A kind of extra quality extrusion system of V-type switching print headTechnical field
The present invention relates to the three-dimensional printers based on melting fused deposition rapid moulding technique, and in particular to a kind of switching of V-type is beatenPrint the extra quality extrusion system of head.
Background technique
Three-dimensional printer based on melting fused deposition rapid moulding technique is the plastics silk for the use of diameter being 1~2mm or so,Plastics silk melt extruded is printed at the filament of 0.2~0.4mm or so and successively by the printing extruder head that computer controlsIt is piled into three-dimension object.In general, melting fused deposition rapid moulding technique needs to add support when manufacture has the object of cantilever design.If three-dimensional printer, which prints extruder head, only has single melting Channel design structure, the object of printing and support can only use same materialTo construct.Although support section can be made to become more loose by controlling the method for operation of print head in print procedureTo achieve the purpose that convenient for removing, but due to being difficult to after the completion of printing on the boundary of object and support using same materialIdentification causes removing difficult, and support also be easy to cause object fine structure to damage when removing.In order to solve this problem, currently, baseDual channel structure is mostly used in the three-dimensional printer printing extruder head of melting fused deposition rapid moulding technique, one of runner is used forThe model formings material such as melting extrusion ABS plastic, another runner can be easy physics removing or chemical stripping for melting extrusionBacking material, when removing will not damage molded model；When needing to squeeze out which kind of material in print procedure, system controlCorresponding print head is switched to working condition by switching mechanism, realizes the printing alternate of two print heads.
The double print head automatic switching control equipments of published three-dimensional printer can be divided into two classes: one kind is that two print heads beginIt is in sustained height eventually, the switching of double print heads is only realized by the working condition of two feeding material components of switching；Another kind of is twoA print head not only has switched the working condition of two feeding material components when automatically switching, but also the difference in height of print head also achievesSwitching.
One, two print heads are fixed, and the working condition for only switching two feeding material components realizes the switching of double print heads,It avoids issuable altitude location error during switching print head and influences the dimensional accuracies of printing objects.But this knotTwo print heads of structure level difficulty, are easy to scratch molded part in print procedure, and the salivation of nozzle can serious shadowThe surface quality of model is rung, while the working condition switching of feeding material component is needed by the mechanical mechanism of a set of complexity and by outerPower is just able to achieve switching, increases the weight of extrusion system, constrains the raising of print speed significantly.
Two, the working condition of two feeding material components is not only had switched when two print head switchings, while relying on silk convection currentThe thrust in road or the driving mechanism added realize the switching of two print head differences in height, avoid in print procedure and printHead, which scrapes, arrives molded part, reduces influence of the nozzle salivation to model surface quality.But runner is pushed away by silkThe switching of print head difference in height is realized in power effect, be easy to be influenced to cause by material itself thermal property thrust size variation toThe reliability of print head work is reduced, and realizes the reset after print head switching by spring mechanism, mechanical part is addedWork and assembly precision have higher requirements, and quality is difficult to control, and certainly will influence the precision of two print head switching height；Pass through drivingMechanism realizes the switching of two print head differences in height, and the machine driving by a set of complexity, positioning mechanism is needed even to increase driveDynamic motor is just able to achieve, and is increased cost, the volume and weight of extrusion system, is greatly constrained the raising of print speed.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of extra quality extrusion system of V-type switching print head, only makesWith a driving motor and not by any external force except device, two print heads simple, accurate, reliable can be realizedIt is automatic alternately to switch, and then realize the printing alternate of two kinds of silks.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of extra quality extrusion system of V-type switching print head, including pedestal, material extrusion motor, active-feeding wheel, miniature guide railSliding block, print head assembly, switching and booting component and changeover module, material extrusion motor are mounted on the pedestal back side, the installation of active-feeding wheelIt is stretched out in the positive shaft of pedestal in material extrusion motor, miniature guide rail sliding block includes mutually matched guide rail and sliding block, two guide railsIt is symmetrically arranged in a manner of in vertical angle in active-feeding wheel two sides, two print head assemblies are vertically installed at two respectivelyOn a sliding block, changeover module includes the changer lever that is mounted on the pedestal back side and can horizontally slip between second point at first point,Changer lever is equipped with the low track groove in intermediate high two sides, and one end of two switching and booting components connects with two print head assemblies respectivelyIt connects, the other end is set in track groove, and as the switching of changer lever is alternately located in the top surface or bottom surface of track groove, with drivingTwo print head assemblies do reversed elevating movement along two guide rails respectively.
