Corn precision planterTechnical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a corn precision planter.
Background
The corn planter is a seeding machine which uses corn seeds as seeding objects, uniformly sows the corn seeds into farmlands according to a certain line spacing and corn quantity, and then buries the corn seeds with soil [5]. According to the working principle, the precision seeder can be divided into two types of pneumatic precision seeder and mechanical precision seeder, and from the structural aspect, the pneumatic seed sowing device has various types of pneumatic suction type, pneumatic type, air blowing type, pneumatic and mechanical combination type and the like; the mechanical seed metering device is commonly used with more than 30 seeds such as vertical disc side charging type, horizontal disc, inclined disc, hole wheel type, hole brushing type and the like [11].
At the end of the 20 th century, mechanical production has been known more deeply due to the development of industrial revolution, and foreign precision seeding technology has been developed rapidly and reaches a fairly perfect level in recent 60 years. In the 60 s of the 20 th century, developed countries such as the united states and germany began to develop a large number of different sowing machines, among which pneumatic precision sowing machines have been mainly popularized. China has studied precision planters since the end of the 70 s of the 20 th century, most of which were imported from foreign countries or imitated from foreign machines. The main popularity in the 80 s was semi-precision seeding, in which small single-body sowers were mainly pursued. From the end of the 90 s of the 20 th century, china gradually develops a precision planter, and China gradually popularizes the precision planter, and more than 10 enterprises start to produce the planter. The domestic North China plain mainly adopts large and medium corn sowers, but is difficult to sow in hilly and hilly areas, so that a small-sized corn precision planter is designed.
At present, the precision corn planter is mainly divided into two types: mechanical and pneumatic. The air-aspiration type corn precision planter has the greatest advantages of no damage to seeds and less strict requirements on the size of the seeds. However, the fan and other parts need high precision, are difficult to process and have high production cost, and the operation, maintenance and repair costs are very high, so that the fan and other parts are not suitable for the conditions of China, and are usually used in developed countries abroad. The mechanical corn precision planter is mainly used in China. The mechanical corn precision planter has the advantages of simple structure, high working performance, high stability, low price and low cost, and is suitable for China situations. According to cultivation habit and cultivation mode, the sower can be divided into two main categories of no-tillage sower and cultivation sower. The no-tillage seeding operation can not only reduce the times of the tractor entering the field and the investment of production cost, reduce the repeated rolling of soil, shorten the seeding time and reduce the energy consumption, but also ensure the timely seeding, and lay a solid foundation for improving the germination rate, increasing the seeding emergence advantage and the high yield. The operation line numbers are divided into a single-line seeder, a two-line seeder, a four-line seeder, a six-line seeder and a multi-line seeder with more than six lines.
The corn has short production period, high yield, convenient planting, high survival rate, good quality and strong adaptability, is ranked third in the grains in China at present, and is inferior to rice and wheat, and in addition, the corn can be used as feed of livestock or deeply processed into various products, so that the corn has high food value and economic value. The sowing is very important for the whole growth process of corn, however, the manual sowing is low in working efficiency and gradually increases in labor cost, so that the mechanized sowing has great significance, and the mechanized sowing not only liberates productivity, but also greatly improves the working efficiency, and creates conditions for early germination, temperature competing and high yield deprivation.
The mechanized sowing machinery of maize that uses at present belongs to a kind of extensive seeding, can not adjust interval, distance and the degree of depth seeding when planting to the actual growth state of maize, only can say to save a part of labour to a certain extent, but still have certain gap according to being favorable to seedling growth angle more.
