技术领域technical field
本发明涉及增强现实技术领域，具体地，涉及一种增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置，尤其涉及一种能够同时让戴眼镜与不戴眼镜人群都看清现实场景和虚拟显示场景的、增强现实与眼镜结合的光学系统。The present invention relates to the technical field of augmented reality, in particular, to a projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses, and in particular, to an augmented reality scene and a virtual display scene that can be seen clearly by both people wearing glasses and those without glasses at the same time. Optical system that combines reality and glasses.
背景技术Background technique
近几年，消费电子得到了蓬勃的发展，在智能手机之后，虚拟现实(virtualreality，VR)和增强现实(augmented reality，AR)得到快速发展，并且很多消费者追逐相关的各种概念产品作为体验新技术的尝试，头戴式显示器(HMD)之类的显示设备可实现通过简单的穿戴获得增强现实(AR)体验或虚拟现实(VR)体验，在航空、工程、科学、医疗、游戏、视频、体育、训练和仿真等领域有着广泛的应用。In recent years, consumer electronics have developed vigorously. After smartphones, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have developed rapidly, and many consumers are chasing various related concept products as experience. Attempts of new technologies, display devices such as head-mounted displays (HMD) can realize augmented reality (AR) experience or virtual reality (VR) experience through simple wear, in aviation, engineering, science, medical, gaming, video , sports, training and simulation and other fields have a wide range of applications.
在通过HMD来实现AR体验的方式中，眼镜类的模式因为类似近视眼镜或者远视眼镜，既时尚又轻便，从而受到了广泛的追捧。例如，谷歌公司推出的Google Glass，微软公司推出的Hololens概念型产品，爱普生公司推出的BT-300；又如专利文献CN109116558A公开的一种增强现实眼镜。但是近视眼和远视眼人群必须要佩戴相应的近视眼镜片或远视镜片才可以看清楚外界现实场景，因而，对于眼镜类的AR显示体验来说，减掉眼镜片实现轻量化、方便舒适化是普及应用之必须。Among the ways to achieve AR experience through HMD, glasses-like models are widely sought after because they are fashionable and lightweight, similar to glasses for short-sightedness or long-sightedness. For example, Google Glass launched by Google, Hololens concept product launched by Microsoft, BT-300 launched by Epson; another example is an augmented reality glasses disclosed in patent document CN109116558A. However, people with nearsightedness and farsightedness must wear the corresponding glasses for myopia or farsightedness to be able to see the outside world clearly. Therefore, for the AR display experience of glasses, it is necessary to reduce the weight of glasses to achieve lightweight, convenience and comfort. A must for widespread application.
为了实现超薄光学透射式的AR显示方案，引入了自由曲面棱镜元件的设计，利用折反光路加补偿棱镜的方式实现了光学透射式的AR，但鉴于自由曲面棱镜达成曲率的需要，在达到良好视觉体验的情况下，这种方案的光学系统的厚度不能做到非常轻薄，限制了眼镜类AR显示的进一步轻薄化；而另外一些设计则使用平面光波导方案，利用光线在平面波导元件内的全内反射有效降低了光学元件的厚度，但平面波导元件并不能提供光焦度，需要配合投影系统使用才能获得合理的目视显示尺寸，如果匹配程度不佳，则佩戴者出瞳位置的光线分布容易出现明显的不均匀甚至不连续，影响用户视觉体验。In order to realize the ultra-thin optical transmissive AR display scheme, the design of free-form surface prism elements is introduced, and the optical transmissive AR is realized by means of a catadioptric light circuit and a compensation prism. In the case of a good visual experience, the thickness of the optical system of this scheme cannot be very thin, which limits the further thinning of glasses-like AR displays; while other designs use a planar optical waveguide scheme, which uses light in the planar waveguide element. The total internal reflection effectively reduces the thickness of the optical element, but the planar waveguide element cannot provide optical power. It needs to be used with the projection system to obtain a reasonable visual display size. If the matching degree is not good, the wearer's exit pupil position The light distribution is prone to obvious unevenness or even discontinuity, which affects the user's visual experience.
因此，提供一种新型的、增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置具有较高的实用价值和意义。Therefore, it is of high practical value and significance to provide a new type of projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置。In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses.
根据本发明提供的一种增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置，包括显示部、增强现实部以及视度眼镜部；A projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses provided according to the present invention includes a display part, an augmented reality part and a diopter glasses part;
所述显示部能够输出设定的图像信息；The display part can output the set image information;
所述增强现实部能够将显示部输出的图像信息经过光波导和/或自由曲面光学元件传输至观测者；The augmented reality part can transmit the image information output by the display part to the observer through the optical waveguide and/or the free-form surface optical element;
所述视度眼镜部能够将外界景象传输至观测者，并且视度眼镜部的光路与增强现实部的光路全部或者部分重合。The diopter glasses part can transmit the external scene to the observer, and the optical path of the diopter glasses part and the optical path of the augmented reality part completely or partially overlap.
优选地，所述增强现实部包括第二光学元件；所述视度眼镜部包括第一光学元件；Preferably, the augmented reality part includes a second optical element; the diopter glasses part includes a first optical element;
所述第二光学元件设置在显示部到观测者的光路上，即设置在显示部输出的图像信息的传输路径上；The second optical element is arranged on the optical path from the display part to the observer, that is, arranged on the transmission path of the image information output by the display part;
所述外界景象依次经过第一光学元件和第二光学元件传输至观测者。The external scene is transmitted to the observer through the first optical element and the second optical element in sequence.
