact, and lock-screw 4 includes sequentially connected first external thread section 8, the second external thread section 10 and pointEnd 11, upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6 are arranged at intervals on the first external thread section 8.
Wherein, nut chamfering inclined surface 26 and the tilt angle of trough rim chamfering inclined surface 7 are same or similar, so that two inclinationsFace can fit, to enhance the stable connection of upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6 and outer fixed link 1；Chamfer angle canTo determine as the case may be, if 45 °, 60 ° etc.；Each outer side edges are provided with rounded corner in fixator, avoid injury of human；AndUsing offering the through slot 3 for accommodating lock-screw 4, and the trough rim of through slot 3 and upper and lower locking nut 6 in outer fixed link 1On be provided with the mode for matching chamfering inclined surface, make outer fixed link 1 and lock-screw 4 separable, not only convenient for operationIt carries out, increases upper and lower locking nut 6 and the contact surface of outer fixed link 1, realize 4 jail of outer fixed link 1 and lock-screwAdmittedly fixed technical purpose.
For the ease of using, the both ends of upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6 are provided with nut chamfering in the present invention；Or in order to reduce manufacturing cost, the both ends of upper locking nut 5 are provided with nut chamfering, and the other end of lower locking nut 6 is notNut chamfering is set；Or the other end of upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6 is not provided with nut chamfering.
In order to enrich the type of nut, do not limit to and a kind of structure type, the slot of fixed link 1 above and below in China and foreign countries' of the present inventionSide chamfering is the first chamfering, and is respectively formed the first trough rim chamfering inclined surface, one end of upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6The nut chamfering of upper setting is third chamfering, and is respectively formed the first nut chamfering inclined surface, and the first nut chamfering inclined surface is equalIt can be in contact with two sides the first trough rim chamfering inclined surface；Or the trough rim chamfering of outer 1 above and below of fixed link is respectively first to fallAngle and the second chamfering, and it is respectively formed the first trough rim chamfering inclined surface and the second trough rim chamfering inclined surface, upper locking nut 5 is underThe nut chamfering being arranged on one end of locking nut 6 is respectively 4th chamfering and the 5th chamfering, and is respectively formed the first nut and fallsAngle lapping inclined-plane and the second nut chamfering inclined surface, the first nut chamfering inclined surface can be with two sides the first trough rim chamfering inclined surface phasesContact, the second nut chamfering inclined surface can be in contact with two sides the second trough rim chamfering inclined surface.
In order to enrich the fixed form of lower locking nut 6, lower locking nut 6 and the first external thread section 8 are fixed in the present inventionConnection is threadedly coupled, wherein when lower locking nut 6 is fixedly connected with the first external thread section 8, lower locking nut 6 and firstThe welding of 8 phase of external thread section is integrally formed.
As shown in Figure 1-3, China and foreign countries' fixed link 1 of the present invention is linear type structure, a perforation is provided only in outer fixed link 1Slot 3, through slot 3 are U-shaped structure；Certainly, as a kind of variant, through slot 3 can be rectangular configuration, oval structure etc.,The quantity of through slot 3 can be with appropriate adjustment at this time, and such as 1,2,3 or multiple.
Pressure-applying unit 14 is provided in China and foreign countries' fixed link 1 of the present invention, pressure-applying unit 14 includes arc pressure plate 15, threaded rod16 and nut 17, the bottom of U-shaped structure and a screw thread being cooperatively connected with threaded rod 16 is provided with along 3 length direction of through slotHole, arc pressure plate 15 are placed in through slot 3；I.e. by the way of pressure-applying unit 14 is set in fixed link 1 outside linear type, makeMultiple lock-screws 4 can not only be connected as one by obtaining outer fixed link 1, additionally it is possible to apply pressure to the lock-screw 4 after connectionPower, and then guarantee external fixator to the fixed effect of mandibular, when through slot 3 can be the structures such as rectangular configuration, oval structureWhen, being adapted to property of the quantity variation of pressure-applying unit 14, is such as provided with pressurization group in the two sides of oval structure through slot 3 at this timePart 14.
Arc pressure plate 15 is welded or is bolted with 16 phase of threaded rod in the present invention, 17 one of threaded rod 16 and nutMolding.
As shown in figs. 4-7, China and foreign countries' fixed link 1 of the present invention is U-shaped structure, and outer fixed link 1 includes being sequentially connected first connectSide lever 18, the first bottom bar 19, the second bottom bar 20 and the second side lever 21, the first side lever 18 pass through bolt or screw adjustable-angleIt is connected with the first bottom bar 19, the second side lever 21 is connected by bolt or screw adjustable-angle with the second bottom bar 20, theOne side lever 18 is identical with the structure of the second side lever 21 or mirror image each other, the first side lever 18, the first bottom bar 19,20 and of the second bottom barThe through slot 3 placed for locking assembly 2 is provided on second side lever 21, the size and shape of through slot 3 is identical or different, theIt is respectively arranged with the card slot 22 matched and connection fixture block 23 on one bottom bar 19 and the second bottom bar 20, is provided on 22 outer wall of card slotSeveral threaded holes, card slot 22 with connect fixture block 23 by screw or be bolted (or squeeze lock)；It uses outer fixed link 1It is set as U-shaped structure, and is respectively provided with the mode of through slot 3 on the side wall and bottom wall of U-shaped structure, so that fixator can not onlyIt carries out vertically or laterally fixed, additionally it is possible to while carrying out the vertical of screw and laterally fixing, improve the scope of application of fixator；Card slot 22 can be interchanged with the position for connecting fixture block 23.