The precision planter is an agricultural machine capable of planting a certain number of seeds according to a certain interval, a certain distance and a certain depth, has the advantages of saving labor, time and labor, and is more beneficial to the growth of seedlings. How to improve the planting efficiency, lighten the manual labor, realize the precision corn sowing, and have important significance for realizing the modern corn sowing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects, the invention aims to provide the corn precision planter which is novel and reasonable in structure, accurate and reliable in control system, capable of independently operating, even in sowing, capable of avoiding the problems of serious miss-sowing and re-sowing in the sowing process, capable of realizing precise sowing of seeds, capable of ensuring the stability of the quantity of the seeds and capable of ensuring the stability of the whole structure.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the corn precision planter comprises a frame and a control system, wherein a seed box and a seed metering device are respectively fixed in the frame from top to bottom, and the output end of the seed box is communicated with the input end of the seed metering device through a seed guide pipe; the seed box is funnel-shaped, a plurality of inclined guide plates are arranged on opposite sides of the inner wall in a staggered manner, and each inclined guide plate forms a Z-shaped guide channel for seed flow together; the seed metering device comprises a seed metering body, a rotating shaft is arranged in the seed metering body in a penetrating manner, two ends of the rotating shaft extend out of the seed metering body, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a power mechanism, the outer wall of the rotating shaft is provided with a grain sorting wheel in the seed metering body, a plurality of sowing blocks are uniformly distributed on the circumferential surface of the grain sorting wheel to form a plurality of grooves, and each groove meets the requirement of single seed flow; the bottom of the seed metering body is provided with a cartridge clip type seed metering mechanism, the cartridge clip type seed metering mechanism comprises a transition plate fixed with the bottom surface of the seed metering body, a seed inlet is formed in the transition plate, a first box body and a second box body are obliquely arranged at the bottom of the transition plate respectively, the first box body and the second box body are arranged in parallel, a certain gap is reserved between the first box body and the second box body, a plurality of interlayers which are arranged in parallel are arranged in the first box body, each interlayer is internally provided with a partition board respectively, the surface of each partition board is provided with a photoelectric sensor, a plurality of electromagnets which are arranged in parallel are arranged in the second box body, each electromagnet corresponds to one partition board, and the partition boards are driven to open and close by electrifying the electromagnets; the control system controls the normal work of the electromagnet, the photoelectric sensor and the power mechanism.
Further, the seed metering body is formed by combining an upper box body and a lower box body, the seed guide pipe is connected with an opening of the upper box body, and the seed guide pipe is a hose.
The included angle between the inclined guide plate and the seed box wall is 60-80 degrees.
Bearing seats are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft close to two ends, a sleeve is further arranged between the outer wall of the rotating shaft and the bearing seats, and the bearing seats and the outer portion of the seed metering body are fixed together.
The grain sorting wheel is characterized in that two sides of the grain sorting wheel are respectively provided with a baffle plate, the baffle plates are basin-shaped, a round opening for a rotating shaft to pass through is formed in the middle of the baffle plates, and seeds are prevented from leaking from two sides when moving on the grain sorting wheel through the two basin-shaped baffle plates.
The striker plate is made of acrylic materials.
One end of the rotating shaft is connected with the power mechanism through a coupler, the power mechanism adopts a stepping motor with a frequency conversion function, and the stepping motor is connected with a driving power supply.
The seed box outer wall is equipped with one or more electromagnetic shaker through control system control, and when the seed took place to block up, the inside photoelectric sensor of seed metering body induced and can not be to the epaxial seed that stores of classifying wheel, electromagnetic shaker starts, arouses vibrations through striking the seed box, makes seed ordered arrangement.
When the corn seed sorting machine works, corn seeds pass through a Z-shaped channel formed by a plurality of inclined guide plates in the seed box and then pass through the sorting of the sorting wheel, so that single seeds can be effectively obtained, the cartridge clip type seed metering mechanism is positioned below the sorting wheel, the stepping motor drives the sorting wheel to rotate, the sorting wheel drives the seeds to rotate to the position above the cartridge clip type seed metering mechanism, the seeds fall onto the first partition plate by gravity, the photoelectric sensor on the first layer detects the seeds, at the moment, the electromagnet is not electrified, the first partition plate is opened, the seeds enter the second layer, and otherwise, the first partition plate is closed in an initial state; the seeds fall onto the second partition board, when the first partition board is closed, the third partition board and the fourth partition board are also closed, the second partition board is opened, and the seeds enter the third layer; and similarly, a seed is arranged between each two adjacent layers until the seed falls to the fourth separator, so that the condition that the seed is not missed to be sowed and rebroadcast is ensured, and meanwhile, the first separator, the second separator and the third separator are all in a closed state, and then the fourth separator opens the seed to fall to the land, so that the sowing operation is completed.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the damage rate to seeds is small, the accurate sowing can be realized, and the aim of single-grain accurate sowing is fulfilled; by adding a cartridge clip type seed metering mechanism below the seed sorting wheel, a photoelectric sensor is used for detecting the falling condition of seeds, when miss seeding occurs, an electromagnetic vibrator on a seed box can knock the box body, and the seeds fall and are orderly arranged by vibration; the Z-shaped channel formed by the inclined guide plates of the seed box can slow down the falling speed of seeds from the seed box, reduce the probability of rebroadcasting, effectively prevent miss-casting or rebroadcasting and realize single-grain precision sowing; in addition, the invention can lead the corn seeds to be reasonably distributed in the field according to plant spacing, row spacing, sowing depth and sowing quantity, and increase sowing efficiency, thereby improving the growth probability of the corn seeds.