优选地，所述增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置还包括透镜组件；Preferably, the projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses further comprises a lens assembly;
所述透镜组件包括第二透镜和第一透镜；the lens assembly includes a second lens and a first lens;
所述第二透镜和第一透镜均设置在显示部至观测者间的光路上，即第二透镜和第一透镜均设置在图像信息的传输路径上；The second lens and the first lens are both arranged on the optical path between the display part and the observer, that is, the second lens and the first lens are both arranged on the transmission path of the image information;
所述图像信息能够通过第二透镜和第一透镜修正像差；所述相差包括第二光学元件和/或第一光学元件产生的像差。The image information can correct aberrations through the second lens and the first lens; the aberrations include aberrations generated by the second optical element and/or the first optical element.
优选地，所述第一透镜包括矩形正透镜；所述第二透镜包括矩形负透镜；Preferably, the first lens comprises a rectangular positive lens; the second lens comprises a rectangular negative lens;
所述第一透镜包括一个球面和一个非球面；所述第二透镜包括一个球面和一个非球面；The first lens includes a spherical surface and an aspherical surface; the second lens includes a spherical surface and an aspherical surface;
所述第二光学元件包括一个或多个自由曲面；所述第一光学元件包括倾斜的自由曲面；第二光学元件的一个自由曲面和第一光学元件的倾斜自由曲面相连，且相连处设置有半反半透膜。The second optical element includes one or more free-form surfaces; the first optical element includes an inclined free-form surface; a free-form surface of the second optical element is connected to the inclined free-form surface of the first optical element, and the connection is provided with a free-form surface. Semi-reverse semi-permeable membrane.
优选地，所述第二光学元件包括带有曲率的圆弧面；所述第一光学元件包括焦距矫正面；所述焦距矫正面能够以设定的折射率折射外界景象的光线，并将折射后的外界景象的光线输出至观测者。Preferably, the second optical element includes an arc surface with curvature; the first optical element includes a focal length correction surface; the focal length correction surface can refract the light of the external scene with a set refractive index, and will The light of the external scene behind is output to the observer.
优选地，所述第二光学元件能够放大显示部输出的图像信息，并将放大后的图像信息平行输出至观测者。Preferably, the second optical element can amplify the image information output by the display unit, and output the enlarged image information to the observer in parallel.
优选地，所述第二光学元件包括三个自由曲面，所述自由曲面包括变形非球面、多项式曲面、双二次曲面以及泽尼克多项式曲面中的任一种或任多种组合。Preferably, the second optical element includes three free-form surfaces, and the free-form surfaces include any one or any combination of deformed aspheric surfaces, polynomial surfaces, biquad surfaces, and Zernike polynomial surfaces.
优选地，所述第一光学元件和第二光学元件均为自由曲面棱镜；所述第二透镜和第一透镜均为非球面透镜。Preferably, the first optical element and the second optical element are both free-form prisms; the second lens and the first lens are both aspherical lenses.
优选地，所述观测者的水平视场角与垂直视场角的正切比为16：9或者4：3。Preferably, the tangent ratio of the horizontal viewing angle of the observer to the vertical viewing angle is 16:9 or 4:3.
优选地，所述外界景象经过焦距矫正面修正后，能够以设定的焦距和/或强度传输至观测者。Preferably, after the external scene is corrected by the focal length correction surface, it can be transmitted to the observer with a set focal length and/or intensity.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明提供的增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置，结构简单紧凑，具有体积小、重量轻以及光学成像质量高的优点；1. The projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses provided by the present invention has a simple and compact structure, and has the advantages of small size, light weight and high optical imaging quality;
2、本发明提供的增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置，由于透镜组透镜少、棱镜厚度小，相比于传统的透镜式结构具有加工要求较低、佩戴舒适的优点，尤其是对于近视、远视的使用者，免去了额外佩戴眼镜的问题。2. The projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses provided by the present invention has the advantages of lower processing requirements and comfortable wearing compared with the traditional lens structure due to the few lenses in the lens group and the small thickness of the prism, especially for myopia, For hyperopia users, there is no need to wear extra glasses.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
图1为本发明提供的增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置优选例的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred example of a projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses provided by the present invention;
图2为本发明提供的增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置优选例的部分光路示意图；2 is a schematic partial light path diagram of a preferred example of a projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses provided by the present invention;
图3为本发明提供的增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置优选例的场曲特性曲线示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of a field curvature characteristic curve of a preferred example of a projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses provided by the present invention;
图4为本发明提供的增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置优选例的畸变特性曲线示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of a distortion characteristic curve of a preferred example of a projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses provided by the present invention;
图5为为本发明提供的增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置优选例的调制传递函数特性曲线MTF。FIG. 5 is a modulation transfer function characteristic curve MTF of a preferred example of the projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses provided by the present invention.
图中示出：The figure shows:
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
根据本发明提供的一种增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置，包括显示部5、增强现实部以及视度眼镜部120；所述显示部5能够输出设定的图像信息；所述增强现实部能够将显示部5输出的图像信息经过光波导和/或自由曲面光学元件传输至观测者140；所述视度眼镜部120能够将外界景象130传输至观测者140，并且视度眼镜部120的光路与增强现实部的光路全部或者部分重合。A projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses provided according to the present invention includes a display part 5, an augmented reality part and a diopter glasses part 120; the display part 5 can output set image information; the augmented reality part The image information output by the display part 5 can be transmitted to the observer 140 through the optical waveguide and/or the free-form surface optical element; The optical path completely or partially overlaps the optical path of the augmented reality unit.
