技术领域technical field
本发明属于电力系统经济调度技术领域，尤其涉及一种考虑风电、核电、抽水蓄能协调的多源优化调度方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of economic dispatch of power systems, and in particular relates to a multi-source optimal dispatch method considering the coordination of wind power, nuclear power and pumped storage energy.
背景技术Background technique
随着沿海地区负荷峰谷差的持续增大，及陆上风电、海上风电和核电项目的建设发展，将严重加剧沿海地区电网的调峰压力。特别是由于风电可能呈现的反调峰特性，会迫使常规机组频繁启停，不符合电网经济调度原则，且导致严重弃风。对沿海地区含风电和核电电力系统，研究考虑核电参与调峰，并与风电、气电、煤电和抽蓄机组协调调度，对电网运行经济和促进风电消纳具有重要意义。As the load peak-to-valley difference in coastal areas continues to increase, as well as the construction and development of onshore wind power, offshore wind power and nuclear power projects, the pressure on the power grid in coastal areas will be seriously intensified. In particular, due to the possible anti-peak shaving characteristics of wind power, conventional units will be forced to start and stop frequently, which is not in line with the principle of economic dispatch of the power grid, and leads to serious wind curtailment. For the power system including wind power and nuclear power in coastal areas, it is of great significance to consider the participation of nuclear power in peak shaving and coordinate dispatch with wind power, gas power, coal power and pumped storage units, which is of great significance to the economic operation of the power grid and the promotion of wind power consumption.
针对沿海地区含风电和核电电力系统的经济调度，涉及调度模型建立及求解方法。其中，调度模型建立的关键在于核电调度模型，需计及其附加调峰成本，并考虑与风电协调调度；在求解方法上，由于调度模型为非线性混合0-1整数规划问题，还需线性化模型目标函数及运行约束条件。针对调度模型，有研究将核电调峰引起的附加燃料成本和安全成本综合为调峰成本，以此建立火电-核电-抽水蓄能联合运行优化调度模型，但未考虑与风电的协调调度；针对求解方法，主要在于核电运行约束的线性化，有研究对核电采用固定档调峰深度，并基于此线性化描述核电出力，实现调度模型的求解，但核电固定档调峰深度不能精确优化核电出力，对运行经济性具有一定影响。Aiming at the economic dispatch of the power system including wind power and nuclear power in coastal areas, it involves the establishment of dispatch model and the solution method. Among them, the key to establishing the dispatching model is the nuclear power dispatching model, which needs to take into account its additional peak-shaving cost, and consider coordinated dispatching with wind power; in terms of the solution method, since the dispatching model is a nonlinear mixed 0-1 integer programming problem, a linear The objective function of the model and the operating constraints. For the dispatch model, some studies have integrated the additional fuel cost and safety cost caused by nuclear power peaking into the peaking cost, and established an optimal dispatching model for the joint operation of thermal power-nuclear power-pumped storage, but did not consider the coordinated dispatching with wind power; The solution method mainly lies in the linearization of the operating constraints of nuclear power. Some studies use a fixed peak shaving depth for nuclear power, and describe the nuclear power output based on this linearization to solve the scheduling model. However, the fixed peak shaving depth of nuclear power cannot accurately optimize nuclear power output. , has a certain impact on the operating economy.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是提供一种以经济调度为原则，计及弃风成本和核电调峰成本，建立含多种电源的风核协调调度优化模型，并提出细分核电调峰深度的方法来线性化核电调峰约束的调试方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wind-core coordination scheduling optimization model with multiple power sources based on the principle of economic scheduling, taking into account the cost of wind abandonment and the cost of nuclear power peak shaving, and to propose a method for subdividing the depth of nuclear power peak shaving to linearly Debugging method for peak shaving constraints of nuclear power plants.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种考虑风电、核电、抽水蓄能协调的多源优化调度方法，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a multi-source optimal dispatch method considering the coordination of wind power, nuclear power and pumped storage energy, comprising the following steps:
步骤1、计及弃风成本和核电调峰成本，构建含多种电源的风核协调调度优化模型；Step 1. Taking into account the cost of wind curtailment and the cost of nuclear power peak regulation, build a wind-core coordination scheduling optimization model with multiple power sources;
步骤2、采用细分核电调峰深度的方法线性化核电调峰约束，基于Cplex求解调度模型，并制定调度计划。Step 2: Linearize the nuclear power peak shaving constraints by subdividing the nuclear power peak shaving depth, solve the scheduling model based on Cplex, and formulate a scheduling plan.
在上述的考虑风电、核电、抽水蓄能协调的多源优化调度方法中，步骤1的实现包括以下子步骤：In the above-mentioned multi-source optimal scheduling method considering the coordination of wind power, nuclear power and pumped storage, the implementation of step 1 includes the following sub-steps:
步骤1.1、核电机组参与日调峰处理；针对多台调峰核电机组考虑其周、年和运行期内日调峰次数限制，调峰机组实际运行中实行轮流日调峰；为保证更长周期的日调峰次数约束，及分属不同利益体核电机组间的调峰弃电率均衡，将所有调峰核电机组等效为一台调峰核电机组并以此优化日前调度出力；计及核电调峰成本，等效核电机组运行成本可表示为：Step 1.1. Nuclear power units participate in daily peak shaving processing; for multiple peak-shaving nuclear power units Taking into account the daily peak shaving frequency limit during the week, year and operation period, the peak shaving unit implements alternate daily peak shaving during the actual operation; in order to ensure the restriction of the number of daily peak shaving times in a longer period, and the adjustment between nuclear power units belonging to different stakeholders. Balance the peak and abandonment rate, and make all peak-shaving nuclear power units equivalent to one peak-shaving nuclear power unit And use this to optimize the dispatching output; taking into account the peak-shaving cost of nuclear power, the operating cost of the equivalent nuclear power unit can be expressed as:
式中：分别为等效核电机组的运行成本常数项和核燃料成本系数；分别为核电调度出力和额定出力；pN为核电调峰成本系数；where: equivalent nuclear power units The operating cost constant term and nuclear fuel cost factor of ; are the dispatched output and rated output of nuclear power, respectively; pN is the cost coefficient of nuclear power peak regulation;
等效核电机组为多台核电机组聚合；与的核燃料成本系数相同，的运行成本常数项和额定出力则为的累加：Equivalent nuclear power unit for multiple nuclear power plants polymerization; and The nuclear fuel cost factor is the same, The running cost constant term and rated output of The accumulation of :
式中：nN为核电机组数量；分别为第i台核电机组的运行成本常数项和额定出力；In the formula: nN is the number of nuclear power units; are the operating cost constant term and rated output of the i-th nuclear power plant, respectively;
步骤1.2、以经济调度为原则，计及弃风成本和核电调峰成本，建立煤电、气电、核电、风电、抽水蓄能多源协调调度模型；Step 1.2. Based on the principle of economic dispatch, taking into account the cost of wind abandonment and the cost of nuclear power peak regulation, establish a multi-source coordinated dispatch model for coal power, gas power, nuclear power, wind power, and pumped storage;
多源协调调度模型目标函数为：The objective function of the multi-source coordination scheduling model is:
C＝CT+CCC+CW+CN+CPSC=CT +CCC +CW +CN +CPS
式中：CT、CCC、CN、CPS分别为火电机组、燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组、核电机组和抽水蓄能机组运行成本，CW为风电弃风成本，计算方式如下：where CT , CCC ,CN , and CPS are the operating costs of thermal power units, gas-steam combined cycle units, nuclear power units and pumped storage units, respectively, and CW is the wind power curtailment cost, calculated as follows:
CW＝pW,onΔEW,on+pW,offΔEW,offCW =pW,on ΔEW,on +pW,off ΔEW,off
式中：pW,on、pW,off分别为陆上风电和海上风电弃风成本系数；ΔEW,on、ΔEW,off分别为调度周期内陆上风电和海上风电弃电量；where pW,on , pW,off are the wind curtailment cost coefficients of onshore wind power and offshore wind power, respectively; ΔEW,on , ΔEW,off are the curtailed power of onshore wind power and offshore wind power within the dispatch period, respectively;
弃风电量可由下式计算：Abandoned wind power can be calculated by the following formula:
式中：nW,on为陆上风电场数量，分别为第i个陆上风电场预测出力和调度出力；nW,off为海上风电场数量，分别为第i个海上风电场预测出力和调度出力。where nW,on is the number of onshore wind farms, are the predicted output and dispatched output of the i-th onshore wind farm, respectively; nW,off is the number of offshore wind farms, are the predicted output and dispatched output of the i-th offshore wind farm, respectively.
