CN109646138B

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: CN109646138B
Application number: CN201910017123.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 牛海军; 李钱; 魏春艳; 孙悦
Original assignee: Beihang University
Current assignee: Beihang University
Priority date: 2019-01-08
Filing date: 2019-01-08
Publication date: 2020-09-18
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-08
Also published as: CN109646138A

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种可保持恒定力的牙周袋深度测量装置，包括：第一部分，用于在位移变化情况下保持力不变；第二部分，用于对位移变化进行激光测距。第一部分包括一个滑杆、两个滑杆支架、一个恒力弹簧以及恒力弹簧底座，滑杆纵截面为椭圆，滑杆靠近恒力弹簧的一端有一光滑凹陷；第二部分包括一个激光位移传感器、限位台柱、激光反射结构和专用外壳，激光位移传感器固定于专用外壳远离滑杆的一端的内壁上，限位台柱和激光反射结构固定于滑杆上。本发明采用的激光位移传感器精度高、体积小，配合恒力弹簧，可实现牙周袋深度的高精度稳定测量以及探诊压力恒定等功能，解决了传统手动探针精度低、探诊压力会发生变化和检查者视觉读数存在误差等问题。The invention discloses a periodontal pocket depth measuring device capable of maintaining a constant force, comprising: a first part for keeping the force unchanged under the condition of displacement change; and a second part for performing laser distance measurement on the displacement change. The first part includes a sliding bar, two sliding bar brackets, a constant force spring and a constant force spring base. The longitudinal section of the sliding bar is ellipse, and the end of the sliding bar near the constant force spring has a smooth depression; the second part includes a laser displacement sensor , Limiting column, laser reflection structure and special casing, the laser displacement sensor is fixed on the inner wall of the end of the special casing away from the sliding rod, and the limiting column and the laser reflecting structure are fixed on the sliding rod. The laser displacement sensor adopted in the present invention has high precision and small volume, and can realize the functions of high-precision and stable measurement of the depth of the periodontal pocket and constant probing pressure, etc. with the combination of the constant force spring, which solves the problem of the low precision of the traditional manual probe and the high probing pressure. Issues such as changes and errors in the inspector's visual readings.

Description

Translated fromChinese

可保持恒定力的牙周袋深度测量装置Periodontal pocket depth measurement device that maintains constant force

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种可保持恒定力的牙周袋深度测量装置。The present invention relates to a periodontal pocket depth measuring device capable of maintaining a constant force.

背景技术Background technique

牙周组织附着水平的探查是牙周疾病诊断的金标准。通过探诊获得整个牙列所有牙齿每个牙面有无牙周袋形成以及牙周袋深度(pocket depth，PD)的数值和分布，同时探查根分叉病变及探诊时有无牙龈出血等，从而辅助评估牙周支持组织的丧失情况和炎症状况。Exploring the level of periodontal tissue attachment is the gold standard for the diagnosis of periodontal disease. The value and distribution of periodontal pocket formation and pocket depth (PD) on each tooth surface of all teeth of the entire dentition were obtained by probing. , thereby assisting in the assessment of periodontal support tissue loss and inflammation.

目前，临床上最常用的牙周探诊方法，是用普通牙周刻度探针进行探测，医生的手指感觉到探针到达牙周袋底部的阻力时，通过牙周探针上面的刻度获得PD的读数，由另一位医护人员在一旁记录数据。该探诊方式存在探针精度低、探诊压力不恒定、检查者视觉读数存在误差、可能出现医护人员记录失误以及人力浪费等问题。At present, the most commonly used periodontal probing method in clinic is to use an ordinary periodontal scale probe for detection. When the doctor's finger feels the resistance of the probe reaching the bottom of the periodontal pocket, the PD can be obtained through the scale on the periodontal probe. readings, recorded by another healthcare worker. This probing method has problems such as low probe accuracy, unstable probing pressure, errors in the examiner's visual readings, possible recording errors by medical staff, and waste of manpower.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种可保持恒定力的牙周袋深度测量装置，其特征在于包括：According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a periodontal pocket depth measurement device capable of maintaining a constant force, characterized by comprising:

第一部分，用于在位移变化情况下保持力不变；The first part is used to keep the force constant in the case of displacement changes;

第二部分，用于对位移变化进行激光测距，The second part, for laser ranging of displacement changes,

其中：in:

所述第一部分包括一个滑杆、两个滑杆支架、一个恒力弹簧、恒力弹簧底座，The first part includes a sliding rod, two sliding rod brackets, a constant force spring, and a constant force spring base,

