技术领域technical field
本发明涉及农产品品质检测领域，具体涉及一种花椒品质快速检测方法、装置和应用。The invention relates to the field of agricultural product quality detection, in particular to a method, device and application for rapid quality detection of Chinese prickly ash.
背景技术Background technique
花椒，位列调味料“十三香”之首，是一种药食同源植物，具有色泽饱满、鲜香味麻的特点，因而受到人们的广泛青睐。花椒在生产、加工、贮藏、运输的过程中，极易受到外界因素的影响，例如氧气、温度、水分、机械损伤，会导致水分含量增大、易潮湿发霉，颜色改变、油腺破裂、麻味下降、香味减弱的现象。Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which ranks first among the "Thirteen Fragrance" seasonings, is a medicinal and edible plant with the characteristics of full color, fresh flavor and numbness, so it is widely favored by people. In the process of production, processing, storage and transportation, Sichuan pepper is easily affected by external factors, such as oxygen, temperature, moisture, and mechanical damage, which will lead to increased moisture content, easy dampness and mildew, color change, oil gland rupture, numbness The phenomenon of decreased taste and weakened aroma.
目前判定花椒品质常用的检测方法有人为感官检测、化学方法检测和仪器检测，但均存在一定的不足，难以区分相似的品质。常采用的花椒检测方法包括：1、花椒的水分检测通常采用加热干燥法，通过计算花椒干燥前后的重量差值预测水分含量，此法耗时长、操作繁琐、结果不精确。2、花椒外观、色泽、爆籽、霉变检测通常采用人工肉眼观察的方法，检测速度慢、耗费人力物力，无法达到客观、准确的效果，难以实现标准化、定量化。3、花椒麻味和香味的检测通常采用人工鼻闻、口尝的方法，外部坏境条件、感官评定人员、制备的样品三个因素会单独或协同影响感官检测结果。At present, the commonly used detection methods for judging the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum include sensory detection, chemical detection and instrument detection, but they all have certain shortcomings, and it is difficult to distinguish similar qualities. The commonly used detection methods of Chinese prickly ash include: 1. The moisture detection of Chinese prickly ash usually adopts the heating drying method, and the moisture content is predicted by calculating the weight difference of the prickly ash before and after drying. 2. The appearance, color, popped seeds and mildew of prickly ash are usually detected by manual visual observation. The detection speed is slow, manpower and material resources are consuming, and objective and accurate results cannot be achieved, and it is difficult to achieve standardization and quantification. 3. The numbness and aroma of Chinese prickly ash are usually detected by the method of artificial nose and taste. External environmental conditions, sensory assessors, and prepared samples will affect the sensory test results individually or in synergy.
如今，国内外虽然已经利用气体传感器、电化学传感器、视觉传感器检测花椒的品质指标，大多着重于单个指标对整体品质的贡献。但是，仅从单个指标进行评判不具有整体性和代表性，忽略了指标之间的协同或拮抗作用对整体品质的影响，导致不能综合检测花椒的品质。因此，如何设计一种能够快速检测花椒综合品质方法，是本领域技术人员的研究方向。Nowadays, although gas sensors, electrochemical sensors, and visual sensors have been used to detect the quality indicators of Zanthoxylum bungeanum at home and abroad, most of them focus on the contribution of a single indicator to the overall quality. However, only evaluating from a single index is not holistic and representative, ignoring the influence of synergy or antagonism among the indexes on the overall quality, resulting in the inability to comprehensively detect the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Therefore, how to design a method that can quickly detect the comprehensive quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is the research direction of those skilled in the art.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术存在的上述不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种花椒品质快速检测方法，通过传感器对花椒进行整体性评定，保证检测体系的稳定性和检测结果的均一性，实现了花椒品质的快速、无损、智能检测，解决现有的花椒检测方法无法准确评定花椒的品质以及现有的传感器只能对单个指标进行评定、评定的结果不具有整体性和代表性的问题。In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid detection method for the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which can evaluate the integrity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum through a sensor, ensure the stability of the detection system and the uniformity of the detection results, and realize the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Rapid, non-destructive and intelligent detection solves the problems that the existing Zanthoxylum bungeanum detection methods cannot accurately assess the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and the existing sensors can only assess a single index, and the assessment results are not holistic and representative.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种花椒品质快速检测方法，利用声音传感器，通过测定不同含水量的花椒触碰撞击盘的发出的声音频率以及振幅的大小，间接检测含水量；利用视觉传感器采集花椒的动态图像，检测花椒大小、颜色、爆籽率、霉变度，将图像传入计算机系统，使图像信息数据化；利用气味传感器检测花椒发出的气味，将待测花椒的香味、麻味与标准品的浓度对比，检测花椒的气味品质；利用压力传感器测量花椒的重量；A rapid detection method for the quality of Chinese prickly ash, which uses a sound sensor to indirectly detect the water content by measuring the sound frequency and amplitude of the prickly ash of different water content when the prickly ash touches a striking disc; uses a visual sensor to collect dynamic images of the prickly ash to detect the size of the prickly ash , color, seed popping rate, mildew degree, transfer the image to the computer system to digitize the image information; use the odor sensor to detect the odor of Chinese prickly Odor quality of Chinese prickly ash; use pressure sensor to measure the weight of prickly ash;
通过数据处理系统采集上述传感器的信号，经过放大、滤波、除噪，将上述传感器、采集的模拟信号转化为数字信号，并按权重进行融合，最终反馈由单片机进行数据处理；The signals of the above-mentioned sensors are collected by the data processing system, and after amplification, filtering, and noise removal, the above-mentioned sensors and the collected analog signals are converted into digital signals, and fused according to the weight, and the final feedback is processed by the single-chip microcomputer;
单片机将花椒水分与声音的关系模型，花椒形态、颜色、爆籽、霉变识别算法，花椒气味识别模型方程，压力、温湿度数据处理算法分类决策，最终获得花椒品质指标。The single-chip microcomputer classifies the relationship model between the moisture and sound of Chinese prickly ash, the shape, color, popped seeds, and mildew identification algorithm of prickly ash, the model equation of prickly ash odor identification, and the data processing algorithm of pressure, temperature and humidity, and finally obtains the quality index of prickly ash.