在上述的考虑风电、核电、抽水蓄能协调的多源优化调度方法中，步骤2的实现包括以下子步骤：In the above-mentioned multi-source optimal scheduling method considering the coordination of wind power, nuclear power and pumped storage, the implementation of step 2 includes the following sub-steps:
步骤2.1、采用细分核电调峰深度的方法线性化核电调峰约束；假设将核电安全调峰深度范围均分为nd档，则第m档调峰深度为：Step 2.1. Linearize the nuclear power peak shaving constraints by using the method of subdividing the nuclear power peak shaving depth; assuming that the nuclear power safety peak shaving depth range is equally divided into nd levels, the m-th peak shaving depth is:
式中：为等效核电机组所允许的最小出力；where: The minimum output allowed for the equivalent nuclear power unit;
低功率阶段的核电功率为：The nuclear power in the low power phase is:
一般情况下，核电机组升/降功率时间为1～3h，因而每档调峰深度下均有3个升/降功率状态：qm,1、qm,2、qm,3，其对应的核电功率为：Under normal circumstances, the power up/down time of a nuclear power unit is 1 to 3 hours, so there are three power up/down states at each peak shaving depth: qm,1 , qm,2 , qm,3 , which correspond to The nuclear power is:
式中：j为升/降功率的状态标号；In the formula: j is the state label of the up/down power;
则核电功率线性表示为：Then the nuclear power is linearly expressed as:
式中：ht为核电机组t时刻额定功率运行标志；lm,t为核电机组在第m档调峰深度、t时刻的低功率运行标志；qm,j,t为核电机组在第m档调峰深度、第j个状态、t时刻的升降功率运行标志；In the formula: ht is the rated power operation mark of the nuclear power unit at time t; lm,t is the low-power operation mark of the nuclear power unit at the mth peak shaving depth and time t; qm,j,t is the nuclear power unit at the mth time. The peak shaving depth of the gear, the jth state, and the lifting power operation flag at time t;
步骤2.2基于Cplex求解调度模型，并制定调度计划；Step 2.2 Solve the scheduling model based on Cplex and formulate a scheduling plan;
基于商业优化求解器Cplex高效求解考虑核电调峰的煤电、气电、核电、风电、抽水蓄能多源协调调度模型；若日前调度优化结果要求核电参与调峰，则在综合考虑近段时间内各核电机组参与日调峰情况基础上，由调度运行人员指定隔日实行调峰的核电机组，并依据等效核电机组日前出力优化结果，确定所指定调峰核电机组的日前调度计划；若日前调度优化结果无需核电参与调峰，则不指定核电机组参与调峰；针对非核电机组，无论核电是否调峰，其出力安排均取日前调度优化结果。Based on the commercial optimization solver Cplex, it can efficiently solve the multi-source coordinated dispatch model of coal power, gas power, nuclear power, wind power, and pumped storage considering nuclear power peak shaving. On the basis of the participation of each nuclear power unit in the daily peak shaving situation, the dispatcher shall designate the nuclear power unit to perform peak shaving every other day, and according to the equivalent nuclear power unit The day-ahead output optimization result determines the day-ahead scheduling plan of the designated peak-shaving nuclear power unit; if the day-ahead scheduling optimization result does not require nuclear power to participate in peak-shaving, the nuclear power unit will not be designated to participate in peak-shaving; for non-nuclear power units, regardless of whether nuclear power is peak-shaving, its output The scheduling is based on the scheduling optimization results of the previous day.
在上述的考虑风电、核电、抽水蓄能协调的多源优化调度方法中，步骤1.1所述核电调峰成本系数考虑调峰引起的附加燃料成本和安全成本，可表示为：In the above-mentioned multi-source optimal scheduling method considering the coordination of wind power, nuclear power and pumped storage energy, the nuclear power peak shaving cost factor in step 1.1 considers the additional fuel cost and safety cost caused by peak shaving, and can be expressed as:
pN＝pN,f+σpN,spN =pN,f +σpN,s
式中：pN,f为调峰燃料成本系数；pN,s为调峰安全成本系数；σ为核电安全价值系数，用于平衡核电调峰安全性和经济性。In the formula: pN,f is the fuel cost coefficient of peak shaving; pN,s is the peak shaving safety cost coefficient; σ is the nuclear power safety value coefficient, which is used to balance the safety and economy of nuclear power peak shaving.
