技术领域technical field
本发明涉及采矿工程技术领域，特别涉及一种动荷载影响下顶板渗流试验装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, in particular to a roof seepage test device and method under the influence of dynamic load.
背景技术Background technique
水在煤系地层中广泛分布，一般分为承压水和自由水。巷道开挖与掘进破坏了岩体的原岩应力状态，应力调整过程中改变了岩体的结构及其赋存形态，易于引起巷道顶板水的流动，如果水压及水量较大，可能造成突水事故。研究发现顶板水渗流过程中，不仅削弱了顶板岩石的强度，也降低了支护体的强度，易于诱发巷道顶板变形失稳。Water is widely distributed in coal-measure formations and is generally divided into confined water and free water. The excavation and excavation of the roadway destroy the original rock stress state of the rock mass, and the structure and occurrence form of the rock mass are changed during the stress adjustment process, which is easy to cause the flow of water on the roof of the roadway. If the water pressure and water volume are large, it may cause sudden water accident. The study found that the roof water seepage process not only weakens the strength of the roof rock, but also reduces the strength of the support body, which is easy to induce deformation and instability of the roadway roof.
目前渗流研究倾向大多是从微观对岩体或土体内部水迁移路径及水迁移过程中局部区域的物理力学性能变化展开研究。由于受到研究对象缩放比例、尺寸的影响，很难对整个顶板存在原生裂隙的脆弱区以和相对完整、致密物理力学性能较好的稳定区，在外部动力影响下对顶板渗流情况及顶板整体的稳定性展开研究，以往的研究无法同时获取脆弱区域和稳定区域的协同变化。At present, most of the seepage research tends to study the water migration path inside the rock mass or soil and the changes of physical and mechanical properties in the local area during the water migration process from the microscopic perspective. Due to the influence of the scale and size of the research object, it is difficult to analyze the vulnerable area of the entire roof with primary cracks and the relatively complete and dense stable area with better physical and mechanical properties. However, the previous studies could not capture the synergistic changes of fragile and stable regions at the same time.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种动荷载影响下顶板渗流试验装置及方法，能够同时采集顶板试样在施加轴压、围压、动荷载以及大渗流供水时的数据，能够研究富水地段顶板由原生裂隙主导的脆弱区域影响范围、弱化程度并总结裂隙形式与影响范围、弱化程度之间的规律，进而展开脆弱区在受到持续渗流、突发动荷载影响下失稳、破坏对外缘稳定区域及顶板整体稳定性的影响。In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a roof seepage test device and method under the influence of dynamic load, which can simultaneously collect the data of the roof sample when axial pressure, confining pressure, dynamic load and large seepage water supply are applied, It is possible to study the influence range and weakening degree of the fragile area dominated by primary cracks in the water-rich section roof, and summarize the law between the crack form and the influence range and weakening degree, and then unfold the instability of the vulnerable area under the influence of continuous seepage and sudden dynamic load , Destroying the impact on the stable area of the outer edge and the overall stability of the roof.
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种动荷载影响下顶板渗流试验装置，包括实验罐体、轴压系统、围压系统、大渗流系统、动荷载系统、外部框架和控制系统；A roof seepage test device under the influence of dynamic load, including a test tank, an axial pressure system, a confining pressure system, a large seepage system, a dynamic load system, an external frame and a control system;
所述实验罐体的顶部设有出水口，实验罐体的底部设有进水口，实验罐体侧壁的下部设有第一通孔，实验罐体侧壁的上部设有第二通孔，实验罐体的内部设置有顶板试样，所述顶板试样内设有裂隙，顶板试样的侧壁设有应变片和振动传感器，顶板试样的上方设有上保护板，顶板试样的下方设有下保护板，所述上保护板和下保护板均设有与所述裂隙正对的通槽，所述上保护板的上方设有上渗透加压板，所述下保护板的下方设有下渗透加压板，所述上保护板和上渗透加压板均设有相对应的渗流孔，所述下保护板和下渗透加压板均设有相对应的渗流孔，所述上渗透加压板和下渗透加压板均设有渗透板引水接头，所述上渗透加压板的渗透板引水接头通过金属承压水管与所述出水口连接，所述下渗透加压板的渗透板引水接头通过金属承压水管与所述进水口连接，所述上渗透加压板、上保护板、顶板试样、下保护板、下渗透加压板、应变片和振动传感器的整体的外部包裹隔油橡胶膜；The top of the experimental tank is provided with a water outlet, the bottom of the experimental tank is provided with a water inlet, the bottom of the experimental tank side wall is provided with a first through hole, and the upper part of the experimental tank side wall is provided with a second through hole, The inside of the experimental tank is provided with a top plate sample, the top plate sample is provided with a crack, the side wall of the top plate sample is provided with a strain gauge and a vibration sensor, the top of the top plate sample is provided with an upper protection plate, and the top plate sample is provided with a crack. A lower protective plate is provided below, and both the upper protective plate and the lower protective plate are provided with through grooves facing the cracks, and an upper permeation pressure plate is provided above the upper protective plate, and the lower protective plate A lower osmotic pressure plate is provided below, and the upper protective plate and the upper osmotic pressure plate are provided with corresponding seepage holes, and the lower protective plate and the lower osmotic pressure plate are provided with corresponding seepage holes, so Both the upper osmotic pressure plate and the lower osmotic pressure plate are provided with a water diversion joint of the osmotic plate, and the water diversion joint of the osmotic plate of the upper osmotic pressure plate is connected to the water outlet through a metal pressure-bearing water pipe, and the lower osmotic pressure plate The water diversion joint of the osmotic plate of the plate is connected to the water inlet through a metal pressurized water pipe, and the upper osmotic pressure plate, the upper protection plate, the top plate sample, the lower protection plate, the lower osmotic pressure plate, the strain gauge and the vibration sensor The whole exterior is wrapped with oil-proof rubber membrane;
所述轴压系统包括上加载活塞、加载千斤顶、下加载活塞和压力传感器，所述上加载活塞设置在上渗透加压板的上方，且与实验罐体的顶部通过线轴承连接，上加载活塞的上方设有加载千斤顶，所述下加载活塞设置在下渗透加压板的下方，且与实验罐体的底部通过线轴承连接，所述下加载活塞的下方设有压力传感器；The axial pressure system includes an upper loading piston, a loading jack, a lower loading piston and a pressure sensor, the upper loading piston is arranged above the upper osmotic pressure plate, and is connected with the top of the experimental tank through a wire bearing, and the upper loading piston A loading jack is provided above the top, the lower loading piston is arranged below the lower osmotic pressure plate, and is connected with the bottom of the experimental tank through a wire bearing, and a pressure sensor is provided below the lower loading piston;