本发明还提供一种花椒品质快速检测装置，根据所述方法设计而成，包括测试箱、恒温恒湿装置、功能检测系统和数据处理系统；其中，The invention also provides a rapid detection device for the quality of Chinese prickly ash, which is designed according to the method and includes a test box, a constant temperature and humidity device, a function detection system and a data processing system; wherein,
测试箱的箱体内壁附着隔音棉，整个箱体呈密封状态；The inner wall of the test box is attached with sound insulation cotton, and the whole box is in a sealed state;
恒温恒湿装置包括安装在箱体底部的温控系统和安装在箱体内壁的干湿器；其中，温控系统由加热板和控温器组成，用于调节、控制箱内的温度；干湿器主要用于保持箱内湿度；The constant temperature and humidity device includes a temperature control system installed at the bottom of the box and a desiccator installed on the inner wall of the box; wherein, the temperature control system is composed of a heating plate and a temperature controller, which are used to adjust and control the temperature in the box; The humidifier is mainly used to maintain the humidity in the box;
功能检测系统包括基于声音传感器的花椒含水量检测系统、基于视觉传感器的花椒外观品质检测系统、基于气体传感器的花椒气味品质检测系统和重量检测装置；The functional detection system includes a sound sensor-based Zanthoxylum bungeanum water content detection system, a visual sensor-based Zanthoxylum bungeanum appearance quality detection system, a gas sensor-based Zanthoxylum bungeanum odor quality detection system, and a weight detection device;
数据处理系统包括信号放大器、AD转换电路和单片机；信号放大器用于传感器信号的放大、过滤、除噪，AD转换电路即为模数转换，将声音传感器、视觉传感器、气体传感器、压力传感器采集的模拟信号转化为数字信号，将各系统的检测结果按一定权重进行融合，最终反馈实时数据；单片机是运算的核心，内部写入了花椒水分与声音的关系模型，花椒形态、颜色、爆籽、霉变识别算法，花椒气味识别模型方程，压力、温湿度数据处理算法以及多传感器融合的数据采集、数据处理、分类决策和融合分析算法。The data processing system includes a signal amplifier, an AD conversion circuit and a single-chip microcomputer; the signal amplifier is used for amplifying, filtering, and denoising the sensor signal. The analog signal is converted into a digital signal, the detection results of each system are fused according to a certain weight, and the real-time data is finally fed back. Mildew identification algorithm, prickly ash odor identification model equation, pressure, temperature and humidity data processing algorithm and multi-sensor fusion data acquisition, data processing, classification decision and fusion analysis algorithm.
进一步，所述基于声音传感器的花椒含水量检测系统包括落料装置、撞击盘、收纳盒和声音传感器，所述落料装置设在所述箱体的上部，所述撞击盘位于落料装置的下方，所述声音传感器位于该撞击盘的下方，并靠近撞击盘，所述收纳盒位于箱体的底部。Further, the sound sensor-based water content detection system for Chinese prickly ash includes a blanking device, an impact disc, a storage box and a sound sensor. Below, the sound sensor is located below the impact plate and close to the impact plate, and the storage box is located at the bottom of the box body.
进一步，所述落料装置包括设置在箱体上方并与箱体内部连通的下料斗和倾斜设置在所述箱体内的滑槽；所述滑槽为三角形滑槽，该滑槽的槽口呈U型，在滑槽的底部连接有震动板，该震动板上装有震动马达。所述滑槽的槽口向撞击盘方向倾斜，确保花椒能够顺畅的从滑槽的槽口落下并撞击撞击盘。Further, the blanking device includes a lower hopper arranged above the box body and communicated with the inside of the box body and a chute arranged obliquely in the box body; the chute is a triangular chute, and the slot of the chute is in the shape of a U-shaped, a vibration plate is connected to the bottom of the chute, and the vibration plate is equipped with a vibration motor. The slot of the chute is inclined to the direction of the impact disc, so as to ensure that the peppercorns can smoothly fall from the slot of the chute and strike the impact disc.
进一步，所述基于视觉传感器的花椒外观品质检测系统包括光电传感器和两个摄像头，所述光电传感器位于箱体的上部中间并位于滑槽的下方；两个所述摄像头分别设置在箱体的左右侧壁上，并位于光电传感器与撞击盘之间。Further, the visual sensor-based Zanthoxylum chinensis appearance quality detection system includes a photoelectric sensor and two cameras, the photoelectric sensor is located in the upper middle of the box body and below the chute; the two cameras are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the box body. on the side wall and between the photoelectric sensor and the impact disc.
进一步，所述基于气体传感器的花椒气味品质检测系统包括至少一个气体传感器阵列，所述传感器阵列设在箱体的内壁上。Further, the gas sensor-based system for detecting the odor quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum includes at least one gas sensor array, and the sensor array is arranged on the inner wall of the box.
进一步，所述气体传感器阵列包括四个气体传感器，其中，所述气体传感器的型号为MQ-2、MQ-3、MQ-5、MQ-7、MQ135、MQ136、MQ137或MQ138中的一种或多种。Further, the gas sensor array includes four gas sensors, wherein the model of the gas sensor is one of MQ-2, MQ-3, MQ-5, MQ-7, MQ135, MQ136, MQ137 or MQ138 or variety.