滑杆的外表光滑，纵截面为椭圆，周长略小于滑杆支架上半部分的椭圆形中空，滑杆靠近恒力弹簧的一端有一光滑凹陷；The appearance of the sliding rod is smooth, the longitudinal section is ellipse, the circumference is slightly smaller than the oval hollow of the upper half of the sliding rod bracket, and the end of the sliding rod close to the constant force spring has a smooth depression;

滑杆支架的纵截面下半部分为矩形，上半部分为弧形，且中间是一个椭圆形的空心，顶端有一个缺口；The lower half of the longitudinal section of the sliding rod bracket is rectangular, the upper half is arc, and the middle is an oval hollow with a gap at the top;

恒力弹簧底座的上面和一个侧面分别有螺丝孔，用于通过螺丝固定住恒力弹簧；There are screw holes on the top and one side of the constant force spring base respectively, which are used to fix the constant force spring by screws;

所述第二部分包括一个激光位移传感器、限位台柱、激光反射结构、专用外壳，The second part includes a laser displacement sensor, a limit stage column, a laser reflection structure, and a special housing,

限位台柱为椭圆圆台，上底面即轴长较小的一面的椭圆与滑杆纵截面一致，下底面即轴长较大的一面的椭圆的长轴大于专用外壳靠近滑杆的一端的中空圆柱的内径；The limit table column is an elliptical round table. The ellipse of the upper bottom surface, that is, the side with the smaller axis length, is consistent with the longitudinal section of the sliding rod. The long axis of the ellipse on the lower bottom surface, that is, the side with the larger axis length is larger than the hollow cylinder of the special shell near the end of the sliding rod. the inner diameter;

激光反射结构为扁平的长方体，底面的长与滑杆的长轴一致；The laser reflection structure is a flat cuboid, and the length of the bottom surface is consistent with the long axis of the slide bar;

专用外壳为可开式外壳，分为上外壳和下外壳。The special casing is an openable casing, which is divided into an upper casing and a lower casing.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的可保持恒定力的牙周袋深度测量装置的主体示意图。1 is a schematic diagram of the main body of a periodontal pocket depth measurement device capable of maintaining a constant force according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图2是图1所示的可保持恒定力的牙周袋深度测量装置的滑杆的示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the slide bar of the periodontal pocket depth measuring device shown in FIG. 1 that can maintain a constant force.

图3是图1所示的可保持恒定力的牙周袋深度测量装置的专用外壳的示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the dedicated housing of the periodontal pocket depth measurement device shown in FIG. 1 that can maintain constant force.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

针对现有技术的上述问题，本发明提出了一种可保持恒定力的牙周袋深度测量装置。In view of the above problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a periodontal pocket depth measurement device that can maintain a constant force.

根据本发明的一个实施例的可保持恒定力的牙周袋深度测量装置包括：A periodontal pocket depth measurement device capable of maintaining a constant force according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

第二部分，用于对位移变化进行激光测距。The second part is used for laser ranging for displacement changes.

其中：in:

所述第一部分包括一个滑杆、两个滑杆支架、一个恒力弹簧以及恒力弹簧底座，滑杆纵截面为椭圆，滑杆靠近恒力弹簧的一端有一光滑凹陷；所述第二部分包括一个激光位移传感器、限位台柱和专用外壳，激光位移传感器固定于专用外壳远离滑杆的一端的内壁上，限位台柱和激光反射结构固定于滑杆上。The first part includes a sliding rod, two sliding rod brackets, a constant force spring and a constant force spring base, the longitudinal section of the sliding rod is ellipse, and the end of the sliding rod close to the constant force spring has a smooth depression; the second part includes A laser displacement sensor, a limit stage column and a special shell, the laser displacement sensor is fixed on the inner wall of the end of the special shell away from the sliding rod, and the limit stage column and the laser reflection structure are fixed on the sliding rod.

根据本发明的一个具体的实施例，所述滑杆支架的纵截面下半部分为矩形，上半部分为弧形，且中间是一个椭圆形空心，顶端有一个缺口；滑杆支架和专用外壳的底面可以是一体的；所述恒力弹簧底座上面和左侧面分别有一个螺丝孔，通过螺丝固定住上面的恒力弹簧；恒力弹簧底座和专用外壳的底面可以是一体的。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the lower half of the longitudinal section of the sliding rod bracket is rectangular, the upper half is arc-shaped, and the middle is an oval hollow with a gap at the top; the sliding rod bracket and the special housing The bottom surface of the constant-force spring base can be integrated; the top and left sides of the constant-force spring base are respectively provided with a screw hole, and the constant-force spring above is fixed by screws; the bottom surface of the constant-force spring base and the special shell can be integrated.

