CN109546356B - Inverted L-shaped printed oscillator antenna array device based on hybrid feed network - Google Patents
Inverted L-shaped printed oscillator antenna array device based on hybrid feed networkDownload PDFInfo
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- CN109546356B CN109546356BCN201811418087.9ACN201811418087ACN109546356BCN 109546356 BCN109546356 BCN 109546356BCN 201811418087 ACN201811418087 ACN 201811418087ACN 109546356 BCN109546356 BCN 109546356B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic fields and microwaves, in particular to an inverted L-shaped printed oscillator antenna array device based on a mixed feed network, which can be used in radio systems such as aircraft remote control and remote measurement, military mobile communication, radar detection and the like.
Background art:
it now plays an irreplaceable role as a sensor device in radio communication systems. In radio systems, such as radar, navigation, space communication, data link, remote control and telemetry, which have an aircraft as a carrier, the size of the antenna is required to be as small as possible, the structure of the antenna is required to be as simple as possible, and the design speed is required to be high. The printed antenna array has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and the like, and becomes one of the most widely applied antenna forms at present.
For point-to-point communication, beam direction control is sometimes required to facilitate low elevation angle or omni-directional requirements, and in this case, a plurality of antenna units are required to be arranged in an antenna array according to a certain mode. In an array antenna, the number of antenna elements, the discharge position, the excitation amplitude, and the phase mainly affect the performance of the entire array. The operating principle of the array antenna can be regarded as superposition of electromagnetic waves. The superposition is not only a superposition of the amplitude of the electromagnetic waves, but also depends on the phase of the electromagnetic waves, because the electromagnetic waves are mutually out of phase when propagating. The phase of the electromagnetic wave is composed of three parts: initial phase, temporal phase, spatial phase. For an array antenna, when the transmitting antenna and the working frequency are given, the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave is determined, and when the electromagnetic wave simultaneously propagates to a certain area, the time phase is also determined, so that only the space phase is changed. The difference in spatial phase is caused by the difference in position of each antenna element in the array, because the path traveled by the electromagnetic waves radiated by each element when they travel to the same area is different, which results in a path difference. Due to the difference of the spatial phases, the electromagnetic waves are superposed in phase when meeting, and the opposite phase is weakened, so that the radiation field structure of the single antenna is changed. The antenna array has various geometrical structures, and the most popular planar array is a rectangular array, and the center of an array element of the rectangular array is positioned in a rectangular plane.
The feed source feeds each unit in the array through a feed network of the antenna array, and the excitation amplitude and the phase obtained by each unit are controlled to obtain the required antenna radiation characteristic. The feed network is therefore very important. Design requirements for the feed network: low losses, impedance matching, low radiation generation, low impact on the cell, etc. The feed network of the microstrip array antenna mainly comprises a series feed network, a parallel feed network and a mixed feed network at present. The design of the parallel feed network is direct and simple, and a wider frequency band can be obtained. However, for a microstrip array with a large number of array elements, the total feeder line is long, the loss of electromagnetic waves caused by the feeder line is large, and space utilization is not good in series feeding. The series feed has the advantages of small occupied space, simplicity, low loss and the like. However, since the serial connection mode is adopted, the phase deviation becomes large with the accumulation of the feed line when the phase deviation occurs, and the microstrip array antenna fed by the serial resonance is generally narrow-band. A novel Ku frequency band omnidirectional antenna is designed by Liwei, Qijing, Soying and Dunweibo waves, the antenna consists of a double-sided radiation microstrip array, the omnidirectional medium gain radiation characteristic is realized by feeding in a series mode, and the antenna can meet the requirements of a microwave communication system. The Von theory and the Lien tree design an eight-element microstrip antenna array working at 5.8GHz low side lobe in a series feeding mode, and the antenna is easy to manufacture and has the characteristics of double linear polarization, high gain and narrow beam.
The development of modern communications places increasing demands on the miniaturization and low profile of antennas. One way to miniaturize the antenna is to add a ground plane, to exploit the mirror effect of the metal conductor,
the size of the antenna can be reduced by half. The use of inverted-L or inverted-F structures is another effective method for antenna miniaturization and low profile design, because the upper portion of the antenna is bent, the height of the antenna vertical element is greatly reduced. The inverted-L antenna has the geometrical characteristics of low profile and small size, and the radiation field has both vertical and horizontal polarization, so the inverted-L antenna is widely applied to engineering. However, the conventional antenna array device occupies a large space, which is not favorable for engineering implementation.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides the inverted L-shaped printed oscillator antenna array device based on the hybrid feed network, which is suitable for being applied to electronic systems such as aircraft remote measurement, wireless communication, radar and the like and has important engineering application value.