优选地，所述增强现实部包括第二光学元件2；所述视度眼镜部120包括第一光学元件1；所述第二光学元件2设置在显示部5到观测者140的光路上，即设置在显示部5输出的图像信息的传输路径上；所述外界景象130依次经过第一光学元件1和第二光学元件2传输至观测者140。所述增强现实与眼镜结合的投影光学装置还包括透镜组件110；所述透镜组件110包括第二透镜3和第一透镜4；所述第二透镜3和第一透镜4均设置在显示部5至观测者140间的光路上，即第二透镜3和第一透镜4均设置在图像信息的传输路径上；所述图像信息能够通过第二透镜3和第一透镜4修正像差；所述相差包括第二光学元件2和/或第一光学元件1产生的像差。Preferably, the augmented reality part includes a second optical element 2; the diopter glasses part 120 includes a first optical element 1; the second optical element 2 is arranged on the optical path from the display part 5 to the observer 140, namely It is arranged on the transmission path of the image information output by the display unit 5 ; the external scene 130 is transmitted to the observer 140 through the first optical element 1 and the second optical element 2 in sequence. The projection optical device combining augmented reality and glasses further includes a lens assembly 110; the lens assembly 110 includes a second lens 3 and a first lens 4; both the second lens 3 and the first lens 4 are disposed on the display part 5 On the optical path to the observer 140, that is, the second lens 3 and the first lens 4 are both arranged on the transmission path of the image information; the image information can be corrected by the second lens 3 and the first lens 4 aberrations; the The aberration includes aberrations produced by the second optical element 2 and/or the first optical element 1 .
具体地，所述第一透镜4包括矩形正透镜，其中矩形正透镜即由传统圆形正透镜切割去四条边形成；所述第二透镜3包括矩形负透镜，其中矩形负透镜即由传统圆形负透镜切割去四条边形成；所述第一透镜4包括一个球面和一个非球面；所述第二透镜3包括一个球面和一个非球面；所述第二光学元件2包括一个或多个自由曲面；所述第一光学元件1包括倾斜的自由曲面；第二光学元件2的一个自由曲面和第一光学元件1的倾斜自由曲面相连，且相连处设置有半反半透膜。优选地，所述第二光学元件2包括带有曲率的圆弧面；所述第一光学元件1包括焦距矫正面；所述焦距矫正面能够以设定的折射率折射外界景象140的光线，并将折射后的外界景象140的光线输出至观测者140。所述第二光学元件2能够放大显示部5输出的图像信息，并将放大后的图像信息平行输出至观测者140。所述第二光学元件2包括三个自由曲面，所述自由曲面包括变形非球面、多项式曲面、双二次曲面以及泽尼克多项式曲面中的任一种或任多种组合。所述第一光学元件1和第二光学元件2均为自由曲面棱镜；所述第二透镜3和第一透镜4均为非球面透镜。所述观测者140的水平视场角与垂直视场角的正切比为16：9或者4：3。所述外界景象130经过焦距矫正面修正后，能够以设定的焦距和/或强度传输至观测者140。Specifically, the first lens 4 includes a rectangular positive lens, wherein the rectangular positive lens is formed by cutting four sides of a traditional circular positive lens; the second lens 3 includes a rectangular negative lens, wherein the rectangular negative lens is formed by a traditional circular positive lens The first lens 4 includes a spherical surface and an aspherical surface; the second lens 3 includes a spherical surface and an aspherical surface; the second optical element 2 includes one or more free Curved surface; the first optical element 1 includes an inclined free-form surface; a free-form surface of the second optical element 2 is connected with the inclined free-form surface of the first optical element 1, and a semi-reflective and semi-transparent film is arranged at the connection. Preferably, the second optical element 2 includes a circular arc surface with curvature; the first optical element 1 includes a focal length correction surface; the focal length correction surface can refract the light of the external scene 140 with a set refractive index, The refracted light of the external scene 140 is output to the observer 140 . The second optical element 2 can enlarge the image information output by the display unit 5 and output the enlarged image information to the observer 140 in parallel. The second optical element 2 includes three free-form surfaces, and the free-form surfaces include any one or any combination of deformed aspheric surfaces, polynomial surfaces, biquad surfaces, and Zernike polynomial surfaces. The first optical element 1 and the second optical element 2 are both free-form prisms; the second lens 3 and the first lens 4 are both aspherical lenses. The tangent ratio of the horizontal field of view to the vertical field of view of the observer 140 is 16:9 or 4:3. After the external scene 130 is corrected by the focal length correction surface, it can be transmitted to the observer 140 with a set focal length and/or intensity.
进一步地，本发明的优选例涉及一种与眼镜片相结合的增强现实光学系统，包括视度眼镜部120和增强现实光学系统部分。视度眼镜部120包括两个表面，其中一个表面固定弯度与增强现实光学系统共用，另外一个表面的曲率可调节，通过调节曲率，可以得到不同度数的近视和远视镜片。增强现实光学系统部分包括六个球面、两个非球面和三个自由曲面组成，其中的第一个球面与眼镜片第一个固定弯度面共用。通过眼镜片与增强现实光学系统的叠加，可以同时实现眼镜的功能和增强现实显示的功能。本发明的优选例在利用平面波导元件的基础上，加入了自由曲面，并且采用和近视镜片相结合的方案，使AR光学系统做到了轻薄化和便利化，解决了目前AR眼镜需要使用者佩戴眼镜的问题。Further, a preferred example of the present invention relates to an augmented reality optical system combined with a spectacle lens, including a diopter glasses part 120 and an augmented reality optical system part. The diopter glasses portion 120 includes two surfaces, one of which has a fixed curvature and is shared with the augmented reality optical system, and the other surface has an adjustable curvature. By adjusting the curvature, lenses of different degrees of nearsightedness and farsightedness can be obtained. The augmented reality optical system part consists of six spherical surfaces, two aspherical surfaces and three free-form surfaces, and the first spherical surface is shared with the first fixed curvature surface of the spectacle lens. Through the superposition of the spectacle lenses and the augmented reality optical system, the function of the glasses and the function of the augmented reality display can be realized at the same time. The preferred example of the present invention adds a free-form surface on the basis of using a planar waveguide element, and adopts a solution combined with a myopic lens to make the AR optical system light, thin and convenient, and solves the problem that the current AR glasses need users to wear glasses problem.