进一步，所述基于气体传感器的花椒气味品质检测系统还包括混气扇，所述混气扇安装在所述容置腔室的左侧壁上，并位于摄像头的上方。Further, the gas sensor-based system for detecting the odor quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum further includes an air mixing fan, and the air mixing fan is installed on the left side wall of the accommodating chamber and located above the camera.
进一步，所述重量检测装置为压力传感器，该压力传感器设置在所述撞击盘的下方，并与该撞击盘紧贴。Further, the weight detection device is a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is arranged below the impact plate and is in close contact with the impact plate.
本发明还提供一种花椒品质快速检测装置的应用，取定量的待测花椒从下料斗进入滑槽内，并从滑槽的槽口处下落，光电传感器检测到花椒下落信息并进行计数，同时将该下落信息传送至数据处理模块，数据处理模块控制摄像头对花椒摄像，获取花椒下落时的动态图像；计数信息和动态图像传送至数据处理模块进行分析和处理；The invention also provides the application of a quick detection device for the quality of Chinese prickly ash. A quantitative amount of prickly ash to be tested is taken into the chute from the lower hopper and dropped from the notch of the chute. The photoelectric sensor detects the falling information of the prickly ash and counts it. The whereabouts information is sent to the data processing module, and the data processing module controls the camera to photograph the Zanthoxylum bungeanum to obtain the dynamic image of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum when it falls; the counting information and the dynamic image are sent to the data processing module for analysis and processing;
下落的花椒撞击到撞击盘时，压力传感器收集压力数据，并将收集到的压力数据传送至数据处理模块；同时，所述声音传感器收集花椒撞击撞击盘时的声音，并将声音信号传送至数据处理模块；在混气扇的作用下，气体传感器阵列收集花椒的香味和麻味信息，并将香味和麻味信息传送至数据处理系统；待测花椒下落并撞击撞击盘后，全部落入收纳盒内；When the fallen Chinese prickly ash hits the impact plate, the pressure sensor collects pressure data and transmits the collected pressure data to the data processing module; at the same time, the sound sensor collects the sound when the Chinese prickly ash hits the impact plate, and transmits the sound signal to the data processing module. Processing module; under the action of the air mixing fan, the gas sensor array collects the aroma and numbness information of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and transmits the aroma and numbness information to the data processing system; after the Zanthoxylum chinensis to be tested falls and hits the impact plate, all of them fall into the storage inside the box;
所述数据处理模块对上述步骤收集到的动态图像、计数信息、压力数据、声音信号以及香味和麻味信息进行分析和处理，输出花椒的品质结果。The data processing module analyzes and processes the dynamic images, counting information, pressure data, sound signals, and aroma and numbness information collected in the above steps, and outputs the quality result of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
相比现有技术，本发明具有如下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明中的花椒品质快速检测方法能够保证在不损坏花椒原有理化性质的情况下，通过声音检测装置振幅预测花椒含水量，解决了传统检测耗时长、操作繁琐的问题，具有快速、智能的特点；视觉检测装置将采集的花椒图像信息数据化，减少人为感官误差；气味检测装置可以采集花椒散发的香味、麻味气体，对花椒产生的气体品质进行快速、无损、智能、综合的检测；恒温恒湿装置保证了整个检测体系温度及湿度的恒定，使检测过程不受外界影响。数据处理模块将声音传感器、视觉传感器、气体传感器、压力传感器产生的模拟信号转换、放大为数字信号，使花椒检测与信息化技术融合，体现了该技术的智能性、先进性。本发明提供的花椒品质快速检测方法能够短时内采集分析多个检测指标，对花椒的综合品质进行准确评定，且评定的花椒品质具有整体性和代表性。1. The method for rapidly detecting the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the present invention can ensure that the water content of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is predicted through the amplitude of the sound detection device without damaging the original physical and chemical properties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Intelligent features; the visual detection device digitizes the collected image information of Zanthoxylum bungeanum to reduce human sensory errors; the odor detection device can collect the aroma and numb gas emitted by Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and conduct a fast, non-destructive, intelligent and comprehensive analysis of the quality of the gas produced by Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Detection; The constant temperature and humidity device ensures the constant temperature and humidity of the entire detection system, so that the detection process is not affected by the outside world. The data processing module converts and amplifies the analog signals generated by the sound sensor, visual sensor, gas sensor, and pressure sensor into digital signals, which integrates the detection of Chinese prickly ash with information technology, reflecting the intelligence and advancement of the technology. The method for rapidly detecting the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum provided by the invention can collect and analyze a plurality of detection indicators in a short time, and accurately evaluate the comprehensive quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
2、本发明提供的花椒品质快速检测装置功能齐全、轻小便携、箱体呈密封状态，隔绝外界噪音，防止气体挥发，保证了花椒气味检测的精确性。多传感器融合的花椒综合品质检测装置可根据不同客户的需求，调整各指标的权重，为客户制定个性化检测方案。为实现花椒品质的快速、无损、智能检测。此外，花椒检测装置便于携带，操作简单，能广泛运用于家庭用户、花椒深加工企业、花椒运输企业、机关、食堂、超市等。2. The rapid detection device for Zanthoxylum bungeanum quality provided by the present invention has complete functions, is light, small and portable, and the box body is in a sealed state, which isolates external noise, prevents gas from volatilizing, and ensures the accuracy of Zanthoxylum bungeanum odor detection. The multi-sensor fusion comprehensive quality inspection device for Chinese prickly ash can adjust the weight of each index according to the needs of different customers, and formulate personalized inspection plans for customers. In order to realize the rapid, non-destructive and intelligent detection of the quality of Chinese prickly ash. In addition, the prickly ash detection device is easy to carry and simple to operate, and can be widely used in home users, prickly ash deep processing enterprises, prickly ash transportation companies, institutions, canteens, supermarkets, etc.