所述围压系统包括液压油罐、进油泵组和回油气泵，所述液压油罐分别通过第一围压管线和第二围压管线与第一通孔连通，液压油罐通过第三围压管线与第二通孔连通，所述第一围压管线上设置有进油泵组和第一截止阀，所述第二围压管线上设有第二截止阀，所述第三围压管线上设有第五截止阀和第三截止阀，所述第五截止阀设置在靠近液压油罐的一侧，所述回油气泵设置在第五截止阀和第三截止阀之间，且通过第四围压管线与第三围压管线连通，所述第四围压管线上设有第四截止阀；The confining pressure system includes a hydraulic oil tank, an oil inlet pump group and an oil return air pump. The hydraulic oil tank communicates with the first through hole through the first confining pressure pipeline and the second confining pressure pipeline respectively, and the hydraulic oil tank communicates with the first through hole through the third confining pressure pipeline. The pressure pipeline communicates with the second through hole, the first confining pressure pipeline is provided with an oil inlet pump group and the first shut-off valve, the second confining pressure pipeline is provided with a second shut-off valve, and the third confining pressure pipeline is The fifth cut-off valve and the third cut-off valve are arranged on the upper side, the fifth cut-off valve is arranged on the side close to the hydraulic oil tank, the oil return air pump is arranged between the fifth cut-off valve and the third cut-off valve, and passes through The fourth confining pressure pipeline communicates with the third confining pressure pipeline, and a fourth stop valve is arranged on the fourth confining pressure pipeline;
所述大渗流系统包括集水槽、进水泵组、溢流阀、进水水压传感器、出水水压传感器、第一流量计和第二流量计，所述集水槽通过第一渗流管线与进水口连通，所述第一渗流管线上设置有溢流阀和进水泵组，所述溢流阀设置在靠近进水口的一侧，溢流阀通过第二渗流管线与集水槽连通，进水水压传感器设置在进水口处，所述出水口分别通过第三渗流管线和第四渗流管线与集水槽连通，所述第三渗流管线上设置有第一流量计和第六截止阀，所述第四渗流管线上设置有第二流量计和第七截止阀，所述第三渗流管线和第四渗流管线靠近出水口的一侧同时与出水水压传感器连接；The large seepage system includes a water collection tank, an inlet pump group, an overflow valve, an inlet water pressure sensor, an outlet water pressure sensor, a first flow meter and a second flow meter, and the water collection tank passes through the first seepage pipeline and the water inlet The first seepage pipeline is provided with an overflow valve and a water inlet pump group, the overflow valve is arranged on the side close to the water inlet, the overflow valve communicates with the sump through the second seepage pipeline, and the water inlet pressure The sensor is arranged at the water inlet, and the water outlet communicates with the sump through the third seepage pipeline and the fourth seepage pipeline respectively. The third seepage pipeline is provided with a first flow meter and a sixth stop valve. A second flowmeter and a seventh stop valve are arranged on the percolation pipeline, and the side of the third percolation pipeline and the fourth percolation pipeline close to the water outlet are connected to the outlet water pressure sensor at the same time;
所述动荷载系统包括动荷载伸缩臂和轨道基座，所述动荷载伸缩臂的上部与实验罐体的底部连接，所述轨道基座设置在动荷载伸缩臂的下方，且与动荷载伸缩臂通过多个滚珠排连接；The dynamic load system includes a dynamic load telescopic arm and a track base, the upper part of the dynamic load telescopic arm is connected to the bottom of the experimental tank, the track base is arranged under the dynamic load telescopic arm, and is connected to the dynamic load telescopic arm. The arms are connected by multiple ball rows;
所述外部框架设置在实验罐体的四周，所述外部框架的立柱与轨道基座通过用组装定位螺母连接，所述外部框架的立柱上设有多个调高螺旋，所述调高螺旋与实验罐体的侧壁连接，所述外部框架的底部与轨道基座通过滚珠排连接；The external frame is arranged around the experimental tank body, the column of the external frame is connected with the track base by using assembly positioning nuts, the column of the external frame is provided with a plurality of height-adjusting screws, and the height-adjusting screw is connected with the The side wall of the experimental tank is connected, and the bottom of the external frame is connected with the track base through a ball row;
所述控制系统包括围压控制器、轴压控制器、大渗流控制器、动荷载控制器和数据采集器，所述围压控制器与进油泵组连接，所述轴压控制器与加载千斤顶连接，所述大渗流控制器与溢流阀连接，所述动荷载控制器与动荷载伸缩臂连接，所述数据采集器分别与应变片和振动传感器连接。The control system includes a confining pressure controller, an axial pressure controller, a large seepage flow controller, a dynamic load controller and a data collector, the confining pressure controller is connected with the oil inlet pump group, and the axial pressure controller is connected with the loading jack The large seepage controller is connected with the overflow valve, the dynamic load controller is connected with the dynamic load telescopic arm, and the data collector is respectively connected with the strain gauge and the vibration sensor.
所述顶板试样为圆柱结构，其直径为30～45cm，其高为10～15cm，所述裂隙的开度为0.5～2.0mm，裂隙与水平方向的夹角为65～90°。The roof sample is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 30-45 cm and a height of 10-15 cm. The opening of the crack is 0.5-2.0 mm, and the angle between the crack and the horizontal direction is 65-90°.
所述应变片和振动传感器沿顶板试样侧壁同一水平高度的周向间隔设置，所述顶板试样侧壁的上部、中部和下部均分别设有应变片和振动传感器。The strain gauges and vibration sensors are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the top plate sample side wall at the same horizontal height, and the upper, middle and lower parts of the top plate sample side wall are respectively provided with strain gauges and vibration sensors.
所述上保护板和下保护板均由塑性隔水材料制成，所述通槽与裂隙开度相同，深为2.0mm。Both the upper protection plate and the lower protection plate are made of plastic water-proof material, and the opening of the through groove is the same as that of the crack, and the depth is 2.0mm.
所述实验罐体的底部设有数据线孔，所述应变片和振动传感器均与数据采集器通过数据线连接，所述数据线穿过数据线孔。The bottom of the experimental tank is provided with a data line hole, and the strain gauge and the vibration sensor are connected to the data collector through the data line, and the data line passes through the data line hole.
所述轨道基座顶部的中间设有凹槽一，所述动荷载伸缩臂底部设有与轨道基座的凹槽一对应的凸起，所述轨道基座的凹槽一与动荷载伸缩臂底部的凸起通过滚珠排连接，所述轨道基座顶部的四周设有凹槽二，所述凹槽二与动荷载伸缩臂底部通过滚珠排连接，所述轨道基座的侧面设有凹槽三，所述凹槽三与外部框架的底部通过滚珠排连接。The middle of the top of the track base is provided with a groove one, and the bottom of the dynamic load telescopic arm is provided with a protrusion corresponding to the groove one of the track base, and the groove one of the track base is connected with the dynamic load telescopic arm The protrusions at the bottom are connected by a ball row, groove 2 is provided around the top of the track base, the groove 2 is connected to the bottom of the dynamic load telescopic arm through a ball row, and grooves are provided on the side of the track base Third, the third groove is connected to the bottom of the outer frame through a row of balls.
所述第一流量计和第二流量计均设置在靠近集水槽的一侧，第一流量计的量程为1000ml/s～20000ml/s，第二流量计的量程为0.5ml/s～5000ml/s。Both the first flowmeter and the second flowmeter are arranged on the side close to the sump, the measuring range of the first flowmeter is 1000ml/s～20000ml/s, and the measuring range of the second flowmeter is 0.5ml/s～5000ml/s s.
所述上渗透加压板的顶部设有与上加载活塞对应的上加压板凹槽，所述下渗透加压板的底部设有与下加载活塞对应的下加压板凹槽。The top of the upper osmotic pressure plate is provided with an upper pressure plate groove corresponding to the upper loading piston, and the bottom of the lower osmotic pressure plate is provided with a lower pressure plate groove corresponding to the lower loading piston.
所述试验罐体的侧壁与试验罐体的底部通过卡扣连接，所述卡扣的外部设有卡扣套环。The side wall of the test tank body is connected with the bottom of the test tank body through a buckle, and a buckle collar is provided on the outside of the buckle.