根据本发明的一个具体的实施例，所述滑杆的外表光滑，纵截面为椭圆，周长略小于滑杆支架上半部分的椭圆形中空，滑杆靠近恒力弹簧的一端有一光滑凹陷，滑杆通过专用外壳靠近滑杆的一端的中空圆柱伸至壳外；所述限位台柱为椭圆圆台，上底面即轴长较小的一面的椭圆与滑杆纵截面一致，下底面即轴长较大的一面的椭圆的长轴大于专用外壳靠近滑杆的一端的中空圆柱的内径；限位台柱可以和滑杆是一体的。所述激光反射结构为扁平的长方体，底面的长与滑杆的长轴一致。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the outer surface of the sliding rod is smooth, the longitudinal section is ellipse, the circumference is slightly smaller than the oval hollow of the upper half of the sliding rod bracket, the end of the sliding rod close to the constant force spring has a smooth depression, the sliding rod The hollow cylinder close to the end of the sliding rod through the special shell extends to the outside of the shell; the limit column is an elliptical circular table, the ellipse of the upper bottom surface, that is, the ellipse of the side with the smaller axial length, is consistent with the longitudinal section of the sliding rod, and the lower bottom surface, that is, the larger axial length The long axis of the ellipse on one side is larger than the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder at one end of the special housing close to the sliding rod; the limiter column can be integrated with the sliding rod. The laser reflection structure is a flat cuboid, and the length of the bottom surface is consistent with the long axis of the sliding rod.

根据本发明的一个具体的实施例，所述专用外壳和滑杆可以用环氧树脂或者塑料等材料制作；专用外壳的外表面可以是白色，内表面可以是黑色或其他深色；所述滑杆可以是黑色或其他深色；所述激光反射结构可以是白色或其他浅色。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the special housing and the sliding rod can be made of epoxy resin or plastic; the outer surface of the special housing can be white, and the inner surface can be black or other dark colors; the sliding The rods may be black or other dark colors; the laser reflecting structures may be white or other light colors.

本发明的优点包括：Advantages of the present invention include:

1、本发明采用激光位移传感器，所测的最小位移量可精确到1μm，测量范围为0～10mm，满足牙周袋深度测量的精度以及测量范围需求；1. The present invention uses a laser displacement sensor, the minimum displacement measured can be accurate to 1 μm, and the measurement range is 0-10 mm, which meets the requirements of the precision and measurement range of the periodontal pocket depth measurement;

2、本发明采用的激光位移传感器为非接触式测量，较为稳定，所受外界干扰少，能够数字输出，使得探诊结果直接输入和存入计算机，直观可靠，消除了检查者视觉读数误差以及医护人员记录失误等问题；2. The laser displacement sensor used in the present invention is non-contact measurement, which is relatively stable, suffers less external interference, and can output digitally, so that the probing results can be directly input and stored in the computer, which is intuitive and reliable, and eliminates the visual reading error of the examiner. Problems such as mistakes in medical records;

3、本发明采用激光位移传感器，体积小、重量轻，能够尽量在不影响检查者的触觉敏感度的前提下进行工作，不仅可以减轻医护人员的劳动强度，还能够提高检查效率；3. The present invention adopts a laser displacement sensor, which is small in size and light in weight, and can work as far as possible without affecting the tactile sensitivity of the examiner, which can not only reduce the labor intensity of medical staff, but also improve the inspection efficiency;

4、本发明采用恒力弹簧为滑杆提供压力，这种压力不会随着位移的变化而变化，也不会受检查者操作时所施加力的大小等因素的影响，真正意义上保证了每次测量牙周袋深度时的探诊压力的恒定，提高了测量结果的可重复性，减小了人为误差，使得患者更容易接受。4. The present invention uses a constant force spring to provide pressure for the sliding rod. This pressure will not change with the change of displacement, nor will it be affected by factors such as the force applied by the inspector during operation, which truly guarantees The constant probing pressure when measuring the depth of the periodontal pocket improves the repeatability of the measurement results, reduces human error, and makes it easier for patients to accept.

以下结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

如图1所示，根据本发明的一个实施例的可保持恒定力的牙周袋深度测量装置包括一个可开式专用外壳，分为上外壳204和下外壳205，在专用外壳内部设有一个激光位移传感器201、一个恒力弹簧103与一个滑杆101，滑杆101上设有激光反射结构203和限位台柱202。在专用外壳底部205设有两个滑杆支架102和一个恒力弹簧底座104。As shown in FIG. 1 , a periodontal pocket depth measurement device capable of maintaining a constant force according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an openable special housing, which is divided into anupper housing 204 and alower housing 205, and a special housing is provided inside the special housing Thelaser displacement sensor 201 , aconstant force spring 103 and asliding rod 101 are provided with alaser reflection structure 203 and alimit stage column 202 on thesliding rod 101 . Two slidingrod brackets 102 and a constantforce spring base 104 are provided at thebottom 205 of the dedicated housing.