3、本发明中花椒品质快速检测装置的应用步骤少，使用简单的步骤就能快速的得到花椒的品质评价结果，并且通过显示屏显示，直观的呈现出来，能够节约大量的人力资源，极大的提升花椒品质评定效率且准确度高。3. The application steps of the quick detection device for Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the present invention are few, and the quality evaluation result of Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be obtained quickly by using simple steps, and it can be displayed intuitively through the display screen, which can save a lot of human resources, greatly It improves the efficiency and accuracy of quality evaluation of Chinese prickly ash.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明方法原理图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention.
图2为本发明中花椒品质快速检测装置的结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rapid detection device for Zanthoxylum bungeanum quality in the present invention.
图3为图2的俯视图（箱门未示出）。FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2 (box door not shown).
图4为图3中A-A向剖视图。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 3 .
图5为本发明中花椒品质快速检测装置中滑槽的结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a chute in the device for quickly detecting the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to the present invention.
图中：1、下料斗，2、箱体，3、隔音棉，4、照明灯，5、混气扇，6、气体传感器阵列1，7、摄像头1，8、摄像头2，9、气体传感器阵列2，10、压力传感器，11、声音传感器，12、收纳盒，13、气体传感器阵列3，14、撞击盘，15、光电传感器，16、滑槽。In the picture: 1. Hopper, 2. Box, 3. Sound insulation cotton, 4. Lighting, 5. Air mixing fan, 6. Gas sensor array 1, 7, Camera 1, 8, Camera 2, 9, Gas sensor Array 2, 10, pressure sensor, 11, sound sensor, 12, storage box, 13, gas sensor array 3, 14, impact plate, 15, photoelectric sensor, 16, chute.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
一、参见图1，一种花椒品质快速检测方法，包括以下步骤：1. Referring to Fig. 1, a rapid detection method for the quality of Chinese prickly ash, comprising the following steps:
由数据采集机构获取花椒的特征量，经数据处理系统进行分类运算得到检测结果；其中，利用声音传感器，通过测定不同含水量的花椒触碰撞击盘的发出的声音频率以及振幅的大小，间接检测含水量；利用视觉传感器采集花椒的动态图像，检测花椒大小、颜色、爆籽率、霉变度，将图像传入计算机系统，使图像信息数据化；利用气味传感器检测花椒发出的气味，将待测花椒的香味、麻味与标准品的浓度对比，检测花椒的气味品质；利用压力传感器测量花椒的重量；The characteristic quantity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is acquired by the data acquisition mechanism, and the detection result is obtained by the classification operation of the data processing system; among them, the sound sensor is used to indirectly detect the sound frequency and amplitude of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum with different water contents touching the striking disc. Moisture content; use the visual sensor to collect the dynamic image of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, detect the size, color, popping rate and mildew of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and transmit the image to the computer system to digitize the image information; use the odor sensor to detect the odor emitted by the Zanthoxylum bungeanum Measure the aroma and numbness of Chinese prickly ash and compare the concentration of the standard product to detect the odor quality of Chinese prickly ash; use a pressure sensor to measure the weight of Chinese prickly ash;
通过数据处理系统采集上述传感器的信号，经过放大、滤波、除噪，将上述传感器、采集的模拟信号转化为数字信号，并按权重进行融合，最终反馈由单片机进行数据处理；The signals of the above-mentioned sensors are collected by the data processing system, and after amplification, filtering, and noise removal, the above-mentioned sensors and the collected analog signals are converted into digital signals, and fused according to the weight, and the final feedback is processed by the single-chip microcomputer;
单片机将花椒水分与声音的关系模型，花椒形态、颜色、爆籽、霉变识别算法，花椒气味识别模型方程，压力、温湿度数据处理算法分类决策，最终获得花椒品质指标。The single-chip microcomputer classifies the relationship model between the moisture and sound of Chinese prickly ash, the shape, color, popped seeds, and mildew identification algorithm of prickly ash, the model equation of prickly ash odor identification, and the data processing algorithm of pressure, temperature and humidity, and finally obtains the quality index of prickly ash.
二、参见图2，一种花椒品质快速检测装置，根据上述方法设计而成，包括测试箱、恒温恒湿装置、功能检测系统和数据处理系统。其中，2. Referring to Fig. 2, a rapid detection device for the quality of Chinese prickly ash is designed according to the above method, including a test box, a constant temperature and humidity device, a function detection system and a data processing system. in,
1、测试箱：箱体2采用高强度合成木板制成，呈长方体形状，长250mm、宽250mm、高300mm，箱体2内壁附着隔音棉3以达到较好的隔音效果，避免外界因素对声音信号采集过程产生影响。整个箱体2呈密封状态，防止待测气体成分外泄，便于气体传感器阵列采集花椒的挥发性物质，箱体2底部安装有温控系统，用于维持箱内温度的恒定。1. Test box: Box 2 is made of high-strength synthetic wood, in the shape of a cuboid, 250mm long, 250mm wide, and 300mm high. The inner wall of box 2 is attached with sound insulation cotton 3 to achieve better sound insulation effect and avoid external factors affecting sound The signal acquisition process has an impact. The whole box body 2 is in a sealed state to prevent the leakage of the gas components to be measured, and it is convenient for the gas sensor array to collect the volatile substances of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. A temperature control system is installed at the bottom of the box body 2 to maintain a constant temperature in the box.
