A method of obtaining the ultrasonic wave added welding light alloy of full solid solution connectorTechnical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic wave added welding technology fields, auxiliary more particularly, to a kind of ultrasound for obtaining full solid solution connectorThe method for helping welding light alloy.
Background technique
Existing traditional TLP welding method causes to keep the temperature since the material not to intermediate reaction material layer screensTime is long, and welding efficiency is low, while can generate brittle intermetallic compound in the welding process that connector is formed, and especially existsContinuous intermetallic compounds layer can be generated in connector, intermetallic compound can make the strength reduction of joint microstructure, welding effectThe mechanical property of difference, integral joint is low.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultrasound for obtaining full solid solution connector is auxiliaryThe method for helping welding light alloy passes through the screening to intermediate reaction material layer material and the tune of important parameter in the welding processIt is whole, it can effectively avoid forming brittle intermetallic compound in the welding process, to obtain no weld metal zone brittle intermetallic thingFull solid solution connector, the high mechanical properties of connector, welding efficiency is high, and welding effect is good.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of ultrasound obtaining full solid solution connectorThe method of auxiliary welding light alloy, including base material to be welded and intermediate reaction material layer, base material to be welded select light alloy,Intermediate reaction material layer screening step,
Condition one, the fusion temperature of intermediate reaction material layer are lower than 195-205 DEG C of fusing point of base material to be welded, or intermediate anti-Answer the eutectic temperature between material layer and base material essential element to be welded lower than 150-300 DEG C of base material fusing point to be welded,
Condition two, the solid solubility maximum value between intermediate reaction material layer and base material essential element to be welded are at least up to10%,
Condition three, intermediate reaction material layer essential element are no more than with the Atomic radiuses difference maximum in base material to be welded50pm,
Condition four, the difference in Electrode Potential between intermediate reaction material layer essential element and base material to be welded is at most in -0.8VWithin,
Intermediate reaction material layer at least meets three conditions in above four conditions；
The weld interface of base material to be welded and intermediate reaction material layer are carried out mechanical grinding and ultrasound by surface treatment stepCleaning；
Intermediate reaction material layer is placed in the weld interface of base material to be welded, formation group by cell assembling step to be weldedDress sequence is base material to be welded/intermediate reaction material layer/base material to be welded connected components to be welded, and connected components to be welded are completed；
Connected components to be welded, are placed in the processing platform of ultrasonic welding system by upper machine ultrasonic welding step, and are ultrasonic worksTool head is pressed on the top of connected components to be welded；Ultrasonic probe is applied into pressure to connected components longitudinal direction to be welded, pressure value is0.1-0.2MPa；
Oxidation film step is abolished, is conducted ultrasonic wave is welded to connected components to be welded by Ultrasonic probe, to be welded groupPart carries out load ultrasound and heating, welds the power control of ultrasonic wave in 200-500W, the frequency for welding ultrasonic wave is controlled in 10-30kHz, while by heating equipment heating intermediate reaction material layer, heating equipment power control is in 4-6kW, heating equipment frequencyIn 200-250kHz, the reaction temperature that intermediate reaction material layer is arranged is main than intermediate reaction material layer and base material to be welded for controlEutectic temperature between element is 10-35 DEG C high, and under the action of welding ultrasound, the physical state of base material to be welded is solid-state, inBetween the reaction wood bed of material physical state be liquid, formed solid liquid interface, realize preliminary metallurgical, bond；
Elements diffusion step, Ultrasonic probe treat weld assembly and continue to welding ultrasonic wave, weld the function of ultrasonic waveIn 200-500W, the frequency for welding ultrasonic wave, which is controlled in 10-30kHz, while by heating equipment, keeps the temperature intermediate reaction for rate controlIntermediate reaction material is arranged in 200-250kHz in 4-6kW, the control of heating equipment frequency in material layer, heating equipment power controlThe reaction temperature of layer is higher than the eutectic temperature between intermediate reaction material layer and base material essential element to be welded, and intermediate reaction materialThe reaction temperature of the bed of material is lower than the fusing point of base material to be welded, and the physical state of base material to be welded is solid-state, intermediate reaction material layerPhysical state be liquid, elements diffusion occurs between base material and intermediate reaction material layer to be welded, to gradually generate solid solutionBody tissue, solid solution body tissue are solid-state, and the quantity for being dissolved body tissue gradually increases, and intermediate reaction material layer gradually decreases；
Full solid solution connector forming step, Ultrasonic probe treat weld assembly and continue to welding ultrasonic wave, and welding is superThe power control of sound wave is treated in 200-500W, the frequency control for welding ultrasonic wave in 10-30kHz, while by heating equipmentWeld assembly is kept the temperature, and heating equipment power control controls in 200-250kHz, setting in 4-6kW, heating equipment frequencyBetween the reaction wood bed of material reaction temperature it is higher than the eutectic temperature between intermediate reaction material layer and base material essential element to be welded, andThe reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer is lower than the fusing point of base material to be welded, and intermediate reaction material layer is completely converted into solid solution groupIt knits, intermediate reaction material layer disappears, and solid solution organizes the formation of a full solid solution connector；
Weld assembly step is completed, cancels protecting going easy on weld assembly cancellation welding ultrasound to intermediate reaction material layerWave keeps pressure to be cooled to room temperature, obtains welding finished product in atmospheric environment.
In further technical solution, the intermediate reaction material layer screening step, it is preferable that base material to be welded it is mainThe Atomic radiuses difference of the essential element of element and intermediate reaction layer is within the scope of 35pm.
In further technical solution, the intermediate reaction material layer selects pure metal or alloy material.
In further technical solution, paillon is made in the intermediate reaction material layer, and the thickness of paillon is arranged in 45-55 μm。
In further technical solution, in the cell assembling step to be welded, the intermediate reaction material layer is selectedModes of emplacement or precoating mode are contacted with the weld interface of the base material to be welded, then include intermediate reaction material using precoating modeBed of material pre-coat step, base material to be welded include the first base material to be welded and the second base material to be welded, by alloy material and first toWelding base metal abolishes the oxidation film on the first base material surface to be welded by the heating and ultrasonication of precoating ultrasonic device, is formedPreliminary welding tissue, completes the precoating of intermediate reaction material layer.