As an improvement of the present invention, the print head assembly include small substrate, guide component, driven wheel assembly andWire vent component is melted, small substrate is fixed on sliding block, and guide component is vertically installed at small substrate top, driven wheel assembly activity peaceIn the middle part of small substrate, melting wire vent component is vertically installed at small substrate lower part.
As an improvement of the present invention, the active-feeding wheel is equipped with the serrate slot for constraining, being oriented to silk.The design of serrate slot also plays the role of guiding to silk other than providing enough frictional force for feeding, and silk is made to move railMark is accurate.
As an improvement of the present invention, the guide component includes guide fixed block, connector and passage, and guide is solidDetermine block to be fixed on small substrate, connector is fixed on guide fixed block top surface vertically, and passage upper end is through guide fixed block and connectorConnection, the adjacent active-feeding wheel setting in passage lower end, and when print head assembly is in print state, guide tube hub and masterThe tooth form groove center of dynamic drawing-inroller is concentric.
As an improvement of the present invention, the melting wire vent component includes flow-path tube, melting device and nozzle, melting deviceIt is fixed on small substrate, nozzle is fixed on melting device bottom surface vertically, and flow-path tube lower end is connected to through melting device with nozzle, on flow-path tubeAdjacent active-feeding wheel is held to be arranged, and when print head assembly is in print state, the tooth of runner tube hub and active-feeding wheelShape groove center is concentric.
As an improvement of the present invention, the driven wheel assembly include adjust screw, pressure spring, driven wheel mounting rack andDriven wheel, small substrate are equipped with the boss with sliding slot far from the side of active-feeding wheel, and driven wheel mounting rack is slidably mounted on bossSliding slot in, adjust screw and pass through boss, be spirally connected after pressure spring with driven wheel mounting rack, driven wheel is rotatably installed in driven wheel installationOn frame.
As an improvement of the present invention, the switching and booting component includes elevating lever and is rotatably installed in elevating leverThe bearing in portion, the pedestal are equipped with the waist-shaped hole coaxial or parallel with center line of guide rail, elevating lever one end and printhead clusterPart is fixedly connected, and the other end is set in the track groove of changer lever after passing through waist-shaped hole, and bearing element is assemblied in waist-shaped hole.
As an improvement of the present invention, the changeover module further includes changer lever leading truck and spring-loaded plunger, switchingBar leading truck is fixed on the pedestal back side, and changer lever is slidedly assemblied on changer lever leading truck, and spring-loaded plunger is fixed on changer lever and leadsTo on frame, spring-loaded plunger is equipped with an elastic steel ball, is arranged at intervals with the left lock hole to match with steel ball on changer leverWith right lock hole, when changer lever is moved at first, steel ball is caught in left lock hole；When changer lever is moved to second point, steelPearl is caught in right lock hole.
The innovative design of the present invention movement angle structure of two print heads, be used only a driving motor and not byAny external force except device simple, accurate, reliable can realize that the automatic of two print heads alternately switches, realize two kindsThe printing alternate of silk.Compared with prior art, it has the advantages that
One, two print head designs are installed at symmetrical angle structure, is realized complete while switching print head difference in heightAt the synchronism switching of feeding material component working condition, overall structure is simple and reliable, it is easy to accomplish；
Two, two print heads are whole when switching alternately switches at an angle, ensure that charging, discharging concentricity notBecome, improves the stability of switching；
As soon as a feeding driving motor three, is used only, rotation direction and corresponding feeding material component position by change motorIt is able to achieve the alternating switching feeding of two kinds of silks, greatly reduces the weight and cost of extrusion system；
Four, print head switching precision depends on the precision of track groove on changer lever, Conventional machining methodsThe precision for guaranteeing track groove is guaranteeing to also reduce processing cost while switching precision.