The invention can be achieved by the following measures:
the inverted L-shaped printed oscillator antenna array device based on the hybrid feed network is characterized by being provided with a horizontal printed oscillator radiator and the hybrid feed network, wherein the horizontal printed oscillator radiator is arranged on a horizontal printed oscillator radiator dielectric substrate, the hybrid feed network is arranged on a feed dielectric substrate, a gap is arranged between the horizontal printed oscillator radiator dielectric substrate and the feed dielectric substrate, the horizontal printed oscillator radiator dielectric substrate and the feed dielectric substrate are connected through a metal conductive cylinder, the metal conductive cylinder serves as a vertical part of an oscillator, and the metal conductive cylinder is connected with the horizontal printed oscillator radiator and the hybrid feed network.
The input end of the hybrid feed network is provided with a microstrip line connected with a signal input connector, the output end of the microstrip line divides the signal input by the microstrip line into two paths through a 1 x 2 power divider, the two paths are respectively marked as a left branch input signal and a right branch input signal, one path of output port of the power divider is connected with a left branch, the other path of output port is connected with a right branch, at least two paths of primary branches which are mutually connected in series are arranged in the left branch/the right branch, the output signal of each path of primary branch is divided into two paths again through a secondary 1 x 2 power divider, the two paths of primary branches are marked as secondary branches, the output signal of each path of secondary branch is divided into two paths again through a tertiary 1 x 2 power divider, the two paths of secondary branches are marked as tertiary branches, and the tertiary branches complete the sending of signals; the left branch and the right branch may be symmetrically disposed.
In the invention, the input signals of more than two primary branches in the hybrid feed network should be ensured to be in phase, in order to avoid the phase shift of the input signals of multiple primary branches due to the distance, a semicircular feed adjusting section can be connected in series at the input end of the primary branch, and the length (i.e. the distance between the input nodes of two adjacent primary branches) L of a signal transmission line after the semicircular feed adjusting section is added should satisfy: l + pi · R-2R ═ lambdagWherein L is the length of the feed adjustment section, R is the radius of the semicircular ring, and λgIs the input wavelength.
The printed inverted-L antenna array of the series and parallel mixed feed network is adopted, so that the size of a feed circuit is effectively reduced; compared with the existing series feed network, the design difficulty of the feed circuit is reduced; the inverted L-shaped antenna unit adopts the printed vibrator as the horizontal part structure of the inverted L-shaped antenna unit, and is integrally processed and realized, thereby being beneficial to the realization of engineering; the air gap is loaded between the radiator array and the feed network, and the air gap is used for adjusting the impedance bandwidth and the radiation pattern characteristics, and has the remarkable advantages of reasonable structure, reliable work, contribution to production and application and the like.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior parallel feed network structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art series network architecture.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the hybrid feed network of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of an ILA antenna.
Fig. 6 is a return loss simulation result of the present invention in the example.
FIG. 7 printed inverted L antenna using hybrid feed network at f1The radiation characteristic simulation results in time, wherein 7(a) is a three-dimensional gain pattern, 7(b) is a three-dimensional axial ratio pattern, 7(c) is a xoz-plane gain pattern, 7(d) is an xoz-plane axial ratio pattern, 7(e) is a yoz-plane gain pattern, and 7(f) is a yoz-plane axial ratio pattern.
FIG. 8 is a printed inverted-L antenna at f using a hybrid feed network in an embodiment of the present invention0The radiation characteristic simulation results in time, wherein 8(a) is a three-dimensional gain pattern, 8(b) is a three-dimensional axial ratio pattern, 8(c) is a xoz-plane gain pattern, 8(d) is an xoz-plane axial ratio pattern, 8(e) is a yoz-plane gain pattern, and 8(f) is a yoz-plane axial ratio pattern.
