CN109744672B - Method for making four-foot crutch safer and more labor-saving to use - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

一种使四脚拐杖使用更安全省力的方法，它包括一个四脚拐杖，靠近人脚一侧的二个撑脚间的宽度能足以使鞋足自由进出，在四脚拐杖近脚一侧的二个撑脚间连接一个拉力器，该拉力器和四脚拐杖的其它部分组成一个杠杆式四脚拐杖，远脚一侧的二个支撑脚作为杠杆的支点，拐杖手柄和杖杆作为杠杆的动力点，当人脚踩在拉力器上，则人体重力通过拉力器形成杠杆的阻力点，因此在动力点上造就了一个可以被阻力克服的外推力，有了这样的外推力，所以人的下腹部就可以抵靠在拐杖手柄上，大腿和膝盖部就可以抵靠在杖杆上而杖杆不会向外倾倒，使人体本需通过人手臂或下肢支撑的自重力的很大一部分转移给拐杖去支撑，这样就减轻老人腿脚疲劳，加强了使用安全性。

A method for making the use of a four-legged crutch more safe and labor-saving, which comprises a four-legged crutch, the width between the two supporting feet on the side close to the person's foot can be sufficient to allow the foot to enter and exit freely, and the four-legged crutch on the near foot side is wide enough. A tension device is connected between the two supporting feet, the tension device and the other parts of the four-legged cane form a lever-type four-legged cane, the two supporting legs on the far side of the foot are used as the fulcrum of the lever, and the handle of the cane and the rod are used as the power point of the lever , when the human foot steps on the tension device, the human body's gravity forms the resistance point of the lever through the tension device, so an external thrust that can be overcome by the resistance is created at the power point. With such an external thrust, the lower abdomen of the person can By leaning against the handle of the crutch, the thighs and knees can rest on the rod without the rod falling outward, so that a large part of the self-gravity that the human body needs to be supported by the human arm or lower limb is transferred to the crutch for support. In this way, the fatigue of the legs and feet of the elderly is relieved, and the safety of use is strengthened.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种使四脚拐杖使用更安全省力的方法A Safer and Effortless Way to Use a Quadruped Cane

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及老年人用具领域，具体的说是一种使四脚拐杖使用更安全省力的方法。The invention relates to the field of appliances for the elderly, in particular to a method for making the use of a four-legged crutch safer and labor-saving.

背景技术Background technique

四脚拐杖比单脚拐杖支撑范围大，也就不易跌倒，但四脚拐杖四脚柱间距离不能太大，因此还是定力不足，尤其是停杖小憩时，只能是垂直向下支撑才能求稳，老人为了保持垂直用力姿态，手臂和下肢受力较大，膝部关节欠佳的老人，常会感到撑力不支，造成四脚拐杖垂直支撑线和人的承重方向不一致，重心稍有偏移，拐杖就会跌倒，所以其使用安全性还需有待提高。如果能另辟蹊径，化很小费用，把现有的四脚拐杖改进为使用更安全省力，则将是老年朋友所期望的。The four-legged crutches have a larger support range than the single-legged crutches, so it is not easy to fall, but the distance between the four-legged crutches of the four-legged crutches should not be too large, so the concentration is still insufficient, especially when the cane is stopped for a nap, it can only be supported vertically downwards. For stability, in order to maintain a vertical force posture, the elderly have a lot of force on their arms and lower limbs, and the elderly with poor knee joints often feel that the support force is not supported, resulting in the vertical support line of the four-legged crutches and the person's load-bearing direction are inconsistent, and the center of gravity is slightly biased. If the crutches are moved, the crutches will fall, so the safety of its use needs to be improved. If you can find another way to reduce the cost and improve the existing four-legged crutches to be safer and more labor-saving, it will be expected by elderly friends.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是：推出一种利用四脚拐杖的多脚优势，用很少的材料，就把四脚拐杖改进成为使用更为安全省力的产品。The purpose of the present invention is to introduce a multi-legged crutch that utilizes the advantages of four-legged crutches, and uses less material to improve the quadrupedal crutches into a product that is safer and less labor-intensive to use.

