CN109300564B - Device and method for simulating steam blocking and corrosion of filter - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus and method for simulating steam plugging and corrosion of a filter, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a steam generation control module, a flow rate and condensation module, a data acquisition and processing module and a filter testing module; the steam generation control module comprises a steam generator and a power regulator; the flow rate and condensation module comprises a heating hose, a constant flow pump and a condensation pipe which are connected in sequence, and the constant flow pump and the condensation pipe are connected through a pressure-resistant glass pipe; the first end of the flow rate and condensation module is connected with the steam generation control module through a heating hose, the second end of the flow rate and condensation module is connected with the first end of the data acquisition and processing module through a condensation pipe, and the second end of the data acquisition and processing module is connected with the filter testing module through a pressure-resistant glass pipe. The device and the method provided by the invention can simulate the process of blocking and corroding the filter by steam, are applied to experimental research, can obtain relevant basic parameters, and are used for developing filter core materials of high-efficiency filters and making preventive measures for post-processing fire accidents.

Description

Device and method for simulating steam blocking and corrosion of filter

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear, and particularly relates to a device and a method for simulating steam blockage and corrosion of a filter.

Background

The spent fuel post-treatment plant is a treatment plant which realizes the recycling of nuclear fuel and is beneficial to the proper disposal of nuclear waste, and is an important link for realizing the closed circulation of the nuclear fuel. The Purex process (Purex) is a chemical process for recovering uranium and plutonium from irradiated nuclear fuel by tributyl phosphate extraction, and is the most effective and successful post-treatment process nowadays.

The pulse post is also known as the extraction column in the aftertreatment factory, can isolate uranium and plutonium in the spent fuel solution through the mode of extraction, is the link of extremely being important in the aftertreatment Purex flow. The solution in the pulse column consists of a kerosene-tributyl phosphate mixed solvent and a nitric acid/nitrate solution. If the pulse column is broken, the internal solution is totally leaked, and the fire can be ignited when meeting a fire source or reaching a certain temperature. Which can directly or indirectly affect the ignition of safety-related buildings, systems and components.

Due to the narrow space, the ambient temperature rises rapidly in the event of a fire. Under high temperature, part of kerosene and tributyl phosphate in the leaked solution are evaporated, the kerosene and tributyl phosphate are pyrolyzed to generate volatile steam, nitric acid is decomposed at high temperature to generate nitrogen oxide, the steam and gas and water vapor form acidic mixed steam, and the acidic mixed steam is gradually cooled and condensed to form small droplets in the flowing process of the flue. When the smoke passes through the smoke filter, the smoke can be adhered to the filter to block the filter, so that the smoke cannot be discharged in time to cause the over-pressure of a flue, the filter is deformed or even damaged, and the aerosol containing radioactivity can be released into the environment. In addition, these droplets, which adhere to the filter, are acidic and strongly oxidizing, and can corrode the filter, leading to filter failure and eventual release of the radioactive aerosol into the environment.

Therefore, it is necessary to invent a device and a method for simulating steam blockage and corrosion of a filter, which are experimentally researched, related basic parameters are obtained, and are used for developing a filter element material of a high-efficiency filter and making a precautionary measure for post-treatment of a fire accident.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for simulating a steam blockage and corrosion filter, which can simulate the process of the steam blockage and corrosion filter, can be applied to experimental research, can obtain relevant basic parameters, and can be used for developing filter core materials of a high-efficiency filter and making preventive measures for post-treatment of fire accidents.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a device for simulating steam blockage and corrosion of a filter comprises a steam generation control module, a flow rate and condensation module, a data acquisition and processing module and a filter testing module;

the steam generation control module comprises a steam generator and a power regulator;

the flow rate and condensation module comprises a heating hose, a constant flow pump and a condensation pipe which are connected in sequence, and the constant flow pump and the condensation pipe are connected through a pressure-resistant glass pipe;

the first end of the flow rate and condensation module is connected with the steam generation control module through a heating hose, the second end of the flow rate and condensation module is connected with the first end of the data acquisition and processing module through a condensation pipe, and the second end of the data acquisition and processing module is connected with the filter testing module through a pressure-resistant glass pipe.

Furthermore, the device also comprises an air filter, wherein the first end of the air filter is an air inlet, and the second end of the air filter is connected with the steam generator through a pressure-resistant glass tube.