上述一种动荷载影响下顶板渗流试验装置的试验方法，包括以下步骤：The test method of the above-mentioned roof seepage test device under the influence of a kind of dynamic load comprises the following steps:
步骤一、在顶板试样的侧壁粘贴应变片和埋设振动传感器，顶板试样侧壁的上部、中部和下部均分别设有应变片和振动传感器，在同一水平面上的应变片和振动传感器间隔设置；Step 1. Paste strain gauges and embed vibration sensors on the side wall of the roof sample. The upper, middle and lower parts of the roof sample side walls are respectively equipped with strain gauges and vibration sensors. The distance between the strain gauges and vibration sensors on the same horizontal plane is set up;
步骤二、安装顶板试样，首先用组装定位螺母将外部框架与轨道基座固定，将上保护板和下保护板的通槽分别与顶板试样的裂隙正对，将上保护板和上渗透加压板的渗流孔对应，将下保护板和下渗透加压板的渗流孔对应，按照上渗透加压板、上保护板、顶板试样、下保护板和下渗透加压板的顺序对齐后用隔油橡胶膜包裹，并整体安放于下加载活塞上，使下渗透加压板的下加压板凹槽与下加载活塞对应，将应变片和振动传感器分别通过数据线与数据采集器连接，上渗透加压板和下渗透加压板的渗透板引水接头分别与金属承压水管连接，调节外部框架上的调高螺旋降下实验罐体，使金属承压水管与对应的进水口或出水口连接，将卡扣插入实验罐体侧壁与实验罐体底部连接处，对齐后放下卡扣套环；Step 2. Install the top plate sample. First, use the assembly positioning nut to fix the outer frame and the track base. The through grooves of the upper protection plate and the lower protection plate are respectively facing the cracks of the top plate sample. The upper protection plate and the upper penetration The seepage holes of the pressurized plate correspond to the seepage holes of the lower protective plate and the lower permeated pressurized plate, and are aligned in the order of the upper permeated pressurized plate, the upper protected plate, the top plate sample, the lower protected plate and the lower permeated pressurized plate Finally, it is wrapped with an oil-proof rubber film, and placed on the lower loading piston as a whole, so that the groove of the lower pressure plate of the lower osmotic pressure plate corresponds to the lower loading piston, and the strain gauge and the vibration sensor are respectively connected to the data collector through the data line. Connection, the water diversion joints of the upper osmotic pressurized plate and the lower osmotic pressurized plate are respectively connected with the metal pressurized water pipe, adjust the height adjustment screw on the outer frame to lower the experimental tank, so that the metal pressurized water pipe is connected to the corresponding water inlet or Connect the water outlet, insert the buckle into the connection between the side wall of the experimental tank and the bottom of the experimental tank, and put down the buckle collar after alignment;
步骤三、施加围压前准备，首先打开第一截止阀、关闭第二截止阀、打开第三截止阀、关闭第四截止阀、打开第五截止阀，启动进油泵组，使液压油罐通过第一通孔向实验罐体内部充液压油，用于对顶板试样提供径向围压，待实验罐体内充满液压油后，液压油经由第二通孔流出，经第三截止阀和第五截止阀流回液压油罐，直至第二通孔不再排除气泡，确认排净实验罐体内空气后，暂时停止进油泵组工作，关闭第一截止阀，待第二通孔不再因压力溢油后，关闭第三截止阀和第五截止阀，打开第一截止阀；Step 3: Prepare before applying confining pressure. First, open the first stop valve, close the second stop valve, open the third stop valve, close the fourth stop valve, open the fifth stop valve, start the oil inlet pump group, and let the hydraulic oil tank pass through The first through hole fills the interior of the experimental tank with hydraulic oil, which is used to provide radial confining pressure for the roof sample. After the experimental tank is filled with hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil flows out through the second through hole, and passes through the third stop valve and the third stop valve. The five shut-off valves flow back to the hydraulic oil tank until the second through hole no longer removes air bubbles. After confirming that the air in the experimental tank is exhausted, temporarily stop the work of the oil inlet pump group, close the first shut-off valve, and wait until the second through hole is no longer due to pressure. After oil spillage, close the third stop valve and fifth stop valve, and open the first stop valve;
步骤四、大渗流试验前饱水排气，待轴压与围压准备结束后，启动进水泵组，对实验罐体内顶板试样进行饱水排气，大渗流系统供水由进水口进入实验罐体从出水口流出，直至出水口不在溢出气泡，暂时关闭进水泵组；Step 4. Saturate and exhaust before the large seepage test. After the axial pressure and confining pressure preparations are completed, start the water inlet pump group to saturate and exhaust the roof sample in the test tank. The water supply of the large seepage system enters the test tank from the water inlet The liquid flows out from the water outlet until the water outlet is no longer overflowing with air bubbles, and the water inlet pump group is temporarily closed;
步骤五、开始试验并采集数据，通过轴压控制器控制加载千斤顶对顶板试样施加轴压，并通过压力传感器实时记录加载过程中轴压，通过围压控制器控制进油泵组对顶板试样施加围压，围压控制器显示加载过程中围压，并通过应变片实时记录顶板试样的形变量，通过大渗流控制器控制溢流阀对顶板试样进行大渗流供水，大渗流控制器显示进水口进水流量，通过进水水压传感器记录进水口水压，通过出水水压传感器记录出水口水压，通过第一流量计或第二流量计记录出水口出水流量，待轴压、围压、顶板试样的形变量、进水口进水流量、进水口水压、出水口出水流量和出水口水压相对稳定后，拆除组装定位螺母，通过动荷载控制器控制动荷载伸缩臂对实验罐体施加动荷载，通过振动传感器记录施加动荷载时动荷载方向上顶板试样的加速度，同时，控制系统采集动荷载施加时的轴压、围压、顶板试样的形变量、进水口进水流量、进水口水压、出水口出水流量和出水口水压；Step 5. Start the test and collect data, control the loading jack to apply axial pressure to the roof sample through the axial pressure controller, and record the axial pressure during the loading process through the pressure sensor in real time, and control the oil inlet pump group to the roof sample through the confining pressure controller Apply confining pressure, the confining pressure controller displays the confining pressure during the loading process, and records the deformation of the roof sample in real time through the strain gauge, controls the overflow valve to supply water to the roof sample through the large seepage controller, and the large seepage controller Display the water flow at the water inlet, record the water pressure at the water inlet through the water inlet pressure sensor, record the water pressure at the water outlet through the water outlet pressure sensor, and record the water flow at the water outlet through the first flowmeter or the second flowmeter. After the confining pressure, the deformation of the top plate sample, the water inlet flow rate, the water inlet water pressure, the water outlet flow rate and the water outlet water pressure are relatively stable, the positioning nut is removed and assembled, and the dynamic load telescopic arm is controlled by the dynamic load controller. The dynamic load is applied to the experimental tank, and the acceleration of the roof sample in the direction of the dynamic load is recorded by the vibration sensor. At the same time, the control system collects the axial pressure, confining pressure, deformation of the roof sample, and water inlet when the dynamic load is applied. Inlet water flow, water inlet water pressure, water outlet water flow and water outlet water pressure;
步骤六、复位、卸压，实验结束后通过动荷载控制器使动荷载伸缩臂复位，重新安装组装定位螺母，使轨道基座与实验罐体保持相对静止，停止加载千斤顶施加轴压并收缩其下表面使其不与上加载活塞接触，停止进水泵组工作，打开溢流阀自然排净顶板试样内存水，停止进油泵组工作，关闭第一截止阀，打开第五截止阀和第三截止阀，先使带压液压油经由第二通孔流回液压油罐内，待溢油稳定不在外溢后，依次打开第二截止阀、关闭第五截止阀、打开第四截止阀，启动回油气泵，使空气经由第二通孔进入实验罐体内使其内液压油经第一通孔和第二截止阀返回液压油罐内，确认第一通孔再无液压油流出后，关闭回油气泵，气压稳定后关闭所有截止阀，并检查；Step 6: Reset and depressurize. After the experiment, use the dynamic load controller to reset the dynamic load telescopic arm, reinstall and assemble the positioning nut, keep the track base and the experimental tank relatively static, stop the loading jack to apply axial pressure and shrink it Keep the lower surface from contacting the upper loading piston, stop the water inlet pump group, open the overflow valve to naturally drain the water stored in the top plate sample, stop the oil inlet pump group, close the first stop valve, open the fifth stop valve and the third The shut-off valve first makes the pressurized hydraulic oil flow back into the hydraulic oil tank through the second through hole. After the oil spill is stable and no longer overflows, open the second shut-off valve, close the fifth shut-off valve, open the fourth shut-off valve, and start the return valve. The oil-air pump allows air to enter the experimental tank through the second through hole, and the hydraulic oil in it returns to the hydraulic oil tank through the first through hole and the second stop valve. After confirming that there is no hydraulic oil flowing out of the first through hole, close the oil return Air pump, close all shut-off valves after the air pressure is stable, and check;
步骤七、顶板试样拆卸，实验结束后依次取下卡扣套环、去除卡扣、通过调高螺旋上升实验罐体，取下顶板试样并拆除隔油橡胶膜。Step 7. Remove the top plate sample. After the experiment, take off the buckle collar, remove the buckle, test the tank body by adjusting the height of the spiral, remove the top plate sample and remove the oil-proof rubber film.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明一种动荷载影响下顶板渗流试验装置及方法，通过轴压系统、围压系统、动荷载系统以及大渗流供水四个试验系统模拟原生贯穿裂隙顶板在受掘进施工、爆破、冲击地压、地震等影响作用下的大渗流耦合试验，能够同时采集顶板试样在施加轴压、围压、动荷载以及大渗流供水时的数据，实现了对煤层顶板破碎岩体的压缩变形模拟，能有效认识和揭示煤层开采过程中地质扰动对顶板原生裂隙结构演化，以及对阻隔水能力的影响，为深部含水地质条件下巷道施工技术安全性的研究提供理论基础。The present invention is a roof seepage test device and method under the influence of dynamic load, which simulates the original penetrating crack roof under the influence of excavation construction, blasting and rock impact through four test systems: axial pressure system, confining pressure system, dynamic load system and large seepage water supply. The large seepage coupling test under the influence of earthquakes, earthquakes, etc. can simultaneously collect the data of the roof sample when the axial pressure, confining pressure, dynamic load and large seepage water supply are applied, and realize the compression deformation simulation of the broken rock mass of the coal seam roof. Effectively understand and reveal the influence of geological disturbance on the evolution of roof primary fracture structure and water barrier capacity during coal seam mining, and provide a theoretical basis for the research on the technical safety of roadway construction under deep water-bearing geological conditions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明提供的一种动荷载影响下顶板渗流试验装置的整体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of roof seepage test device under the influence of a kind of dynamic load provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的顶板试样放置示意图；Fig. 2 is the top plate sample placement schematic diagram provided by the present invention;
图3是本发明提供的实验罐体的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the experiment tank body provided by the present invention;
图4是本发明提供的实验罐体的俯视示意图；Fig. 4 is a top view schematic diagram of the experimental tank body provided by the present invention;
图5是本发明提供的动荷载系统的结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the dynamic load system provided by the present invention.
