A kind of thermal-arrest-radiation appliance and its refrigeration systemTechnical field
The invention belongs to renewable energy and air-conditioning technical field, more particularly, to a kind of thermal-arrest-radiation appliance and itsRefrigeration system.
Background technique
Currently, greatly developing new and renewable energy is that China is current and the main target of future development, in ChinaSocial total energy consumption in, building energy consumption accounts for about 1/3, and the air conditioning energy consumption in building energy consumption is up to 42%, then, air conditioning energy consumption accounts forThe 14% of China's total energy consumption.Therefore, the energy saving Journal of Sex Research of air-conditioning system just has highly important economic benefit and social effect.
Contain unlimited energy in the space of the length and breadth of land, the sun is the heat source that a temperature is up to 5800k, and cosmic spaceIt is then the perfect cold source that a temperature only has 3K, the samming of the earth is 300K, between the two.The sun is all adding all the timeHeat the earth, and the earth also radiates to the outer space；If air-conditioning energy can be greatly lowered two kinds of Utilizing Energy Sources in ReasonConsumption.Nowadays relative maturity, biggest advantage are that seasonal adaptation is good for solar refrigeration technology development: on the one hand, the summerSeason hot weather, people to refrigerating capacity require it is higher；On the other hand, summer intensity of solar radiation is big, utilizes Driven by Solar Energy systemCold can produce more cooling capacity.This demand just with summer people to air-conditioning matches.General solar refrigeration technologyThat hot water is generated using solar thermal collector, the hot water of generation is used to that Absorption Refrigerator is driven to work, it have to atmosphere withoutThe advantages that pollution, movement-less part, quiet operation.But there are problems that solar energy night is not available.
Although the temperature in cosmic space, close to absolute zero, the presence of atmosphere hinders ground object and directly dissipates to itHeat, but in 8~13 mu m wavebands, water vapour, carbon dioxide and ozone are very weak to the absorbability of radiation in atmosphere, therefore,Atmosphere is very high in the transparency of this wave band, this usual wave band is known as " atmospheric window ", and object issues at normal temperature on the earthInfra-red radiation, " atmospheric window " can be penetrated just and be radiated the outer space, therefore a kind of material can be found as radiator,8~13 mu m wavebands emissivity close to 1, and in the reflectivity of remaining wave band close to 1, then the radiation that object issues at normal temperatureIt will transmit through atmosphere and be radiated the outer space, and will be reflected from extraneous radiation, compare environment so that body surface is dropped toLower temperature.Although irradiation space refrigeration can be under conditions of not consuming the energy or consuming a small amount of energy, by heat spokeIt is mapped to the outer space, to achieve the purpose that refrigeration, but since selective radiation material is not ideal enough, can be absorbed on daytime moreSolar radiation energy, cause irradiation space refrigeration daytime it is ineffective.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of thermal-arrest-radiation appliance and its systemsCooling system, wherein design and be laid out by the structure to thermal-arrest-radiation appliance key component collecting part and radiation hot part,And by the mating connection with accessory part refrigerating plant, on the one hand make full use of collection heat radiation device in sunlight abundanceWhen absorb the energy of sunlight, so that absorption type refrigerating unit be driven to freeze, on the other hand, it is contemplated that night sunlight does not fillThe situation of foot dexterously reduces thermal-arrest-spoke using the principle of the outside space lunch electromagenetic wave radiation heat of selective radiation filmIn injection device in cooling tube liquid medium temperature, so that sunlight and irradiation space on daytime can not be utilized by mutually compensating for nightThe defect of poor refrigerating efficiency realizes the process of refrigerastion of nearly zero energy consumption, thus solves the technology of refrigeration system energy consumption height and effect differenceProblem.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of thermal-arrest-radiation appliance is provided, the device packetInclude bracket and thermal-arrest-radiating element, which is characterized in that
The bracket is connect with thermal-arrest-radiating element, is used to support the thermal-arrest-radiating element；Thermal-arrest-the radiating elementIn tile, including collecting part and radiation hot part, the tie point around bracket and the collection thermal radiation unit rotates, and works as instituteWhen stating collecting part towards sunlight, the collecting part work, when the collecting part makes the radiation backwards to sunlightWhen hot part is upward, the radiation hot part work；
The collecting part includes the reflective mirror of tile and the thermal-collecting tube of the reflective mirror focal point is arranged in, described reflectiveHeat is simultaneously gathered on the thermal-collecting tube by mirror reflected sunlight heat, with this liquid medium in thermal-collecting tube is addedHeat；The back side of the collecting part, including cooling tube and selective radiation film, the cooling is arranged in the radiation hot partThe back side of the reflective mirror is arranged in pipe, and the selective radiation film is attached to the surface of the cooling tube, absorbs the coolingThe heat of liquid medium in pipe, then tranmitting frequency is the electromagnetic wave of 8 μm~13 mu m wavebands, and the electromagnetic wave of the wave band penetrates atmosphereThe outside irradiation space heat of window, to reduce the temperature of the liquid medium in the cooling tube.