在上述的考虑风电、核电、抽水蓄能协调的多源优化调度方法中，步骤1.2所述火电机组，燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行成本计算方式如下：In the above-mentioned multi-source optimal scheduling method considering the coordination of wind power, nuclear power and pumped storage, the calculation method of the operating cost of the thermal power unit and the gas-steam combined cycle unit described in step 1.2 is as follows:
1)火电机组运行成本包含燃煤成本和启停成本，表示为：1) The operating cost of thermal power units includes the cost of burning coal and the cost of starting and stopping, which is expressed as:
式中：nT为火电机组数量；为0-1变量，表征火电机组i在t时段运行状态，1表示运行，0表示停机；为燃煤费用系数；为火电机组i在t时段出力；为机组启停成本；In the formula: nT is the number of thermal power units; It is a variable of 0-1, which represents the running state of thermal power unit i in the period t, 1 means running, 0 means stop; is the coal cost coefficient; Output power for thermal power unit i in time period t; It is the start and stop cost of the unit;
火电机组启停成本：Start and stop costs of thermal power units:
式中：为0-1变量，当火电机组i在t时段由停机状态转变为运行状态时，取1，否则取0；为0-1变量，当机组i在t时段由运行状态转变为停机状态时，取1，否则取0；分别为火电机组i启动、停机一次的费用；where: is a 0-1 variable, when thermal power unit i changes from a shutdown state to a running state in the t period, Take 1, otherwise take 0; It is a 0-1 variable. When the unit i changes from the running state to the shutdown state in the t period, it takes 1, otherwise it takes 0; are the cost of starting and stopping the thermal power unit i once;
2)燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行成本包含燃气成本和模式转换成本，表示为：2) The operating cost of gas-steam combined cycle unit includes gas cost and mode conversion cost, expressed as:
式中：nCC为联合循环机组数量；MCC为联合循环机组全部模式集合，为y模式下可转变的模式集合；为0-1变量，表征机组i在t时段y模式运行状态，1表示运行，0表示停机；为y模式下燃气费用系数；为机组i在模式y下的最小技术出力，为机组i在t时段y模式下高于的出力；为机组由模式y转换为模式z的转换成本；为0-1变量，表征机组i在t时段由y模式转换为z模式，1表示转变，0表示不转变；where nCC is the number of combined cycle units; MCC is the set of all modes of combined cycle units, It is a set of modes that can be changed in the y mode; It is a variable of 0-1, which represents the operation state of unit i in mode y in period t, 1 means running, 0 means stop; is the gas cost coefficient in y mode; is the minimum technical output of unit i in mode y, is higher than output; The conversion cost for the unit to convert from mode y to mode z; is a variable of 0-1, indicating that unit i is converted from y mode to z mode in t period, 1 means transition, 0 means no transition;
3)多源协调调度模型约束条件为：3) The constraints of the multi-source coordination scheduling model are:
(1)系统约束；(1) System constraints;
功率平衡约束：Power Balance Constraints:
式中：为抽蓄机组i在t时段出力，为联合循环机组i在t时段出力，PtL为系统t时刻负荷；where: is the output of pumped-storage unit i at time t, is the output of the combined cycle unit i at time t, and PtL is the load of the system at time t;
其中，in,
备用容量约束：Spare Capacity Constraints:
式中：第1项为系统正旋转备用约束，第2项为负旋转备用约束；Ru,t、Rd,t分别为系统在t时段的正、负旋转备用容量；Lu％、Wu,on％、Wu,off％分别为负荷、陆上风电和海上风电所需的正旋转备用系数；Ld％、Wd,on％、Wd,off％分别为负荷、陆上风电和海上风电所需的负旋转备用系数；分别为火电机组i最大、最小技术出力；分别为火电机组i上升和下降爬坡速率；T10为旋转备用响应时间，此处取10min；分别为联合循环机组i在y模式下的最大、最小技术出力；分别为联合循环机组i在y模式下的上升和下降爬坡速率；分别为抽蓄机组最大发电功率和固定抽水功率；将弃风功率作为正旋转备用容量；In the formula: the first term is the system's positive spinning reserve constraint, and the second term is the negative spinning reserve constraint; Ru,t , Rd,t are the positive and negative spinning reserve capacity of the system in the t period respectively;Lu %, Wu,on %, Wuu,off % are the forward rotation reserve coefficients required by load, onshore wind power and offshore wind power, respectively; Ld %, Wd,on %, Wd,off % are load, onshore wind power, respectively and the negative spinning reserve factor required for offshore wind; are the maximum and minimum technical output of thermal power unit i respectively; are respectively the ascending and descending ramp rates of thermal power unit i; T10 is the response time of rotating standby, which is taken as 10min here; are the maximum and minimum technical output of combined cycle unit i in mode y; are the ascending and descending ramp rates of the combined cycle unit i in the y mode, respectively; are the maximum generating power and fixed pumping power of the pumped-storage unit, respectively; the abandoned wind power is taken as the forward rotating reserve capacity;
(2)机组运行约束；(2) Unit operation constraints;
火电机组运行约束：Thermal power unit operating constraints:
式中：依次为火电机组出力约束、爬坡速率约束和最小启停时间约束；分别为机组i最小运行时间和最小停机时间；In the formula: are the output constraints of thermal power units, the ramp rate constraints and the minimum start-stop time constraints; are the minimum running time and minimum shutdown time of unit i, respectively;
风电出力约束：Wind power output constraints:
燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行约束：Operating constraints of gas-steam combined cycle unit:
式中：依次为联合循环机组出力约束、爬坡速率约束和最小启停时间约束；分别为机组模式间转换上、下爬坡速率；分别为机组y模式下最小运行时间和最小停机时间；In the formula: are the output constraint of the combined cycle unit, the ramp rate constraint and the minimum start-stop time constraint; are respectively the up and down ramp rates for the conversion between unit modes; are the minimum running time and the minimum shutdown time of the unit in y mode;
抽水蓄能机组运行约束：Operating constraints of pumped storage units:
式中：依次为抽蓄机组发电功率约束、上下库容约束和日抽发电量约束；为0-1变量，表征抽蓄机组发电状态，发电时为1，否则为0；为抽蓄机组i的发电调度出力，为其上、下限；Vu,t为上水库t时刻库容，Vu为其上、下限；Vd,t为下水库t时刻库容，Vd为其上、下限；ηi为机组效率；为0-1变量，表征抽蓄机组抽水状态，抽水时为1，否则为0。In the formula: are the power generation constraints of pumped storage units, the upper and lower storage capacity constraints, and the daily pumped power generation constraints; It is a 0-1 variable, which represents the power generation state of the pumped-storage unit. It is 1 when generating electricity, and 0 otherwise; For the power generation dispatch of the pumped storage unit i, are the upper and lower limits; Vu,t is the storage capacity of the upper reservoir at time t, Vu is the upper and lower limits; Vd, t is the storage capacity of the lower reservoir at time t, Vd is the upper and lower limits; ηi is the unit efficiency; It is a 0-1 variable, which represents the pumping state of the pumped storage unit. It is 1 when pumping, and 0 otherwise.