其中，1、液压油罐；2、回油气泵；3、进油泵组；4、围压控制器；5-1、第一截止阀；5-2、第二截止阀；5-3、第三截止阀；5-4、第四截止阀；5-5、第五截止阀；5-6、第六截止阀；5-7、第七截止阀；6、第一通孔；7、第二通孔；8、轴压控制器；9、加载千斤顶；10、集水槽；11、进水泵组；12、溢流阀；13、大渗流控制器；14-1、进水水压传感器；14-2、出水水压传感器；15-1、第一流量计；15-2、第二流量计；16、进水口；17、出水口；18、实验罐体；19、轨道基座；20、外部框架；21、调高螺旋；22、组装定位螺母；23、滚珠排；24、动荷载伸缩臂；25、动荷载控制器；26、顶板试样；27、裂隙；28-1、上保护板；28-2、下保护板；29-1、上渗透加压板；29-2、下渗透加压板；30、渗透板引水接头；31、金属承压水管；32、隔油橡胶膜；33、应变片；34、压力传感器；35、线轴承；36-1、上加载活塞；36-2、下加载活塞；37、卡扣；38、卡扣套环；40、数据线孔；41、数据采集器。Among them, 1. Hydraulic oil tank; 2. Oil return pump; 3. Oil inlet pump group; 4. Confining pressure controller; 5-1. First stop valve; 5-2. Second stop valve; 5-3. Three stop valves; 5-4, the fourth stop valve; 5-5, the fifth stop valve; 5-6, the sixth stop valve; 5-7, the seventh stop valve; 6, the first through hole; 7, the first stop valve Two through holes; 8. Axial pressure controller; 9. Loading jack; 10. Water collection tank; 11. Inlet pump unit; 12. Overflow valve; 13. Large seepage controller; 14-1. Inlet water pressure sensor; 14-2. Outlet water pressure sensor; 15-1. First flowmeter; 15-2. Second flowmeter; 16. Water inlet; 17. Water outlet; 18. Experimental tank body; 19. Track base; 20 , external frame; 21, height adjustment screw; 22, assembly positioning nut; 23, ball row; 24, dynamic load telescopic arm; 25, dynamic load controller; 26, top plate sample; 27, crack; 28-1, upper Protection plate; 28-2, lower protection plate; 29-1, upper osmosis pressure plate; 29-2, lower osmosis pressure plate; 30, water diversion joint of osmosis plate; 31, metal pressurized water pipe; 32, oil-proof rubber Membrane; 33, strain gauge; 34, pressure sensor; 35, wire bearing; 36-1, upper loading piston; 36-2, lower loading piston; 37, buckle; 38, buckle collar; 40, data line hole ; 41. Data collector.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”“前端”、“后端”、“两端”、“一端”、“另一端”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”、“第五”、“第六”、“第七”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“设置有”、“连接”等，应做广义理解，例如“连接”，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "both ends", "one end", "another end" The orientation or positional relationship indicated by etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, use a specific Azimuth configuration and operation, therefore, should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth", "seventh", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicative or imply relative importance. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "set with", "connected", etc. should be interpreted in a broad sense, such as "connected", which can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
为了解决现有技术存在的问题，如图1至图5所示，本发明提供了一种动荷载影响下顶板渗流试验装置，包括实验罐体18、轴压系统、围压系统、大渗流系统、动荷载系统、外部框架20和控制系统；In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, the present invention provides a roof seepage test device under the influence of dynamic load, including an experimental tank 18, an axial pressure system, a confining pressure system, and a large seepage system , dynamic load system, external frame 20 and control system;
实验罐体18的顶部设有出水口17，实验罐体18的底部设有进水口16，实验罐体18侧壁的下部设有第一通孔6，实验罐体18侧壁的上部设有第二通孔7，实验罐体18的内部设置有顶板试样26，顶板试样26内设有裂隙27，顶板试样26的侧壁设有应变片33和振动传感器，顶板试样26的上方设有上保护板28-1，顶板试样26的下方设有下保护板28-2，上保护板28-1和下保护板28-2均设有与裂隙27正对的通槽，上保护板28-1的上方设有上渗透加压板29-1，下保护板28-2的下方设有下渗透加压板29-2，上保护板28-1和上渗透加压板29-1均设有相对应的渗流孔，下保护板28-2和下渗透加压板29-2均设有相对应的渗流孔，上渗透加压板29-1和下渗透加压板29-2均设有渗透板引水接头30，上渗透加压板29-1的渗透板引水接头30通过金属承压水管31与出水口17连接，下渗透加压板29-2的渗透板引水接头30通过金属承压水管31与进水口16连接，上渗透加压板29-1、上保护板28-1、顶板试样26、下保护板28-2、下渗透加压板29-2、应变片33和振动传感器的整体的外部包裹隔油橡胶膜32；The top of the experimental tank body 18 is provided with a water outlet 17, the bottom of the experimental tank body 18 is provided with a water inlet 16, the bottom of the experimental tank body 18 side walls is provided with the first through hole 6, and the top of the experimental tank body 18 side walls is provided with The second through hole 7, the inside of the test tank body 18 is provided with a top plate sample 26, the top plate sample 26 is provided with a crack 27, the side wall of the top plate sample 26 is provided with a strain gauge 33 and a vibration sensor, and the top plate sample 26 is provided with a strain gauge 33 and a vibration sensor. An upper protective plate 28-1 is provided above, and a lower protective plate 28-2 is provided below the roof sample 26, and both the upper protective plate 28-1 and the lower protective plate 28-2 are provided with through grooves facing the crack 27, An upper osmotic pressure plate 29-1 is provided above the upper protective plate 28-1, a lower osmotic pressure plate 29-2 is provided below the lower protective plate 28-2, an upper protective plate 28-1 and an upper osmotic pressure plate 29-1 are equipped with corresponding seepage holes, the lower protective plate 28-2 and the lower osmotic pressure plate 29-2 are equipped with corresponding seepage holes, the upper osmotic pressure plate 29-1 and the lower osmotic pressure plate 29-2 are equipped with permeable plate water diversion joint 30, the permeable plate water diversion joint 30 of the upper permeable pressure plate 29-1 is connected with the water outlet 17 through the metal pressurized water pipe 31, and the permeable plate water diversion of the lower permeable pressure plate 29-2 The joint 30 is connected to the water inlet 16 through a metal pressure-bearing water pipe 31, the upper osmosis pressure plate 29-1, the upper protection plate 28-1, the top plate sample 26, the lower protection plate 28-2, and the lower osmosis pressure plate 29-2 , the whole exterior of the strain gauge 33 and the vibration sensor wraps the oil-proof rubber film 32;
轴压系统包括上加载活塞36-1、加载千斤顶9、下加载活塞36-2和压力传感器34，上加载活塞36-1设置在上渗透加压板29-1的上方，且与实验罐体18的顶部通过线轴承35连接，上加载活塞36-1的上方设有加载千斤顶9，下加载活塞36-2设置在下渗透加压板29-2的下方，且与实验罐体18的底部通过线轴承35连接，下加载活塞36-2的下方设有压力传感器34；The axial pressure system includes an upper loading piston 36-1, a loading jack 9, a lower loading piston 36-2 and a pressure sensor 34. The upper loading piston 36-1 is arranged above the upper osmotic pressure plate 29-1, and is connected to the experimental tank The top of 18 is connected by a wire bearing 35, a loading jack 9 is arranged above the upper loading piston 36-1, and the lower loading piston 36-2 is arranged below the lower osmotic pressure plate 29-2, and passes through the bottom of the experimental tank body 18. The line bearing 35 is connected, and a pressure sensor 34 is provided below the lower loading piston 36-2;