Further, the device still includes the tail gas treatment module, the first end of tail gas treatment module passes through glass union coupling filter test module, and the second end is the gas outlet.

Further, the data acquisition and processing module comprises a tester and a data acquisition unit for temperature, pressure and flow rate.

Furthermore, a filter element in the filter test module is replaceable, and the filter element is glass fiber, activated carbon, polyester fiber or a metal wire mesh.

The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method of simulating steam plugging and corrosion of a filter, the method comprising the steps of:

(1) Installing a preset filter element in the filter test module;

(2) Adding a preset solution with a preset volume into a steam generation control module until the solution is stably evaporated;

(3) Starting the constant flow pump, adjusting the constant flow pump to a preset flow rate, and connecting steam of the steam generator to the constant flow pump by adopting a heating hose;

(4) The data acquisition unit automatically records test data, and the filter element of the filter is taken down after the experiment is finished for further analysis and treatment.

Further, the preset solution is at least one of water, a nitric acid solution, kerosene, a tributyl phosphate solution, a butanol solution or an ethyl acetate solution.

Furthermore, the filter element is any one of glass fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyester fiber, foamed plastic, activated carbon and metal wire mesh.

Further, the further analysis and treatment of the filter element in the step (4) specifically comprises:

testing the weight change of the filter element before and after the experiment by using an electronic balance, and analyzing the absorption capacity of the filter on steam;

and observing structural changes before and after the filter experiment by adopting modes such as an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope and the like, and analyzing the corrosion condition of the steam to the filter.

Further, the physical parameters available after the experiment were completed include gas temperature in the channel, gas pressure, gas flow rate, and weight gain of the filter.

The device and the method have the advantages that the device and the method can simulate the influence of steam on the filter under different steam components, different steam concentrations and different ventilation rates, can also simulate the filtering effect of steam of different filter element materials and the condition that the steam of different filter element thicknesses blocks the filter, are applied to experimental research, can obtain relevant basic parameters, and are used for developing filter element materials of high-efficiency filters and making preventive measures for post-treatment of fire accidents.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a technical roadmap of an embodiment of the method of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-a tail gas treatment device; 2-a filter capable of loading different experimental filter elements; 3-test instruments of temperature, pressure and flow rate; 4-a data collector; 5-a condenser pipe; 6-pressure-resistant glass tube; 7-a constant flow pump; 8-heating the hose; 9-a steam generator; 10-a power regulator; 11-air filter.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. The device comprises: the device comprises a steam generation control module, a flow rate and condensation module, a data acquisition and processing module and a filter testing module.

The steam generation control module comprises asteam generator 9 and apower regulator 10. Thesteam generator 9 may store various experimental solutions such as water, nitric acid solution, kerosene, tributyl phosphate, butanol, ethyl acetate, etc. Thepower regulator 10 can heat and evaporate the solution in thesteam generator 9, and the yield of the steam can be regulated by regulating the power.

The flow velocity and condensation module comprises aheating hose 8, aconstant flow pump 7 and acondensation pipe 5 which are connected in sequence, and theconstant flow pump 7 and thecondensation pipe 5 are connected through a pressure-resistant glass pipe 6. When theconstant flow pump 7 is started, the constant flow pump is used for extracting steam generated in thesteam generator 9, and meanwhile, the air flow rate in the pressure-resistant glass tube 6 can be controlled by adjusting the power of theconstant flow pump 7. The steam which is easy to condense is conveyed by aheating hose 8, so that the steam is prevented from directly condensing in the pipeline. And the steam which is not easy to condense is cooled by adopting a condensingpipe 5.

The first end of the flow rate and condensation module is connected with the steam generation control module through aheating hose 8, the second end of the flow rate and condensation module is connected with the first end of the data acquisition and processing module through acondensation pipe 5, and the second end of the data acquisition and processing module is connected with the filter testing module through a pressure-resistant glass pipe 6.

The device also comprises anair filter 11, wherein the first end of theair filter 11 is an air inlet, and the second end of theair filter 11 is connected with thesteam generator 9 through a pressure-resistant glass tube 6. Theair filter 11 may be arranged to avoid interference from outside air and to prevent escape of steam from thesteam generator 9.