在上述的考虑风电、核电、抽水蓄能协调的多源优化调度方法中，步骤2.1所述运行标志满足约束：In the above-mentioned multi-source optimal scheduling method considering the coordination of wind power, nuclear power, and pumped storage, the operation flags described in step 2.1 satisfy the constraints:
线性化核电机组额定功率、低功率运行时间约束为：The linearized nuclear power unit rated power and low power operating time constraints are:
式中：分别为核电机组满功率最小持续运行时间和低功率最小持续运行时间；where: are the minimum continuous operation time at full power and the minimum continuous operation time at low power, respectively;
升/降功率为2h时运行标志耦合约束：Running flag coupling constraints when the ramp-up/down power is 2h:
升/降功率为3h时运行标志耦合约束：Running flag coupling constraints when the power up/down power is 3h:
本发明的有益效果：本调度方法计及弃风成本和核电调峰成本，将风电和核电纳入协调调度范畴，可极大缓解沿海地区电网调峰压力，减少常规机组的频繁启停，从而提升沿海地区含风电和核电电力系统运行经济性。所提出的通过细分核电调峰深度线性化核电调峰约束方法，可实现核电调峰运行约束的线性化，从而调度模型可基于商业优化求解器Cplex高效求解，得到精确优化的调度方案，从而实现对核电调峰的精确优化，提升了系统运行经济性，并减少了弃风，有助于减少系统运行成本。Beneficial effects of the invention: the dispatching method takes into account the cost of wind abandonment and the cost of nuclear power peak regulation, and incorporates wind power and nuclear power into the scope of coordinated dispatch, which can greatly ease the pressure on power grid peak regulation in coastal areas, reduce the frequent start and stop of conventional units, thereby improving Operational economy of power systems including wind power and nuclear power in coastal areas. The proposed method of linearizing the nuclear power peak shaving constraints by subdividing the nuclear power peak shaving depth can realize the linearization of the nuclear power peak shaving operation constraints, so that the scheduling model can be efficiently solved based on the commercial optimization solver Cplex, and an accurately optimized scheduling scheme can be obtained. The precise optimization of nuclear power peak shaving improves system operation economy, reduces wind curtailment, and helps reduce system operating costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一个实施例多源协调调度方法的总流程图；FIG. 1 is a general flowchart of a multi-source coordinated scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明一个实施例第m档调峰深度下核电功率及状态示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of nuclear power and state at the m-th peak shaving depth according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明一个实施例海上风电场日前短期预测出力图；FIG. 3 is a short-term forecast output diagram of an offshore wind farm in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明一个实施例日负荷曲线；Fig. 4 is the daily load curve of an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明一个实施例常规机组承担出力；Fig. 5 is an embodiment of the present invention, the output of a conventional unit;
图6为本发明一个实施例核电和风电总弃电调峰功率；Fig. 6 is an embodiment of the nuclear power and wind power total curtailment peak shaving power;
图7为本发明一个实施例4种调峰模式下的核电机组出力；FIG. 7 is the output of the nuclear power unit under four peak regulation modes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明一个实施例总运行成本和核电调峰深度变化。FIG. 8 shows the variation of total operating cost and nuclear power peak shaving depth according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细描述。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本实施例以经济调度为原则，计及弃风成本和核电调峰成本，建立了含多种电源的风核协调调度优化模型，并提出细分核电调峰深度的方法来线性化核电调峰约束。本实施例的方法可实现对核电调峰运行的精确优化，所建模型可提升系统运行经济性，并减少弃风。In this embodiment, based on the principle of economic dispatch, taking into account the cost of wind curtailment and the cost of nuclear power peak regulation, a wind-core coordination dispatch optimization model with multiple power sources is established, and a method of subdividing the depth of nuclear power peak regulation is proposed to linearize nuclear power peak regulation constraint. The method of this embodiment can realize the precise optimization of the peak-shaving operation of the nuclear power plant, and the established model can improve the operating economy of the system and reduce wind curtailment.
一、首先，介绍本实施例方法的原理：1. First, the principle of the method in this embodiment is introduced:
本实施例一种考虑风电、核电、抽水蓄能协调的多源优化调度方法，其总流程如图1所示，包括以下步骤：This embodiment is a multi-source optimal scheduling method considering the coordination of wind power, nuclear power, and pumped storage energy. The general process is shown in Figure 1, including the following steps:
第一步：计及弃风成本和核电调峰成本，构建含多种电源的风核协调调度优化模型。详细如下：The first step: Considering the cost of wind curtailment and the cost of nuclear power peak regulation, build a wind-core coordination scheduling optimization model with multiple power sources. Details are as follows:
1.1，核电机组参与日调峰处理。针对多台调峰核电机组由于其周、年和运行期内日调峰次数限制，调峰机组实际运行中实行轮流日调峰。为保证更长周期的日调峰次数约束，及分属不同利益体核电机组间的调峰弃电率均衡，本实施例将所有调峰核电机组等效为一台调峰核电机组并以此优化日前调度出力。1.1. The nuclear power unit participates in the daily peak shaving process. For multiple peak-shaving nuclear power units Due to the limitation of daily peak shaving times during the week, year and operation period, alternate daily peak shaving is implemented in the actual operation of the peak shaving unit. In order to ensure a longer period of daily peak shaving frequency constraints, and to balance the peak shaving and power abandonment rates among nuclear power units belonging to different stakeholders, in this embodiment, all peak shaving nuclear power units are equivalent to one peak shaving nuclear power unit. And use this to optimize the scheduling output.
计及调峰成本，等效核电机组运行成本可表示为：Taking into account the cost of peak shaving, the operating cost of the equivalent nuclear power unit can be expressed as:
式中：分别为等效核电机组的运行成本常数项和核燃料成本系数；分别为核电调度出力和额定出力；pN为核电调峰成本系数。where: equivalent nuclear power units The operating cost constant term and nuclear fuel cost factor of ; are the dispatched output and rated output of nuclear power, respectively; pN is the cost coefficient of nuclear power peak regulation.
等效核电机组由多台核电机组聚合而成。与的核燃料成本系数相同，的运行成本常数项和额定出力则为的累加：Equivalent nuclear power unit by multiple nuclear power plants aggregated. and The nuclear fuel cost factor is the same, The running cost constant term and rated output of The accumulation of :
式中：nN为核电机组数量；分别为第i台核电机组的运行成本常数项和额定出力。In the formula: nN is the number of nuclear power units; are the operating cost constant term and rated output of the i-th nuclear power plant, respectively.
核电调峰成本系数综合了调峰引起的附加燃料成本和安全成本，可表示为：The nuclear power peak shaving cost coefficient combines the additional fuel cost and safety cost caused by peak shaving, and can be expressed as:
pN＝pN,f+σpN,spN =pN,f +σpN,s
式中：pN,f为调峰燃料成本系数；pN,s为调峰安全成本系数；σ为核电安全价值系数，用于平衡核电调峰安全性和经济性。In the formula: pN,f is the fuel cost coefficient of peak shaving; pN,s is the safety cost coefficient of peak shaving; σ is the safety value coefficient of nuclear power, which is used to balance the safety and economy of nuclear power peak shaving.
1.2以经济调度为原则，计及弃风成本和核电调峰成本，建立煤电-气电-核电-风电-抽水蓄能多源协调调度模型。1.2 Based on the principle of economic dispatch, taking into account the cost of wind curtailment and the cost of nuclear power peak regulation, establish a multi-source coordinated dispatch model of coal power-gas power-nuclear power-wind power-pumped storage energy.