围压系统包括液压油罐1、进油泵组3和回油气泵2，液压油罐1分别通过第一围压管线和第二围压管线与第一通孔6连通，液压油罐1通过第三围压管线与第二通孔7连通，第一围压管线上设置有进油泵组3和第一截止阀5-1，第二围压管线上设有第二截止阀5-2，第三围压管线上设有第五截止阀5-5和第三截止阀5-3，第五截止阀5-5设置在靠近液压油罐1的一侧，回油气泵2设置在第五截止阀5-5和第三截止阀5-3之间，且通过第四围压管线与第三围压管线连通，第四围压管线上设有第四截止阀5-4；The confining pressure system includes a hydraulic oil tank 1, an oil inlet pump group 3 and an oil return air pump 2. The hydraulic oil tank 1 communicates with the first through hole 6 through the first confining pressure pipeline and the second confining pressure pipeline respectively, and the hydraulic oil tank 1 passes through the second confining pressure pipeline. The three confining pressure pipelines communicate with the second through hole 7, the first confining pressure pipeline is provided with an oil inlet pump group 3 and the first shut-off valve 5-1, the second confining pressure pipeline is provided with a second shut-off valve 5-2, and the second confining pressure pipeline is provided with a second shut-off valve 5-2. The fifth cut-off valve 5-5 and the third cut-off valve 5-3 are arranged on the three-enclosed pressure pipeline, the fifth cut-off valve 5-5 is set on the side close to the hydraulic oil tank 1, and the oil return pump 2 is set on the fifth cut-off valve. Between the valve 5-5 and the third shut-off valve 5-3, and communicate with the third confining pressure pipeline through the fourth confining pressure pipeline, the fourth shut-off valve 5-4 is arranged on the fourth confining pressure pipeline;
大渗流系统包括集水槽10、进水泵组11、溢流阀12、进水水压传感器14-1、出水水压传感器14-2、第一流量计15-1和第二流量计15-2，集水槽10通过第一渗流管线与进水口16连通，第一渗流管线上设置有溢流阀12和进水泵组11，溢流阀12设置在靠近进水口16的一侧，溢流阀12通过第二渗流管线与集水槽10连通，进水水压传感器14-1设置在进水口16处，出水口17分别通过第三渗流管线和第四渗流管线与集水槽10连通，第三渗流管线上设置有第一流量计15-1和第六截止阀5-6，第四渗流管线上设置有第二流量计15-2和第七截止阀5-7，第一流量计15-1和第二流量计15-2均设置在靠近集水槽10的一侧，第一流量计15-1的量程为1000ml/s～20000ml/s，第二流量计15-2的量程为0.5ml/s～5000ml/s，第三渗流管线和第四渗流管线靠近出水口17的一侧同时与出水水压传感器14-2连接；The large seepage system includes a sump 10, an inlet pump group 11, an overflow valve 12, an inlet water pressure sensor 14-1, an outlet water pressure sensor 14-2, a first flow meter 15-1 and a second flow meter 15-2 , the sump 10 communicates with the water inlet 16 through the first seepage pipeline, the overflow valve 12 and the water inlet pump group 11 are arranged on the first seepage pipeline, the overflow valve 12 is arranged on the side close to the water inlet 16, and the overflow valve 12 The second seepage pipeline communicates with the sump 10, the water inlet pressure sensor 14-1 is arranged at the water inlet 16, the water outlet 17 communicates with the sump 10 through the third seepage pipeline and the fourth seepage pipeline respectively, and the third seepage pipeline The first flow meter 15-1 and the sixth cut-off valve 5-6 are arranged on the top, the second flow meter 15-2 and the seventh cut-off valve 5-7 are arranged on the fourth seepage line, the first flow meter 15-1 and the The second flowmeters 15-2 are all arranged on the side close to the sump 10, the measuring range of the first flowmeter 15-1 is 1000ml/s～20000ml/s, and the measuring range of the second flowmeter 15-2 is 0.5ml/s ~5000ml/s, the third seepage line and the fourth seepage line are connected to the outlet water pressure sensor 14-2 at the same time on the side close to the water outlet 17;
动荷载系统包括动荷载伸缩臂24和轨道基座19，动荷载伸缩臂24的上部与实验罐体18的底部连接，轨道基座19设置在动荷载伸缩臂24的下方，且与动荷载伸缩臂24通过多个滚珠排23连接；The dynamic load system comprises a dynamic load telescopic arm 24 and a track base 19, the top of the dynamic load telescopic arm 24 is connected with the bottom of the experimental tank body 18, and the track base 19 is arranged under the dynamic load telescopic arm 24, and is connected with the dynamic load telescopic arm 24. The arms 24 are connected by a plurality of ball rows 23;
外部框架20设置在实验罐体18的四周，外部框架20的立柱与轨道基座19通过用组装定位螺母22连接，外部框架20的立柱上设有多个调高螺旋21，调高螺旋21与实验罐体18的侧壁连接，外部框架20的底部与轨道基座19通过滚珠排23连接，实验罐体18的升降由外部框架20上调高螺旋21进行调节，在实验准备阶段，外部框架20通过组装定位螺母22与轨道基座19相连以保证准备阶段整体的稳定性；The external frame 20 is arranged around the experimental tank body 18, and the column of the external frame 20 is connected with the track base 19 by assembling positioning nuts 22. The column of the external frame 20 is provided with a plurality of height-adjusting screws 21, and the height-adjusting screw 21 and the The side wall of the experimental tank body 18 is connected, and the bottom of the external frame 20 is connected with the track base 19 through the ball row 23. The lifting of the experimental tank body 18 is regulated by the height adjustment screw 21 on the external frame 20. In the experimental preparation stage, the external frame 20 By assembling the positioning nut 22 and connecting to the track base 19 to ensure the overall stability of the preparation stage;
控制系统包括围压控制器4、轴压控制器8、大渗流控制器13、动荷载控制器25和数据采集器41，围压控制器4与进油泵组3连接，轴压控制器8与加载千斤顶9连接，大渗流控制器13与溢流阀12连接，动荷载控制器25与动荷载伸缩臂24连接，数据采集器41分别与应变片33和振动传感器连接。The control system includes a confining pressure controller 4, an axial pressure controller 8, a large seepage flow controller 13, a dynamic load controller 25 and a data collector 41. The confining pressure controller 4 is connected to the oil inlet pump group 3, and the axial pressure controller 8 is connected to the The loading jack 9 is connected, the large seepage controller 13 is connected with the overflow valve 12, the dynamic load controller 25 is connected with the dynamic load telescopic arm 24, and the data collector 41 is respectively connected with the strain gauge 33 and the vibration sensor.
本实施例中，控制系统采用EDC全数字测控器，通过EDC全数字测控器中的围压控制器4、轴压控制器8、大渗流控制器13、动荷载控制器25和数据采集器41对顶板试样26进行控制，EDC全数字测控器具有多个测量通道，可以对其中任意一通道进行闭环控制，而且可以在试验中对控制通道进行无间断转换，可以单独进行工作，也可以由计算机控制进行工作。本实施例中，加载千斤顶9不工作时与上加载活塞36-1之间有一定的间隙，不接触。进油泵组3设置在靠近液压油罐1的一侧。如图3所示，第一通孔6为向实验罐体18内进油或者向液压油罐1内回油的孔，第二通孔7为实验罐体18溢油孔或者进气孔。加载千斤顶9固设在实验罐体18顶部。压力传感器34设置在动荷载伸缩臂24的上方中部。上渗透加压板29-1的渗透板引水接头30与出水口17的位置对应，且通过金属承压水管31连接，下渗透加压板29-2的渗透板引水接头30与进水口16的位置对应，且通过金属承压水管31连接，应变片33采用KYOWA防水应变片33，振动传感器采用DK2250一体化振动传感器。In this embodiment, the control system adopts an EDC full-digital controller, through the confining pressure controller 4, the axial pressure controller 8, the large seepage controller 13, the dynamic load controller 25 and the data collector 41 in the EDC full-digital controller. To control the top plate sample 26, the EDC full-digital controller has multiple measurement channels, which can perform closed-loop control on any of the channels, and can perform uninterrupted conversion of the control channel during the test, which can work independently or by Computer control to carry out the work. In this embodiment, there is a certain gap between the loading jack 9 and the upper loading piston 36-1 when it is not working, and there is no contact. The oil inlet pump group 3 is arranged on one side close to the hydraulic oil tank 1 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the first through hole 6 is a hole for feeding oil into the experimental tank 18 or returning oil to the hydraulic oil tank 1 , and the second through hole 7 is an oil overflow hole or an air inlet of the experimental tank 18 . The loading jack 9 is fixed on the top of the experimental tank body 18 . The pressure sensor 34 is arranged at the upper middle part of the dynamic load telescopic arm 24 . The osmotic plate water diversion joint 30 of the upper osmotic pressure plate 29-1 corresponds to the position of the water outlet 17, and is connected through a metal pressurized water pipe 31. The osmotic plate water diversion joint 30 of the lower osmotic pressure plate 29-2 is connected to the water inlet 16. The positions correspond to each other and are connected through a metal pressure-bearing water pipe 31. The strain gauge 33 is a KYOWA waterproof strain gauge 33, and the vibration sensor is a DK2250 integrated vibration sensor.