It is further preferred that the radiation hot part further includes being arranged between the cooling tube and selective radiation filmReflective heat conducting film, on the one hand for reflect extraneous electromagnetic wave avoid it is extraneous conduct heat to cooling tube, on the other hand pass throughIt is coated on the external contact area increased between the cooling tube and selective radiation film of the cooling tube, to enhance instituteIt states thermally conductive between cooling tube and selective radiation film.
It is further preferred that the radiation hot part further includes the full impregnated sexual isolation being arranged in above selective radiation filmOn the one hand film has very high Radiation Transmittance to all band, on the other hand for that will radiate hot part air-isolation, reduce emptyHeat convection between gas and selective radiation film.
It is further preferred that the selective radiation film preferably uses polytetrafluoroethylene film or polyester film.
It is further preferred that the gap between the adjacent cooling tube, the gap between the cooling tube and reflective mirrorIn be filled with foamed material, for keeping the temperature of cooling tube.
It is another aspect of this invention to provide that provide a kind of refrigeration system, including the above-mentioned thermal-arrest-radiation appliance,And the absorption type refrigerating unit and cold water storage cistern being connect respectively with the thermal-arrest-radiation appliance both ends, which is characterized in that
When daytime, the thermal-arrest-radiation appliance is added by the liquid medium in reflected sunlight heat thermal-collecting tubeLiquid medium circulation after heat, which flows into the refrigerating plant, constantly carries out heat exchange with the working medium in the refrigerating plant, fromAnd refrigerating plant is driven, which freezes and obtains cooling water, and the water flow after cooling is to the cold water storage cisternIn, extraneous temperature is reduced by the cold water storage cistern and extraneous heat exchange, process of refrigerastion is realized with this；
When night, the thermal-arrest-radiation appliance disconnects the connection with refrigerating plant, and passes through the cooling tube and cold water storage cisternIt connects, the outside irradiation space heat of radiant section in the thermal-arrest-radiation appliance reduces liquid medium in the cooling tubeTemperature is to reduce the temperature of water in the cold water storage cistern, and the cold water storage cistern and extraneous progress heat exchange reduce ambient temperature, with this realityExisting process of refrigerastion.
It is further preferred that the absorption type refrigerating unit includes gas-liquid separator, condenser, liquid distribution plate, absorber, steamingDevice, U-tube, liquid storing barrel, solution heat exchanger, solution heating muff and crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tube are sent out,
Thermal-arrest-the radiation appliance and the solution heating muff and the crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tube phaseEven, the liquid medium being heated enters in the solution heating muff and the crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tubeAfterwards, the Temperature of Working in the crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tube increases boiling, and enters in the gas-liquid separator,The gas-liquid separator is used to the working medium being divided into steam and liquid solution, wherein
The steam enters in the condenser, and successively by forming cryogen in the U-tube, liquid distribution plate and evaporatorWater, the evaporator are connect with the cold water storage cistern, and the water as refrigerant in the evaporator and the water in the cold water storage cistern carry out heat exchange,On the one hand the temperature for reducing water in the cold water storage cistern realizes process of refrigerastion, on the other hand the absorption heat shape in the evaporatorEnter in the absorber at water vapour；
The liquid solution enters the absorber by the solution heat exchanger, and the water absorbed in the absorber steamsIt flows out, is returned to after the solution heat exchanger in the crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tube from the absorber after vapour.