本发明优选例提供的一种增强现实与眼镜结合的光学系统，包括：An optical system combining augmented reality and glasses provided by a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:
增强现实部，所述增强现实部用来把显示元件上的图像经过光波导和自由曲面配置传输到人眼视网膜上；an augmented reality part, the augmented reality part is used to transmit the image on the display element to the retina of the human eye through the configuration of the optical waveguide and the free-form surface;
视度眼镜部120，所述视度眼镜部包括两个表面，其中一个表面与增强现实部重合，另外一个表面为焦距矫正表面，用来形成不同度数的眼镜。The diopter glasses part 120 includes two surfaces, one of which is coincident with the augmented reality part, and the other surface is a focal length correction surface, which is used to form glasses of different degrees.
本发明的优选例还包括透镜组件110，所述增强现实部包括第二光学元件2和第一光学元件1，所述图像信息的光经由所述透镜组件110引导，然后经过第二光学元件2的放大和第二光学元件2的光波导传输，然后经过反射进入所述观测者140的眼睛，所述外界景象130经第一光学元件1用于焦距矫正的第一光学元件第一表面11和第二光学元件2的第二光学元件第六表面26透射进入所述观测者的眼睛。所述透镜组件110包括第一透镜4和第二透镜3，第一透镜4和第二透镜3被配置成矫正第二光学元件2放大图像产生的像差。第一透镜4为矩形正透镜，第一透镜4的第一面为非球面、第二面为球面；第二透镜3为矩形负透镜，第二透镜3的第一面为非球面、第二面为球面；第二光学元件2包括一个或多个自由曲面；第一光学元件1包括倾斜面，所述倾斜面为自由曲面，第一光学元件1的所述自由曲面镀有半反半透膜并且与第二光学元件2中其中一个自由曲面胶合形成所述合成面。所述第二光学元件2的第二光学元件第六表面26为带有曲率的圆弧面；所述第一光学元件1的第一光学元件第一表面11为焦距矫正面，通过第一光学元件第一表面11的矫正，可以生成类似各种度数的眼镜片的棱镜。第二光学元件2为主功能放大棱镜，第二光学元件2把所述显示部5生成的图像信息放大调整为平行光进入所述观测者140的眼睛。第二光学元件2包括三个自由曲面，第二光学元件2的三个自由曲面的面型为以下之一：变形非球面、多项式曲面、双二次曲面或者泽尼克曲面等。所述第二光学元件第六表面26为一固定曲率的圆弧面、非球面或者自由曲面，第一光学元件第一表面11为焦距矫正曲面，和第二光学元件第六表面26配合形成各种度数的近视或者远视镜片。不管是近视眼还是远视眼还是正常眼，都可以通过本发明的优选例看清AR显示的虚拟图像和外界的现实景象。同时，本发明的优选例还能够减小体积、减轻重量，提高佩戴的舒适性和便利性。The preferred example of the present invention further includes a lens assembly 110 , the augmented reality part includes a second optical element 2 and a first optical element 1 , the light of the image information is guided through the lens assembly 110 and then passes through the second optical element 2 The magnification and transmission of the optical waveguide of the second optical element 2, and then through reflection into the eye of the observer 140, the outside scene 130 is passed through the first optical element 1 for focus correction on the first surface 11 of the first optical element and The second optical element sixth surface 26 of the second optical element 2 transmits into the observer's eye. The lens assembly 110 includes a first lens 4 and a second lens 3 configured to correct aberrations generated by the enlarged image of the second optical element 2 . The first lens 4 is a rectangular positive lens, the first surface of the first lens 4 is an aspherical surface, and the second surface is a spherical surface; the second lens 3 is a rectangular negative lens, the first surface of the second lens 3 is aspherical, and the second surface is a spherical surface. The surface is a spherical surface; the second optical element 2 includes one or more free-form surfaces; the first optical element 1 includes an inclined surface, the inclined surface is a free-form surface, and the free-form surface of the first optical element 1 is coated with a transflective and translucent surface. film and glued with one of the free-form surfaces of the second optical element 2 to form the composite surface. The sixth surface 26 of the second optical element of the second optical element 2 is a circular arc surface with curvature; the first surface 11 of the first optical element of the first optical element 1 is a focal length correction surface, and through the first optical element Correction of the first surface 11 of the element can create prisms similar to ophthalmic lenses of various powers. The second optical element 2 is a main function magnifying prism, and the second optical element 2 enlarges and adjusts the image information generated by the display unit 5 so that parallel light enters the eyes of the observer 140 . The second optical element 2 includes three free-form curved surfaces, and the surface types of the three free-form curved surfaces of the second optical element 2 are one of the following: deformed aspheric surface, polynomial curved surface, biquad surface or Zernike curved surface. The sixth surface 26 of the second optical element is a circular arc surface, aspherical surface or free-form surface with a fixed curvature, the first surface 11 of the first optical element is a focal length correction curved surface, and cooperates with the sixth surface 26 of the second optical element to form each Various degrees of nearsighted or farsighted lenses. Regardless of whether it is myopia, hyperopia or normal eyes, through the preferred example of the present invention, the virtual image displayed by the AR and the external reality can be clearly seen. At the same time, the preferred example of the present invention can also reduce the volume and weight, and improve the comfort and convenience of wearing.