2、恒温恒湿装置：采用加热板进行加热使体系温度恒定在37摄氏度，放置变色硅胶吸收体系中的水分，使检测空间达到恒温恒湿的效果，保证检测体系的稳定性和检测结果的均一性。箱底安装温控系统，温控系统能够使体系温度恒定在室温；箱体2内壁距离箱顶150mm处装有干湿器，控制箱体2内部的水分含量恒定在标准范围。2. Constant temperature and humidity device: The heating plate is used to keep the temperature of the system constant at 37 degrees Celsius, and the color-changing silica gel is placed to absorb the water in the system, so that the detection space can achieve the effect of constant temperature and humidity, and ensure the stability of the detection system and the uniformity of the detection results. sex. A temperature control system is installed at the bottom of the box, which can keep the temperature of the system constant at room temperature; a desiccator is installed on the inner wall of the box 2 150mm away from the top of the box, and the moisture content inside the box 2 is controlled to be constant within the standard range.
3、功能检测系统，包括：3. Functional testing system, including:
（1）基于声音传感器的花椒含水量检测系统(1) Water content detection system of Chinese prickly ash based on sound sensor
本系统包括落料装置、撞击盘14、收纳盒12、声音传感器11。落料装置由下料斗1与滑槽16组成。选择15mm口径的下料斗，保证花椒顺利下落无卡口现象；震动板与滑槽16相互连接组装，板底采用V型滑槽设计，板面装有1015型动力震动马达与1234型扁平震动马达。滑槽16口采用U型设计，对花椒的下落起到一定缓冲作用，有效控制花椒下落速度，实现了花椒的单粒下落，同时也利于其他传感系统的协同检测。撞击收纳装置由撞击盘14和收纳盒12组成。撞击盘14为直径70mm的蓝铜圆盘，震动板下10mm处装有声音传感器11。根据落料轨迹，震动板与箱底呈最佳角度和高度进行安置，便于扩大声音信号和声音数据的采集，同时按照花椒的反弹轨迹确认收纳盒12的最佳安装位置，避免花椒掉出散在箱体2内。声音传感器11采用AWA14608U型接口传声器，通过优化位置，安置在撞击盘14下方，用于对声音信号的接收、放大、滤噪、传递，使得声音传感器11采集的信号强度大。隔音棉3附着于箱体2内部，隔绝外界噪音，减小声音检测装置的误差，为声音检测系统提供无噪音、无干扰的检测环境。The system includes a blanking device, an impact plate 14 , a storage box 12 , and a sound sensor 11 . The blanking device consists of a lower hopper 1 and a chute 16 . The hopper with a diameter of 15mm is selected to ensure the smooth falling of peppercorns without bayonet phenomenon; the vibration plate and the chute 16 are connected and assembled with each other. . The 16-port chute adopts U-shaped design, which has a certain buffering effect on the falling of Chinese prickly ash, effectively controls the falling speed of Chinese prickly ash, realizes the single drop of Chinese prickly ash, and also facilitates the collaborative detection of other sensing systems. The impact storage device is composed of the impact disk 14 and the storage box 12 . The impact disc 14 is a blue copper disc with a diameter of 70mm, and a sound sensor 11 is installed 10mm below the vibration plate. According to the blanking trajectory, the vibration plate and the bottom of the box are arranged at the optimal angle and height, which is convenient for expanding the collection of sound signals and sound data. body 2. The sound sensor 11 adopts the AWA14608 U-type interface microphone, which is placed under the impact plate 14 by optimizing the position, and is used for receiving, amplifying, filtering and transmitting sound signals, so that the signal strength collected by the sound sensor 11 is high. The sound insulation cotton 3 is attached to the inside of the box body 2 to isolate external noise, reduce the error of the sound detection device, and provide a noise-free and interference-free detection environment for the sound detection system.
花椒下落撞击金属板后，为保证声音传感器11采集声音信号的稳定性与灵敏性，通过单因素试验、正交试验，确定最佳试验条件。最优的试验条件为花椒下落高度10cm，撞击盘14材料为蓝铜，撞击盘14倾角45度，传感器离声源距离1cm。使用声音传感器11采集的声学信号，将其导入Praat软件，设置采样频率为44100Hz，得到声学信号时域图，对图像进行预处理。在滤波、滤噪后，提取声音强度、幅度差、持续时间、峰值、最小值、音高与到达峰值所需的时间等声音特征参数。运用MATLAB进行BP网络训练，输入120组样本数，将数据进行归一化处理后，所训练的模型参数设定为：期望误差最小值为1e-10，学习率为2，动量常数为0.9。训练过程达到设定参数时，自动停止训练。再将建立好的神经网络预测模型进行测试、验证、修正，从而形成花椒含水量与花椒撞击声音参数的关系模型。将建立的关系模型输入单片机，单片机运算后输出到显示器上获得花椒水分信息，从而形成基于声音传感器11的花椒含水量检测系统。After the Zanthoxylum bungeanum falls and hits the metal plate, in order to ensure the stability and sensitivity of the sound signal collected by the sound sensor 11, the best test conditions are determined through single factor test and orthogonal test. The optimal test conditions are that the drop height of Chinese prickly ash is 10cm, the material of the impact plate 14 is blue copper, the inclination angle of the impact plate 14 is 45 degrees, and the distance between the sensor and the sound source is 1cm. Using the acoustic signal collected by the sound sensor 11, import it into Praat software, set the sampling frequency to 44100 Hz, obtain the acoustic signal time domain map, and preprocess the image. After filtering and noise filtering, sound characteristic parameters such as sound intensity, amplitude difference, duration, peak value, minimum value, pitch and time required to reach the peak value are extracted. Using MATLAB for BP network training, input 120 sets of samples, after normalizing the data, the trained model parameters are set as: the minimum expected error is 1e-10 , the learning rate is 2, and the momentum constant is 0.9. When the training process reaches the set parameters, it will automatically stop training. Then, the established neural network prediction model was tested, verified and corrected to form a relationship model between the water content of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and the sound parameters of Zanthoxylum bungeanum impact. The established relationship model is input into the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip computer outputs the information on the display to obtain the water content of Chinese prickly ash, thereby forming the water content detection system of Chinese prickly ash based on the sound sensor 11 .