In further technical solution, the reaction wood bed of material pre-coat step has following sub-step,
Material prepares sub-step, and described first base material to be welded after polishing in surface treatment step is placedOn the fixture of precoating ultrasonic device, the alloy material that can be made into the corresponding weight of 50-120 μ m thick is weighed, by alloyMaterial is placed in the weld interface of the first base material to be welded；
First base material to be welded abolishes oxidation film sub-step, will precoat the power control of ultrasonic device in 200-500W, in advanceThe frequency control of ultrasonic device is applied in 10-30kHz, heating equipment power control precoats the control of ultrasonic device frequency and exist in 4-6kWThe temperature of alloy material is heated above 20 DEG C or more of alloy material fusing point, the physics shape of alloy material by 200-250kHzState is liquid, precoats the ultrasonication of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of ultrasonic device in fixture, to abolish the first base material table to be welded completelyThe oxidation film in face makes the first base material to be welded and alloy material that metallurgical reaction occur, and alloy material forms the intermediate reaction materialThe bed of material, intermediate reaction material layer and the first base material to be welded weld to form alloy-layer base material to be welded；
Air-cooled solidification is polished sub-step, by alloy-layer base material to be welded cooled and solidified in an atmosphere, alloy-layer mother to be weldedAfter the completion of material cooled and solidified, preliminary welding tissue is formed, the physical aspect of intermediate reaction material layer is solid-state, and alloy-layer is to be weldedThe surface for connecing base material is polishing to smooth, makes the thickness control of intermediate reaction material layer at 95-105 μm；
In the cell assembling step to be welded, by the weld interface of the second base material to be welded and alloy-layer mother to be weldedIntermediate reaction material layer fitting in material, make intermediate reaction material layer be located at the first base material to be welded and the second base material to be welded itBetween, connected components to be welded are completed.
In further technical solution, the full solid solution connector forming step and the completion weld assembly step itBetween, including solid solution ingredient homogenizing step, it is ultrasonic that the Ultrasonic probe continues to the welding to the connected components to be weldedWave welds the power control of ultrasonic wave in 200-500W, and the frequency for welding ultrasonic wave is controlled in 10-30kHz, while passing through heatingInsulation of equipment intermediate reaction material layer, in 4-6kW, heating equipment frequency is controlled in 200-250kHz heating equipment power control,The reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer is set than the eutectic temperature between intermediate reaction material layer and base material essential element to be weldedDegree is high, and the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer is lower than the fusing point of base material to be welded, after forming full solid solution body tissue connector,Welding ultrasonic wave continues to act on base material 30-90 seconds to be welded.
In further technical solution, the intermediate reaction material layer screening step,
Condition one, the fusion temperature of intermediate reaction material layer are lower than 195-205 DEG C of fusing point of base material to be welded, or intermediate anti-Answer the eutectic temperature between material layer and base material essential element to be welded lower than 200 DEG C of base material fusing point,
Condition two, the solid solubility maximum value between intermediate reaction material layer and base material essential element to be welded are at least up to5%,
Condition three, intermediate reaction material layer essential element are no more than with the Atomic radiuses difference maximum in base material to be welded10pm,
The difference in Electrode Potential of condition four, intermediate reaction material layer essential element and base material to be welded is at least within -0.6V.
In further technical solution, oxidation film step, elements diffusion step and the full solid solution connector abolished is formedIn step, welding ultrasonic wave applies ultrasonication to weld assembly, and welding ultrasonication is until intermediate reaction material layer becomes completeStop after solid solution body tissue.
In further technical solution, in the surface treatment step, to the described to be welded of the base material to be weldedFace is polished, and the sand paper of 400-1500 mesh is selected to polish surface to be welded；It is 90- that base material to be welded, which is placed in concentration,It is cleaned by ultrasonic in 100% acetone soln and using cleaning ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic cleaning time is 10-20 minutes.
After adopting the above structure, the invention has the advantages that compared with the prior art: in the welding process can be effectiveThe formation of weld metal zone brittle intermetallic thing in joint microstructure is avoided, so that full solid solution connector is obtained, the mechanics of full solid solution connectorPerformance is good, and welding efficiency is high, and welding process is polluted without solder, environmentally protective.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is that welding ultrasonic wave auxiliary transition liquid phase diffusion weld of the invention connects structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that the first base material to be welded of the invention structure of precoating intermediate reaction material layer on precoating ultrasonic device is shownIt is intended to；
Fig. 3 a-3d is that inventive joint is full solid solution, and base material to be welded is the welding method schematic illustration of aluminium alloy；
Fig. 4 is Al-Zn binary phase diagraml of the invention；
Fig. 5-Fig. 6 be 80Sn-20Zn alloy of the present invention as intermediate reaction material layer 350 DEG C respectively ultrasound 60 seconds and300 seconds joints morphology schematic diagrames；
Fig. 7-Fig. 8 be 60Sn-40Zn alloy of the present invention as intermediate reaction material layer 350 DEG C respectively ultrasound 60 seconds and300 seconds joints morphology schematic diagrames；
Fig. 9 is the enlarged diagram of Fig. 8 of the present invention；
Figure 10-13 is that Ag-Cu eutectic alloy of the present invention is that intermediate reaction material layer and aluminium alloy are in reaction temperature respectivelyWeld assembly is treated respectively for 560 DEG C apply the welding joint structure that the welding ultrasonication time is 5 seconds, 15 seconds, 30 seconds and 60 secondsPattern；
Figure 14-15 is that Ag-Cu eutectic alloy of the present invention is that intermediate reaction material layer is made in 560 DEG C of application welding ultrasounds respectivelyThe welding point fracture path schematic diagram and fracture apperance schematic diagram for being 5 seconds with the time；
Figure 16 is that the pure Zn of the present invention makees the full α-that intermediate reaction material layer applies welding formation in ultrasonication 90 seconds at 450 DEG CAl solid solution joints morphology；
Figure 17 is that 85Zn-15Al alloy of the present invention is made intermediate reaction material layer and welded ultrasonication 60 seconds in 450 DEG C of applicationsFull α-Al solid solution the joints morphology formed；
Figure 18-23 is the pure Zn of the present invention as intermediate reaction material layer, and base material to be welded is aluminium alloy, is heated to 390 DEG C,Apply welding ultrasound after 3 seconds, is continuously heating to 420 DEG C, 450 DEG C, 480 DEG C, 510 DEG C and 540 DEG C respectively, it is super to continue to weldingSound acts on 90 seconds contact cross-section microstructure morphology schematic diagrames；