本实施例中，实验罐体18底部与动荷载伸缩臂24螺栓连接，动荷载伸缩臂24与轨道基座19通过滚珠排23接触，以保证实验罐体18在施加动荷载时可以顺利跟随动荷载伸缩臂24振动，轨道基座19与动荷载伸缩臂24是通过滚珠排23连接的，即轨道基座19上表面与动荷载伸缩臂24下表面不直接接触，只通过滚珠排23连接，同样，外部框架20与轨道基座19也只通过滚珠排23连接，轨道基座19凹槽二的宽度比滚珠排23的排宽宽1mm，以确保实验罐体18不会发生倾倒，外部框架20与轨道基座19各处间距均为1mm，以维持体系整体稳定，轨道基座19为方形立体结构，外部框架20为与轨道基座19对应的方形立体框架。In this embodiment, the bottom of the experimental tank body 18 is bolted to the dynamic load telescopic arm 24, and the dynamic load telescopic arm 24 is in contact with the track base 19 through the ball row 23 to ensure that the experimental tank body 18 can follow the dynamic load smoothly. The load telescopic arm 24 vibrates, and the track base 19 and the dynamic load telescopic arm 24 are connected by the ball row 23, that is, the upper surface of the track base 19 is not in direct contact with the lower surface of the dynamic load telescopic arm 24, and is only connected by the ball row 23, Equally, external frame 20 is also only connected by ball row 23 with track base 19, and the width of track base 19 grooves 2 is wider than the row width of ball row 23 by 1mm, to ensure that experiment tank body 18 can not topple over, and external frame The distance between 20 and track base 19 is 1mm everywhere to maintain the overall stability of the system. Track base 19 is a square three-dimensional structure, and the external frame 20 is a square three-dimensional frame corresponding to track base 19.
本事实例中，如图3和4所示，顶板试样26为圆柱结构，其直径为30～45cm，其高为10～15cm，裂隙27的开度为0.5～2.0mm，裂隙27与水平方向的夹角为65～90°。上保护板28-1和下保护板28-2均由塑性隔水材料制成，通槽与裂隙27开度相同，深为2.0mm，上保护板28-1和下保护板28-2均设有与裂隙27正对的通槽，上保护板28-1和上渗透加压板29-1均设有相对应的渗流孔，下保护板28-2和下渗透加压板29-2均设有相对应的渗流孔，形成过水通路。如图1和2所示，应变片33和振动传感器沿顶板试样26侧壁同一水平高度的周向间隔设置，顶板试样26侧壁的上部、中部和下部均分别设有应变片33和振动传感器。实验罐体18的底部设有数据线孔40，应变片33和振动传感器均与数据采集器41通过数据线连接，数据线穿过数据线孔40。In this example, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the top plate sample 26 is a cylindrical structure, its diameter is 30-45cm, its height is 10-15cm, the opening of the crack 27 is 0.5-2.0mm, and the crack 27 is parallel to the horizontal direction. The included angle is 65-90°. The upper protective plate 28-1 and the lower protective plate 28-2 are all made of plastic water-proof material, the opening of the through groove is the same as that of the crack 27, and the depth is 2.0mm, and the upper protective plate 28-1 and the lower protective plate 28-2 are both There is a through groove facing the crack 27, the upper protection plate 28-1 and the upper osmosis pressure plate 29-1 are equipped with corresponding seepage holes, the lower protection plate 28-2 and the lower osmosis pressure plate 29-2 Corresponding seepage holes are provided to form water passages. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, strain gauges 33 and vibration sensors are arranged at circumferential intervals along the same horizontal height of the top plate sample 26 side walls, and the top, middle and bottom of the top plate sample 26 side walls are respectively provided with strain gauges 33 and vibration sensor. The bottom of the experimental tank 18 is provided with a data line hole 40 , the strain gauge 33 and the vibration sensor are connected to the data collector 41 through the data line, and the data line passes through the data line hole 40 .
本事实例中，实验罐体18的顶部设有上加载活塞连接孔，上加载活塞36-1穿过上加载活塞连接孔且与上加载活塞连接孔通过线轴承35连接，实验罐体18的底部设有下加载活塞连接孔，下加载活塞36-2穿过下加载活塞连接孔且与下加载活塞连接孔通过线轴承35连接，上渗透加压板29-1的顶部设有与上加载活塞36-1对应的上加压板凹槽，下渗透加压板29-2的底部设有与下加载活塞36-2对应的下加压板凹槽，上加压板凹槽与上加载活塞36-1的对应尺寸相同，下加压板凹槽与下加载活塞36-2的对应尺寸相同，以保证上加载活塞36-1和下加载活塞36-2顺利传递轴压。如图2所示，试验罐体的侧壁与试验罐体的底部通过卡扣37连接，卡扣37的外部设有卡扣套环38。本实施例中，实验罐体18的侧壁与实验罐体18底部通过卡扣37连接，实验罐体18在安装或者拆除顶板试样26过程中，通过调节外部框架20上与实验罐体18侧壁连接的调高螺旋21实现实验罐体18的升降，实验罐体18降至实验罐体18底部后，插入卡扣37并在卡扣37外部放下卡扣套环38，实验结束后依次取下卡扣套环38、移除卡扣37、提升实验罐体18后拆除顶板试样26。In this example, the top of the experimental tank body 18 is provided with an upper loading piston connecting hole, and the upper loading piston 36-1 passes through the upper loading piston connecting hole and is connected with the upper loading piston connecting hole by a wire bearing 35. The bottom of the experimental tank body 18 The lower loading piston connecting hole is provided, the lower loading piston 36-2 passes through the lower loading piston connecting hole and is connected with the lower loading piston connecting hole through the line bearing 35, and the top of the upper osmotic pressure plate 29-1 is provided with the upper loading piston. 36-1 corresponding to the upper pressure plate groove, the bottom of the lower permeation pressure plate 29-2 is provided with a lower pressure plate groove corresponding to the lower loading piston 36-2, the upper pressure plate groove and the upper loading piston The corresponding dimensions of 36-1 are the same, and the corresponding dimensions of the groove of the lower pressure plate are the same as those of the lower loading piston 36-2, so as to ensure the smooth transmission of axial pressure between the upper loading piston 36-1 and the lower loading piston 36-2. As shown in FIG. 2 , the side wall of the test tank is connected to the bottom of the test tank through a buckle 37 , and a buckle collar 38 is provided outside the buckle 37 . In this embodiment, the side wall of the experimental tank body 18 is connected to the bottom of the experimental tank body 18 through buckles 37. During the installation or removal of the roof sample 26 of the experimental tank body 18, the outer frame 20 and the experimental tank body 18 are connected to each other. The height-adjusting screw 21 connected to the side wall realizes the lifting of the experimental tank body 18. After the experimental tank body 18 falls to the bottom of the experimental tank body 18, the buckle 37 is inserted and the buckle collar 38 is put down outside the buckle 37. Take off the buckle collar 38, remove the buckle 37, lift the test tank body 18, and remove the top plate sample 26.
如图5所示，轨道基座19顶部的中间设有凹槽一，动荷载伸缩臂24底部设有与轨道基座19的凹槽一对应的凸起，轨道基座19的凹槽一与动荷载伸缩臂24底部的凸起通过滚珠排23连接，轨道基座19顶部的四周设有凹槽二，凹槽二与动荷载伸缩臂24底部通过滚珠排23连接，轨道基座19的侧面设有凹槽三，凹槽三与外部框架20的底部通过滚珠排23连接。As shown in Figure 5, groove one is provided in the middle of the track base 19 top, and the bottom of the dynamic load telescopic arm 24 is provided with a protrusion corresponding to the groove one of the track base 19, and the groove one of the track base 19 is in contact with the groove one of the track base 19. The protrusion at the bottom of the dynamic load telescopic arm 24 is connected by the ball row 23, and grooves 2 are arranged around the top of the track base 19, and the groove 2 is connected with the bottom of the dynamic load telescopic arm 24 by the ball row 23. A third groove is provided, and the third groove is connected to the bottom of the outer frame 20 through a ball row 23 .