Drawings
The structure and features of the present invention are further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure in the direction A-A in FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a sectional structure in the direction B-B in fig. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the seed metering device and the clip type seed metering mechanism of the present invention connected together.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the classifying wheel according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the striker plate according to the present invention.
1-6, 1, Seed box, 2, frame, 3, upper box, 4, seed guide tube, 5, bearing cover, 6, rotary shaft, 7, lower box, 8, clip seeding mechanism, 9, sleeve, 10, classification wheel, 11, striker plate, 12, bearing seat, 13, inclined deflector, 14, first box, 15, first baffle, 16, second baffle, 17, third baffle, 18, fourth baffle, 19, first electromagnet, 20, second electromagnet, 21, third electromagnet, 22, fourth electromagnet, 23, second box, 24, transition plate, 25, groove, 26, seeding block.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-6, in one embodiment of the present invention, a precision corn planter is disclosed, comprising a frame 2 and a control system, wherein a seed box 1 and a seed metering device are respectively fixed in the frame 2 from top to bottom, and an output end of the seed box 1 is communicated with an input end of the seed metering device through a seed guiding pipe 4; the seed box 1 is funnel-shaped, a plurality of inclined guide plates 13 are arranged on opposite sides of the inner wall in a staggered manner, and each inclined guide plate 13 forms a Z-shaped guide channel for seed flow together; the seed metering device comprises a seed metering body, wherein a rotating shaft 6 is arranged in the seed metering body in a penetrating manner, two ends of the rotating shaft 6 extend out of the seed metering body, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a power mechanism, the outer wall of the rotating shaft 6 is provided with a seed sorting wheel 10 in the seed metering body, a plurality of seed sowing blocks 26 are uniformly distributed on the circumferential surface of the seed sorting wheel 10 to form a plurality of grooves 26, and each groove 26 meets the requirement of single seed flow; the bottom of the seed sowing body is provided with a cartridge clip type seed sowing mechanism 8, the cartridge clip type seed sowing mechanism 8 comprises a transition plate 24 fixed with the bottom surface of the seed sowing body, a seed inlet is formed in the transition plate 24, a first box 24 and a second box 23 are obliquely arranged at the bottom of the transition plate 24 respectively, the first box 24 and the second box 24 are arranged in parallel, a certain gap is reserved between the first box 24 and the second box 23, four interlayers which are arranged in parallel are arranged in the first box 24, a first partition plate 15, a second partition plate 16, a third partition plate 17 and a fourth partition plate 18 are correspondingly arranged in each interlayer, a photoelectric sensor is arranged on the surface of each partition plate, four electromagnets which are arranged in parallel are respectively arranged in correspondence with each partition plate, and the first electromagnet 19, the second electromagnet 20, the third electromagnet 21 and the fourth electromagnet 22 are respectively driven to open and close by electrifying the electromagnets; the control system controls the normal work of the electromagnet, the photoelectric sensor and the power mechanism.
Further, the seed metering body is formed by combining an upper box body 3 and a lower box body 7, the seed guide tube 4 is connected with an opening of the upper box body 3, and the seed guide tube 4 is a hose.
The included angle between the inclined guide plate 13 and the wall of the seed box 1 is 60-80 degrees.
Bearing seats 12 are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 6 near two ends, a sleeve 9 is further arranged between the outer wall of the rotating shaft 6 and the bearing seats 12, and the bearing seats 12 and the outer part of the seed sowing body are fixed together.
The two sides of the classifying wheel 10 are respectively provided with a baffle plate 11, the baffle plates 11 are basin-shaped, the middle is provided with a round opening for the rotating shaft 6 to pass through, and seeds are prevented from leaking from the two sides when moving on the classifying wheel 10 through the two basin-shaped baffle plates 11.