Figure 24-27 invents 85Zn-15Al alloy as intermediate reaction material layer, and base material to be welded is aluminium alloy, is heated to390 DEG C, applies welding ultrasound after 3 seconds, be continuously heating to 420 DEG C, 450 DEG C, 480 DEG C and 510 DEG C respectively, it is super to continue to weldingSound acts on 30 seconds contact cross-section microstructure morphology schematic diagrames；
Figure 28 is the enlarged drawing of Figure 27 of the present invention；
Figure 29 is Mg-Zn binary phase diagraml of the invention；
Figure 30-33 is the pure Zn of the present invention as intermediate reaction material layer, and base material to be welded is magnesium alloy, is heated to 370 DEG C,Apply welding ultrasound after 3 seconds, be continuously heating to 400 DEG C, 430 DEG C, 460 DEG C and 490 DEG C respectively, continues to welding ultrasonication2 seconds contact cross-section microstructure morphology schematic diagrames；
Figure 34 is that the pure Zn of the present invention makees intermediate reaction material layer, and base material to be welded is magnesium alloy, is heated to 370 DEG C of application welderingsIt connects and is warming up within ultrasonication 3 seconds the shear strength schematic diagram that different temperatures applies formation connector after welding ultrasonication 2 again；
Figure 35 is Mg-Cu-Zn ternary phase diagrams of the present invention；
Figure 36-39 is 72Cu-28Zn alloy of the present invention as intermediate reaction material layer, and base material to be welded is magnesium alloy, is risenTemperature continues to apply the contact cross-section microstructure morphology that welding ultrasonication is 30 seconds, 45 seconds, 60 seconds and 90 seconds respectively to 460 DEG CSchematic diagram；
Figure 40 is that 72Cu-28Zn alloy of the present invention makees intermediate reaction material layer, and base material to be welded is magnesium alloy, is heated toThe shearing strength of joint schematic diagram of the welding ultrasonication of 460 DEG C of application different times；
Figure 41 is that 72Cu-28Zn alloy of the present invention makees intermediate reaction material layer, and base material to be welded is magnesium alloy, is heated toThe connector fracture apperance schematic diagram that it is 90 seconds the welding ultrasonication time that 460 DEG C, which apply,；
Figure 42 is Mg-Pb binary phase diagraml of the present invention；
Figure 44-46 is the pure Pb of the present invention as intermediate reaction material layer, and base material to be welded is magnesium alloy, is heated to 280 DEG C,Apply welding ultrasound after 3 seconds, then is warming up to 490 DEG C and applies the contact cross-section that welding ultrasonic time is 2 seconds, 10 seconds and 20 seconds respectivelyMicrostructure morphology schematic diagram；
Figure 43 is the enlarged diagram of Figure 44.
Figure 47 is that the pure Pb of the present invention makees intermediate reaction material layer, and base material to be welded is magnesium alloy, super in 280 DEG C of application weldingSound acts on 3 seconds, is further continued for the shearing strength of joint signal of welding ultrasonication different time for being increased to apply when 490 DEG C of weldingFigure；
Figure 48 is that the pure Pb of the present invention makees intermediate reaction material layer, and base material to be welded is magnesium alloy, super in 280 DEG C of application weldingSound acts on 3 seconds, is further continued for being increased to applying the connector fracture apperance schematic diagram welded ultrasonication 20 seconds when 490 DEG C of welding.
In figure: 1, Ultrasonic probe 2, heating equipment 3, base material to be welded 4, intermediate reaction material layer 5, fixture 6, ultrasound becomeWidth bar.
Specific embodiment
It is only below presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
A method of the ultrasonic wave added welding light alloy of full solid solution connector being obtained, including base material to be welded 3 is inBetween the reaction wood bed of material 4, base material 3 to be welded selects light alloy, and intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects pure metal or alloy material.InBetween the reaction wood bed of material 4 be made paillon, the thickness of paillon is arranged at 45-55 μm.Shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 2, the screening of intermediate reaction material layerStep,
Condition one, the fusion temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 are lower than 195-205 DEG C of fusing point of base material 3 to be welded, or intermediateEutectic temperature between 3 essential element of the reaction wood bed of material 4 and base material to be welded is lower than 150-300 DEG C of 3 fusing point of base material to be welded, itemPart two, the solid solubility maximum value between 3 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material to be welded are at least up to 10%, conditionThree, the Atomic radiuses difference maximum in 4 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer and base material 3 to be welded is no more than 50pm, condition four, inBetween difference in Electrode Potential between 4 essential element of the reaction wood bed of material and base material to be welded 3 at most within -0.8V, intermediate reaction materialThe bed of material 4 at least meets three conditions in above four conditions；
In intermediate reaction material layer screening step, it is preferable that the essential element and intermediate reaction layer 4 of base material 3 to be weldedEssential element Atomic radiuses difference within the scope of 35pm.The close isothermal solidification and homogenization of composition mistake in welding of atomic radiusThe atom of essential element is easy to expand into the lattice of 3 essential element of base material to be welded in Cheng Zhong, liquid phase or intermediate reaction material layer 4It dissipates, accelerates welding process, and can form solid solution body tissue makes connector form raising.
Using the welding technique of " ultrasonic welding, twice ultrasonic heat preservation " using aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy as Typical RepresentativeIt is most important on condition that avoiding being formed in the welding process in order to which high efficiency obtains high-intensitive welding point when light alloyBrittle intermetallic compound, especially continuous intermetallic compounds layer.For this purpose, the present invention is to obtain full solid solution connectorPurpose, i.e. the reaction temperature temperature by designing the intermediate reaction material layer 4 in suitable intermediate reaction material layer 4 and weldingAnd the control that weld assembly applies the welding ultrasonication time is treated, high-performance is formed in weld layer without embrittlement tendencyFull solid solution body tissue, thus the whole mechanical property for improving connector.For using aluminium alloy as base material 3 to be welded, principleWelding process signal as illustrated in figs. 3 a-3d.Wherein, Fig. 3 a-3b is once to heat to apply to weld to intermediate reaction material layer to surpassSound wave effect melts intermediate reaction material layer 4 in connected components to be welded, and removes 3 aluminum alloy surface oxidation film of base material to be welded；Fig. 3 c-3d is that the secondary reaction temperature heating to intermediate reaction material layer applies welding ultrasonic wave and acts on connected components to be welded, GuLiquid interface element, which is quickly spread, completes isothermal solidification, forms full Al based solid solution connector, in other words, intermediate reaction material layer 4Design, preparation and optimization are to obtain low temperature, efficient, high-strength soldering core link.