所述图像产生元件为自发光式硅基液晶显示像元，像面边缘出射光线与像面法线的夹角θ的范围在±10°≤θ≤150°。所述第二光学元件2的第二光学元件第六表面26为圆弧曲率面；所述第二光学元件2的第二光学元件第六表面26的圆弧曲率为定值。所述第一光学元件1的第一光学元件第一表面11为圆弧曲率面；所述第一光学元件1的第一光学元件第一表面11的圆弧曲率面为变化的值，它的值由眼镜的度数和第二光学元件2的第二光学元件第六表面26的曲率决定的。The image generating element is a self-luminous silicon-based liquid crystal display pixel, and the angle θ between the light emitted from the edge of the image plane and the normal line of the image plane is in the range of ±10°≤θ≤150°. The sixth surface 26 of the second optical element of the second optical element 2 is an arc curvature surface; the arc curvature of the sixth surface 26 of the second optical element of the second optical element 2 is a constant value. The first surface 11 of the first optical element of the first optical element 1 is an arc curvature surface; the arc curvature surface of the first surface 11 of the first optical element of the first optical element 1 is a variable value, and its The value is determined by the power of the glasses and the curvature of the second optical element sixth surface 26 of the second optical element 2 .
传统透镜式结构多为旋转对称的目镜结构，虽然光学性能可以接近衍射极限并能够在一定程度上校正畸变，但是多组透镜的结构复杂，装调和加工要求精度高，体积重量也很大，长时间佩戴会引起颈部疲劳，而且近视眼和远视眼人群还需要佩戴眼镜。相比于传统透镜式或自由曲面/折衍混合结构，本申请优选例提供的增强现实与眼镜片结合的光学投影系统成像质量高，并且结构简单，体积小、重量轻，佩戴舒适。The traditional lens structure is mostly rotationally symmetrical eyepiece structure. Although the optical performance can be close to the diffraction limit and can correct the distortion to a certain extent, the structure of multiple groups of lenses is complex, the assembly and processing require high precision, and the volume and weight are also large and long. Wearing it over time can cause neck fatigue, and people with nearsightedness and farsightedness also need to wear glasses. Compared with the traditional lens type or free-form surface/refractive-diffraction hybrid structure, the optical projection system combining augmented reality and spectacle lenses provided by the preferred example of the present application has high imaging quality, simple structure, small size, light weight, and comfortable wearing.
本申请优选例的光学投影技术可广泛应用于娱乐、模拟仿真训练、外科手术等虚拟现实技术的各个领域。The optical projection technology of the preferred example of the present application can be widely used in various fields of virtual reality technology such as entertainment, simulation training, and surgery.
更进一步地，如图1至图5所示，增强现实与眼镜结合光学系统是一个图像放大系统，图像产生元件所产生的影像藉由光学系统放大，在人眼前一定距离处呈现一个放大的虚像，使用户可以完全沉浸在虚拟的情境之中，也可以与现实相结合，形成一种拓展现实场景，近视眼和远视眼借由次光学系统都能同时看清虚拟图像和外界景象。Further, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, the augmented reality and glasses combined with the optical system is an image magnification system, and the image generated by the image generating element is magnified by the optical system to present an enlarged virtual image at a certain distance in front of the human eye. , so that users can be completely immersed in the virtual situation, and can also be combined with reality to form an extended reality scene. Both myopia and hyperopia can see the virtual image and the outside world at the same time through the secondary optical system.
请参见图1，本发明优选例的增强现实与眼镜结合光学系统可以包括显示部5，透镜组件110，眼镜部120。显示部5被配置成生成图像信息，举例而言，显示部5可以是像元，例如硅基液晶显示元件(Lcos)。显示部5的图像信息的光，经由透镜组件110和第二光学元件2的放大和光波导传输以供观测者140观看。透镜组件110可以包括第一透镜4和第二透镜3。其中第一光学元件1的第一光学元件第四表面1a为自由曲面，第一光学元件1的第一光学元件第一表面11为眼镜度数矫正曲面，第一光学元件1的其余表面，即第一光学元件第二表面12和第一光学元件第三表面13为平面；第二光学元件2的三个表面，即第二光学元件第七表面2a、第二光学元件第八表面2b以及第二光学元件第九表面2c均为自由曲面，第二光学元件2的第二光学元件第六表面26为带有弧度的曲率面，用来和第一光学元件1的第一光学元件第一表面11配合形成各种度数的眼镜片，第二光学元件2的其余表面，即第二光学元件第一表面21、第二光学元件第二表面22、第二光学元件第三表面23、第二光学元件第四表面24以及第二光学元件第五表面25都为平面。Referring to FIG. 1 , the optical system for combining augmented reality and glasses according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention may include a display part 5 , a lens assembly 110 , and a glasses part 120 . The display portion 5 is configured to generate image information, for example, the display portion 5 may be a picture element, such as a liquid crystal display element on silicon (Lcos). The light of the image information of the display portion 5 is transmitted through the magnification and optical waveguide of the lens assembly 110 and the second optical element 2 for viewing by the observer 140 . The lens assembly 110 may include a first lens 4 and a second lens 3 . The fourth surface 1a of the first optical element of the first optical element 1 is a free-form surface, the first surface 11 of the first optical element of the first optical element 1 is a curved surface for correction of glasses power, and the remaining surfaces of the first optical element 1, namely the first The second surface 12 of an optical element and the third surface 13 of the first optical element are planes; the three surfaces of the second optical element 2 are the seventh surface 2a of the second optical element, the eighth surface 2b of the second optical element and the second The ninth surface 2c of the optical element is a free-form surface, and the sixth surface 26 of the second optical element of the second optical element 2 is a curvature surface with a radian, which is used to communicate with the first surface 11 of the first optical element of the first optical element 1. The remaining surfaces of the second optical element 2, namely the first surface 21 of the second optical element, the second surface 22 of the second optical element, the third surface 23 of the second optical element, and the second optical element Both the fourth surface 24 and the fifth surface 25 of the second optical element are flat.