It is further preferred that the crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tube includes inner and outer tubes, inner and outer tubesBetween form crescent moon shaped channel, the liquid medium that is heated in the thermal-collecting tube flows into solution heating muff and solution elevatingIn pipe inner tube, the working medium in the crescent moon shaped channel is transferred heat to.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and showBeneficial effect:
1, the present invention has complementary advantages solar energy and space cold source, and solving solar energy night with irradiation space refrigeration can notThe problem of use, makes up the deficiency of irradiation space refrigeration effect on daytime difference with solar energy absorption type refrigeration, to ensure that whole dayWait complementary refrigeration；
2, the collecting part in the present invention in thermal-arrest-radiation appliance is not needing cold air in addition to the refrigeration from summerWinter, can be used as solar water heater and heat, hot water is provided；
3, two kinds of refrigeration modes that the present invention uses are passive refrigeration modes, and are mentioned using the channel thermal siphon of crescent or half moon typeRiser replaces mechanical pump to obtain absorption system flow head, energy consumption is further decreased, to realize nearly zero energy consumption systemCold effect；
4, solar energy and space ultralow temperature cold source of the energy utilized in the present invention in nature, energy consumption is extremely low,Air conditioning energy consumption can be significantly reduced, and using water as refrigeration working medium, cleanliness without any pollution, the system can be widely applied to residentThe building such as building, school, office block, hospital, airport, the hot Arid Area for being particluarly suitable for sunshine abundance uses, in wet weatherIt can be assisted with electric heating wire；
5, thermal-arrest-radiation appliance provided in the present invention and refrigeration system compatibility are strong, reequip at low cost, which can be withTraditional air conditioner and the compatible use of air energy air conditioner, do not need very big recondition expense, air-conditioning before can also be used as auxiliary systemCold to continue to use, in winter, the hot water that this system generates in one day can satisfy the hot water demand in an average family winter, fill out" the neutral gear phase " of refrigeration is mended.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is thermal-arrest-radiating element structural schematic diagram constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention；
Fig. 2 is thermal-arrest-radiation appliance structural schematic diagram constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention；
Fig. 3 is atmospheric optical spec transmission curve constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention；
Fig. 4 is the radiation refrigeration schematic diagram of selective radiator constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention；
Fig. 5 is the energy diagram of ideal radiator constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of refrigeration system constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention；
Fig. 7 is crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tube cross section structure constructed by preferred embodiment according to the inventionSchematic diagram.
In all the appended drawings, identical appended drawing reference is used to denote the same element or structure, in which:
1- thermal-arrest-radiation appliance 2- heat-exchanger pump 3- gas-liquid separator 4- condenser 5- liquid distribution plate 6- absorber 7- steamsSend out device 8- pressure reducing valve 9-U shape pipe 10- liquid receiver 11- solution heat exchanger 12- solution heating muff 13- crescent moon shaped channelThermal siphon solution elevation tube 14- cold water storage cistern 15- water pump 16- capillary network radiation air-conditioner 17- water supply pump 18- whole-permeable everyThe reflective heat conducting film 21- cooling tube 22- reflective mirror 23- thermal-collecting tube 24- inner tube of scrapping off film 19- selective radiation film 20-25- outer tube -26- crescent or half moon channel
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, rightThe present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, andIt is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described belowNot constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of collection thermal radiation unit constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention,
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram for collecting heat radiation device constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention, such as Fig. 1 and 2Shown, a kind of collection heat radiation device, the device includes bracket sum aggregate thermal radiation unit, which is characterized in that