Five, active print head is provided with the measures such as positioning, locking after switching in place, and switching and booting component and miniature guide rail are slidingBlock provides a reliable and stable guide support for the switching of print head, when guaranteeing to realize work while switching precisionReliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure axonometric drawing of extrusion system forward direction；
Fig. 2 is the overall structure axonometric drawing of extrusion system backwards；
Fig. 3 is the decomposition texture schematic diagram of extrusion system, due to the left and right print head assembly symmetrical configuration of system, therefore is illustratedRight print head assembly is only decomposed in figure；
Fig. 4 is extrusion system forward direction partial sectional view；
Fig. 5 is driven wheel assembly and active-feeding wheel matching relationship enlarged view；
Fig. 6 is the axial sectional view of print head assembly；
Fig. 7 is switching and booting component and changeover module matching relationship enlarged view；
Fig. 8 is positive partial sectional view when right print head assembly is in print state；
Fig. 9 is the R-R of changeover module in Fig. 8 to sectional view；
Figure 10 is positive partial sectional view when left print head assembly is in print state；
Figure 11 is the R '-R ' of changeover module in Figure 10 to sectional view.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific realApplying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, a kind of extra quality extrusion system of V-type switching print head, including pedestal 1, material extrusion motor 2, masterDynamic drawing-inroller 3, two miniature guide rail sliding blocks symmetrically arranged on the left and the right, 4, two print head assemblies 5 and two switching and booting components 6,And the changeover module being mainly made of changer lever 7, changer lever leading truck 8 and spring-loaded plunger 9.Material extrusion motor 2 is mounted on pedestal 1The back side, machine shaft stretches to the front of pedestal 1, and active-feeding wheel 3 is fixedly mounted on machine shaft, which is provided with for aboutBeam, the serrate slot for being oriented to silk 10；Miniature guide rail sliding block 4 includes being fixed on the positive guide rail 401 of pedestal 1 and along guide rail 401The sliding block 402 of heart line sliding, two guide rails 401 are symmetrically arranged in a manner of in vertical angle in 3 two sides of active-feeding wheel,Preferably, two V-shaped arrangements of guide rail 401；Two print head assemblies 5 are vertically-mounted respectively to be fixed on two sliding blocks 402, byThe mobile driving switching and booting component 6 drive print head assembly 5 of changer lever 7 is in along 401 centerline direction of guide rail in changeover moduleCertain angle alternately switches, and is determined by the spring-loaded plunger 9 being fixed on changer lever leading truck 8 changer lever 7 after switching in placeThe accurate switching to print head assembly 5 is realized in position.Switching mechanism structure is simple, passes through the symmetrical folder to left and right print head assemblyThe completion left and right while switching of print head assembly difference in height is realized in the design that track is gone up and down when corner structure mounting design and switchingThe synchronism switching of driven wheel assembly, reliable in action are easily achieved.
Print head assembly 5 is mainly by small substrate 501, guide component 502, driven wheel assembly 503 and melting wire vent component504 compositions.Small 501 back side of substrate, which is adjacent to, to be fixed on sliding block 402, can do straight line along 401 centerline direction of guide rail with sliding block 402Movement.Guide component 502 is vertically installed at small 501 top of substrate, including guide fixed block 5021, connector 5022 and passage5023, guide fixed block 5021 is fixed on small 501 front of substrate, and connector 5022 is fixed on 5021 top surface of guide fixed block vertically,5023 upper end of passage is connected to through guide fixed block 5021 with connector 5022, and the adjacent active-feeding wheel 3 in lower end is arranged, and pairWhen the print head assembly 5 answered is in print state, center and the tooth form groove center of active-feeding wheel 3 are concentric.Driven wheel assembly503 are arranged in small 501 middle part of substrate, when corresponding print head assembly 5 is in print state, with 3 axle center of active-feeding wheelIt is in the same horizontal position, main includes adjusting screw 5031, pressure spring 5032, driven wheel mounting rack 5033,5034 and of driven wheelCirclip 1；Small substrate 501 is equipped with the boss 5011 with sliding slot far from the side of active-feeding wheel 3, adjusts screw 5031 and wearsIt is spirally connected after the through-hole crossed on boss 5011, pressure spring 5032 with driven wheel mounting rack 5033, while driven wheel mounting rack 5033 is spirally connectedEnd limit can horizontally slip along the chute in the sliding slot of boss 5011, and the compression of pressure spring 5032 is adjusted by adjusting screw 5031Length adjusts the center of driven wheel 5034 and active-feeding wheel 3 away to reach adjusting driven wheel 5034 to 10 pretightning force of silkEffect, also improve printing different-diameter deviation material adaptability.Melting wire vent component 504 is vertically installed at small substrate501 lower parts, including flow-path tube 5041, melting device 5042 and nozzle 5043, melting device 5042 are fixed on small 501 front of substrate, sprayMouth 5043 is fixed on 5042 bottom surface of melting device vertically, and 5041 lower end of flow-path tube is connected to through melting device 5042 with nozzle 5043, runnerThe adjacent active-feeding wheel 3 in 5041 upper end of pipe is arranged, and when corresponding print head assembly 5 be in print state, center andThe tooth form groove center of active-feeding wheel 3 is concentric, and the flow-path tube 5041 of big L/D ratio and the split-type design of nozzle 5043 reduceWhole difficulty of processing, improves the machining accuracy of part.