多源协调调度模型目标函数如下：The objective function of the multi-source coordination scheduling model is as follows:
C＝CT+CCC+CW+CN+CPSC=CT +CCC +CW +CN +CPS
式中：CT、CCC、CN、CPS分别为火电机组、燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组、核电机组和抽水蓄能机组运行成本，CW为风电弃风成本。where CT , CCC ,CN , and CPS are the operating costs of thermal power units, gas-steam combined cycle units, nuclear power units, and pumped-storage units, respectively, and CW is the wind power curtailment cost.
I.火电机组运行成本。I. Thermal power unit operating costs.
火电机组运行成本包含燃煤成本和启停成本，可表示为：The operating cost of a thermal power unit includes the cost of burning coal and the cost of starting and stopping, which can be expressed as:
式中：nT为火电机组数量；为0-1变量，表征火电机组i在t时段运行状态，1表运行，0表停机；为燃煤费用系数；为火电机组i在t时段出力；为机组启停成本。In the formula: nT is the number of thermal power units; It is a variable of 0-1, which represents the running state of thermal power unit i in the t period, 1 means running, 0 means shutdown; is the coal cost coefficient; Output power for thermal power unit i in time period t; Start and stop costs for the unit.
火电机组启停成本：Start and stop costs of thermal power units:
式中：为0-1变量，当火电机组i在t时段由停机状态转变为运行状态时，取1，否则取0；为0-1变量，当机组i在t时段由运行状态转变为停机状态时，取1，否则取0；分别为火电机组i启动、停机一次的费用。where: is a 0-1 variable, when thermal power unit i changes from a shutdown state to a running state in the t period, Take 1, otherwise take 0; It is a 0-1 variable. When the unit i changes from the running state to the shutdown state in the t period, it takes 1, otherwise it takes 0; They are the cost of starting and stopping the thermal power unit i once.
II.燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行成本。II. Operating Costs of Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Units.
燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行成本包含燃气成本和模式转换成本，可表示为：The operating cost of gas-steam combined cycle unit includes gas cost and mode conversion cost, which can be expressed as:
式中：nCC为联合循环机组数量；MCC为联合循环机组全部模式集合，为y模式下可转变的模式集合；为0-1变量，表征机组i在t时段y模式运行状态，1表运行，0表停机；为y模式下燃气费用系数；为机组i在模式y下的最小技术出力，为机组i在t时段y模式下高于的出力；为机组由模式y转换为模式z的转换成本；为0-1变量，表征机组i在t时段由y模式转换为z模式，1表转变，0表不转变。where nCC is the number of combined cycle units; MCC is the set of all modes of combined cycle units, It is a set of modes that can be changed in the y mode; It is a variable of 0-1, which represents the operation state of unit i in mode y in period t, 1 means running, 0 means shutdown; is the gas cost coefficient in y mode; is the minimum technical output of unit i in mode y, is higher than output; The conversion cost for the unit to convert from mode y to mode z; is a 0-1 variable, which indicates that the unit i is converted from the y mode to the z mode in the t period, 1 means transition, 0 means no transition.
III.风电弃风成本。III. Wind power curtailment cost.
风电弃风成本计算方式如下：The calculation method of wind power curtailment cost is as follows:
CW＝pW,onΔEW,on+pW,offΔEW,offCW =pW,on ΔEW,on +pW,off ΔEW,off
式中：pW,on、pW,off分别为陆上风电和海上风电弃风成本系数；ΔEW,on、ΔEW,off为调度周期内陆上风电和海上风电弃电量。where pW,on , pW,off are the wind curtailment cost coefficients of onshore wind power and offshore wind power, respectively; ΔEW,on , ΔEW,off are the curtailment power of onshore wind power and offshore wind power within the dispatch period.
弃风电量可由下式计算：Abandoned wind power can be calculated by the following formula:
式中：nW,on为陆上风电场数量，分别为第i个陆上风电场预测出力和调度出力；nW,off为海上风电场数量，分别为第i个海上风电场预测出力和调度出力。where nW,on is the number of onshore wind farms, are the predicted output and dispatched output of the i-th onshore wind farm, respectively; nW,off is the number of offshore wind farms, are the predicted output and dispatched output of the i-th offshore wind farm, respectively.
IV.核电运行成本。IV. Nuclear power operating costs.
详见1.1。See 1.1 for details.
多源协调调度模型约束条件如下：The constraints of the multi-source coordination scheduling model are as follows:
i)系统约束。i) System constraints.
a.功率平衡约束：a. Power balance constraints:
式中：为抽蓄机组i在t时段出力，为联合循环机组i在t时段出力，PtL为系统t时刻负荷。where: is the output of pumped-storage unit i at time t, is the output of the combined cycle unit i at time t, and PtL is the load of the system at time t.
其中，in,
b.备用容量约束：b. Spare capacity constraints:
式中：第1项为系统正旋转备用约束，第2项为负旋转备用约束。Ru,t、Rd,t分别为系统在t时段的正、负旋转备用容量；Lu％、Wu,on％、Wu,off％分别为负荷、陆上风电和海上风电所需的正旋转备用系数；Ld％、Wd,on％、Wd,off％分别为负荷、陆上风电和海上风电所需的负旋转备用系数；分别为火电机组i最大、最小技术出力；分别为火电机组i上升和下降爬坡速率；T10为旋转备用响应时间，此处取10min；分别为联合循环机组i在y模式下的最大、最小技术出力；分别为联合循环机组i在y模式下的上升和下降爬坡速率；分别为抽蓄机组最大发电功率和固定抽水功率。需说明的是，以上考虑将弃风功率作为正旋转备用容量。In the formula: the first term is the system positive spinning reserve constraint, and the second term is the negative spinning reserve constraint. Ru,t and Rd,t are the positive and negative spinning reserve capacity of the system in the t period, respectively;Lu %,Wu,on %, andWu,off % are the requirements of the load, onshore wind power and offshore wind power, respectively. The positive spinning reserve coefficient of ; Ld %, Wd,on %, Wd,off % are the negative spinning reserve coefficients required by the load, onshore wind power and offshore wind power, respectively; are the maximum and minimum technical output of thermal power unit i respectively; are respectively the ascending and descending ramp rates of thermal power unit i; T10 is the response time of rotating standby, which is taken as 10min here; are the maximum and minimum technical output of combined cycle unit i in mode y; are the ascending and descending ramp rates of the combined cycle unit i in the y mode, respectively; are the maximum generating power and the fixed pumping power of the pumped-storage unit, respectively. It should be noted that in the above consideration, the abandoned wind power is regarded as the positive rotating reserve capacity.
ii)机组运行约束。ii) Unit operating constraints.
a.火电机组运行约束：a. Operation constraints of thermal power units:
式中：依次为火电机组出力约束、爬坡速率约束和最小启停时间约束。分别为机组i最小运行时间和最小停机时间。In the formula: are the output constraints of thermal power units, the ramp rate constraints and the minimum start-stop time constraints. are the minimum running time and minimum shutdown time of unit i, respectively.