（2）基于视觉传感器的花椒外观品质检测系统(2) Appearance quality detection system of Chinese prickly ash based on visual sensor
主要由摄像头7、照明灯4、光电传感器15等构成。摄像头7、8用于采集花椒下落时的动态图像，摄像头7、8选择具有固定成像、信息处理、大容量存储器的优质CCD摄像头，通过单因素试验调整安装位置，将摄像头7、8安装在测试箱两侧壁上，从而采集的花椒的完整图像。照明灯4为检测空间提供光源，使摄像头7、8采集的图像清晰可见；为保证光源的发光效率及使用寿命，同时考虑光源的照明亮度、均匀度等因素，选用LED可控光源灯。光电传感器15作为计数传感器和触发传感器，选用QS18系列光电传感器。It is mainly composed of a camera 7, a lighting lamp 4, a photoelectric sensor 15, and the like. Cameras 7 and 8 are used to collect dynamic images of the falling peppercorns. For cameras 7 and 8, high-quality CCD cameras with fixed imaging, information processing, and large-capacity memory are selected, and the installation positions are adjusted through single-factor experiments. on both sides of the box, thereby collecting a complete image of the prickly ash. The lighting lamp 4 provides a light source for the detection space, so that the images collected by the cameras 7 and 8 are clearly visible; in order to ensure the luminous efficiency and service life of the light source, and considering factors such as the lighting brightness and uniformity of the light source, LED controllable light source lamps are selected. The photoelectric sensor 15 is used as a counting sensor and a trigger sensor, and QS18 series photoelectric sensor is selected.
花椒从滑槽16下落后，通过光电传感器15，光电传感器15感应并发出信号，摄像头7、8开始采集花椒颗粒的图像，图像经过预处理、灰度变化、阈值分割后，提取花椒的形状尺寸、颜色数据等特征参数，这些特征数据传送到单片机中，与花椒标准品进行分析比较，从而得到花椒大小、颜色、爆籽率、霉变度等品质。花椒图像图像格式转换后运用中值滤波法进行灰度值排序等预处理以保护边缘信息、去除拍摄噪声，从而获得更接近于真实值的高质量图像，基于HIS颜色空间将灰度图进行图像分割，通过试验确定颜色分割阈值，霉变分割阈值，爆籽颜色阈值，提取r、g、b、h、s、v，通过计算霉变像素面积确定霉变率，通过籽粒像素面积确定爆籽率。与花椒标准品进行分析比较时采用差异性分析，并进行t检验，其中爆籽率小于8%，霉变度小于2%。基于视觉传感器的花椒外观品质检测系统After the Zanthoxylum bungeanum falls from the chute 16, the photoelectric sensor 15 senses and sends out a signal, and the cameras 7 and 8 start to collect the image of Zanthoxylum bungeanum particles. , color data and other characteristic parameters, these characteristic data are transmitted to the microcontroller, and are analyzed and compared with the standard product of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, so as to obtain the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum size, color, seed burst rate, mildew degree and so on. After the image format of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is converted, the median filter method is used to perform preprocessing such as gray value sorting to protect edge information and remove shooting noise, so as to obtain a high-quality image that is closer to the real value. Segmentation, determine the color segmentation threshold, mildew segmentation threshold, and popped seed color threshold through experiments, extract r, g, b, h, s, v, determine the mildew rate by calculating the moldy pixel area, and determine the popped seeds by the grain pixel area Rate. Difference analysis and t-test were used to analyze and compare with the standard product of Chinese prickly ash. The rate of popping seeds was less than 8% and the degree of mildew was less than 2%. Appearance quality inspection system of Chinese prickly ash based on visual sensor
（3）基于气体传感器的花椒气味品质检测系统(3) Odor quality detection system of Chinese prickly ash based on gas sensor
主要由气体传感器，混气扇5构成。混气扇5的主要作用是将整个检测体系内的待测气体混匀，使得密闭空间内各个区域的浓度一致，保证检测结果具有均一性。其次，混气扇5具有引流作用，让花椒散发出的香味、麻味气体与气体传感器阵列6、9、13快速接触。首先根据花椒产生特定的香味、麻味气体筛选气体传感器阵列，气体传感器阵列6、9、13采集到电信号，将电信号通过事先录入单片机的标准方程，电信号转化为具体数据，通过数据判定花椒的气味品质。通过分析花椒产生的气味主要有醇类、脂类、单萜烯类等，筛选灵敏度高的气体传感器，即MQ-2、MQ-3、MQ-5、MQ-7、MQ135、MQ136、MQ137、MQ138型号传感器，将这几种传感器组成气体传感器阵列6、9、13，将气体传感器得到的电信号进行归一化处理、信号图形分析，并采用差分法和差商法进行预处理，然后提取信号曲线的峰值、峰值时间、上升速度、出峰时间作为特征值，采用RBF神经网络作为模型方程建立方法。通过试验将气体传感器阵列6、9、13安装在合适的位置，例如箱体2顶部、四周等位置，使气体充分与传感器接触。将混气扇5安装在合适的位置，保证检测气体的浓度均匀一致。It is mainly composed of a gas sensor and a mixing fan 5 . The main function of the air mixing fan 5 is to mix the gas to be tested in the entire detection system, so that the concentration of each area in the closed space is consistent, and the uniformity of the detection results is ensured. Secondly, the air mixing fan 5 has a drainage effect, so that the aroma and numb gas emitted by the Chinese prickly ash can quickly contact with the gas sensor arrays 6 , 9 and 13 . Firstly, the gas sensor array is screened according to the specific aroma and numb gas produced by Chinese prickly ash. The gas sensor arrays 6, 9, and 13 collect electrical signals, and the electrical signals are entered into the standard equation of the single-chip microcomputer in advance, and the electrical signals are converted into specific data. Odor quality of pepper. By analyzing the odors produced by Zanthoxylum bungeanum, mainly alcohols, lipids, monoterpenes, etc., the gas sensors with high sensitivity were screened, namely MQ-2, MQ-3, MQ-5, MQ-7, MQ135, MQ136, MQ137, MQ138 type sensor, these sensors are composed of gas sensor arrays 6, 9, 13, the electrical signals obtained by the gas sensor are normalized, the signal graphics are analyzed, and the difference method and the difference quotient method are used for preprocessing, and then the signal is extracted. The peak value, peak time, rising speed, and peak time of the curve are used as characteristic values, and RBF neural network is used as the model equation establishment method. Install the gas sensor arrays 6 , 9 , 13 in suitable positions through experiments, such as the top and surrounding positions of the box 2 , so that the gas can fully contact the sensors. Install the air mixing fan 5 in a suitable position to ensure that the concentration of the detected gas is uniform.