本发明的目的是这样实现的：它包括一个由手柄、杖杆、带调节孔杖杆、紧固器和带有防滑套的四个撑脚组成的拐杖，四个撑脚上端接杖杆，稍下连接加强圈，加强圈的下面空间高度大于人鞋高度，人的一个鞋足的前半部分可以进入靠近人脚一侧的二个支撑脚间，二个近脚撑脚间的宽度能足以使鞋足自由进出，在二个近脚撑脚间连接一个拉力器，该拉力器和四脚拐杖的其它部分组成一个杠杆式四脚拐杖，远脚一侧的二个支撑脚作为杠杆的支点，拐杖手柄和杖杆作为杠杆的动力点，人脚踩在拉力器上形成杠杆的阻力点，其特征是：拐杖的稳定性是通过人踩住杠杆阻力点后用人体自重力来克服杠杆动力点的外推力来实现的。The purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows: it comprises a crutch consisting of a handle, a pole, a pole with an adjustment hole, a fastener and four supporting feet with anti-skid sleeves, and the four supporting feet are connected to the pole, Connect the reinforcing ring a little lower, the height of the space below the reinforcing ring is greater than the height of the human shoe, the front half of one foot of a human can enter between the two supporting feet on the side close to the human foot, and the width between the two near-foot supporting feet can be sufficient Make the shoe feet go in and out freely, and connect a tension device between the two near-foot support feet. The tension device and other parts of the four-legged crutch form a lever-type four-legged crutch. The two supporting feet on the far side are used as the fulcrum of the lever. The handle and the rod are used as the power points of the lever, and the human foot steps on the tensioner to form the resistance point of the lever. thrust to achieve.