b.风电出力约束：b. Wind power output constraints:
c.燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行约束：c. Operation constraints of gas-steam combined cycle unit:
式中：依次为联合循环机组出力约束、爬坡速率约束和最小启停时间约束。分别为机组模式间转换上、下爬坡速率；分别为机组y模式下最小运行时间和最小停机时间。where: are the output constraint of the combined cycle unit, the ramp rate constraint and the minimum start-stop time constraint. are respectively the up and down ramp rates for the conversion between unit modes; are the minimum running time and minimum shutdown time of the unit in y mode, respectively.
d.核电机组运行约束：d. Operational constraints of nuclear power units:
由于核电出力约束非线性，此处不列写核电机组运行约束，详细可参照2.1内容。Due to the nonlinearity of nuclear power output constraints, the operating constraints of nuclear power units are not listed here. For details, please refer to 2.1.
e.抽水蓄能机组运行约束：e. Operational constraints of pumped storage units:
式中：依次为抽蓄机组发电功率约束、上下库容约束和日抽发电量约束。为0-1变量，表征抽蓄机组发电状态，发电时为1，否则为0；为抽蓄机组i的发电调度出力，为其上、下限；Vu,t为上水库t时刻库容，Vu为其上、下限；Vd,t为下水库t时刻库容，Vd为其上、下限；ηi为机组效率；为0-1变量，表征抽蓄机组抽水状态，抽水时为1，否则为0。In the formula: are the power generation constraints of pumped storage units, the upper and lower storage capacity constraints and the daily pumped power generation constraints. It is a 0-1 variable, which represents the power generation state of the pumped-storage unit. It is 1 when generating electricity, and 0 otherwise; For the power generation dispatch of the pumped storage unit i, are the upper and lower limits; Vu,t is the storage capacity of the upper reservoir at time t, Vu is the upper and lower limits; Vd, t is the storage capacity of the lower reservoir at time t, Vd is the upper and lower limits; ηi is the unit efficiency; It is a 0-1 variable, which represents the pumping state of the pumped storage unit. It is 1 when pumping, and 0 otherwise.
第二步：采用细分核电调峰深度的方法线性化核电调峰约束，基于Cplex求解调度模型，并制定调度计划。Step 2: Linearize the nuclear power peak shaving constraints by subdividing the nuclear power peak shaving depth, solve the scheduling model based on Cplex, and formulate a scheduling plan.
2.1采用细分核电调峰深度的方法线性化核电调峰约束。假设将核电安全调峰深度范围均分为nd档，则第m档调峰深度为：2.1 Linearize the nuclear power peak shaving constraints by subdividing the nuclear power peak shaving depth. Assuming that the nuclear power safety peak shaving depth range is equally divided into nd levels, the m-th peak shaving depth is:
式中：为等效核电机组所允许的最小出力。where: The minimum output allowed for the equivalent nuclear power unit.
如图2所示，为第m档调峰深度下核电各功率阶段及状态，低功率阶段的核电功率为：As shown in Figure 2, each power stage and state of nuclear power under the m-th peak shaving depth, the nuclear power in the low power stage is:
一般情况下，核电机组升/降功率时间为1～3h，因而每档调峰深度下均有3个升/降功率状态：qm,1、qm,2、qm,3，其对应的核电功率为：Under normal circumstances, the power up/down time of a nuclear power unit is 1 to 3 hours, so there are three power up/down states at each peak shaving depth: qm,1 , qm,2 , qm,3 , which correspond to The nuclear power is:
式中：j为升/降功率的状态标号。In the formula: j is the state label of the up/down power.
则核电功率可线性表示为：Then the nuclear power can be linearly expressed as:
式中：ht为核电机组t时刻额定功率运行标志；lm,t为核电机组在第m档调峰深度、t时刻的低功率运行标志；qm,j,t为核电机组在第m档调峰深度、第j个状态、t时刻的升降功率运行标志。In the formula: ht is the rated power operation mark of the nuclear power unit at time t; lm,t is the low-power operation mark of the nuclear power unit at the mth peak shaving depth and time t; qm,j,t is the nuclear power unit at the mth time. The peak shaving depth of the gear, the j-th state, and the rising and falling power operation flag at time t.
运行标志满足约束：The run flag satisfies the constraints:
类似火电机组，线性化核电机组额定功率、低功率运行时间约束为：Similar to thermal power units, the rated power and low power operating time constraints of linearized nuclear power units are:
式中：分别为核电机组满功率最小持续运行时间和低功率最小持续运行时间。where: They are the minimum continuous operation time at full power and the minimum continuous operation time at low power, respectively.
升/降功率阶段，运行标志还存在时间耦合约束[。升/降功率为2h时运行标志耦合约束：In the power up/down stage, there is also a time coupling constraint for the running flag [. Running flag coupling constraints when the ramp-up/down power is 2h:
升/降功率为3h时运行标志耦合约束：Running flag coupling constraints when the power up/down power is 3h:
2.2基于Cplex求解调度模型，并制定调度计划。2.2 Solve the scheduling model based on Cplex and formulate the scheduling plan.
基于商业优化求解器Cplex高效求解考虑核电调峰的煤电-气电-核电-风电-抽水蓄能多源协调调度模型。若日前调度优化结果要求核电参与调峰，则在综合考虑近段时间内各核电机组参与日调峰情况基础上，由调度运行人员指定隔日实行调峰的核电机组，并依据等效核电机组日前出力优化结果，确定所指定调峰核电机组的日前调度计划；若日前调度优化结果无需核电参与调峰，则不指定核电机组参与调峰。针对非核电机组，无论核电是否调峰，其出力安排均取日前调度优化结果。Based on the commercial optimization solver Cplex, a multi-source coordinated dispatch model of coal power-gas power-nuclear power-wind power-pumped storage energy considering nuclear power peak shaving is efficiently solved. If the results of scheduling optimization a few days ago require nuclear power to participate in peak shaving, then on the basis of comprehensively considering the participation of each nuclear power unit in daily peak shaving in the recent period, the dispatching operator will designate the nuclear power unit to perform peak shaving every other day, and based on the equivalent nuclear power unit The day-ahead output optimization results determine the day-ahead scheduling plan of the designated peak-shaving nuclear power units; if the day-ahead scheduling optimization results do not require nuclear power to participate in peak-shaving, the nuclear power units will not be designated to participate in peak-shaving. For non-nuclear power units, regardless of whether nuclear power is peak-shaving or not, its output arrangement is based on the prior dispatch optimization results.
以下为一个具体实施例：The following is a specific embodiment:
构造算例进行仿真分析，系统基本情况为：28台燃煤火电机组，装机7785MW；2台燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组，装机480MW；1个陆上风电场，1个海上风电场，均装机1000MW；3台核电机组，装机2800MW；3台抽水蓄能机组，装机900MW。机组相关参数如表1至表4。A structural example is used for simulation analysis. The basic conditions of the system are: 28 coal-fired thermal power units with an installed capacity of 7785MW; 2 gas-steam combined cycle units with an installed capacity of 480MW; 1 onshore wind farm and 1 offshore wind farm, each with an installed capacity of 1000MW ; 3 nuclear power units with an installed capacity of 2800MW; 3 pumped storage units with an installed capacity of 900MW. The relevant parameters of the unit are shown in Table 1 to Table 4.