如图2所示，滑杆101上面设有激光反射结构203和限位台柱202。滑杆101的纵截面为椭圆，以防止杆身自转导致滑杆101上的激光反射结构203偏离主轴；滑杆101的靠近恒力弹簧的一端为一光滑凹陷，能保证滑杆101与恒力弹簧103的外表面紧密邻接，使得滑杆101不会偏离恒力弹簧103；滑杆101的左端206通过专用外壳204、205靠近滑杆的一端的中空圆柱伸至壳外；滑杆101上的限位台柱202为椭圆圆台，上底面即轴长较小的一面的椭圆与滑杆101纵截面一致，下底面即轴长较大的一面的椭圆的长轴大于专用外壳204靠近滑杆的一端的中空圆柱的内径，能够避免部分滑杆(滑杆101除去左端206以外的部分)滑出专用外壳204、205或与恒力弹簧103脱离；激光反射结构203为扁平的长方体，底面的长与滑杆101的长轴一致，固定于滑杆101上，保证激光反射结构203与滑杆101的位移一致，激光位移传感器201发射的激光在激光反射结构203的表面发生漫反射，而后又被激光位移传感器201接收，用于计算滑杆101的位移。As shown in FIG. 2 , theslide bar 101 is provided with alaser reflection structure 203 and alimiting column 202 . The longitudinal section of thesliding rod 101 is an ellipse to prevent thelaser reflection structure 203 on thesliding rod 101 from deviating from the main axis due to the rotation of the rod body. The outer surfaces of thesprings 103 are closely abutted, so that thesliding rod 101 will not deviate from theconstant force spring 103; Thelimiter column 202 is an elliptical circular table, the upper bottom surface, that is, the ellipse of the side with the smaller axis length, is consistent with the longitudinal section of theslide bar 101, and the long axis of the lower bottom surface, that is, the ellipse of the side with the larger axis length, is greater than the end of thespecial housing 204 close to the slide bar. The inner diameter of the hollow cylinder can prevent part of the sliding rod (the part of thesliding rod 101 except the left end 206) from slipping out of thespecial housing 204, 205 or being separated from theconstant force spring 103; thelaser reflection structure 203 is a flat cuboid, and the length of the bottom surface is equal to The long axis of theslide bar 101 is the same, and it is fixed on theslide bar 101 to ensure that the displacement of thelaser reflection structure 203 and theslide bar 101 are consistent. Thedisplacement sensor 201 receives and is used to calculate the displacement of thesliding bar 101 .

如图3所示，专用外壳包括上外壳204与下外壳205两部分。下外壳205底部还有两个滑杆支架102和一个恒力弹簧底座104。滑杆支架102的纵截面下半部分为矩形，上半部分为弧形，且中间是一个椭圆形空心，这个椭圆形空心的长短轴均稍大于滑杆101纵截面椭圆的长短轴，滑杆支架102顶部还有一个小于滑杆101纵截面椭圆的长轴的开口，既方便滑杆的装入，又能够避免滑杆101产生纵向位移。As shown in FIG. 3 , the dedicated housing includes two parts, anupper housing 204 and alower housing 205 . There are also two slidingrod brackets 102 and a constantforce spring base 104 at the bottom of thelower casing 205 . The lower half of the longitudinal section of thesliding rod bracket 102 is rectangular, the upper half is arc-shaped, and the middle is an oval hollow. There is also an opening at the top of thebracket 102 that is smaller than the long axis of the ellipse of the longitudinal section of thesliding rod 101 , which not only facilitates the installation of the sliding rod, but also avoids the longitudinal displacement of thesliding rod 101 .

如图1所示，恒力弹簧底座104上有两个螺孔，用于固定恒力弹簧103，防止恒力弹簧103偏离滑杆101。激光位移传感器201固定于专用外壳204远离滑杆的一端的内壁上，激光位移传感器201的激光发射端对准激光反射结构203的中心，以避免滑杆101的位移测量错误。As shown in FIG. 1 , the constantforce spring base 104 has two screw holes for fixing theconstant force spring 103 to prevent theconstant force spring 103 from deviating from the slidingrod 101 . Thelaser displacement sensor 201 is fixed on the inner wall of the end of thespecial housing 204 away from the sliding rod, and the laser emitting end of thelaser displacement sensor 201 is aligned with the center of thelaser reflection structure 203 to avoid errors in the displacement measurement of the slidingrod 101 .