Based on the ingredient and physicochemical characteristics of base material 3 to be welded, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy are the typical generations of light alloyAs base material 3 to be welded, the method for using " ultrasonic welding, twice ultrasonic heat preservation " is welded for table, aluminium alloy or magnesium alloyWhen connecing, the design principle of intermediate reaction material layer 4 mainly includes four aspects: 1) intermediate reaction material layer 4 has lower moltenChange temperature, intermediate reaction material layer 4 or eutectic temperature between 3 essential element of base material to be welded are lower, make welding temperature (welderingJointing temp refers to the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4) it is lower, while can also prevent base material to be welded 3 in welding processMiddle softening；2) there is higher solid solubility between 3 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material to be welded, to form full solid solutionBody connector；3) 4 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer is close with the atomic radius in base material 3 to be welded, in isothermal solidification andIn the welding process of homogenization of composition, the atom in intermediate reaction material layer 4 is easy to spread into base material 3 to be welded, and is formedSolid solution and improve joint performance；4) the electrode potential differential of the essential element of intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material 3 to be weldedClosely, to guarantee the corrosion resistance of welding point.
The weld interface of base material 3 to be welded and intermediate reaction material layer 4 are carried out mechanical grinding and surpassed by surface treatment stepSound cleaning；Specifically, the surface to be welded for treating welding base metal 3 is polished, and selects the sand paper of 400-1500 mesh to surface to be weldedIt polishes；It is in 90-100% acetone soln and clear using cleaning ultrasonic wave progress ultrasound that base material 3 to be welded, which is placed in concentration,It washes, the ultrasonic cleaning time is 10-20 minutes.Wherein, cleaning ultrasonic wave is the ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic generator generation and conducts extremelyThe ultrasonic wave of Ultrasonic probe 1 and service sink.To reach removal base material 3 to be welded and intermediate reaction material in surface treatment stepThe purpose of the surface impurity of the bed of material 4.
Intermediate reaction material layer 4 is placed in the weld interface of base material 3 to be welded by cell assembling step to be welded, is formedAssembling sequence is the connected components to be welded of 3/ intermediate reaction material layer of base material 4/ to be welded base material 3 to be welded, connected components assembling to be weldedIt completes；Specifically, in the case where intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects paillon, i.e., according to 3/ intermediate reaction material of base material to be weldedThe placement of base material 3 to be welded of layer 4/ forms connected components to be welded and just completes to assemble.
In cell assembling step to be welded, intermediate reaction material layer 4 select modes of emplacement or precoating mode with it is to be weldedThe weld interface of base material 3 contacts, and then includes 4 pre-coat step of intermediate reaction material layer using precoating mode, base material 3 to be welded includesAlloy material and the first base material 3 to be welded are passed through precoating ultrasonic device by the first base material 3 and the second base material 3 to be welded to be weldedHeating and ultrasonication, abolish the oxidation film on the first 3 surface of base material to be welded, form preliminary welding tissue, complete intermediate anti-Material layer 4 is answered to precoat.More specifically, reaction wood bed of material pre-coat step has following sub-step,
Material prepares sub-step, and first base material 3 to be welded after polishing in surface treatment step is placed onOn the fixture 5 for precoating ultrasonic device, the alloy material that can be made into the corresponding weight of 50-120 μ m thick is weighed, alloy material is putIt is placed in the weld interface of the first base material 3 to be welded；
First base material to be welded abolishes oxidation film sub-step, will precoat the power control of ultrasonic device in 200-500W, in advanceThe frequency control of ultrasonic device is applied in 10-30kHz, 2 power control of heating equipment precoats the control of ultrasonic device frequency in 4-6kWIn 200-250kHz, the temperature of alloy material is heated above 20 DEG C or more of alloy material fusing point, the physics of alloy materialForm is liquid, precoats the ultrasonication of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 6 of ultrasonic device in fixture 5, to abolish the first mother to be welded completelyThe oxidation film on 3 surface of material makes the first base material 3 to be welded that metallurgical reaction occur with alloy material, and alloy material forms intermediate reactionMaterial layer 4, intermediate reaction material layer 4 and the first welding of base material 3 to be welded form alloy-layer base material 3 to be welded；
Air-cooled solidification is polished sub-step, by alloy-layer base material 3 to be welded cooled and solidified in an atmosphere, alloy-layer mother to be weldedAfter the completion of 3 cooled and solidified of material, preliminary welding tissue is formed, the physical aspect of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is solid-state, and alloy-layer is waited forThe surface of welding base metal 3 is polishing to smooth, makes the thickness control of intermediate reaction material layer 4 at 95-105 μm；
In cell assembling step to be welded, by the weld interface of the second base material 3 to be welded and alloy-layer base material 3 to be weldedIn intermediate reaction material layer 4 be bonded, so that intermediate reaction material layer 4 is located at the first base material 3 and the second base material 3 to be welded to be weldedBetween, connected components to be welded are completed.
Connected components to be welded, are placed in the processing platform of ultrasonic welding system by upper machine ultrasonic welding step, and are ultrasonic worksTool head 1 is pressed on the top of connected components to be welded；Ultrasonic probe 1 is applied into pressure, pressure value to connected components longitudinal direction to be weldedFor 0.1-0.2MPa；
Oxidation film step is abolished, is conducted ultrasonic wave is welded to connected components to be welded by Ultrasonic probe 1, to be welded groupPart carries out load ultrasound and heating, welds the power control of ultrasonic wave in 200-500W, the frequency for welding ultrasonic wave is controlled in 10-30kHz, while being heated up connected components to be welded by heating equipment 2,2 power control of heating equipment is in 4-6kW, 2 frequency of heating equipmentThe reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is arranged than intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material 3 to be welded in 200-250kHz in controlEutectic temperature between essential element is 10-35 DEG C high, and under the action of welding ultrasound, the physical state of base material 3 to be welded is solidState, the physical state of intermediate reaction material layer 4 are liquid, form solid liquid interface, realize preliminary metallurgical, bond；
In abolishing oxidation film step, solid liquid interface is connecing between base material 3 to be welded and intermediate reaction material layer 4It touches weld interface and generates partial liquid phase or liquid phase layer, start in the atom of base material 3 to be welded and the atom of intermediate reaction material layer 4It is diffused, realizes preliminary metallurgical, bond.