The striker plate 11 is made of acrylic material.
One end of the rotating shaft 6 is connected with a power mechanism through a coupler, the power mechanism adopts a stepping motor with a frequency conversion function, and the stepping motor is connected with a driving power supply.
The seed box 1 outer wall is equipped with one or more electromagnetic shaker through control system control, and when the seed took place to block up, the inside photoelectric sensor of seed metering body induced and can not be to the epaxial seed that stores of classifying wheel, and electromagnetic shaker starts, arouses vibrations through striking seed box 1, makes seed ordered arrangement.
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps in the working process: seeds in the seed box slide to the seed sorting wheel, the seed filling of the seed sorting wheel, the seed protection of the seed sorting wheel, the seed storage and the seed feeding of the cartridge clip type seed metering mechanism, wherein when the seed sorting wheel is used for seed filling:
Seeds in the seed box 1 slowly and dispersedly slide to the classification wheel 10 along the guide plate under the action of gravity and the friction force of the inclined guide plate 13, the classification wheel 10 rotates under the drive of the stepping motor, and grooves 25 of the classification wheel 10 are provided with single seeds;
When the seed is protected by the seed separating wheel, all corn seeds in the groove 25 of the seed separating wheel are to be discharged to the clip type seed metering mechanism 8, but if the seeds on the partition plate are full, the stopped seed separating wheel must protect the seeds, which is equivalent to the process that some functions of the seed separating wheel 10 are also to store the seeds, and the seed protecting result of the seed separating wheel 10 is the process of smoothly bringing the seeds to the top layer of the clip type seed metering mechanism 8, and in the process, the seeds rotate together with the seed separating wheel 10;
the cartridge clip type seed metering mechanism stores seeds, the seeds descend along with the seed sorting wheel 10, under the action of gravity, the seeds are separated from the grooves 25 of the seed sorting wheel and enter the cartridge clip type seed metering mechanism 8, the seed storage process is a process of filling the cartridge clip type seed metering mechanism with the seeds, and the seed feeding is not carried out in the process;
The clip type seed metering mechanism is used for feeding seeds, after the clip type seed metering mechanism is filled with seeds, the bottommost layer of partition plate is opened, and the seeds enter the seed feeding pipe under the action of gravity and then fall to the ground.
In the embodiment of the invention, for the electric control part, the initial state of the electromagnet is closed, the inlet and the outlet of the grain sorting wheel 10 are respectively opposite to the outlet of the seed box 1 and the inlet of the clip seeding mechanism 8, the starting button is pressed, the system starts to run, corn seeds are poured into the seed box 1, the seeds enter the grain sorting wheel 10, when no seeds are in the groove 25 of the grain sorting wheel, or the photoelectric sensor on the first partition 15 of the clip seeding mechanism 8 does not detect the seeds in place in 2 seconds, the electromagnetic vibrator on the seed box 1 vibrates, and the method is specifically controlled by:
1) When seeds of the classifying wheel 10 fall onto the first partition plate 15, the sensor detects the seeds, and the sensor on the second partition plate 16 does not detect the seeds, the first electromagnet 19 acts, the first partition plate 15 is opened, and single seeds enter the second partition plate 16;
② When the photoelectric sensor on the second partition board 16 detects seeds, the first partition board 15 is in a closed state, the photoelectric sensor on the third partition board 17 does not detect seeds, the second electromagnet 20 acts to drive the second partition board 16 to be opened, and the seeds fall into the third partition board 17;
③ When the photoelectric sensor on the third partition board 17 detects seeds, the second partition board 16 is closed, the photoelectric sensor on the fourth partition board 18 does not detect seeds, and the third electromagnet 21 acts to drive the third partition board 17 to open, so that the seeds fall into the fourth partition board 18;
④ When the photoelectric sensor on the fourth partition 18 detects seeds, the seeds reach the sowing area at the moment, and the third partition 17 is closed, the fourth electromagnet 22 acts at the moment to drive the fourth partition 18 to open, and the seeds fall into a seed discharging pipe and finally fall into the ground.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, adaptations or equivalent substitutions according to the above description, which fall within the scope of the present invention.