Switching and booting component 6 includes elevating lever 601, bearing 602, axle sleeve 603 and circlip 2 604.601 one end of elevating lever withSmall substrate 501 is fixedly connected, and other end slide fit after corresponding waist-shaped hole 101 on pedestal 1 is inserted in the track on changer lever 7In slot 701, bearing 602 is limited by axle sleeve 603 and circlip 2 604 at 601 middle part of elevating lever, and is embedded just below in pedestal 1In waist-shaped hole 101；101 central axis of waist-shaped hole and 401 center line of guide rail are coaxial or parallel, and bearing 602 and waist-shaped hole 101 are slidingDynamic cooperation, when switching, elevating lever 601 is rolled along waist-shaped hole 101 with dynamic bearing 602 and is gone up and down, and is reduced print head assembly 5 and was switchedThe torsion that changer lever 7, elevating lever 601 are subject in journey improves switching positioning accuracy and reliability.
Changeover module includes changer lever 7, changer lever leading truck 8 and spring-loaded plunger 9.Changer lever leading truck 8 is mounted on pedestal 1The back side, 7 slide fit of changer lever is mounted in changer lever leading truck 8 and is bonded with pedestal 1, so that changer lever 7 can only do left and right directionsHorizontal movement；Spring-loaded plunger 9 includes column sleeve, steel ball 901 and spring 902, and column sleeve one end is fixed on changer lever leading truck 8,The other end is equipped with the aperture that stretches out for 901 part of steel ball, and steel ball 901 passes through spring 902 and is mounted in column sleeve, and when stress can be in columnSet and the lower inside and outside movement of the constraint of spring 902；Be arranged at intervals with left lock hole 703 and right lock hole 702 on changer lever 7, and with bulletSpring plunger 9 is in same level, and when changer lever 7 completes switching action every time, the steel ball 901 on spring-loaded plunger 9 is in springIn the lower insertion lock hole of 902 elastic force effect, realizes the locking of changer lever 7, prevent changer lever 7 from transporting due to vibratingIt is dynamic, to influence printing precision.The low track groove 701 in intermediate high two sides is additionally provided on changer lever 7, track groove 701 is designed to rankLadder type ramp shape, so that being respectively at the top of track groove 701 positioned at two elevating levers 601 of pedestal 1 or so after switching every timeFace or bottom surface, to realize the switching for 5 difference in height of left and right print head assembly being attached thereto.
When print head assembly 5 switches, as the horizontal orientation of changer lever 7 moves, the track groove 701 of changer lever 7, which drives, to be risenDrop bar 601 is moved along 101 central axial direction of waist-shaped hole on pedestal 1, to drive the small substrate 501 of connection fixed theretoAnd entire print head assembly 5 is along 401 centerline direction synchronizing moving of guide rail.After changer lever 7 switches in place, on changer lever 7Lock hole and 9 center of spring-loaded plunger be on same axis, the steel ball 901 on spring-loaded plunger 9 902 elastic force of spring act underIt is embedded in lock hole, by 7 reliable location of changer lever, left and right elevating lever 601 is respectively at the top surface and bottom of track groove 701 at this timeFace, the print head assembly 5 of left and right two are stablized a maximum difference in height position.Two miniature guide rail sliding blocks 4 are symmetrical at angle αArrangement, so that print head assembly 5 not only has the componental movement up and down in vertical direction in handoff procedure, but also in the horizontal directionThere is also left and right componental movement, while reaching the switching of upper-lower height difference, also complete silk 10 and the contact of active-feeding wheel 3 orPerson is detached from, and realizes the switching of 503 working condition of left and right driven wheel assembly, it is ensured that active-feeding wheel 3 will not scrape non-print shapeSilk 10 under state.As can be seen that in 5 handoff procedure of print head assembly, connector 5022, flow-path tube 5041, melts passage 5023It is in a vertical state always to melt the silk circulation passage that device 5042 and nozzle 5043 are constituted, will not deflect, printing angle beginsVertical eventually, compared in such a way that spinwriter carries out height switching, switching precision is easily guaranteed that.