Elements diffusion step, Ultrasonic probe 1 treat weld assembly and continue to welding ultrasonic wave, weld the function of ultrasonic waveIn 200-500W, the frequency for welding ultrasonic wave is controlled in 10-30kHz, while keeping the temperature to be welded group by heating equipment 2 for rate controlIntermediate reaction material layer 4 is arranged in 200-250kHz in 4-6kW, the control of 2 frequency of heating equipment in part, 2 power control of heating equipmentReaction temperature it is higher than the eutectic temperature between 3 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material to be welded, and intermediate reaction materialThe reaction temperature of the bed of material 4 is lower than the fusing point of base material 3 to be welded, and the physical state of base material 3 to be welded is solid-state, intermediate reaction materialThe physical state of layer 4 is liquid, elements diffusion occurs between base material 3 to be welded and intermediate reaction material layer 4, to gradually generateIt is dissolved body tissue, solid solution body tissue is solid-state, and the quantity for being dissolved body tissue gradually increases, and intermediate reaction material layer 4 gradually decreases；
In elements diffusion step, base material 3 to be welded carries out metallurgical reaction, base material 3 to be welded with intermediate reaction material layer 4Atom with the atom of intermediate reaction material layer 4 be diffused and react, form solid solution body tissue, with metallurgical reaction intoRow, solid solution body tissue gradually increase, and intermediate reaction material layer 4 gradually decreases.
Full solid solution connector forming step, Ultrasonic probe 1 treat weld assembly and continue to welding ultrasonic wave, and welding is superIn 200-500W, the frequency for welding ultrasonic wave is controlled in 10-30kHz the power control of sound wave, while being treated by heating equipment 2Weld assembly is kept the temperature, and 2 power control of heating equipment is in 4-6kW, and the control of 2 frequency of heating equipment is in 200-250kHz, settingThe reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is than the eutectic temperature between 3 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material to be weldedHeight, and the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is lower than the fusing point of base material 3 to be welded, intermediate reaction material layer 4 is completely converted intoIt is dissolved body tissue, intermediate reaction material layer 4 disappears, and solid solution organizes the formation of a full solid solution connector；
After full solid solution connector forming step, in the original in the welding layer of some kinds of 3 connector of base material to be weldedBetween essential element diffusion in the reaction wood bed of material 4 it is uneven, therefore solid solution ingredient can be increased before completing weld assembly stepHomogenizing step, Ultrasonic probe 1 treat weld assembly and continue to welding ultrasonic wave, weld the power control of ultrasonic wave in 200-500W, the frequency for welding ultrasonic wave is controlled in 10-30kHz, while keeping the temperature connected components to be welded, heating equipment 2 by heating equipment 2The reaction temperature ratio of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is arranged in 200-250kHz in 4-6kW, the control of 2 frequency of heating equipment in power controlEutectic temperature between 3 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material to be welded is high, and the reaction of intermediate reaction material layer 4Temperature is lower than the fusing point of base material 3 to be welded, and after forming full solid solution body tissue connector, welding ultrasonic wave continues to act on to be weldedBase material 3 three ten-nine ten seconds.The welding ultrasonic wave acts on base material 3 to be welded until the ingredient of weld layer is uniform.
It abolishes in oxidation film step, elements diffusion step and full solid solution connector forming step, welds ultrasonic wave to weldingComponent applies welding ultrasonication, and welding ultrasonication is until intermediate reaction material layer 4 becomes to stop after being dissolved body tissue entirely.
Weld assembly step is completed, cancels protecting going easy on weld assembly cancellation welding ultrasound to intermediate reaction material layer 4Wave keeps pressure to be cooled to room temperature, obtains welding finished product in atmospheric environment.
It abolishes oxidation film step to belong to " ultrasonic welding ", elements diffusion step, full solid solution connector forming step categoryIn " twice ultrasonic heat preservation ".
The ultrasonic effect in intermediate reaction material layer 4 and the differential responses stage of base material 3 to be welded of welding in the present inventionBe it is different, present invention process can be summarized as primary ultrasound connection, the NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE technique of twice ultrasonic heat preservation.Abolishing oxygenThe effect for changing the welding ultrasound in film step is to remove oxide film dissolving using the cavitation effect of ultrasonic wave, which is primary superSound connection；The effect of welding ultrasound in elements diffusion step, full solid solution connector forming step is by intermediate reaction materialLayer 4 squeezes out connector with the eutectic liquid phase that base material 3 to be welded is formed during the reaction to form full solid solution connector, the reactionStage is twice ultrasonic holding stage.
And by the suitable intermediate reaction material layer 4 of selection and to the suitable welding temperature of selection in welding process applyIt is welded with and connects ultrasonication, finally obtain the full solid solution joint microstructure of no weld metal zone brittle intermetallic thing, the full solid solution connector groupThe mechanical property knitted is good, the high mechanical properties of connector, and welding efficiency is high, and welding effect is good.
Embodiment two
Primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, differenceBe, base material 3 to be welded selects aluminium alloy, intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects respectively 80Sn-20Zn in Sn-Zn system alloy with60Sn-40Zn, preparing intermediate reaction material layer 4 by way of the precoating of the weld interface of base material 3 to be welded.As Fig. 5-9 instituteShow, 80Sn-20Zn is controlled as the reaction temperature of the intermediate reaction material layer 4 of intermediate reaction material layer 4 at 310 DEG C, is treatedWeld assembly applies welding ultrasonication 3-5 seconds, and the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is warming up to 350 DEG C of continuation againApply welding ultrasonication；60Sn-40Zn is controlled as the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 at 330 DEG C, to be weldedComponent applies welding ultrasonication 3-5 seconds, and the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is warming up to 350 DEG C again and continues to treatWeld assembly applies welding ultrasonication.
Since the mutual solubility between Sn and Al is lower, therefore the meltage of 3 aluminum alloy surface Al of base material to be welded is smaller, Al/The interface Sn keeps flat, and the α-Al and η-Zn solid solution pellet content being distributed in Sn-Zn eutectic structure are less.It is welded with applyingConnect the increase of Zn content in the extension of ultrasonication time or intermediate reaction material layer 4, α-Al and η-Zn solid solution pellet in connectorQuantity increase.By Fig. 5-9 as it can be seen that Sn-Zn serial alloy welding, which connects, is difficult to obtain full solid solution connector, even if Zn contains in alloyAmount increases to 40wt.%, and the welding ultrasonication time extends to 300 seconds, and joint microstructure is still mainly by Sn-Zn eutectic structure or β-Sn composition, mechanical property is poor, and shear strength is no more than 100MPa.Its reason is that solid solubility of the Sn in Al is lower,And Al cannot react with Sn and form alloy phase, so that LIQUID Sn cannot be eliminated within some time when welding.Therefore, knot is obtainedBy being that solid solubility of the Sn in Al is lower, it is difficult to obtain full solid solution connector, Sn-Zn system alloy under different holding temperaturesIt is not suitable for the intermediate reaction material layer 4 as aluminium alloy.