Bracket is connect with collection thermal radiation unit, is used to support the collection thermal radiation unit；Collecting thermal radiation unit is in tile, packetCollecting part and radiation hot part are included, the tie point around bracket and collection thermal radiation unit rotates, when collecting part is towards the sunLight time, collecting part work, when collecting part makes radiation hot part upward backwards to sunlight, radiation hot part work；
Collecting part includes the reflective mirror 22 of tile and the thermal-collecting tube 23 that the reflective mirror focal point is arranged in, reflective mirror 22Heat is simultaneously gathered on thermal-collecting tube 23 by reflected sunlight heat, with this liquid medium in thermal-collecting tube is heated；
Radiation hot part is arranged in the lower section of collecting part, including cooling tube 21, selective radiation film 19, whole-permeable everyThe back side of reflective mirror 22 is arranged in scrapping off film 18 and reflective heat conducting film 20, cooling tube 21, and selective radiation film 19 is attached to coldBut the surface of pipe 21 absorbs the heat of liquid medium in the cooling tube 21, and then tranmitting frequency is the electromagnetism of 8 μm~13 mu m wavebandsWave, the electromagnetic wave of the wave band penetrates the outside irradiation space heat of atmospheric window, to reduce the temperature of the liquid medium in cooling tubeDegree；Reflective heat conducting film 20 is arranged between cooling tube 21 and selective radiation film 19, need to and ductility good using reflective functionOn the one hand good film avoids the external world from conducting heat to cooling tube, on the other hand passes through cladding for reflecting extraneous electromagnetic waveIn the external contact area increased between cooling tube and selective radiation film of cooling tube, to enhance the cooling tube and choosingIt is thermally conductive between selecting property radiation film；Whole-permeable isolated film is arranged above selective radiation film, is used for radiant heat portionDivide air-isolation, reduces the heat convection between air and selective radiation film；Selective radiation film preferably uses poly- fourFluoroethylene film or polyester film；Foamed material is filled in gap between adjacent cooling tube, for keeping cooling tubeTemperature.
Fig. 3 is atmospheric optical spec transmission curve constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention, as shown in figure 3, atmosphereThere is different transmitances to the radiation of different wave length, in the higher section of transmitance, such as 8~13 mu m wavebands, the electromagnetism of the wave bandWave can be relatively free to penetrate atmosphere, these sections be called on meteorology " window " of atmosphere, and irradiation space freezes justThe phenomenon that being based on " atmospheric window ", by a kind of selective radiator in the way of radiation heat transfer, this radiator 8~13 mu m wavebands have very high emissivity, and are not consuming or consuming a small amount of energy for whole reflections in the radiation of other wavelength periodsIn the case where source, heat is radiated the outer space, to achieve the purpose that refrigeration.Based on this principle, thermal-arrest provided by the inventionRadiation appliance radiates heat into the outer space by the electromagnetic wave that selective radiation film therein emits 8~13 mu m wavebands, fromAnd reach refrigeration purpose.
Fig. 4 is the radiation refrigeration schematic diagram of selective radiator constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention, and Fig. 5 isThe energy diagram of ideal radiator constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, ideally,The constantly outside irradiation space heat of selective radiator, and solar radiation only has sub-fraction energy and is absorbed by radiator, totalThe result is that the heat that radiator is radiate is greater than the energy absorbed, the temperature of radiator is constantly reduced, to reach refrigerationPurpose.Irradiation space refrigeration can obtain ideal refrigeration effect at night, but at this stage since (daytime is to too for the limitation of material100%) reflectivity of sunlight is not accomplished, even if radiator material only has 0.1 absorptivity to the sunlight of short wavelength, absorptionSolar radiation energy has been enough to offset most radiation refrigeration amount, therefore the effect of irradiation space refrigeration is not enough managed on daytimeThink.Original based on this, the present invention wants to combine using collecting part and radiant section, generates heat using the heat of sunlight on daytimeAmount driving refrigerating plant, so that reducing temperature reaches refrigeration effect, and night reduces the temperature in cooling tube using irradiation space,To reach refrigeration effect.
In one embodiment of the invention, thermal-collecting tube 23 uses vacuum tube, and cooling tube 21 uses copper tube, reflective thermally conductiveFilm 20 uses aluminium foil, and selective radiation film 19 uses polytetrafluoroethylene film, and whole-permeable isolated film 18 uses ldpe film.