表1火电机组参数Table 1 Parameters of thermal power units
表2燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组参数Table 2 Parameters of gas-steam combined cycle unit
表3抽水蓄能机组参数Table 3 Pumped storage unit parameters
表4核电机组参数Table 4 Parameters of nuclear power units
如图3所示，为海上风电场日前短期预测出力，如图4所示，为沿海某省夏季典型日负荷曲线。为简化处理，假设陆上风电场出力与海上风电场同步，且单位装机出力为海上风电场的0.9倍。参考国际可再生能源机构统计资料及风电上网标杆电价，选取陆上风电弃风成本342元/(MW·h)，海上风电弃风成本510元/(MW·h)；核电安全价值系数σ取1.5，核电最大调峰深度为70％调峰深度细分为100档；负荷备用系数Lu％、Ld％均取5％，风电备用系数Wu,on％、Wu,off％、Wd,on％、Wd,off％均取15％。As shown in Figure 3, it is the short-term predicted output of offshore wind farms, and as shown in Figure 4, it is the typical daily load curve of a coastal province in summer. To simplify the processing, it is assumed that the output of the onshore wind farm is synchronized with that of the offshore wind farm, and the unit installed output is 0.9 times that of the offshore wind farm. Referring to the statistical data of the International Renewable Energy Agency and the benchmark electricity price of wind power, the cost of abandoning wind for onshore wind power is 342 yuan/(MW·h), and the cost of abandoning wind for offshore wind power is 510 yuan/(MW·h); the safety value coefficient σ of nuclear power is taken as 1.5, the maximum peak shaving depth of nuclear power is 70% The peak shaving depth is subdivided into 100 grades; the load backup coefficientsLu % andLd % are both taken as 5%, and the wind power backup coefficientsWu,on %,Wu,off %, Wd,on %, Wd,off % Both take 15%.
为分析所提调度模型的经济性，设置以下4种调度模型，基于场景3进行仿真对比。In order to analyze the economy of the proposed scheduling model, the following four scheduling models are set up, and the simulation comparison is carried out based on scenario 3.
1)模型1。核电均带基荷运行，且不允许弃风。1) Model 1. All nuclear power plants operate with base load, and wind curtailment is not allowed.
2)模型2。核电均带基荷运行，且允许弃风。2) Model 2. All nuclear power plants operate with base load, and wind curtailment is allowed.
3)模型3。核电可以日负荷跟踪模式调峰，且不允许弃风。3) Model 3. Nuclear power can be peak-shaving in a daily load-following mode, and wind curtailment is not allowed.
4)模型4。核电可以日负荷跟踪模式调峰，且允许弃风，也即本文所提调度模型。4) Model 4. Nuclear power can be peak-shaving in a daily load-following mode and allow wind curtailment, which is the dispatching model proposed in this paper.
除以上所述区别，4种调度模型的目标函数及其余相关约束均相同，得到的优化结果如表5及图5、图6所示。Except for the above differences, the objective functions and other related constraints of the four scheduling models are the same, and the optimization results obtained are shown in Table 5 and Figure 5 and Figure 6.
表5 4种调度模型优化结果Table 5 Optimization results of four scheduling models
1)对比模型1、模型2和模型3优化结果可知，若系统完全消纳风电和核电，会导致常规机组频繁启停，引起高昂的启停费用，使调度周期内的总运行成本攀升。且如图5所示，随着风电/核电参与调峰，降低了常规机组调峰压力，避免了常规机组的频繁启停，从而大幅度降低了启停成本，使总运行成本分别下降32.6万元、87.58万元，提升了运行经济性。此外，由于单位电量弃风成本高，导致模型2弃电成本显著高出模型3，因而应尽量避免弃风。1) Comparing the optimization results of Model 1, Model 2 and Model 3, it can be seen that if the system completely absorbs wind power and nuclear power, it will lead to frequent startup and shutdown of conventional units, resulting in high startup and shutdown costs, which will increase the total operating cost during the dispatch period. And as shown in Figure 5, with the participation of wind power/nuclear power in peak regulation, the peak regulation pressure of conventional units is reduced, the frequent start and stop of conventional units is avoided, and the start and stop costs are greatly reduced, reducing the total operating cost by 326,000 yuan respectively. Yuan, 875,800 yuan, which improved the operating economy. In addition, due to the high cost of wind curtailment per unit of electricity, the cost of power curtailment in Model 2 is significantly higher than that in Model 3, so wind curtailment should be avoided as much as possible.
2)对比模型2、模型3和模型4优化结果可知，运行经济性：模型4>模型3>模型2。结合图6分析，模型2具有弃风调峰灵活的特点，但弃风成本高；模型3核电调峰受自身运行安全约束，低功率阶段出力需保持恒定，但相对具有弃核成本低的优势；模型4风核协调调峰结合了模型2弃风调峰灵活和模型3弃核成本低两者优势，通过核电调峰和少量弃风，抬升了常规机组在负荷低谷时段出力，实现了火电机组和燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组的零启停，从而进一步提升了运行经济性。2) Comparing the optimization results of Model 2, Model 3 and Model 4, we can see that the running economy is: Model 4>Model 3>Model 2. Combined with the analysis in Figure 6, Model 2 has the characteristics of flexible wind curtailment and peak shaving, but the cost of wind curtailment is high; Model 3 nuclear power peak shaving is constrained by its own operation safety, and the output in the low-power stage needs to be kept constant, but it has the advantage of relatively low cost of nuclear power abandonment. ; Model 4 wind-core coordinated peak shaving combines the advantages of Model 2’s flexible wind and peak shaving and Model 3’s low cost of abandoning nuclear power. Through nuclear power peak shaving and a small amount of wind curtailment, the output of conventional units during the load trough period is increased, realizing thermal power generation. Zero start and stop of units and gas-steam combined cycle units further improves operating economy.
可见，风、核调峰降低了常规机组调峰压力，避免了常规机组的频繁启停，且风核协调调度可兼顾调峰灵活性和调峰成本，提高了含风电和核电系统的调度经济性，并使弃风减少。It can be seen that the peak regulation of wind and nuclear reduces the peak regulation pressure of conventional units, avoids the frequent start and stop of conventional units, and the coordinated dispatch of wind and nuclear can take into account the flexibility of peak regulation and the cost of peak regulation, which improves the dispatch economy of systems including wind power and nuclear power. sex and reduce wind abandonment.