Embodiment three
Primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, differenceIt is, base material 3 to be welded selects aluminium alloy, and intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects 72Ag-28Cu alloy, and intermediate reaction material layer 4 isThe form of alloy foil sheet.As shown in figures 10-13, the intermediate reaction material layer 4 to 72Ag-28Cu as intermediate reaction material layer 4Reaction temperature control at 310 DEG C, treat weld assembly apply welding ultrasonication 3-5 seconds, again by intermediate reaction material layer 4Reaction temperature be warming up to 560 DEG C continue to welding ultrasonication；
Reaction temperature when welding by Al/72Ag-28Cu/Al sample in intermediate reaction material layer 4 is controlled in 560 DEG C of ultrasoundsDifferent time, the joints morphology formed is as shown in figures 10-13.Since Ag-Cu alloy eutectic temperature is 779 DEG C, and Al-The eutectic temperature of Ag and Al-Cu is respectively 567 DEG C and 548 DEG C, thus in the temperature setting to intermediate reaction material layer 4 560It DEG C treats after weld assembly applies welding ultrasound, although 72Ag-28Cu Alloy Foil itself cannot still melt, once Al and AgOr liquid phase just can be generated after Cu contact near interface, and then isothermal solidification is completed by element counterdiffusion and realizes mother to be weldedThe welding of material 3.By Figure 10-13 it is found that after the appearance of Al-Ag-Cu eutectic composition liquid phase, the Al of 3 aluminum alloy surface of base material to be weldedA large amount of dissolutions occur, so that Al (Ag, Cu) solid solution pellet be precipitated in the liquid phase.It treats weld assembly and applies welding ultrasound 60 secondsThe connector formed afterwards is mainly by Al (Ag, Cu) solid solution, Ag (Al) solid solution and a small amount of eutectic composition；Due to mixing solid solutionPresence, the joint microstructure stability is poor, and shear strength is generally lower than 100MPa.
In addition, 560 DEG C of welding temperature is higher, the appearance of base material 3 to be welded for base material 3 to be welded is aluminium alloyEasily soften, thus joint mechanical property reduce, as shown in figs. 14-15, though treat weld assembly apply welding ultrasound compared withShort time 5 seconds connectors are also due to base material to be welded 3 softens and is broken the mother to be welded near the interface of the diffusion region Al/AgThe softening of material 3 is one of the main reason for causing joint performance to weaken.
The studies above the result shows that, 72Ag-28Cu eutectic alloy can not as 3 aluminium alloy of base material to be welded welding it is excellentThe intermediate reaction material layer 4 of choosing.
Example IV
Primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, differenceIt is, base material 3 to be welded selects aluminium alloy, and intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects pure Zn foil or 85Zn-15Al alloy respectively, whereinThe pure Zn foil that intermediate reaction material layer 4 uses is the prefabricated paillon of 50 μ m thicks, and 85Zn-15Al system alloy is as intermediate reaction materialThe bed of material 4 is prepared by and 3 surface of base material to be welded precoats and polishes flat.To pure Zn foil as intermediate reaction material layer 4Reaction temperature control at 390 DEG C, treat weld assembly apply welding ultrasonication 3-5 seconds, again by intermediate reaction material layer 4Reaction temperature be warming up to 450-480 DEG C treat weld assembly continue to welding ultrasonication, welding the ultrasonication time be90-120 seconds；Reaction temperature to 85Zn-15Al alloy as intermediate reaction material layer 4 is controlled at 390 DEG C, treats weld assemblyApply welding ultrasonication 3-5 seconds, the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is warming up to 450-480 DEG C again, to be weldedComponent continues to welding ultrasonication, and applying the welding ultrasonication time is 60-90 seconds；
The screening principle of intermediate reaction material layer mainly includes four aspects: 1) intermediate reaction material layer 4 has lowerEutectic temperature between fusion temperature or intermediate reaction material layer 4 and 3 essential element of base material to be welded is lower；By Al-Zn phasorAs shown in Figure 4, solid solubility of the Zn in Al is high, and the fusing point of Zn is 419.6 DEG C, and 381 DEG C of Zn-Al eutectic temperature, fusing point is togetherBrilliant temperature is lower, and eligible one；2) by Al-Zn phasor it is found that the maximum solid solution degree value between Al-Zn reaches 83.1%, inBetween have higher solid solubility between 3 essential element of the reaction wood bed of material 4 and base material to be welded, to form solid solution connector, meet itemPart two；3) 4 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer is close with the atomic radius in base material 3 to be welded, isothermal solidification and atDivide in the welding process of homogenization, the atom in intermediate reaction material layer 4 is easy to spread into base material 3 to be welded, and is formed solidSolution and improve joint performance, Al atomic radius be 143pm, Zn atomic radius be 133pm, eligible three；4) intermediate anti-Answer the difference in Electrode Potential of 4 essential element of material layer and base material 3 to be welded close, to guarantee the corrosion resistance of jointing.CauseThis selects pure Zn foil or 85Zn-15Al alloy to meet the present invention as intermediate reaction material layer 4 and selects intermediate reaction material layer 4Condition.
As shown in Figure 4 by Al-Zn phasor, solid solubility of the Zn in Al is high, and the fusing point of Zn is 419.6 DEG C, Zn-Al eutectic381 DEG C of temperature, fusing point is lower with eutectic temperature, it is anticipated that using pure Zn foil or Zn-Al system alloy as intermediate reaction material4 welding base material 3 to be welded of layer is easily obtained full solid solution connector when being aluminium alloy, i.e., connector is by α-Al phase composition.Such as Figure 18-23It is learnt with shown in Figure 24-28, as long as welding temperature is no more than the overheat or burnt temperature of 3 aluminium alloy of base material itself to be welded,Ultrasound can obtain full α-Al solid solution connector after a certain period of time under different temperatures.As shown in figs. 16-17, two kinds of intermediate reaction materialsUltrasound is after 90 seconds and 60 seconds respectively when the bed of material 4 welds, and liquid phase completely disappears, and Zn element is all dissolved into Al crystal, thus shapeAt the uniform full α-Al solid solution connector of ingredient, also, the mechanical property of connector is more excellent.