观测部140包括用户的眼睛，即人眼或入瞳。表示图像信息的光经由透镜组件110引导，然后经过第二光学元件2的放大和第一光学元件1的反射进入用户的眼睛，外界景象130经第二光学元件2的第二光学元件第六表面26和第一光学元件1的第一光学元件第一表面11矫正后透射进入用户的眼睛，形成清晰的图像。第一透镜4和第二透镜3被配置成矫正第二光学元件2放大图像产生的像差。第二光学元件2为主功能放大棱镜，第二光学元件2把图像生成元件生成的图像信息放大调整为平行光进入用户的眼睛。竖直方向最大视场上边缘光线与第二自由曲面的表面两次相交时的入射角关系应满足以下关系式：The observation part 140 includes the user's eye, that is, the human eye or the entrance pupil. The light representing the image information is guided through the lens assembly 110, and then enters the user's eyes through the magnification of the second optical element 2 and the reflection of the first optical element 1, and the external scene 130 passes through the sixth surface of the second optical element of the second optical element 2 26 and the first surface 11 of the first optical element 1 of the first optical element 1 are corrected and transmitted into the user's eyes to form a clear image. The first lens 4 and the second lens 3 are configured to correct aberrations generated by the second optical element 2 to enlarge the image. The second optical element 2 is a main function magnifying prism, and the second optical element 2 amplifies and adjusts the image information generated by the image generating element so that parallel light enters the user's eyes. The incident angle relationship when the edge ray on the maximum field of view in the vertical direction intersects the surface of the second free-form surface twice should satisfy the following relationship:
其中，如图2所示，θ1为竖直方向最大视场上边缘光线从所述图像生成元件发出第三、四、五次经过第二光学元件2边缘时的入射角，θ2为竖直方向最大视场上边缘光线第一次和最后一次经过第二光学元件2时的入射角，n′值为材料的折射率。Wherein, as shown in FIG. 2 , θ1 is the incident angle when the upper edge ray of the maximum field of view in the vertical direction is emitted from the image generating element for the third, fourth and fifth times and passes through the edge of the second optical element 2 , and θ2 is the vertical The incident angle of the edge light on the maximum field of view in the straight direction when it passes through the second optical element 2 for the first time and the last time, and n' is the refractive index of the material.
由物侧至人眼侧，可增强现实与眼镜结合光学系统包括：Lcos构成的显示部5、第一透镜4、第二透镜3、第二光学元件2、第一光学元件1。一面像元(见图1)产生图像，图像的光依次经过第一透镜和第二透镜的像差矫正，然后经过第二光学元件的放大和第二自由曲面的反射进入的入瞳即人眼，光学系统光路图如图2所示。From the object side to the human eye side, the optical system that can combine augmented reality and glasses includes: a display part 5 composed of Lcos, a first lens 4 , a second lens 3 , a second optical element 2 , and a first optical element 1 . One side pixel (see Figure 1) generates an image, and the light of the image is corrected by the aberrations of the first lens and the second lens in turn, and then the entrance pupil that enters the human eye through the enlargement of the second optical element and the reflection of the second free-form surface is the human eye. , the optical path diagram of the optical system is shown in Figure 2.
与第二光学元件2相连的自由曲面，即第一光学元件第四表面1a为外界景象和虚拟图像合成面，此面镀有半反半透膜，外界景象130和虚拟图像合成后经过此面进入人眼。第一光学元件1和第二光学元件2的面型可以为以下三种面型中的一种：变形非球面、复曲面XY多项式曲面、以及双二次曲面。The free-form surface connected to the second optical element 2, that is, the fourth surface 1a of the first optical element is the surface for combining the external scene and the virtual image, and this surface is coated with a transflective film. into the human eye. The surface shape of the first optical element 1 and the second optical element 2 may be one of the following three surface shapes: deformed aspheric surface, toric XY polynomial surface, and biquad.
a、变形非球面a. Deformed aspheric surface
所述变形非球面满足如下第一方程：The deformed aspheric surface satisfies the following first equation:
其中，Cx是曲面在X-Z平面内X方向的曲率半径；Cy是曲面在Y-Z平面内Y方向的曲率半径，Kx是曲面X方向的二次曲线系数，Ky是曲面Y方向的二次曲线系数，Ai是4，6，8，10，…2n阶非球面系数，关于Z轴旋转对称；Pi是4，6，8，10，…2n阶非旋转对称系数。x、y分别代表X轴、Y轴方向上的坐标值；Y轴和Z轴的方向表示见图2所示，X轴、Y轴以及Z轴满足右手坐标系；参数均在实数范围。Among them, Cx is the curvature radius of the surface in the X direction in the XZ plane; Cy is the curvature radius of the surface in the Y direction in the YZ plane, Kx is the quadratic curve coefficient in the X direction of the surface, and Ky is the surface Y direction of the surface. Secondary curve coefficient, Ai is the 4, 6, 8, 10, . x and y represent the coordinate values in the X-axis and Y-axis directions respectively; the directions of the Y-axis and Z-axis are shown in Figure 2. The X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis satisfy the right-hand coordinate system; the parameters are all in the real number range.
B、复曲面XY多项式曲面B. Toric XY polynomial surface
所述复曲面XY多项式曲面(AXYP)满足如下第二方程：The toric XY polynomial surface (AXYP) satisfies the following second equation:
其中，cx、cy分别是曲面在子午方向、弧矢方向的顶点曲率半径，kx，ky分别是子午方向、弧矢方向的二次曲面系数，C(m，n)是多项式xmyn的系数，p为多项式的最高幂指数。x、y分别代表X轴、Y轴方向上的坐标值；Y轴和Z轴的方向表示见图2所示，X轴、Y轴以及Z轴满足右手坐标系；各参数均在实数范围。Among them, cx and cy are the curvature radii of the vertexes in the meridional and sagittal directions, respectively, kx andky are the quadratic surface coefficients in the meridional and sagittal directions, respectively, and C(m, n) is the polynomial x The coefficients ofm yn , where p is the exponent of the highest power of the polynomial. x and y represent the coordinate values in the X-axis and Y-axis directions respectively; the directions of the Y-axis and Z-axis are shown in Figure 2, and the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis satisfy the right-hand coordinate system; each parameter is in the real number range.