这样，当老人停杖小憩时，靠近拐杖边的脚只要向杖内跨进小半步，用脚踩住连接杠杆脚的拉力器后，由于用人的重力作为阻力点的阻力，因此在动力点上造就了一个可以被阻力克服的外推力，有了这样的外推力，所以人的下腹部就可以抵靠在拐杖手柄上，大腿和膝盖部就可以抵靠在杖杆上而杖杆不会向外倾倒，由于抵靠力使人体和拐杖间产生很强的负摩阻力，因此人体本需通过人手臂或下肢支撑的自重力的很大一部分转移给拐杖去支撑，于是人手、腿关节的撑力大大减少，这样就达到了减轻老人腿脚疲劳的作用。一般四脚拐杖鞋脚都不能完全伸入拐杖内，因为大半个鞋脚伸进时即被撑脚加强圈阻挡，人脚的鞋跟只能处在杖体外，所以拉环不会勾住鞋跟而使人绊倒，依据目前市售的不锈钢四脚拐杖尺寸为例，撑脚间距为140mm，而人鞋一般长250mm以上，宽约100mm，故当人的前半个鞋脚压住拉环踏板后，是可随时提脚脱出的，不会造成鞋脚难以退出的情况，并且老人是在停杖小憩，不是行走之时，停步时将半个脚伸入二撑脚间也是平常事。上述拉力器一般应采用动态形式，动态形式的拉力器，它可以是一个拉环，拉环二端的旋轴插进在二近脚撑的旋轴孔中，旋轴在定位销和定位销簧片的作用下，带动拉环踏板向杖脚内侧偏移一个角度，当拐杖下面有高出地面的小石子触及时，由于这个偏移角可使踏板向上旋转，因此大大降低了石子对杖底的冲撞力；当老人停杖小憩时，由于拉环踏板踩旋至地面，使人的体重直接落地，而拉环只承担不使拐杖倾倒的拉力，这个拉力比体重小得多，故整个拉环用料很省，份量很轻。拉力器也可以是固定不动的装在二近脚撑脚之间，相当于把动态拉力器固定在下拉至地的位置上，但这时拉力器的踏脚板下面应装有相当于防滑套的防滑橡胶，人体重力通过防滑套接地，目前四脚拐杖的防滑套橡胶高10mm，加踏板厚度共约13mm，但人脚站得越高，人重心就越难以落在踩脚上，也就减弱了体重作阻力的杠杆作用，所以固定式拉力器的踏脚板和地越近越好，但太近地面，一旦遇到石子，踏脚板就将拐杖撑脚架空而失去四脚防滑套作用，因此装固定式拉力器的四脚拐杖只能适用于比较平坦的路面。下面我们通过实施例对装有拉力器的杠杆式四脚拐杖作进一步介绍。In this way, when the old man stops the cane for a nap, the foot close to the cane only needs to take a small half-step into the cane, and after stepping on the tensioner connected to the lever foot with the foot, since the human's gravity is used as the resistance of the resistance point, the power point is on the power point. An external thrust that can be overcome by resistance is created. With such external thrust, the lower abdomen of a person can rest on the handle of the crutch, and the thighs and knees can rest on the rod without the rod going to the side. Outward dumping, due to the strong negative frictional resistance between the human body and the crutches due to the abutting force, the human body needs to transfer a large part of the self-gravity supported by the human arms or lower limbs to the crutches for support, so the support of the human hand and leg joints The force is greatly reduced, thus achieving the effect of reducing the fatigue of the legs and feet of the elderly. Generally, the feet of the four-legged crutches cannot be fully inserted into the crutches, because most of the feet are blocked by the reinforcing ring of the foot support when they are extended in. The heel of the human foot can only be outside the cane, so the pull ring will not hook the shoes. According to the size of the stainless steel four-legged crutches currently on the market as an example, the distance between the feet is 140mm, and the length of the human shoes is generally more than 250mm and the width is about 100mm, so the front half of the shoes should be pressed against the pull ring. After pedaling, the feet can be lifted at any time, and it will not cause the shoes and feet to be difficult to withdraw. Moreover, the elderly are resting on the cane, not when walking. . The above-mentioned tension device should generally be in a dynamic form. The dynamic tension device can be a pull ring. The rotating shafts at both ends of the pull ring are inserted into the rotating shaft holes of the two near foot supports. The rotating shaft is located between the positioning pin and the positioning pin spring. Under the action, the pull-ring pedal is driven to offset an angle to the inside of the cane. When a small stone above the ground is touched under the cane, this offset angle can make the pedal rotate upward, thus greatly reducing the impact of the stone on the bottom of the cane. When the old man stops the cane for a nap, because the pull ring pedal is stepped on the ground, the weight of the person falls directly, and the pull ring only bears the pulling force that does not make the crutches fall, which is much smaller than the body weight, so the whole pull ring uses The material is very economical and the portion is very light. The tensioner can also be fixedly installed between the two near-foot support feet, which is equivalent to fixing the dynamic tensioner in the position where it is pulled down to the ground, but at this time, the footboard of the tensioner should be equipped with anti-skid rubber equivalent to a non-slip sleeve. The weight of the human body is grounded through the anti-skid sleeve. At present, the anti-skid sleeve of the four-legged cane is 10mm high, and the thickness of the pedal is about 13mm. However, the higher the person stands, the harder the person's center of gravity falls on the stepping foot, which reduces the weight. It acts as a lever for resistance, so the closer the footboard of the fixed tensioner is to the ground, the better, but if it is too close to the ground, once it encounters a stone, the footboard will support the crutches and lose the function of the four-legged anti-skid sleeve, so the fixed type is installed. The four-legged crutches of the tensioner can only be used on relatively flat roads. In the following, we will further introduce the lever-type four-legged crutch equipped with a tensioner through an embodiment.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是装有动态拉力器的杠杆式四脚拐杖实施例。Figure 1 is an embodiment of a lever-type four-legged crutch equipped with a dynamic tensioner.

图2是图1的A-A剖视图。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 .

图3是当人脚踩在拉环踏板14上，停杖小憩的示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of stopping the stick to take a nap when the person steps on the ring-pull pedal 14 .