FIG. 9 is a printed inverted-L antenna at f using a hybrid feed network in an embodiment of the present invention2The simulation result of the radiation characteristics at the time of 9(a) is a three-dimensional gain pattern, 9(b) is a three-dimensional axial ratio pattern, 9(c) is a xoz-plane gain pattern, 9(d) is an xoz-plane axial ratio pattern, 9(e) is a yoz-plane gain pattern, and 9(f) is a yoz-plane axial ratio pattern.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a horizontal printedoscillator radiator 1, adielectric substrate 2 of the horizontal printed oscillator radiator, adielectric substrate 3 of a hybrid feed network, amicrostrip line 4, aprimary branch 5, asecondary branch 6, atertiary branch 7 and a feedphase adjusting section 8.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention provides a printing inverted-L antenna array system device adopting a series and parallel mixed network, which consists of a series and parallel mixed feed network, metal conductive cylinders vertically connected with an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate and a horizontal printing oscillator radiator array, wherein the mixed feed network and the horizontalprinting oscillator radiator 1 array are respectively made of single-layer microwave printed circuit substrates, the two layers of microwave printed circuit substrates are interconnected by vertically connected metal conductive cylinders, and each vertical metal conductive cylinder and the corresponding microstrip printing oscillator form an inverted-L oscillator unit radiator as shown in figure 1. The invention designs a model of a printed inverted-L antenna array system using a mixed series and parallel network as shown in FIG. 1.
The series and parallel mixed feed network is made of a layer of microwave printed circuit board, the feed port is positioned at the edge of the circuit board, and belongs to a side feed mode, and for the radiator unit, the feed network provides signal excitation for each inverted L-shaped oscillator, so that the series and parallel mixed feed network designed by the invention is a single-input multi-output multi-port network, and the parallel feed network is used for distributing input power by using a plurality of power distributors; controlling the amplitude and the phase of the current of the array element through distribution; the power divider has multiple forms of two paths, three paths, multiple paths and the like, and can also be divided into an equal division form and an unequal division form. The parallel feed network structure is shown in fig. 2, and the series feed network mainly has two forms, as shown in fig. 3; the feed network in fig. 3(a) is similar to the cascade form, and the feed network in fig. 3(b) is the form in which each microstrip patch element is connected to the main feed line by a microstrip feed line. In the series feeding structure of fig. 3(a), the width of the feeding line is selected to be proper and not too large, otherwise the antenna performance is deteriorated. For the series feeding mode in fig. 3(b), since the radiating element is located at the end of each feeder line, the design of impedance matching is simple. In the invention, in order to obtain better antenna performance and reduce the size of the antenna array, a series-parallel combined mode is adopted for feeding, and a designed series-parallel mixed feed network is shown in fig. 4; the input end of the hybrid feed network is provided with amicrostrip line 4 connected with a signal input joint, the output end of themicrostrip line 4 is divided into two paths through a 1 x 2 power distributor, the two paths of signals are respectively marked as a left branch input signal and a right branch input signal, one path of output port of the power distributor is connected with the left branch, the other path of output port is connected with the right branch, at least two paths ofprimary branches 5 which are mutually connected in series are arranged in the left branch/right branch, the output signal of each path ofprimary branch 5 is divided into two paths through a secondary 1 x 2 power distributor again and marked as asecondary branch 6, the output signal of each path ofsecondary branch 6 is divided into two paths through a tertiary 1 x 2 power distributor again and marked as atertiary branch 7, and thetertiary branch 7 finishes the sending of signals; in order to ensure the same phase relation of each radiating element, a feedphase adjusting section 8 is introduced, and the phase adjustment is realized by the length of a semicircular transmission line.
For monopole antenna, adopting inverted L or inverted F structure is an effective method for antenna miniaturization and low profile design, and the height of antenna vertical element is greatly reduced due to bending on the upper part of antenna. An important feature of a low profile inverted-L antenna is that it produces a field with both vertical and horizontal polarizations. However, the horizontal length of the inverted-L antenna is not short. The ILA is composed of a short monopole as a vertical element and a horizontal element connected to the end of the monopole as shown in fig. 5. In general, the height of a vertical element is much less than the wavelength and is electrically small. A typical inverted-L antenna has a height of only 0.01 wavelength and a horizontal portion of a relatively long length, typically 1/4 wavelengths. ILA antennas are essentially low profile antennas and can be considered as short monopole antennas loaded with a long overhead line. Due to the existence of the top, the input reactance of the antenna is reduced, and the matching performance of the antenna is improved. The invention adopts metal conductive cylinders as the vertical parts of the oscillators, the horizontal parts are realized by adopting printed electric oscillators, the printed electric oscillators of the whole array are processed on the same microwave dielectric substrate, the feeding network and the circuit board where the radiator oscillators are positioned are arranged in parallel, the feeding network and the circuit board are interconnected by adopting the metal conductive cylinders, and the whole antenna is fixed by adopting screws. And simulating and optimizing the printed inverted-L-shaped antenna array by adopting a full-wave electromagnetic simulation technology, and finally determining the size parameters of the antenna according to the impedance and the directional diagram indexes.