It is illustrated below with reference to specific handoff procedure of the Fig. 8 to Figure 11 to print head assembly 5, (R) after being marked in figure(L) only refers only to right side and left side:
Referring to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, when extrusion system is fixed except extrusion system with direction A movement and by being mounted onWhen changer lever 7 is switched to position shown in Fig. 8 by right block 11 (R), right side print head assembly 5 along right rail 401 to left downSide is moved to lower limit and active-feeding wheel 3 cooperates, while left side print head assembly 5 is moved along left rail 401 to upper left sideSupreme spacing place generates difference in height Δ h, right side print head assembly 5 at this time between right nozzle 5043 (R) and left nozzle 5043 (L)In running order (print state), (R) the wire vent axis of right nozzle 5043 are less than with 3 axle center normal distance L of active-feeding wheel(L) the wire vent axis of left nozzle 5043 and 3 axle center normal distance L ' of active-feeding wheel.In handoff procedure, changer lever 7 is negative sideTo movement, right elevating lever 601 (R) slides into right side bottom surface, while left lifting from 701 middle top surface of track groove of changer lever 7Bar 601 (L) slides into middle top surface (Fig. 8 state) from 701 left side bottom surface of track groove of changer lever 7, drives left and right printhead clusterPart moves up and down the switching for realizing print head.At the same time, the right lock hole 702 on changer lever 7 moves at spring-loaded plunger 9,Steel ball 901 in spring-loaded plunger 9 is closely pressed into right lock hole 702 under the elastic force effect of spring 902, is completed to changer lever 7Locking, ensure that left and right print head assembly switching accuracy and work reliability.
Referring to Figure 10 to Figure 11, when extrusion system is fixed except extrusion system with direction A ' movement and by being mounted onLeft block 11 (L) when changer lever 7 is switched to position shown in Figure 10, left side print head assembly 5 along left rail 401 to the rightLower section is moved to lower limit and active-feeding wheel 3 cooperates, while right side print head assembly 5 is moved along right rail 401 to upper right sideSupreme spacing place is moved, generates difference in height Δ h ', left side printhead cluster between left nozzle 5043 (L) and right nozzle 5043 (R) at this timePart 5 is in running order, and (L) the wire vent axis of left nozzle 5043 is less than right nozzle with 3 axle center normal distance L ' of active-feeding wheel5043 (R) wire vent axis and 3 axle center normal distance L of active-feeding wheel.In handoff procedure, left elevating lever 601 (L) is from switching701 middle top surface of track groove of bar 7 slides into left side bottom surface, while right elevating lever 601 is on the right side of the track groove 701 of changer lever 7Bottom surface slides into middle top surface (Figure 10 state), and driving left and right print head assembly moves up and down the switching for realizing print head.With thisMeanwhile the left lock hole 703 on changer lever 7 moves at spring-loaded plunger 9, the steel ball 901 in spring-loaded plunger 9 is in spring 902It is closely pressed into left lock hole 703 under elastic force effect, completes the locking to changer lever 7, ensure that left and right print head assembly switchesAccuracy and work reliability.
Changeover module of the invention is in such a way that external block pushes changer lever 7 to translate, two print heads in driving left and right5 synchronous backward of component moves up and down, to realize the difference in height switching and driven wheel assembly of the print head assembly 5 of left and right twoThe switching of 503 working conditions；Meanwhile 5 entirety of the print head assembly of left and right two switches over, and ensure that the precision and stabilization of switchingProperty.
It is to be appreciated that term " on ", "lower" in the present embodiment, "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", " waterIt is flat ", "inner", "outside", "top", the instructions such as "bottom" orientation or positional relationship be to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings,It is merely for convenience of description embodiments of the present invention and simplifies description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning mustThere must be specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as the limit to embodiments of the present inventionSystem.
Simply to illustrate that technical concepts and features of the invention, its purpose is allows in the art above-described embodimentThose of ordinary skill cans understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is allIt is the equivalent changes or modifications that the essence of content according to the present invention is made, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.