It is arc-shaped respectively on the first side lever 18 and the first bottom bar 19 in the present invention to be provided with connection bump 24 and connecting groove25, it is arc-shaped respectively on the second side lever 21 and the second bottom bar 20 to be provided with connection bump 24 and connecting groove 25, connecting groove 25Quantity be greater than connection bump 24 quantity；I.e. using the first side lever 18 and the first bottom bar 19 and the second side lever 21 and the second bottomThe mode of the equal adjustable-angle of bar 20 connection, so that may be rotated in surgical procedure, and then improves the convenient of outer fixationProperty；In such a way that the quantity of connecting groove 25 is greater than the quantity of connection bump 24, allow the first side lever 18 with respect to firstBottom bar 19 carries out rotation preset angle angle value (angle between i.e. adjacent connecting groove 25)；Connecting groove 25 and connection bump 24Setting position can be interchanged；Preferably, the section of through slot 3 is rectangle or U-shaped.
A kind of fracture of mandible external fixation is also provided in the present invention, is included the following steps:
Instantly when the outer fixed link 1 in jaw fracture external fixer is linear type structure, medical staff is by pairs of locking screwSecond external thread section 10 of nail 4 is separately fixed in the non-fracture segment of patient's mandibular, wherein the fixed-direction of lock-screw 4It is fixation vertically or laterally fixes, when vertical fixed, the second external thread section 10 is arranged in the non-fracture segment of mandibular, theThe length of two external thread sections 10 goed deep into mandibular is not more than 10mm, and when laterally fixed, the second external thread section 10 is arrangedIn the non-fracture segment of mandibular, the length of the second external thread section 10 goed deep into mandibular is opposite side sclerotin, completes locking screwThe fixed work of nail 4；
The lock-screw 4 being arranged in pairs is fixed on by upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6 by subsequent medical staffIn outer fixed link 1, wherein the nut chamfering inclined surface 26 on upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6 can be with outer fixed linkThe trough rim chamfering inclined surface 7 of 3 two sides of through slot is in contact on 1, completes lock-screw 4 and connects work；
If the pressure needs that two lock-screws 4 generate mandibular be adjusted (after needing to fasten a lock-screw,It is being that the lock-screw of fastening is adjusted to another, is being fixed after the completion of adjusting by another lock-screw), then precession addsComponent 14 is pressed, so that the arc pressure plate 15 in pressure-applying unit 14 is in contact with a close lock-screw 4, arc pressure plate 15Pressure is applied to lock-screw 4, completes further pressurized operation；
Instantly when the outer fixed link 1 in jaw fracture external fixer is U-shaped structure, medical staff is by pairs of lock-screw 4The second external thread section 10 be separately fixed in the non-fracture segment of patient's mandibular, wherein the fixed-direction of lock-screw 4 is perpendicularIt is straight fixed or laterally fixed, when vertical fixed, the second external thread section 10 is arranged in the non-fracture segment of mandibular, outside secondThe length of thread segment 10 goed deep into mandibular is not more than 10mm, and when laterally fixed, the second external thread section 10 is arranged underIn the non-fracture segment of jawbone, the length of the second external thread section 10 goed deep into mandibular is opposite side sclerotin, and it is solid to complete lock-screw 4Fixed work；
The lock-screw 4 being arranged in pairs is fixed on by upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6 by subsequent medical staffIn outer fixed link 1, wherein the nut chamfering inclined surface 26 on upper locking nut 5 and lower locking nut 6 can be with outer fixed linkThe trough rim chamfering inclined surface 7 of 3 two sides of through slot is in contact on 1, completes lock-screw 4 and connects work；
If the pressure needs that two lock-screws 4 generate mandibular be adjusted (after needing to fasten a lock-screw,It is being that the lock-screw of fastening is adjusted to another, is being fixed after the completion of adjusting by another lock-screw), then the company of adjustingThe length that fixture block 23 protrudes into card slot 22 is connect, so that the first bottom bar 19 and the second bottom bar 20 move toward one another, and passes through screw or boltConnection fixture block 23 is fixed with kerve, completes further pressurized operation；
If the folder between angle and/or the second side lever 21 and the second bottom bar 20 between the first side lever 18 and the first bottom bar 19When angle needs to adjust, then the first side lever 18 and/or the second side lever 21 are rotated, rotation passes through screw or bolt after completingFirst side lever 18 and the first bottom bar 19 and/or the second side lever 21 and the second bottom bar 20 is fixed.
Specific examples are applied in the present invention, and principle and implementation of the present invention are described, above embodimentsIllustrate to be merely used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according toAccording to thought of the invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range.In conclusion the content of the present specificationIt should not be construed as limiting the invention.