The device still includes tailgas treatment module 1, 1 first end of tail gas treatment module passes through the glass union coupling filter test module, and the second end is the gas outlet. The waste gas passing through the filter 2 is treated by the tailgas treatment module 1 and then discharged into air after reaching the air discharge standard. The data acquisition and processing module comprises a temperature, pressure and flowrate test instrument 3 and adata acquisition unit 4. The front end of the filter testing module is provided with atesting instrument 3 comprising a thermometer, a flow meter and a pressure meter. The steam flows through the position, and the temperature and the flow rate of the steam and the pressure in the pipeline can be monitored in real time through thedata acquisition device 4. The clogging of the filter 2 is analyzed by analyzing the change of the line pressure.

The filter test module is a filter 2 which can be loaded with different experimental filter elements. The filter testing module is characterized in that the filter element in the filter testing module is replaceable, and the filter element is made of glass fiber, activated carbon, polyester fiber or metal wire mesh. Before and after the experiment, the weight change was measured by an electronic balance, and the absorption capacity of the filter 2 for vapor was analyzed. Before and after the experiment, the structural change of the filter 2 can be observed by adopting optical microscopes, scanning electron microscopes and other modes, so that the corrosion condition of the steam to the filter is analyzed.

The device experiment flow is that, when the experiment began,steam generator 9 produced a large amount of steam, and under the drive ofconstant flow pump 7, the air mixed with steam throughair cleaner 11, then got into pipeline, took place the cooling throughcondenser pipe 5 again, and the droplet that finally forms covers on filter 2 surface to block up and corrode filter 2, and the gas that filters out is discharged through tailgas processing apparatus 1 at last.

Different from the prior art, the device for simulating the steam blockage and corrosion of the filter is compact in design, can simulate the process of the steam blockage and corrosion of the filter, is applied to experimental research, can obtain relevant basic parameters, and is used for developing filter core materials of high-efficiency filters and making preventive measures for post-treatment of fire accidents.

The method provided by the invention aims at experiments of different filter element materials, the experimental variables comprise steam components, steam concentration and constant flow pump flow rate, and the test parameters comprise airflow pressure, airflow speed, airflow temperature, mass change of the filter and structure change of the filter.

Referring to fig. 2-3, fig. 2 is a technical route chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention. The method comprises the following steps:

step 101: and installing a preset filter element in the filter testing module.

The filter test module is a filter 2 which can be loaded with different experimental filter elements. The filter testing module is characterized in that a filter element in the filter testing module is replaceable, and the filter element is any one of glass fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyester fiber, foamed plastic, activated carbon and a metal wire mesh.

Before the experiment is started, cooling water is connected into the condensation pipe, related instruments and equipment are checked, and whether the operation is normal or not is checked.

Step 102: and adding a preset solution with a preset volume into the steam generation control module until the solution is stably evaporated.

Specifically, a preset solution with a preset volume is added into a steam generator of the steam generation control module. The predetermined solution may be at least one of water, nitric acid solution, kerosene, tributyl phosphate solution, butanol solution, or ethyl acetate solution.

For example, in one particular embodiment, the predetermined solution may be a nitric acid solution. In other embodiments, the predetermined solution may also be a mixture of nitric acid solution and kerosene.

Step 103: and starting the constant flow pump, adjusting the constant flow pump to a preset flow rate, and connecting the steam of the steam generator into the constant flow pump by adopting a heating hose.

In order to simulate the influence of steam with different ventilation rates on a filter, the steam which can be stably evaporated in a steam generator is connected into a constant flow pump by a heating hose, and then the constant flow pump is regulated to a preset flow rate.

Step 104: the data acquisition unit automatically records test data, and the filter element of the filter is taken down after the experiment is finished for further analysis and treatment.

The further analysis of the filter element of the filter is as follows: the weight change of the filter element before and after the experiment is tested by an electronic balance, and the absorption capacity of the filter on steam is analyzed. And observing structural changes before and after the filter experiment by adopting modes such as an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope and the like, and analyzing the corrosion condition of the steam to the filter.

After the experiment is finished, the equipment is cleaned, and the data is arranged and analyzed and summarized into an experiment report. The physical parameters available after the experiment were completed included gas temperature in the channel, gas pressure, gas flow rate and weight gain of the filter.

Aiming at experiments of different filter element materials, the experimental variables can be adjusted, and different experimental purposes can be realized. The method provided by the invention can be used for specifically analyzing the following contents: (1) The situation of different steam components clogging the filter during ventilation; (2) The effect of steam on the filter at different steam concentrations; (3) the effect of different aeration rates on the filter; (4) The filtering efficiency of the filter with different filter element materials to the steam; (5) Different filter element thicknesses, the situation of steam blocking the filter; (6) Corrosion of different steam components to different filter element materials.