上述一种动荷载影响下顶板渗流试验装置的试验方法，包括以下步骤：The test method of the above-mentioned roof seepage test device under the influence of a kind of dynamic load comprises the following steps:
步骤一、在顶板试样26的侧壁粘贴应变片33和埋设振动传感器，顶板试样26侧壁的上部、中部和下部均分别设有应变片33和振动传感器，在同一水平面上的应变片33和振动传感器间隔设置；Step 1: Paste strain gauges 33 and embed vibration sensors on the side wall of the top plate sample 26. The upper, middle and lower parts of the top plate sample 26 side walls are respectively provided with strain gauges 33 and vibration sensors. The strain gauges on the same horizontal plane 33 and vibration sensor interval setting;
步骤二、安装顶板试样26，首先用组装定位螺母22将外部框架20与轨道基座19固定，将上保护板28-1和下保护板28-2的通槽分别与顶板试样26的裂隙27正对，将上保护板28-1和上渗透加压板29-1的渗流孔对应，将下保护板28-2和下渗透加压板29-2的渗流孔对应，按照上渗透加压板29-1、上保护板28-1、顶板试样26、下保护板28-2和下渗透加压板29-2的顺序对齐后用隔油橡胶膜32包裹，并整体安放于下加载活塞36-2上，使下渗透加压板29-2的下加压板凹槽与下加载活塞36-2对应，将应变片33和振动传感器分别通过数据线与数据采集器41连接，上渗透加压板29-1和下渗透加压板29-2的渗透板引水接头30分别与金属承压水管31连接，调节外部框架20上的调高螺旋21降下实验罐体18，使金属承压水管31与对应的进水口16或出水口17连接，将卡扣37插入实验罐体18侧壁与实验罐体18底部连接处，对齐后放下卡扣套环38；Step 2: Install the top plate sample 26, first fix the outer frame 20 and the track base 19 with the assembly positioning nut 22, and connect the through grooves of the upper protection plate 28-1 and the lower protection plate 28-2 with the top plate sample 26 respectively. The cracks 27 are facing each other, and the upper protection plate 28-1 corresponds to the seepage hole of the upper osmotic pressure plate 29-1, and the lower protection plate 28-2 corresponds to the seepage hole of the lower osmotic pressure plate 29-2. Pressurized plate 29-1, upper protective plate 28-1, top plate sample 26, lower protective plate 28-2 and lower osmotic pressurized plate 29-2 are aligned and then wrapped with oil-proof rubber film 32 and placed on the On the lower loading piston 36-2, make the groove of the lower pressure plate of the lower osmotic pressure plate 29-2 correspond to the lower loading piston 36-2, and connect the strain gauge 33 and the vibration sensor to the data collector 41 through the data line respectively , the water diversion joints 30 of the upper osmotic pressure plate 29-1 and the lower osmotic pressure plate 29-2 are respectively connected with the metal pressurized water pipe 31, and the height adjustment screw 21 on the outer frame 20 is adjusted to lower the experimental tank body 18, so that The metal pressurized water pipe 31 is connected with the corresponding water inlet 16 or water outlet 17, the buckle 37 is inserted into the connection between the side wall of the experimental tank body 18 and the bottom of the experimental tank body 18, and the buckle collar 38 is put down after alignment;
步骤三、施加围压前准备，首先打开第一截止阀5-1、关闭第二截止阀5-2、打开第三截止阀5-3、关闭第四截止阀5-4、打开第五截止阀5-5，启动进油泵组3，使液压油罐1通过第一通孔6向实验罐体18内部充液压油，用于对顶板试样26提供径向围压，待实验罐体18内充满液压油后，液压油经由第二通孔7流出，经第三截止阀5-3和第五截止阀5-5流回液压油罐1，直至第二通孔7不再排除气泡，确认排净实验罐体18内空气后，暂时停止进油泵组3工作，关闭第一截止阀5-1，待第二通孔7不再因压力溢油后，关闭第三截止阀5-3和第五截止阀5-5，打开第一截止阀5-1；Step 3: Prepare before applying confining pressure. First, open the first cut-off valve 5-1, close the second cut-off valve 5-2, open the third cut-off valve 5-3, close the fourth cut-off valve 5-4, and open the fifth cut-off valve. Valve 5-5 starts the oil inlet pump group 3, so that the hydraulic oil tank 1 fills the interior of the experimental tank body 18 with hydraulic oil through the first through hole 6, and is used to provide radial confining pressure for the roof sample 26. The experimental tank body 18 After the inside is filled with hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil flows out through the second through hole 7, and flows back to the hydraulic oil tank 1 through the third stop valve 5-3 and the fifth stop valve 5-5 until the second through hole 7 no longer removes air bubbles. After confirming that the air in the test tank 18 is exhausted, temporarily stop the work of the oil inlet pump group 3, close the first shut-off valve 5-1, and close the third shut-off valve 5-3 after the second through hole 7 no longer overflows due to pressure. and the fifth shut-off valve 5-5, open the first shut-off valve 5-1;
步骤四、大渗流试验前饱水排气，待轴压与围压准备结束后，启动进水泵组11，对实验罐体18内顶板试样26进行饱水排气，大渗流系统供水由进水口16进入实验罐体18从出水口17流出，直至出水口17不在溢出气泡，暂时关闭进水泵组11；Step 4: Exhaust water before the large seepage test. After the axial pressure and confining pressure preparations are completed, start the water inlet pump group 11 to perform saturated water exhaust on the roof sample 26 in the test tank 18. The water supply of the large seepage system is provided by the inlet The water port 16 enters the experimental tank body 18 and flows out from the water outlet 17 until the water outlet 17 is no longer overflowing with air bubbles, and the water inlet pump group 11 is temporarily closed;
步骤五、开始试验并采集数据，通过轴压控制器8控制加载千斤顶9对顶板试样26施加轴压，并通过压力传感器34实时记录加载过程中轴压，通过围压控制器4控制进油泵组3对顶板试样26施加围压，围压控制器4显示加载过程中围压，并通过应变片33实时记录顶板试样26的形变量，通过大渗流控制器13控制溢流阀12对顶板试样26进行大渗流供水，大渗流控制器13显示进水口进水流量，通过进水水压传感器14-1记录进水口水压，通过出水水压传感器14-2记录出水口水压，通过第一流量计15-1或第二流量计15-2记录出水口出水流量，待轴压、围压、顶板试样26的形变量、进水口进水流量、进水口水压、出水口出水流量和出水口水压相对稳定后，拆除组装定位螺母22，通过动荷载控制器25控制动荷载伸缩臂24对实验罐体18施加动荷载，通过振动传感器记录施加动荷载时动荷载方向上顶板试样26的加速度，同时，控制系统采集动荷载施加时的轴压、围压、顶板试样26的形变量、进水口进水流量、进水口水压、出水口出水流量和出水口水压；Step 5: start the test and collect data, control the loading jack 9 to apply axial pressure to the roof sample 26 through the axial pressure controller 8, and record the axial pressure during the loading process in real time through the pressure sensor 34, and control the oil inlet pump through the confining pressure controller 4 Group 3 applies confining pressure to the roof sample 26, and the confining pressure controller 4 displays the confining pressure during the loading process, and records the deformation of the roof sample 26 in real time through the strain gauge 33, and controls the overflow valve 12 through the large seepage controller 13. The top plate sample 26 is used for large seepage water supply, the large seepage flow controller 13 displays the water flow rate at the water inlet, the water inlet pressure is recorded by the water inlet pressure sensor 14-1, and the water outlet water pressure is recorded by the water outlet pressure sensor 14-2. Use the first flowmeter 15-1 or the second flowmeter 15-2 to record the water outlet flow rate, the axial pressure, the confining pressure, the deformation of the roof sample 26, the water inlet flow rate, the water inlet pressure, and the water outlet pressure. After the water outlet flow rate and outlet water pressure are relatively stable, dismantle and assemble the positioning nut 22, control the dynamic load telescopic arm 24 to apply a dynamic load to the experimental tank 18 through the dynamic load controller 25, and record the direction of the dynamic load when the dynamic load is applied through the vibration sensor. The acceleration of the top plate sample 26. At the same time, the control system collects the axial pressure, confining pressure, deformation of the top plate sample 26, water inlet flow rate, water inlet water pressure, water outlet flow rate and water outlet water flow rate when the dynamic load is applied. pressure;
步骤六、复位、卸压，实验结束后通过动荷载控制器25使动荷载伸缩臂24复位，重新安装组装定位螺母22，使轨道基座19与实验罐体18保持相对静止，停止加载千斤顶9施加轴压并收缩其下表面使其不与上加载活塞36-1接触，停止进水泵组11工作，打开溢流阀12自然排净顶板试样26内存水，停止进油泵组3工作，关闭第一截止阀5-1，打开第五截止阀5-5和第三截止阀5-3，先使带压液压油经由第二通孔7流回液压油罐1内，待溢油稳定不在外溢后，依次打开第二截止阀5-2、关闭第五截止阀5-5、打开第四截止阀5-4，启动回油气泵2，使空气经由第二通孔7进入实验罐体18内使其内液压油经第一通孔6和第二截止阀5-2返回液压油罐1内，确认第一通孔再无液压油流出后，关闭回油气泵2，气压稳定后关闭所有截止阀，并检查；Step 6: Reset and depressurize. After the experiment is over, reset the dynamic load telescopic arm 24 through the dynamic load controller 25, reinstall and assemble the positioning nut 22, keep the track base 19 and the experimental tank body 18 relatively static, and stop loading the jack 9 Apply axial pressure and shrink its lower surface so that it does not contact the upper loading piston 36-1, stop the work of the water inlet pump group 11, open the overflow valve 12 to naturally drain the water stored in the top plate sample 26, stop the work of the oil inlet pump group 3, and close The first cut-off valve 5-1, open the fifth cut-off valve 5-5 and the third cut-off valve 5-3, first let the pressurized hydraulic oil flow back into the hydraulic oil tank 1 through the second through hole 7, and wait until the oil overflow is stable After the overflow, open the second stop valve 5-2, close the fifth stop valve 5-5, open the fourth stop valve 5-4, start the oil and air return pump 2, and let the air enter the experimental tank 18 through the second through hole 7 Make the hydraulic oil return to the hydraulic oil tank 1 through the first through hole 6 and the second stop valve 5-2. After confirming that there is no hydraulic oil flowing out of the first through hole, turn off the oil return pump 2, and turn off all the oil pumps after the air pressure is stable. shut-off valve, and check;
步骤七、顶板试样26拆卸，实验结束后依次取下卡扣套环38、去除卡扣37、通过调高螺旋21上升实验罐体18，取下顶板试样26并拆除隔油橡胶膜32。Step 7. Disassemble the top plate sample 26. After the experiment, take off the buckle collar 38, remove the buckle 37, raise the test tank 18 through the height adjustment screw 21, remove the top plate sample 26 and remove the oil-proof rubber film 32 .