Example (b):
the invention designs a specific printing inverted-L antenna array device adopting a series and parallel mixed network, full-wave electromagnetic simulation software is adopted to carry out performance simulation on the antenna array, and the simulation experiment result verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the printing inverted-L antenna array device adopting the series and parallel mixed network.
The return loss characteristic of the printed inverted-L antenna array adopting the series and parallel mixed network designed by the invention is shown in figure 6, and as can be seen from the figure, the return loss of the antenna is at the central working frequency point f0The expected requirement is met, and the return loss is about-10 dB.
To characterize the radiation characteristics of the antenna, fig. 7, 8 and 9 are given at f, respectively1、f0And f2Simulation results of the radiation gain pattern and axial ratio pattern of the antenna at time, wherein f1And f2Are side frequency components. On a working frequency point, the designed printed inverted L antenna array adopting the hybrid feed network has the radiation gain of about 17dB main radiation direction axial ratio greater than 20dB and has approximate linear polarization characteristics.
In summary, the present invention provides a printed inverted L antenna array system apparatus using a hybrid network of series and parallel connections; the feed network is simple in structure, compact in structure and easy to realize amplitude and phase control; the printed oscillator is adopted as the radiator of the antenna, and the whole radiator array is made of the same printed circuit, so that the structure is simple, and the precision is high; the printed circuit board where the horizontal oscillator is located and the printed circuit board where the feed network is located are interconnected through metal conductive cylinders with air gaps, and the bandwidth of the antenna array is improved. The printed inverted-L antenna array adopting the series and parallel mixed network has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in feeding, low cost, wide bandwidth and strong antenna adaptability, and is suitable for engineering application. The invention is suitable for radio systems such as remote control and remote measurement of aircrafts, military mobile communication, radar detection and the like.
Claims (1)
1. An inverted L-shaped printed oscillator antenna array device based on a hybrid feed network is characterized by being provided with a horizontal printed oscillator radiator and the hybrid feed network, wherein the horizontal printed oscillator radiator is arranged on a horizontal printed oscillator radiator dielectric substrate;
the input end of the hybrid feed network is provided with a microstrip line connected with a signal input connector, the output end of the microstrip line divides the signal input by the microstrip line into two paths through a 1 x 2 power divider, the two paths are respectively marked as a left branch input signal and a right branch input signal, one path of output port of the power divider is connected with the left branch, the other path of output port is connected with the right branch, at least two paths of primary branches which are mutually connected in series are arranged in the left branch/right branch, the output signal of each path of primary branch is divided into two paths through a secondary 1 x 2 power divider again and marked as a secondary branch, the output signal of each path of secondary branch is divided into two paths through a tertiary 1 x 2 power divider again and marked as a tertiary branch, and the tertiary branch finishes the sending of the signal; the inphase should be guaranteed to the input signal of the one-level branch road more than two in the mixed feed network, and in order to avoid the input signal of multichannel one-level branch road to take place the skew because of the interval takes place the phase place, establishes ties the annular feed adjustment section of semicircle at the input of one-level branch road, adds the annular feed adjustment section of semicircle back signal transmission line's length L and should satisfy: l + pi · R-2R = λgWherein L is the length of the feed adjustment section, R is the radius of the semicircular ring, and λgIs the input wavelength.
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| RU2738758C1 (en)* | 2020-04-16 | 2020-12-16 | Акционерное общество "Научно-производственная фирма "Микран" | Hybrid antenna array power supply system |
| CN112003027B (en)* | 2020-07-31 | 2022-06-21 | 南京国睿防务系统有限公司 | SSR general four-unit forming column feeder |
| CN112151963B (en)* | 2020-09-04 | 2024-11-15 | 大富科技(安徽)股份有限公司 | Base station antenna without isolation strip |
| WO2022227361A1 (en)* | 2021-04-27 | 2022-11-03 | 深圳迈睿智能科技有限公司 | Half-wave back-folding directional microwave detection antenna |
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