图4是把图1杠杆式四脚拐杖实施例中的动态拉力器部分变为固定拉力器的情况。FIG. 4 is a situation in which the dynamic tensioner part in the embodiment of the lever-type four-legged crutch of FIG. 1 is changed into a fixed tensioner.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

图1是动态拉力器的杠杆式四脚拐杖的实施例。图1中的1是防滑套，2是定位销簧片，3是定位销，4是拉环旋轴，5是近脚撑脚，6是杖杆，7是带调节孔杖杆，8是手柄，9是手柄垂套，10是紧固器，11是加强圈，12是旋轴孔，13是拉环，14是拉环踏板，15是地面。带有手柄垂套9的手柄8、带调节孔杖杆7、紧固器10、杖杆6、由上至下以序固接。杖杆6下部四个不锈钢撑脚(从图中仅看到二个标注为5的近脚撑脚，另有二个未见的远脚撑脚)，加强圈11接在四个不锈钢撑脚的中上部，起到加固定位作用，从加强圈11向下伸出近脚撑脚5和二个未见的远脚撑脚上均套有防滑套1，离防滑套1向上约30mm处的近脚撑脚5上开有旋轴孔12，旋轴孔12中插入拉环旋轴4，拉环旋轴4上固接着拉环13，左、右二个拉环13间固连着拉环踏板14，拉环旋轴4上还固接着定位销3，定位销簧片2的下端固接在近脚撑脚5的管壁上，定位销簧片2的上端正好和定位销3相接压，在定位销簧片2的作用下，定位销3带着拉环旋轴4，使拉环13向撑脚内侧旋动一个角度，详见图2中的图1A-A剖视图。Figure 1 is an embodiment of a lever-type quadrupedal crutch of a dynamic tensioner. In Figure 1, 1 is a non-slip sleeve, 2 is a positioning pin reed, 3 is a positioning pin, 4 is a pull ring rotating shaft, 5 is a foot close to the foot, 6 is a rod, 7 is a rod with adjustment holes, and 8 is a rod. The handle, 9 is the handle vertical sleeve, 10 is the fastener, 11 is the reinforcement ring, 12 is the shaft hole, 13 is the pull ring, 14 is the pull ring pedal, and 15 is the ground. Thehandle 8 with the handlevertical sleeve 9, therod rod 7 with the adjustment hole, thefastener 10, therod rod 6, are fixed in sequence from top to bottom. There are four stainless steel support feet at the lower part of the rod 6 (only two near-foot support feet marked 5 are seen in the picture, and there are two unseen far-foot support feet), and the reinforcingring 11 is connected to the four stainless steel support feet The middle and upper part of the reinforcedring 11 protrudes downward from thenear foot support 5 and the two far foot support feet that are not seen are covered withanti-skid sleeves 1, and theanti-skid sleeve 1 is about 30mm upwards. A rotatingshaft hole 12 is opened on the near-foot support foot 5, the pullring rotating shaft 4 is inserted into the rotatingshaft hole 12, the pullring rotating shaft 4 is fixedly connected to thepull ring 13, and the left and right twopull rings 13 are fixedly connected to the pull ring. Thering pedal 14, thepositioning pin 3 is also fixed on the ring-pullingshaft 4, the lower end of thepositioning pin reed 2 is fixed on the tube wall near thefoot support foot 5, and the upper end of thepositioning pin reed 2 is just in phase with thepositioning pin 3. After pressing, under the action of the locatingpin spring 2, the locatingpin 3 carries the pullring rotating shaft 4, so that thepull ring 13 rotates an angle to the inside of the support foot, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG.