在实际使用中，更换不同裂隙27参数的顶板试样26，通过本发明的一种动荷载影响下顶板渗流试验装置进行试验，分别在试验过程中同时采集顶板试样26在施加动荷载时的轴压、围压、顶板试样26的形变量、进水口进水流量、进水口水压、出水口出水流量、出水口水压和加速度的数据，实验结束后顶板试样26拆卸并观察顶板试样26的破坏变形特征，分析这些数据相互间耦合关系的演化模型，定量描述和分析裂隙27开度、倾角对动荷载作用下顶板稳定性及阻隔水能力恢复的影响机理。In actual use, the roof sample 26 with different crack 27 parameters is replaced, and the roof seepage test device under the influence of a kind of dynamic load of the present invention is used for testing, and the roof sample 26 is collected at the same time during the test. Axial pressure, confining pressure, deformation of roof sample 26, water inlet flow rate, water inlet water pressure, water outlet flow rate, water outlet water pressure and acceleration data. After the experiment, roof sample 26 was disassembled and the roof was observed The damage and deformation characteristics of sample 26 were analyzed, the evolution model of the coupling relationship between these data was analyzed, and the mechanism of the influence of the opening and inclination angle of crack 27 on the stability of the roof under dynamic load and the recovery of water barrier capacity was quantitatively described and analyzed.
本实施例中，为了定量研究模拟隔水顶板原生裂隙27几何形态对渗流试验的影响，为了便于轴压及围岩的施加将顶板试样26设计为圆柱形，在其内部预制一条上下贯通开度0.5～2.0mm，倾角为65～90°的预制裂隙27以模拟煤层隔水顶板原生裂隙27，在裂隙试样模具内侧均匀涂上一层润滑油，固定好预制裂隙钢板，注入配好的非亲水性相似顶板试样26材料，优选为混凝土，振动均匀后，待裂隙27通道试样达到一定强度后拔出预制裂隙钢板，24h初凝后拆模，置入水中养护、饱水，在顶板试样26的侧壁粘贴应变片33和埋设振动传感器，顶板试样26侧壁的上部、中部和下部均分别设有应变片33和振动传感器，在同一水平面上的应变片33和振动传感器间隔设置。In this embodiment, in order to quantitatively study the influence of the geometric shape of the original crack 27 of the simulated water-resisting roof on the seepage test, the roof sample 26 is designed to be cylindrical in order to facilitate the application of axial pressure and surrounding rock, and a vertical through-opening is prefabricated inside it. The prefabricated crack 27 with a degree of 0.5-2.0mm and an inclination of 65-90° is used to simulate the original crack 27 of the coal seam water-proof roof. A layer of lubricating oil is evenly coated on the inside of the crack sample mold, the prefabricated crack steel plate is fixed, and the prepared crack is injected. The non-hydrophilic similar top plate sample 26 material is preferably concrete. After the vibration is uniform, the prefabricated cracked steel plate is pulled out after the crack 27 channel sample reaches a certain strength, and the formwork is removed after 24 hours of initial setting, and it is placed in water for curing and saturation. Paste strain gauges 33 and embed vibration sensors on the side wall of the top plate sample 26, the top, middle and bottom of the top plate sample 26 side walls are respectively provided with strain gauges 33 and vibration sensors, and the strain gauges 33 and vibration sensors on the same horizontal plane Sensor interval setting.
本事实例中，大渗流试验前饱水排气，对实验罐体18内顶板试样26进行饱水排气，即顶板试样26完全浸入水中自然饱水48小时，大渗流系统供水由进水口16进入实验罐体18从出水口17流出，直至出水口17不在溢出气泡，暂时关闭进水泵组11，通过大渗流控制器13控制溢流阀12按照预定进水量供水，启动进水泵组11，超过进水量的部分经过溢流阀12后重新返回集水槽10中，再通过进水口16前分出一支流流经进水水压传感器14-1持续采集数据，供水在顶板试件预制裂隙27内部形成通路后从出水口17流出，出水分流流经出水水压传感器14-2，流入相互并联的第一流量计15-1和第二流量计15-2，在初始阶段，顶板试渗流量较大，此时流量测量打开第六截止阀5-6，关闭第七截止阀5-7，通过第一流量计15-1对出水口出水流量进行监测，实验过程中顶板试样26内部裂隙27在荷载作用下变形，大渗流通路截面积减小，渗流量减小，当流量减小到5000ml/s以下时，关闭第六截止阀5-6，打开第七截止阀5-7，通过第二流量计15-2继续对出水口出水流量进行监测，渗流出水最终流回集水槽10。In the example of this matter, before the large seepage test, the water is saturated and exhausted, and the roof sample 26 in the experimental tank 18 is saturated and exhausted, that is, the roof sample 26 is completely immersed in water and naturally saturated with water for 48 hours, and the water supply of the large seepage system is provided by the water inlet. 16 enters the experimental tank 18 and flows out from the water outlet 17 until the water outlet 17 no longer overflows the air bubbles, temporarily closes the water inlet pump group 11, controls the overflow valve 12 to supply water according to the predetermined water inlet volume through the large seepage flow controller 13, and starts the water inlet pump group 11, The part that exceeds the water intake passes through the overflow valve 12 and then returns to the water collection tank 10, and then a stream is separated from the water inlet 16 to flow through the water inlet pressure sensor 14-1 to continuously collect data, and the water is supplied to the prefabricated crack 27 of the top plate test piece. After the internal passage is formed, it flows out from the water outlet 17, and the outlet water flows through the outlet water pressure sensor 14-2, and flows into the first flow meter 15-1 and the second flow meter 15-2 connected in parallel. At this time, the flow measurement opens the sixth shut-off valve 5-6, closes the seventh shut-off valve 5-7, and monitors the water outlet flow through the first flowmeter 15-1. During the experiment, the internal crack of the roof sample 26 27 is deformed under load, the cross-sectional area of the large seepage channel decreases, and the seepage flow decreases. When the flow rate decreases below 5000ml/s, close the sixth stop valve 5-6, open the seventh stop valve 5-7, and pass The second flow meter 15 - 2 continues to monitor the water flow rate of the water outlet, and the seepage water finally flows back to the sump 10 .
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910086762.0ACN109596501B (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | Roof seepage test device and method under the influence of dynamic load |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910086762.0ACN109596501B (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | Roof seepage test device and method under the influence of dynamic load |
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