本发明的工作原理与过程如下：The working principle and process of the present invention are as follows:

首先，将激光位移传感器201右下角的连接口接至电源以及计算机，确保其正常工作；其次，将滑杆101的左端206向右完全推入专用外壳并保持不动，此时，通过自编的计算机软件将其校准为零，以设定此刻位置为初始位置；最后，模拟出待测位移，即，使滑杆101的左端206放开一段10mm以内的位移并保持不动，此时，通过自编的的计算机软件可得知待测位移量。First, connect the connection port at the lower right corner of thelaser displacement sensor 201 to the power supply and the computer to ensure its normal operation; secondly, push theleft end 206 of theslide bar 101 to the right completely into the special housing and keep it still. The computer software will calibrate it to zero, and set the current position as the initial position; finally, simulate the displacement to be measured, that is, let theleft end 206 of theslide bar 101 release a displacement within 10mm and keep it still, at this time, The displacement to be measured can be obtained through the self-compiled computer software.

在上述过程中，滑杆101靠近恒力弹簧的一端始终与恒力弹簧103紧密邻接，以确保恒力弹簧103产生的向左收缩的恒定力能够始终作用于滑杆101，这个作用力就是所述牙周袋测量所需的恒定探诊压力。此外，在实际的临床应用中，本发明需要与探针配合使用才能完成牙周袋深度测量。具体来说，就是将探针的手柄的安装端压入专用外壳靠近滑杆的一端的中空圆柱中，并保证探针手柄中的滑杆与本发明所述滑杆101的左端206紧密邻接，以完成牙周袋深度测量过程中位移的正确传递，此时，本发明工作过程如下：In the above process, the end of theslide bar 101 close to the constant force spring is always in close contact with theconstant force spring 103, so as to ensure that the constant force of theconstant force spring 103 to contract to the left can always act on theslide bar 101, and this force is the The constant probing pressure required for the periodontal pocket measurement described above. In addition, in practical clinical applications, the present invention needs to be used in conjunction with a probe to complete the periodontal pocket depth measurement. Specifically, the mounting end of the handle of the probe is pressed into the hollow cylinder at the end of the special housing close to the sliding rod, and the sliding rod in the probe handle is ensured to be in close contact with theleft end 206 of the slidingrod 101 of the present invention, In order to complete the correct transmission of displacement in the periodontal pocket depth measurement process, at this time, the working process of the present invention is as follows:

首先，将探针的手柄的安装端压入专用外壳靠近滑杆的一端的中空圆柱中；其次，将激光位移传感器201右下角的连接口接至电源以及计算机，确保其正常工作；再次，将探针完全压入，此时的滑杆101的左端206会被向右完全推入专用外壳并保持不动，通过自编的计算机软件将其校准为零，以设定此刻位置为初始位置；然后，将探针插入牙周袋中，探针会由于其0.147N的恒定力而停在牙周袋底，此时的滑杆101的左端206会被放开一段与牙周袋深度一致的位移并保持不动，通过自编的计算机软件可得知这段位移，也就是待测的牙周袋深度；最后，取下探针，本发明所述装置回到自然状态。在自然状态下，滑杆101的左端206会伸出专用外壳，限位台柱202与专用外壳靠近滑杆的一端的内壁抵在一起，以保证滑杆101不会弹出。First, press the mounting end of the handle of the probe into the hollow cylinder at the end of the special housing close to the sliding rod; secondly, connect the connection port on the lower right corner of thelaser displacement sensor 201 to the power supply and computer to ensure that it works normally; When the probe is fully pressed in, theleft end 206 of theslide bar 101 will be pushed into the special housing completely to the right and remain still, and it will be calibrated to zero by the self-compiled computer software to set the current position as the initial position; Then, insert the probe into the periodontal pocket, the probe will stop at the bottom of the periodontal pocket due to its constant force of 0.147N, at this time, theleft end 206 of theslide bar 101 will be released for a length consistent with the depth of the periodontal pocket Displacement and keep it still, the displacement, that is, the depth of the periodontal pocket to be measured, can be known through the self-compiled computer software; finally, the probe is removed, and the device of the present invention returns to the natural state. In a natural state, theleft end 206 of theslide bar 101 will protrude out of the special housing, and thelimit post 202 is abutted against the inner wall of the end of the special housing close to the slide bar to ensure that theslide bar 101 will not pop out.