需说明的是，由于弃电成本系数海上风电>陆上风电>核电，因而风核协调调度主要由核电承担调峰，陆上风电承担很少，海上风电未承担。弃电调峰会使各利益体收益受损，因而还需制定合理的调峰补偿机制，以实现各利益体间的利益均衡。It should be noted that, due to the cost coefficient of abandoning power offshore wind power > onshore wind power > nuclear power, the coordinated dispatch of wind and nuclear power is mainly undertaken by nuclear power, while onshore wind power bears very little, and offshore wind power does not. Abandoning the power regulation summit will damage the benefits of various stakeholders, so it is necessary to formulate a reasonable compensation mechanism for peak regulation to achieve a balance of interests among various stakeholders.
为分析核电日调峰模式对调度优化结果的影响，设置以下4种核电日调峰模式进行仿真对比。In order to analyze the influence of the nuclear power daily peak shaving mode on the scheduling optimization results, the following four nuclear power daily peak shaving modes were set up for simulation comparison.
1)模式1，核电机组均带基荷运行，不参与日负荷调峰。1) In mode 1, all nuclear power units operate with base load and do not participate in daily load peak regulation.
2)模式2，核电机组采用压出力100MW方式参与日调峰(日内功率恒定，但不满发)。2) Mode 2, the nuclear power unit participates in daily peak shaving with a pressure output of 100 MW (the daily power is constant, but the output is not satisfied).
3)模式3，核电机组采用3档固定调峰深度(30％，50％，70％)进行日负荷跟踪调峰。3) Mode 3, the nuclear power unit adopts 3 fixed peak shaving depths (30%, 50%, 70%) for daily load tracking peak shaving.
4)模式4，本实施例所采用模式，通过细分核电调峰深度，实现核电调峰的精确优化。4) Mode 4, the mode adopted in this embodiment, realizes precise optimization of nuclear power peak regulation by subdividing the nuclear power peak regulation depth.
若核电调峰，假设2台900MW核电机组近期已参与日调峰，现均指定1000MW核电机组为调峰机组。基于场景3得到的调度优化结果如表6所示，调峰核电机组出力如图7所示。In the case of nuclear power peak shaving, it is assumed that two 900MW nuclear power units have recently participated in daily peak shaving, and both 1000MW nuclear power units are now designated as peak shaving units. The scheduling optimization results obtained based on scenario 3 are shown in Table 6, and the output of peak-shaving nuclear power units is shown in Figure 7.
表6 4种核电日调峰模式下的调度优化结果Table 6 Scheduling optimization results under four nuclear power daily peak shaving modes
由表6可知，模式1会引起大量弃风，且常规机组启停相对频繁，造成了高昂的运行成本。模式2虽减少了弃风电量，但并未降低弃电成本，且引起联合循环机组启停次数增加，反而使总运行成本上升。模式3和模式4均大幅度减少了弃风电量，降低了弃电成本，且模式4无需火电机组和联合循环机组启停调峰，因而总运行成本最低。It can be seen from Table 6 that mode 1 will cause a large amount of abandoned wind, and the conventional units start and stop relatively frequently, resulting in high operating costs. Although mode 2 reduces the amount of wind curtailment, it does not reduce the cost of curtailment, and causes an increase in the number of start-up and shutdown of combined cycle units, which increases the total operating cost. Both Mode 3 and Mode 4 greatly reduce the amount of wind curtailment and the cost of power curtailment, and Mode 4 does not require the start and stop of thermal power units and combined cycle units for peak regulation, so the total operating cost is the lowest.
结合图7分析，模式2核电机组压出力运行，虽在负荷低谷时段缓解了向下调峰压力，但由于不能跟踪日负荷变化，也增加了负荷高峰时段的向上调峰压力，使得联合循环机组启停次数增加，降低了运行经济性。模式3核电出力跟踪日负荷变化，避免了模式2缺陷，因而降低了运行成本，但由于采用固定档核电调峰深度，不能精确优化核电低功率阶段出力，易造成核电“欠调”或“过调”，因而运行经济性不如模式4。Combined with the analysis in Fig. 7, the mode 2 nuclear power unit is operating under pressure, although the downward peaking pressure is relieved during the load trough period, but due to the inability to track the daily load change, the upward peaking pressure during the load peak period is also increased, making the combined cycle unit start up. The number of stops is increased, reducing the operating economy. Mode 3 nuclear power output tracks daily load changes, avoiding the defects of Mode 2 and thus reducing operating costs. However, due to the use of fixed-speed nuclear power peak shaving depth, the output of nuclear power in the low-power stage cannot be precisely optimized, which is likely to cause nuclear power “under-regulation” or “over-regulation”. tune", so the operating economy is not as good as Mode 4.
可见，核电机组采用日负荷跟踪模式参与日调峰，并对核电调峰深度精确优化，可有效降低总运行成本。It can be seen that the nuclear power unit adopts the daily load tracking mode to participate in daily peak shaving, and accurately optimizes the depth of nuclear power peak shaving, which can effectively reduce the total operating cost.
为进一步分析核电调峰深度细分程度对优化结果的影响，通过逐步增大核电调峰档数，得到总运行成本和核电调峰深度变化如图8所示。In order to further analyze the influence of the nuclear power peak shaving depth subdivision degree on the optimization results, by gradually increasing the number of nuclear power peak shaving gears, the total operating cost and nuclear power peak shaving depth changes are shown in Figure 8.
可见，随着核电调峰档数的增加，核电调峰深度由21.00％逐步修正为20.30％，且误差限缩小至±0.7％，系统运行成本总体趋近最优。这是因为细分的固定调峰深度不断趋近最优调峰深度，因而使系统经济性总体趋优，且由于核电调峰深度误差的不断缩小，总运行成本的变化幅度也会越来越小。当档数为100时，调峰深度误差限为±0.7％，已趋近核电安全范围内任意调峰深度，且相对80档优化结果，运行成本仅变化0.06万元，相对变化率小于0.01％，因而可认为实现了核电调峰的精确优化。It can be seen that with the increase of the number of nuclear power peak shaving gears, the nuclear power peak shaving depth is gradually revised from 21.00% to 20.30%, and the error limit is reduced to ±0.7%, and the overall operating cost of the system tends to be optimal. This is because the subdivided fixed peak shaving depth is constantly approaching the optimal peak shaving depth, thus making the overall system economy better, and due to the continuous reduction of the nuclear power peak shaving depth error, the change in the total operating cost will also become more and more Small. When the number of gears is 100, the error limit of peak shaving depth is ±0.7%, which is close to any peak shaving depth within the safe range of nuclear power. Compared with the optimization result of 80 gears, the operating cost only changes by 0.6 million yuan, and the relative change rate is less than 0.01%. , so it can be considered that the precise optimization of nuclear power peak shaving has been achieved.
应当理解的是，本说明书未详细阐述的部分均属于现有技术。It should be understood that the parts not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art.
虽然以上结合附图描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员应当理解，这些仅是举例说明，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变形或修改，而不背离本发明的原理和实质。本发明的范围仅由所附权利要求书限定。Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art should understand that these are only examples, and various modifications or changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and principles of the present invention and substance. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.
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| CN201811418759.6ACN109284878B (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | A multi-source optimal dispatch method considering the coordination of wind power, nuclear power and pumped storage |
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