图2是图1的A-A剖视图。图中15是地面，1是防滑套，2是定位销簧片，5是近脚撑脚，4是拉环旋轴，3是定位销，13是拉环，14是拉环踏板。由于定位销3固定在拉环旋轴4上，拉环旋轴4又和拉环13固接，因此在定位销簧片2的弹力作用下，平时使拉环13固定在四脚撑靠内侧，这样在行进中，人脚不会触碰到撑脚内侧，如图2中位置，当人在行进中用拐杖作支撑时，如遇到高出地面的物体时，地面对拉环踏板14产生一个图2中B向力，这时拉力踏板14将按图2中C向旋转(最高可至定位销被近脚撑脚壁抵住为止)，由于轴的滑动作用，使地面对拉环踏板14的冲击力降到最低，从而保证拐杖脚能接地防滑；当人停杖小憩时，人脚踩在拉环踏板14上，由于定位定位销簧片弹力并不强，因此在人重力作用下，拉环踏板14经拉环旋轴4和拉簧杆3，推动定位销簧片2向左运动，直至被近脚撑脚5的管壁抵住，这时拉环13正好垂直于地面，拉环踏板14已抵地面15，故通过拉环踏板后，人的重力将全部由地面承重，而不是由支架承受，因此市售的不锈钢四脚拐杖支架就可应用，拉力器的转轴用直径6mm不锈钢柱，拉环踏板用1.5mm的折边不锈钢即可，故增加重量不多，一般老人持杖时并不觉得改进后的四脚拐杖有明显加重。拉环宽度应在10mm以上，这样人脚踩上后，通过鞋底增垫，将使人脚无明显不适。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 . In the figure, 15 is the ground, 1 is the anti-skid sleeve, 2 is the positioning pin spring, 5 is the near foot support, 4 is the pull ring rotating shaft, 3 is the positioning pin, 13 is the pull ring, and 14 is the pull ring pedal. Since thepositioning pin 3 is fixed on the ring-pullingshaft 4, and the ring-pullingshaft 4 is fixed to the ring-pull 13, under the elastic force of thepositioning pin spring 2, the ring-pull 13 is usually fixed on the inner side of the four-leg support , so that the person's feet will not touch the inner side of the support feet during travel, as shown in Figure 2. When people use crutches for support during travel, if they encounter an object higher than the ground, the ground faces the ring-pulling pedal. 14 generates a force B in the direction of Fig. 2. At this time, thetension pedal 14 will rotate according to the direction of C in Fig. 2 (up to the point where the positioning pin is pressed against the foot wall near the foot support). Due to the sliding action of the shaft, the ground will face. The impact force of the ring-pull pedal 14 is minimized, so as to ensure that the feet of the crutches can be grounded and non-slip; when the person stops the cane for a nap, the person steps on the ring-pull pedal 14, because the positioning pin reed is not strong, so the person will Under the action of gravity, thepull ring pedal 14 pushes thepositioning pin spring 2 to the left through the pullring rotating shaft 4 and thepull spring rod 3 until it is resisted by the tube wall near thefoot support foot 5, and thepull ring 13 is just vertical. On the ground, the ring-pull pedal 14 has reached theground 15, so after passing through the ring-pull pedal, the weight of the person will be fully supported by the ground, not by the bracket, so the commercially available stainless steel four-legged cane bracket can be used. The stainless steel column with a diameter of 6mm is used, and the folded stainless steel of 1.5mm is used for the ring-pulling pedal. Therefore, the increase in weight is not large. Generally, the elderly do not feel that the improved four-legged cane is significantly heavier when holding a cane. The width of the pull ring should be more than 10mm, so that after stepping on the foot, the pad will be added through the sole, so that the foot will have no obvious discomfort.

图3是当人脚踩在拉环踏板14上停杖小憩的示意图。图中1是防滑套，16是远脚撑脚，11是加强圈，6是杖杆，10是紧固器，7是带调节孔杖杆，9是手柄垂套，8是手柄，17是人体，5是近脚撑脚，4是拉环旋轴，13是拉环，14是拉环踏板(由于上述的4、13、14各件都处在近脚撑脚5的后面，因此均用虚线表示)。图3中的人是处于倚杖小憩状态，他的右脚前部已经踩在拉环踏板14上，拉环踏板14这时即为杠杆的阻力点，而远脚撑脚16的防滑套1即是杠杆的支力点，人体的下腹及大腿靠向拐杖，图中F是推动方向，即是动力点施力方向，这时原来需用手臂力或人腿关节支撑力来支撑的体重，现通过人的下腹、大腿或膝部对拐杖的靠力来支撑，因此人关节就感轻松。这样不仅老人四肢的支撑力减轻，而且拐杖有人的重力作定力，即使人体重心有偏，通过杠杆作用，拐杖也不会跌倒，从而使四脚拐杖更安全省力。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of taking a nap when a person's foot steps on the pull-ring pedal 14 . In the figure, 1 is the anti-skid cover, 16 is the far foot support, 11 is the reinforcement ring, 6 is the rod, 10 is the fastener, 7 is the rod with adjustment holes, 9 is the handle vertical sleeve, 8 is the handle, 17 is the Human body, 5 is the near-foot support foot, 4 is the pull-ring rotation axis, 13 is the pull-ring indicated by a dashed line). The person in FIG. 3 is in the state of resting on the stick, and the front of his right foot has stepped on the pull-ring pedal 14. The pull-ring pedal 14 is now the resistance point of the lever, and theanti-skid cover 1 of thefar foot support 16 It is the fulcrum point of the lever. The lower abdomen and thighs of the human body are leaning against the crutches. In the figure, F is the pushing direction, that is, the direction of force applied by the power point. At this time, the weight that originally needed to be supported by arm force or human leg joint support force is now It is supported by the force of the lower abdomen, thigh or knee on the crutches, so the joints feel relaxed. In this way, not only the supporting force of the limbs of the elderly is reduced, but also the weight of the crutches is used as a fixed force. Even if the center of gravity of the person is biased, the crutches will not fall through the action of leverage, thus making the four-legged crutches safer and labor-saving.