Embodiment five
Primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, differenceIt is, base material 3 to be welded selects magnesium alloy, and intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects pure Zn foil, to pure Zn foil as intermediate reaction materialThe reaction temperature of the intermediate reaction material layer 4 of layer 4 is controlled at 370 DEG C, is treated weld assembly and is applied welding ultrasonication 3-5 seconds,The reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is warming up to 490 DEG C again and continues to welding ultrasonication, the ultrasonication time is2-5 seconds；
The screening principle of intermediate reaction material layer mainly includes four aspects: 1) intermediate reaction material layer 4 has lowerEutectic temperature between fusion temperature or intermediate reaction material layer 4 and 3 essential element of base material to be welded is lower；By Mg-Zn phasorAs shown in Figure 29, the solid solubility between Zn and Mg is high, and the fusing point of Zn is 419.6 DEG C, 341 DEG C of the eutectic temperature of Zn-Mg, fusing pointIt is lower with eutectic temperature, eligible one；2) as shown in Figure 29 by Mg-Zn phasor, the maximum solid solution degree value between Mg-Zn is super10% is crossed, has higher solid solubility between 3 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material to be welded, is connect with forming solid solutionHead, eligible two；3) 4 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer is close with the atomic radius in base material 3 to be welded, in isothermalIn the welding process of solidification and homogenization of composition, the atom in intermediate reaction material layer 4 is easy to spread into base material 3 to be welded,And form solid solution and improve joint performance, Mg atomic radius be 160pm, Zn atomic radius be 133pm, eligible three；4) difference in Electrode Potential of 4 essential element of intermediate reaction material layer and base material 3 to be welded is close, to guarantee the corrosion-resistant of jointingPerformance.Therefore pure Zn foil is selected to meet the condition that the present invention selects intermediate reaction material layer 4 as intermediate reaction material layer 4.
1 welding procedure of table is after being first to heat to the oxidation film that 370 DEG C of ultrasounds abolish Mg alloy surface for 3 seconds, to be continuously heating toDifferent temperatures is 2 seconds ultrasonic again, the relationship of shearing strength of joint and welding temperature
9Mg-Zn phasor according to fig. 2, for Mg-Zn system there are two eutectic reactions, minimum eutectic temperature is 341 DEG C,It is expected to generate the liquid phase of eutectic composition being higher than welding at this temperature, and avoids the formation of intermetallic compound as far as possible.MeanwhileZn and Mg crystal structure having the same, as close-packed hexagonal structure may infer that the element of solid liquid interface after liquid phase generatesCounterdiffusion rate is very fast, is conducive to form full Mg based solid solution connector within a short period of time.By Mg alloy/Zn/Mg alloy sampleWelding is completed by high-frequency induction heating to ultrasonication 3-5 seconds ultrasound of application welding after 370 DEG C, then intermediate reaction material layer4 reaction temperature is continuously heating to different temperatures and applies welding ultrasound 2-5 seconds, obtained joints morphology such as Figure 30-33 instituteShow.It can be seen that remaining Mg-Zn compound layer thickness is gradually reduced in connector, and Mg (Zn) with the raising of welding temperatureSolid solution layer thickness is then in increase trend, in 490 DEG C of application welding 2-5 seconds rear joints of ultrasound completely by Mg (Zn) solid solution groupAt.As shown in Figure 34 and table 1, the shear strength of connector with the reaction temperature of the intermediate reaction material layer 4 of twice ultrasonic literIt is high and increase, treat weld assembly apply weld ultrasonic time it is in rising trend increase with time after be maintained at certain level.TwoThe reaction temperature of the intermediate reaction material layer of secondary ultrasound is kept the temperature at 490 DEG C, is treated weld assembly and is applied welding ultrasound shape after 2-5 secondsAt full Mg (Zn) solid solution shearing strength of joint also reach peak, more than 100MPa, reach 3 shear strength of base material to be welded95%.
Embodiment six
Primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, differenceIt is, base material 3 to be welded selects magnesium alloy, and intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects 72Cu-28Zn alloy, makees to 72Cu-28Zn alloyIt controls for the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 at 460 DEG C, treats weld assembly and apply welding ultrasonication 3-5 seconds, againIt is warming up to 460 DEG C and continues to welding ultrasonication, the ultrasonication time is 90 seconds；
The present invention selects the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 at 455-465 DEG C.The fusing point of magnesium alloy is 650 DEG C,Mg-Cu-Zn ternary eutectic temperature is 450 DEG C, and ternary eutectic temperature is eligible lower than 200 DEG C of 3 melting temperature of base material to be weldedOne, the welding temperature as 72Cu-28Zn alloy intermediate reaction material layer 4.Intermediate reaction material layer 4 and base material 3 to be welded are mainThe solid solubility maximum value between element is wanted to reach 13.6%, eligible two, the radius of magnesium atom is 160PM, the half of copper atomDiameter is 128PM, and the semidiameter of magnesium atom and copper atom is 32pm, eligible three requirement, therefore 72Cu-28Zn foil is selected to makeMeet the condition that the present invention selects intermediate reaction material layer 4 for intermediate reaction material layer 4.
According to Mg-Cu binary phase diagraml, there are three eutectic reactions for Mg-Cu system, wherein minimum eutectic temperature is 487℃；And it is as shown in figure 35, Mg-Cu-Zn ternary eutectic temperature is 450 DEG C, it is clear that using 72Cu-28Zn alloy as intermediate anti-It answers material layer 4 to weld magnesium alloy and advantageously reduces welding temperature.
The reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is controlled to the welding ultrasound completion weldering for applying different time after 460 DEG CIt connects, obtained connector cross section tissue pattern is as shown in Figure 36-39.72Cu- after applying welding ultrasound 30 seconds to weld assembly28Zn alloy is completely reformed into the liquid phase of Mg-Cu-Zn eutectic composition, and it is solid to form certain thickness Mg (Cu, Zn) in the magnesium alloySolution layer, as shown in figure 36.It actually says when the reaction temperature of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is heated to 460 DEG C and not up to 72Cu-The fusion temperature of 28Zn alloy intermediate reaction material layer 4, the generation of liquid phase are entirely derived from the ternary that contact area constantly occursEutectic reaction.With the extension for treating weld assembly application ultrasonic time, the content of eutectic structure is constantly reduced in connector, is such as schemedShown in 37-38, completely disappeared until treating Mg-Cu-Zn eutectic after weld assembly applies welding ultrasonication 90 seconds, connector is wholeIt is made of Mg (Cu, Zn) solid solution, as shown in figure 39.Similarly, ultrasonication accelerates isothermal solidification process depending on a large amount of liquidIt mutually squeezes out and elements diffusion accelerates two kinds of behaviors.