并且，子午方向、弧矢方向的定义如下：And, the definition of the meridional direction and the sagittal direction is as follows:
轴外物点的主光线与光学系统主轴所构成的平面，称为光学系统成像的子午面，沿子午面的方向为子午方向；与子午面垂直的面为弧矢面，沿弧矢面的方向为弧矢方向。The plane formed by the chief ray of the off-axis object point and the main axis of the optical system is called the meridian plane of the optical system imaging, and the direction along the meridian plane is the meridional direction; the plane perpendicular to the meridian plane is the sagittal plane, and the direction along the sagittal plane is Sagittal direction.
C、双二次曲面C. Biquad surface
在X和Y方向独立的二次非球面为双二次曲面。A quadric aspheric surface that is independent in the X and Y directions is a bicubic surface.
所述双二次曲面满足如下第三方程：The biquad surface satisfies the following third equation:
其中，in,
其中，第一参数Rx为设定的曲面在X轴方向上的半径值，当Rx＝0时，曲面在X轴方向上的半径值无穷大；第二参数kx为二次曲面系数；第三参数Ry为设定的曲面在Y轴方向上的半径值，当Ry＝0时，曲面在Y轴方向上的半径值无穷大；第四参数ky为二次曲面系数；Wherein, the first parameter Rxis the radius value of the set surface in the X-axis direction, when Rx= 0, the radius value of the surface in the X-axis direction is infinite; the second parameterkx is the quadratic surface coefficient; The third parameter Ry is the radius value of the set surface in the Y-axis direction. When Ry =0, the radius value of the surface in the Y-axis direction is infinite; the fourth parameterky is the quadratic surface coefficient;
所述第二透镜3和第一透镜4均为非球面透镜，其非球面的面型方程为如下第三方程：The second lens 3 and the first lens 4 are both aspherical lenses, and the aspherical surface equation is the following third equation:
其中，c为曲率半径，r为透镜上不同位置处的孔径，k为二次曲面系数。其它参数：第一参数α1、第二参数α2、第三参数α3、第四参数α4、第五参数α5、第六参数α6、第七参数α7、第八参数α8。各参数为实数范围。where c is the radius of curvature, r is the aperture at different positions on the lens, and k is the quadratic surface coefficient. Other parameters: first parameter α1 , second parameter α2 , third parameter α3 , fourth parameter α4 , fifth parameter α5 , sixth parameter α6 , seventh parameter α7 , eighth parameter α8 . Each parameter is a real number range.
第二光学元件2与第一光学元件1胶合，胶合面为第二光学元件的第一自由曲面2c，在第一光学元件的自由曲面1a上镀有半反半透膜。显示部可以是自发光式硅基液晶显示元件。如图1所示，像面出射角θ为像面边缘出射光线与像面法线的夹角，θ的范围在±10°≤θ≤150°。举例而言，像面出射角θ可以是±5°、或±10°。θ取±5°时视场小，获得的光照度高；θ取±10°时视场大，获得的光照度稍低。用户的眼睛的水平视场角为ω的范围在±10°≤ω≤±60°，举例而言，ω(见图1)可以取±7.5°。用户的眼睛的垂直视场角h的范围在±6°≤ω≤±40°，举例而言，h(ω的垂直方向)可以取±6°。水平视场角与垂直视场角的正切比值为16：9。用户的眼睛的入瞳η(见图1)的范围可以在3mm≤η≤8mm，举例而言，入瞳η可以为5mm。人眼入瞳到第一光学元件1的第一光学元件第三表面13的距离即入瞳距l范围在15mm≤l≤20mm，举例而言，入瞳距l为20mm。第二光学元件2的厚度，即第二光学元件第五表面25到第二光学元件第六表面26的水平距离为5mm。Lcos的像素可以为1280×720，有效尺寸可以为0.294英寸。第二光学元件2的第二光学元件第六表面26的曲率半径Rc为一定值，范围在10mm≤Rc≤100mm，举例来说，曲率半径Rc为20mm。第一光学元件1的第一光学元件第一表面11的曲率半径Rd是根据眼镜片的度数和第二光学元件2的第二光学元件第六表面26的曲率半径值Rc计算出来的，计算方式如下：根据眼镜片的度数φ，计算出眼镜片的焦距f，f的单位为m(米)，计算公式如下：The second optical element 2 is glued with the first optical element 1, and the glued surface is the first free curved surface 2c of the second optical element, and a semi-reflective and semi-transparent film is plated on the free curved surface 1a of the first optical element. The display portion may be a self-luminous liquid crystal-on-silicon display element. As shown in Figure 1, the image plane exit angle θ is the angle between the light emitted from the edge of the image plane and the normal line of the image plane, and the range of θ is ±10°≤θ≤150°. For example, the image plane exit angle θ may be ±5°, or ±10°. When θ is ±5°, the field of view is small, and the obtained illuminance is high; when θ is ±10°, the field of view is large, and the obtained illuminance is slightly lower. The horizontal field angle of the user's eye is in the range of ±10°≤ω≤±60°, for example, ω (see FIG. 1 ) can be ±7.5°. The range of the vertical field angle h of the user's eyes is ±6°≤ω≤±40°, for example, h (the vertical direction of ω) can be ±6°. The tangent ratio of the horizontal field of view to the vertical field of view is 16:9. The range of the entrance pupil η (see FIG. 1 ) of the user's eye may be 3mm≤η≤8mm, for example, the entrance pupil η may be 5mm. The distance from the entrance pupil of the human eye to the third surface 13 of the first optical element of the first optical element 1, that is, the entrance pupil distance l is in the range of 15mm≤l≤20mm, for example, the entrance pupil distance l is 20mm. The thickness of the second optical element 2 , that is, the horizontal distance from the fifth surface 25 of the second optical element to the sixth surface 26 of the second optical element is 5 mm. The pixels of Lcos can be 1280×720, and the effective size can be 0.294 inches. The radius of curvature Rc of the sixth surface 26 of the second optical element of the second optical element 2 is a certain value in the range of 10 mm≦Rc ≦100 mm, for example, the radius of curvature Rc is 20 mm. The radius of curvature Rd of the first surface 11 of the first optical element of the first optical element 1 is calculated according to the power of the spectacle lens and the value of the radius of curvature Rc of the sixth surface 26 of the second optical element of the second optical element 2, The calculation method is as follows: According to the degree φ of the spectacle lens, the focal length f of the spectacle lens is calculated, and the unit of f is m (meter), and the calculation formula is as follows:
然后根据透镜焦距计算公式：Then calculate the formula according to the focal length of the lens:
计算出Rd的值，即为第一光学元件1的第一光学元件第一表面11的曲率半径Rd的值。其中ｎ′为第二光学元件的折射率，ｄ为第一光学元件第一表面11到第二光学元件第六表面26的距离，单位为mm。第一光学元件1两个非直角的角度为30°和150°(即，第一光学元件第四表面1a与第一光学元件第一表面11的夹角为30°，第一光学元件第四表面1a与第一光学元件第三表面13的夹角为150°)。第二光学元件2的第二光学元件第四表面24和第二光学元件第五表面25的夹角为120°。胶合棱镜(即，第二光学元件2和第一光学元件1的胶合)的第一平行差为3′，第二平行差为5′。The calculated value of Rd is the value of the curvature radius Rd of the first surface 11 of the first optical element of the first optical element 1 . where n′ is the refractive index of the second optical element, d is the distance from the first surface 11 of the first optical element to the sixth surface 26 of the second optical element, and the unit is mm. The two non-right angles of the first optical element 1 are 30° and 150° (that is, the included angle between the fourth surface 1a of the first optical element and the first surface 11 of the first optical element is 30°, and the fourth The angle between the surface 1a and the third surface 13 of the first optical element is 150°). The angle between the fourth surface 24 of the second optical element and the fifth surface 25 of the second optical element 2 of the second optical element 2 is 120°. The first parallelism of the cemented prism (ie, the cementation of the second optical element 2 and the first optical element 1) is 3' and the second parallelism is 5'.
透镜组件110可作为像差矫正透镜。像差矫正透镜包括两片非球面透镜：第一透镜4和第二透镜3，其中第一透镜4为正透镜，第二透镜3为负透镜。Lens assembly 110 may function as an aberration correcting lens. The aberration correction lens includes two aspherical lenses: a first lens 4 and a second lens 3, wherein the first lens 4 is a positive lens, and the second lens 3 is a negative lens.
面光源产生的平行光经PBS棱镜(polarization beam splitter，偏振分光棱镜)后反射s偏振光进入Lcos，经过Lcos调制之后出射p偏振光的图像，再次进入PBS棱镜后进入第一透镜4后进入光学系统。人眼到Lcos的像面的光路总长度小于50mm。非球面透镜和棱镜的面型公差PV值小于等于1um，厚度公差为±0.03mm，偏心为±0.03mm，倾斜为±1′。The parallel light generated by the surface light source is reflected by the PBS prism (polarization beam splitter, polarizing beam splitter), and then the s-polarized light enters Lcos, and after being modulated by Lcos, the image of p-polarized light is emitted, and then enters the PBS prism again, enters the first lens 4, and then enters the optical system. system. The total length of the optical path from the human eye to the image plane of Lcos is less than 50mm. The PV value of the surface tolerance of aspheric lenses and prisms is less than or equal to 1um, the thickness tolerance is ±0.03mm, the eccentricity is ±0.03mm, and the inclination is ±1′.
第一透镜4、第二透镜3、第二光学元件2、第一光学元件1的厚度公差小于等于±0.02mm，倾斜、偏心公差小于等于±0.02mm，面型公差PV小于等于1微米，第一平行差小于等于3′，第二平行差小于等于5′，所述第二光学元件2的厚度小于等于5mm。The thickness tolerance of the first lens 4, the second lens 3, the second optical element 2, and the first optical element 1 is less than or equal to ±0.02mm, the inclination and eccentricity tolerances are less than or equal to ±0.02mm, and the surface tolerance PV is less than or equal to 1 micron. The first parallel difference is less than or equal to 3', the second parallel difference is less than or equal to 5', and the thickness of the second optical element 2 is less than or equal to 5 mm.
本申请的轻便型增强现实与眼镜结合光学系统结构简单紧凑，透镜组透镜少、棱镜厚度小而且体积小、重量轻、光学成像质量高。The light-weight augmented reality and glasses combined optical system of the present application has a simple and compact structure, few lens groups, small prism thickness, small size, light weight and high optical imaging quality.
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the indicated device. Or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present application.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essential content of the present invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily, provided that there is no conflict.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910075201.0ACN109656025A (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2019-01-25 | Projecting optical device of the augmented reality in conjunction with glasses |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910075201.0ACN109656025A (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2019-01-25 | Projecting optical device of the augmented reality in conjunction with glasses |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109656025Atrue CN109656025A (en) | 2019-04-19 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910075201.0APendingCN109656025A (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2019-01-25 | Projecting optical device of the augmented reality in conjunction with glasses |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN109656025A (en) |
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| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20190419 |