基于视觉传感器的花椒外观品质检测系统、基于气体传感器的花椒气味品质检测系统Appearance quality detection system of Zanthoxylum bungeanum based on visual sensor, and smell quality detection system of Zanthoxylum bungeanum based on gas sensor
（4）重量检测装置(4) Weight detection device
采用压力传感器10检测花椒的重量。压力传感器10放置在撞击盘14之下，当花椒接触撞击盘14时，撞击盘14下的压力传感器10便可感知压力大小，采集压力信号并转换为重量数据，可用于千粒重、百粒重的测量。A pressure sensor 10 is used to detect the weight of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The pressure sensor 10 is placed under the impact plate 14. When Zanthoxylum chinensis touches the impact plate 14, the pressure sensor 10 under the impact plate 14 can sense the pressure, collect the pressure signal and convert it into weight data, which can be used for thousand-grain weight and one-hundred-grain weight. Measurement.
4、数据处理系统4. Data processing system
由信号放大器、AD转换电路、单片机等部件组成。信号放大器主要用于传感器信号的放大、过滤、除噪，为信号的转化采集做准备，主要有滤波电路、放大电路组成。AD转换电路即为模数转换，将声音传感器11、视觉传感器、气体传感器、压力传感器10采集的模拟信号转化为数字信号，将各系统的检测结果按一定权重进行融合，最终反馈实时数据。单片机相当于微型计算机，是运算的核心，内部写入了花椒水分与声音的关系模型，花椒形态、颜色、爆籽、霉变识别算法，花椒气味识别模型方程，压力、温湿度数据处理算法以及多传感器融合的数据采集、数据处理、分类决策，融合分析算法等。单片机可以选用Stm32单片机，其它处理电路购置相应元器件、电路板，设计、制作、封装。It is composed of signal amplifier, AD conversion circuit, microcontroller and other components. The signal amplifier is mainly used for amplifying, filtering, and denoising the sensor signal, and preparing for the conversion and acquisition of the signal. It is mainly composed of a filter circuit and an amplifying circuit. The AD conversion circuit is analog-to-digital conversion, which converts the analog signals collected by the sound sensor 11, the visual sensor, the gas sensor, and the pressure sensor 10 into digital signals, fuses the detection results of each system according to a certain weight, and finally feeds back real-time data. The single-chip microcomputer is equivalent to a microcomputer, which is the core of the operation. The relationship model between the moisture and sound of prickly ash, the shape, color, popped seeds, and mildew identification algorithm of prickly ash are written inside, the model equation of prickly ash odor identification, pressure, temperature and humidity data processing algorithm and Multi-sensor fusion data acquisition, data processing, classification decision, fusion analysis algorithm, etc. Stm32 single-chip microcomputer can be selected for single-chip microcomputer, and corresponding components and circuit boards are purchased for other processing circuits, and are designed, manufactured and packaged.
最后，将多传感器组成的多功能检测系统融合集成组装得到本发明花椒品质快速检测装置，即将箱体2内部各个部件按照顺序组装起来，首先底面安装温控系统，在温控系统上安装气体传感器阵列6、9、13与撞击收纳装置，将压力传感器10置于撞击盘14下，声音传感器11安置在距离撞击盘1410mm的位置。箱体2右侧距箱顶150mm处安装光电传感器15，左侧安装混气扇5，箱体2顶部用挂钩和弹簧固定V型滑槽震动板，并在箱顶正中安装照明灯4，箱顶安装下料斗1，箱体2内壁安装隔音棉3。将声音传感器11、气体传感器阵列6、9、13、压力传感器10、光电传感器15同单片机相连接，最后连接箱顶显示器。Finally, the multi-function detection system composed of multiple sensors is integrated and assembled to obtain the rapid detection device for the quality of Chinese prickly ash according to the present invention. That is, the components inside the box 2 are assembled in sequence. First, a temperature control system is installed on the bottom surface, and a gas sensor is installed on the temperature control system. For the arrays 6, 9, 13 and the impact storage device, the pressure sensor 10 is placed under the impact plate 14, and the sound sensor 11 is placed at a position 1410 mm away from the impact plate. The photoelectric sensor 15 is installed on the right side of the box 2 at a distance of 150mm from the top of the box, the air mixing fan 5 is installed on the left side, the V-shaped chute vibration plate is fixed with hooks and springs on the top of the box 2, and the lighting lamp 4 is installed in the center of the box top. The lower hopper 1 is installed on the top, and the sound insulation cotton 3 is installed on the inner wall of the box body 2. Connect the sound sensor 11, the gas sensor arrays 6, 9, 13, the pressure sensor 10, and the photoelectric sensor 15 with the single-chip microcomputer, and finally connect the box top display.