图4是把图1杠杆式四脚拐杖实施例中的动态拉力器部分变为固定拉力器的情况。图中1是防滑套，5是近脚撑脚，11是加强圈，6是杖杆，13是拉环，14是拉环踏板，15是地面。图4中的拉环13固定在下垂状态，防滑套1和近脚撑脚5固连在一起的，因此防滑套1这时也可以看作是固接在踏脚板14下面的防滑橡胶。图4中表示拉环踏板14平时和地之间有10mm的间距，通过实践证明该间距可以使拐杖在比较平的地面上使用时拉环踏板14不触及地面。当人需停杖休息时，人鞋踩在拉杆踏板14上，这时人的体重是通过鞋足踩在拉环踏板14上，经防滑套1后由地面15承重。FIG. 4 is a situation in which the dynamic tensioner part in the embodiment of the lever-type four-legged crutch of FIG. 1 is changed into a fixed tensioner. In the figure, 1 is the anti-skid cover, 5 is the near foot support, 11 is the reinforcement ring, 6 is the pole, 13 is the pull ring, 14 is the pull ring pedal, and 15 is the ground. Thepull ring 13 in FIG. 4 is fixed in a sagging state, and theanti-skid cover 1 and thenear foot support 5 are fixed together, so theanti-skid cover 1 can also be regarded as the anti-skid rubber fixed under thefootboard 14 at this time. 4 shows that there is a distance of 10 mm between thepull tab pedal 14 and the ground at ordinary times. It has been proved by practice that this distance can prevent thepull tab pedal 14 from touching the ground when the crutch is used on a relatively flat ground. When a person needs to stop and rest, the person's shoes step on thelever pedal 14 . At this time, the person's weight is stepped on thepull ring pedal 14 through the shoes and feet, and is supported by theground 15 after passing through theanti-skid cover 1 .

Claims (1)

1. A method for making four-foot walking stick use safer and more labor-saving includes a walking stick composed of a handle, a stick rod with an adjusting hole, a fastener and four supporting feet with an antiskid sleeve, wherein the upper ends of the four supporting feet are connected with the stick rod, a reinforcing ring is connected with the middle upper parts of the four stainless steel supporting feet, the lower space height of the reinforcing ring is larger than the height of a human shoe, the front half part of a human shoe can enter between the two supporting feet near one side of the human foot, the width between the two supporting feet near the foot is enough to enable the shoe foot to freely enter and exit, a pulling device is connected between the two supporting feet near the foot, the pulling device and the handle of the four-foot walking stick, the stick rod, the two supporting feet with the adjusting hole, the fastener and the four supporting feet with the antiskid sleeve form a lever type four-foot walking stick, the two supporting feet at one side of the far foot are used as the fulcrum of the lever, the handle of the walking stick and the stick rod are used as the power, the method is characterized in that: the stability of the crutch is realized by overcoming the external thrust of the lever power point by the self gravity of a human body after the human body steps on the lever resistance point.

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