2 welding procedure of table is after being first to heat to the oxidation film that 460 DEG C of ultrasounds abolish Mg alloy surface for 3 seconds, and continuing will be intermediateThe temperature of the reaction wood bed of material is maintained at 460 DEG C of ultrasonic different times, the relationship of shearing strength of joint and ultrasonic time
Make intermediate reaction material layer 4 using 72Cu-28Zn alloy to exist in the reaction temperature control of intermediate reaction material layer 4When 460 DEG C of welding, the shear strength of connector is in the trend risen with treating weld assembly to apply the extension of welding ultrasonic time,As shown in Figure 40 and table 2, treats weld assembly application welding 90 seconds full Mg (Cu, Zn) solid solution strength of joints formed of ultrasound and reachTo highest, it is 103.5MPa, reaches the 98.6% of magnesium alloy base material.Full Mg (Cu, Zn) solid solution connector main faults are in solid solutionInside body layer, there is continuous tear face in fracture surface, show that connector plasticity is preferable, as shown in figure 41.
Embodiment seven
Primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, differenceIt is, base material 3 to be welded selects magnesium alloy, and intermediate reaction material layer 4 selects pure Pb, is intermediate reaction material layer 4 to pure PbReaction temperature is controlled at 280 DEG C, is treated weld assembly and is applied welding ultrasonication 3-5 seconds, by the reaction of intermediate reaction material layer 4Temperature is warming up to 490 DEG C, treats weld assembly and continues to welding ultrasonication, the ultrasonication time is 20 seconds；
Selecting Pb as the reason of intermediate reaction material layer 4 is: the melting temperature of magnesium alloy is 650 DEG C, and Pb and Mg's is total toBrilliant temperature is 466.2 DEG C, and the eutectic temperature of Pb and base material 3 to be welded are lower, and the eutectic temperature of Pb and Mg are lower than magnesium alloy fusing point183.8 DEG C, eligible one；The atomic radius of Pb is 175pm, and the atomic radius of Mg is the Atomic radiuses difference of 160pm, Pb and MgAtomic radius for 15pm, Pb and Mg is closer to, and eligible three；Between Pb and the essential element Mg of base material to be welded 3Solid solubility reaches 19.1%, eligible two；Therefore pure Pb foil is selected to meet in present invention selection as intermediate reaction material layer 4Between the reaction wood bed of material 4 condition.
According to Mg-Pb phasor, as shown in figure 42, there are two eutectic reactions for Mg-Pb system: one be L → Pb (Mg)+Mg2Pb (248.7 DEG C), the other is L → Mg (Pb)+Mg2Pb (466.2 DEG C).It can more than lower eutectic temperature (248.7 DEG C)It, can be with maximum journey after sufficiently spreading more than higher eutectic temperature (466.2 DEG C) to promote the liquid phase of eutectic composition to generateMg2Pb compound is avoided mutually to be formed on degree, to obtain full Mg based solid solution connector.First by the anti-of intermediate reaction material layer 4Answer temperature to control to 280 DEG C, treat weld assembly apply welding 3 seconds formation eutectic composition liquid phases of ultrasonication, then again will inBetween the reaction temperature of the reaction wood bed of material 4 be increased to 490 DEG C, treat weld assembly and apply and weld ultrasonic different time and squeeze out a large amount of liquidMg (Pb) solid solution mutually and by element counterdiffusion is formed, isothermal solidification is finally completed and realizes welding.
| The twice ultrasonic time (S) | 3 | 10 | 20 |
| Shearing strength of joint (MPa) | 67.5 | 88.2 | 100.5 |
3 welding procedure of table is that the reaction temperature of first intermediate reaction material layer is heated to 280 DEG C, treats weld assembly and applies welderingAfter connecing the oxidation film that Mg alloy surface is abolished in ultrasonication for 3 seconds, the reaction temperature for continuing intermediate reaction material layer is warming up to 490 DEG CThe relationship of ultrasonic different time, shearing strength of joint and ultrasonic time
The reaction temperature of Mg alloy/Pb/Mg alloy connected components to be welded intermediate reaction material layer 4 is controlled in intermediate reactionThe reaction temperature of material layer is controlled at 280 DEG C, is treated weld assembly and is first applied welding ultrasonication 3 seconds, then proceeding to will be intermediateThe reaction temperature of the reaction wood bed of material 4 is increased to 490 DEG C, and after treating the ultrasonic different time of weld assembly application welding, formation is connectHead tissue topography is as shown in Figure 43-46.After treating the weld assembly application welding ultrasonic short period, as shown in figure 43, due to liquidPhase layer has little time to squeeze out or consumed by elements diffusion completely, and eutectic reaction L → Mg (Pb)+Mg2Pb occurs for the cooled and solidified stageAnd it is formed using Mg (Pb)+Mg2Pb eutectic as the connector of Main Tissues.Meanwhile Pb elements diffusion is dissolved into magnesium alloy table in liquid phaseLayer and generate certain thickness Mg (Pb) solid solution layer.With the extension for treating weld assembly application welding ultrasonic time, such as schemeShown in 44, after a large amount of liquid phases are extruded, eutectic reaction occurs during liquid phase layer cooled and solidified and formed Mg (Pb) solid solution andMg2Pb compound, but since liquid phase width is substantially reduced, the continuously distributed interposition in Mg (Pb) solid solution of Mg2Pb particleIt sets.Until as shown in figure 45, most liquid phases are extruded and disappear after treating weld assembly application welding ultrasonication 20 secondsIt loses, but the liquid film on Mg (Pb) crystal boundary is difficult to exclude, so that also being deposited on Mg (Pb) solid solution crystal boundary in the connector after cooled and solidifiedIn minimal amount of Mg2Pb compound particle.
From the point of view of shearing strength of joint variation, as shown in Figure 47-48 and table 3, Mg (Pb) solid solution connector is similarly brokenInside solid solution layer, the tear face with plastic deformation feature is generated in fracture surface, shows that the connector has good modelingProperty.
Embodiment eight
The primary structure, principle and effect of the present embodiment are the same as example 1, and which is not described herein again, differenceIt is, in abolishing oxidation film step, the physical state of base material 3 to be welded is solid-state, the physical state of intermediate reaction material layer 4For solid-state；
In elements diffusion step, the physical state of base material 3 to be welded is solid-state, the physics shape of intermediate reaction material layer 4State is solid-state；
In full solid solution connector forming step, the physical state of base material 3 to be welded is solid-state, intermediate reaction material layer 4Disappearance is converted into full solid solution connector, and the physical state of full solid solution connector is solid-state；
In completing weld assembly step, the physical state of base material 3 to be welded is solid-state, the physics shape of full solid solution connectorState is solid-state.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present inventionThought, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range, and the content of the present specification should not be construed as to the present inventionLimitation.