三、本发明的应用：Three, the application of the present invention:
取定量待测花椒从下料斗进入滑槽16内，并从滑槽16的槽口处下落，光电传感器15检测到花椒下落信息并进行计数，同时将该下落信息传送至数据处理模块，数据处理模块控制摄像头7、8对花椒摄像，获取花椒下落时的动态图像；计数信息和动态图像传送至数据处理模块进行分析和处理；下落的花椒撞击到撞击盘14时，压力传感器10收集压力数据，并将收集到的压力数据传送至数据处理模块；同时，所述声音传感器11收集花椒撞击撞击盘14时的声音，并将声音信号传送至数据处理模块；在混气扇5的作用下，气体传感器阵列收集花椒的香味和麻味信息，并将香味和麻味信息传送至数据处理模块；待测花椒下落并撞击撞击盘14后，全部落入收纳盒12内；Take a certain amount of Chinese prickly ash to be tested and enter the chute 16 from the lower hopper, and fall from the notch of the chute 16. The photoelectric sensor 15 detects the prickly ash falling information and counts it, and at the same time transmits the falling information to the data processing module, data processing The module controls the cameras 7 and 8 to photograph the Zanthoxylum bungeanum to obtain the dynamic image of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum when it falls; the counting information and the dynamic image are transmitted to the data processing module for analysis and processing; and transmit the collected pressure data to the data processing module; at the same time, the sound sensor 11 collects the sound when the Chinese prickly ash collides with the impact plate 14, and transmits the sound signal to the data processing module; under the action of the air mixing fan 5, the gas The sensor array collects the aroma and numbness information of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and transmits the aroma and numbness information to the data processing module; after the Zanthoxylum bungeanum to be tested falls and hits the impact plate 14, all of it falls into the storage box 12;
所述数据处理模块对上述步骤收集到的动态图像、计数信息、压力数据、声音信号以及香味和麻味信息进行分析和处理，输出花椒的品质结果。The data processing module analyzes and processes the dynamic images, counting information, pressure data, sound signals, and aroma and numbness information collected in the above steps, and outputs the quality result of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
本发明多传感器融合的花椒综合品质检测装置具有如有优点：轻小便携、功能齐全，在不损坏花椒原有理化性质的情况下，短时内采集分析多个检测指标，对花椒的综合品质进行评定。声音检测装置通过振幅预测花椒含水量，解决了传统检测耗时长、操作繁琐的问题，具有快速、智能的特点；视觉检测装置将采集的花椒图像信息数据化，减少人为感官误差；气味检测装置可以采集花椒散发的香味、麻味气体，对花椒产生的气体品质进行快速、无损、智能、综合的检测；恒温恒湿装置保证了整个检测体系温度及湿度的恒定，使检测过程不受外界影响；数据处理系统将声音传感器、视觉传感器、气体传感器、压力传感器产生的模拟信号转换、放大为数字信号，使花椒检测与信息化技术融合，体现了该技术的智能性、先进性；隔音箱轻小便携，便于挪动、摆放，箱体呈密封状态，隔绝外界噪音，防止气体挥发，保证了花椒气味检测的精确性。多传感器融合的花椒综合品质检测装置可根据不同客户的需求，调整各指标的权重，为客户制定个性化检测方案。The multi-sensor fusion comprehensive quality detection device for Zanthoxylum bungeanum has the following advantages: light, small and portable, complete in functions, and without damaging the original physical and chemical properties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, a plurality of detection indicators can be collected and analyzed in a short period of time, and the comprehensive quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be determined. Evaluate. The sound detection device predicts the water content of Zanthoxylum bungeanum through the amplitude, which solves the problems of time-consuming and cumbersome operation of traditional detection, and has the characteristics of fast and intelligent; Collect the aroma and numb gas emitted by Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and conduct a rapid, non-destructive, intelligent and comprehensive detection of the gas quality produced by Zanthoxylum bungeanum; the constant temperature and humidity device ensures the constant temperature and humidity of the entire detection system, so that the detection process is not affected by the outside world; The data processing system converts and amplifies the analog signals generated by the sound sensor, visual sensor, gas sensor, and pressure sensor into digital signals, so as to integrate the detection of Chinese prickly ash with information technology, which reflects the intelligence and advancement of the technology; the soundproof box is light and small Portable, easy to move and place, the box is sealed to isolate external noise and prevent gas from volatilizing, ensuring the accuracy of pepper odor detection. The multi-sensor fusion comprehensive quality inspection device for Chinese prickly ash can adjust the weight of each index according to the needs of different customers, and formulate personalized inspection plans for customers.
最后需要说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制技术方案，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，那些对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the technical solutions. Those skilled in the art should understand that those technical solutions of the present invention are modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the present technology. The purpose and scope of the solution should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811584816.8ACN109490418B (en) | 2018-12-24 | 2018-12-24 | Rapid detection method and device for pepper quality and application |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811584816.8ACN109490418B (en) | 2018-12-24 | 2018-12-24 | Rapid detection method and device for pepper quality and application |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109490418Atrue CN109490418A (en) | 2019-03-19 |
| CN109490418B CN109490418B (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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| CN201811584816.8AExpired - Fee RelatedCN109490418B (en) | 2018-12-24 | 2018-12-24 | Rapid detection method and device for pepper quality and application |
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