Different from the prior art, the method for simulating the steam blockage and the corrosion of the filter can simulate the influence of steam on the filter under different steam components, different steam concentrations and different ventilation rates, can also simulate the filtering effect of steam of different filter element materials and the condition that the steam of different filter element thicknesses blocks the filter, is applied to experimental research, can obtain relevant basic parameters, and is used for developing filter element materials of high-efficiency filters and making preventive measures for post-treatment of fire accidents.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the apparatus and method of the present invention is not limited to the examples described in the specific embodiments, and that the specific details are set forth in order to illustrate the invention and not to limit it. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method of simulating steam plugging and corrosion of a filter, comprising a device for simulating steam plugging and corrosion of a filter, the device comprising: the device comprises a steam generation control module, a flow rate and condensation module, a data acquisition and processing module and a filter testing module;

the steam generation control module comprises a steam generator and a power regulator;

the flow rate and condensation module comprises a heating hose, a constant flow pump and a condensation pipe which are connected in sequence, and the constant flow pump and the condensation pipe are connected through a pressure-resistant glass pipe;

the first end of the flow rate and condensation module is connected with the steam generation control module through a heating hose, the second end of the flow rate and condensation module is connected with the first end of the data acquisition and processing module through a condensation pipe, and the second end of the data acquisition and processing module is connected with the filter testing module through a pressure-resistant glass pipe;

the device is applied to a pulse column, a crack occurs, internal solution is totally leaked, the device is ignited when meeting a fire source or reaching a certain temperature, part of kerosene and tributyl phosphate in the leaked solution are evaporated at high temperature, the kerosene and the tributyl phosphate are pyrolyzed to generate volatile steam, nitric acid is decomposed to generate nitrogen oxide at high temperature, the steam, gas and water vapor form acidic mixed steam, the mixed steam is gradually cooled and condensed to form small droplets in the flowing process of a flue, and the small droplets are adhered to a filter when passing through a flue gas filter, so that the filter is blocked, flue gas cannot be timely discharged to cause flue gas overpressure, the filter is deformed or even damaged, and aerosol containing radioactivity is released to the environment;

the method comprises the following steps:

(1) Installing a preset filter element in the filter test module;

(2) Adding a preset solution with a preset volume into a steam generation control module until the solution is stably evaporated;

(3) Starting the constant flow pump, adjusting the constant flow pump to a preset flow rate, and connecting steam of the steam generator to the constant flow pump by adopting a heating hose;

(4) The data acquisition unit automatically records test data, and the filter element of the filter is taken down after the experiment is finished for further analysis and treatment.

2. The method of simulating steam plugging and corrosion of a filter of claim 1,

the device also comprises an air filter, wherein the first end of the air filter is an air inlet, and the second end of the air filter is connected with the steam generator through a pressure-resistant glass tube.

3. The method of simulating steam plugging and corrosion of a filter of claim 1,

the device also comprises a tail gas treatment module, wherein the first end of the tail gas treatment module is connected with the filter testing module through a glass tube, and the second end of the tail gas treatment module is a gas outlet.

4. The method of simulating steam plugging and corrosion of a filter of claim 1,

the data acquisition and processing module comprises a temperature, pressure and flow rate tester and a data acquisition unit.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the filter cartridge of the filter test module is replaceable, and the filter cartridge is made of glass fiber, activated carbon, polyester fiber or wire mesh.

6. The method of simulating steam plugging and corrosion of a filter of claim 1 wherein the predetermined solution is at least one of water, nitric acid solution, kerosene, tributyl phosphate solution, butanol solution or ethyl acetate solution.

7. The method of simulating steam blockage and corrosion of a filter according to claim 1, wherein the filter element is any one of glass fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyester fiber, foam plastic, activated carbon and wire mesh.

8. The method for simulating steam blockage and filter corrosion according to claim 1, wherein the filter element further analysis process in the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:

testing the weight change of the filter element before and after the experiment by using an electronic balance, and analyzing the absorption capacity of the filter on steam;

and observing structural changes before and after the filter experiment by adopting an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and analyzing the corrosion condition of the steam to the filter.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical parameters available after completion of the experiment include gas temperature in the channel, gas pressure, gas flow rate, and filter weight gain.

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