Collection heat radiation device be followed successively by from convex surface to male and female face ldpe film, polytetrafluoroethylene film, aluminium foil, copper tube,Trough reflectors, vacuum tube.Wherein, vacuum tube is located at the focal point of trough reflectors；Ldpe film has very in 8~13 mu m wavebandsHigh transmissivity completely cuts off air, reduces air and polytetrafluoroethylene film heat convection；Polytetrafluoroethylene film is at 8~13 μmWave band has very high emissivity, passes through atmospheric window space-ward radiations heat energy；It is smeared between polytetrafluoroethylene film and aluminium foilHeat-conducting silicone grease enhances thermally conductive, reduction thermal contact resistance；Aluminium foil is partly wrapped on copper pipe, enhances copper tube and polytetrafluoroethylene filmHeating conduction；Epoxy resin heat-conducting glue is smeared between aluminium foil and copper pipe to fix, and reduces thermal contact resistance；Poly- ammonia is used below copper pipeThe filling heat preservation of ester foaming material.
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of refrigeration system constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention, as shown in fig. 6, oneKind using collection heat radiation device refrigeration system, including collection heat radiation device 1, crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tube 13,Gas-liquid separator 3, condenser 4, solution heat exchanger 11, liquid receiver 10, U-tube 9, evaporator 7, absorber 6,14 and of cold water storage cisternCapillary network radiation air-conditioner 16.Fig. 7 is casing profile structural schematic diagram constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention, is such as schemedShown in 7,13 sets of crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tube is among solution heating muff 12.
Collect the thermal-arrest pipeline of 1 concave surface of heat radiation device after heat-exchanger pump, it is logical with solution heating muff and mososeries respectivelyThe connection of road thermal siphon solution elevation tube constitutes heat source water loop.
Crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tube 13, gas-liquid separator 3, solution heat exchanger 11, absorber 6, decompressionValve 8 constitutes absorbent circuit in absorption system.
Condenser 4, U-tube 9 are connected to evaporator 7, constitute refrigerant line.
The cooling line on collection 1 convex surface of heat radiation device is connected by water supply pump with cold water storage cistern, constitutes refrigerant water loop.
Heat source water loop, absorbent circuit, refrigerant line constitute the solar absorption refrigeration system to work by day；
Refrigerant water loop constitutes night irradiation space refrigeration system.
Crescent moon shaped channel thermal siphon solution elevation tube 13 replaces mechanical pump, reduces system energy consumption.
The solar absorption refrigeration system to work by day and the irradiation space refrigeration system worked at night share sameCold water storage cistern, and cold water storage cistern is connected to capillary network radiation air-conditioner.
Refrigeration system workflow of the invention is as follows: on daytime, thermal-arrest-radiation appliance 1 is concave upright, and sunlight is through collectingIt is focused on thermal-collecting tube 23 after heat-radiation appliance concave reflection.Normal-temperature water in thermal-collecting tube 23, after being heated to 90 DEG C or so,It is divided into two-way and is sent into the sleeve 12 and crescent or half moon type channel riser 13 that heat along riser whole process from bottom respectively through heat-exchanger pump 2It is interior, for heating the LiBr weak solution in channel simultaneously from inside to outside.It is being promoted in tube passage 13, due to crescent or half moon type channel wedge anglePlace can self-assembling formation reinforced solution boiling the nucleus of boiling, weak solution be easy to the hot water laser heating outside by pipe to boil, shapeAt two phase flow, the motive force that then fluid density difference generates in liquid receiver 10 and thermal siphon is promoted to vapour liquid separator 3,The steam separated enters condenser 4 through separator channels and is condensed into water as refrigerant, and solvent portions concentration improves, and is formed dense moltenLiquid.In refrigerant cycle, water as refrigerant enters evaporator 6 by U-tube 9 and evaporates, and concentrated solution enters after over-heat-exchanger 11 to be absorbedDevice absorbs the water as refrigerant of evaporation, and the weak solution after absorption enters liquid receiver 10, circular flow again.At night, thermal-arrest-radiation appliance1 automatic turning becomes convex surface work, and selective radiator can be radiated the heat of chilled water in cooling tube 21 by atmospheric windowTo space, to generate the lower cold water of temperature.Day and night both of which shares same set of chilled-water system, acquisition it is coldWater is used to indoor capillary network radiation air-conditioner, sends to cooling capacity for room.
In addition, the system can also converge solar energy by the concave surface of slot in winter, and the hot water of generation can meet in addition to refrigerationThe part heat demand of user.
The solar absorption refrigeration system to work by day and the irradiation space refrigeration system worked at night share sameCold water storage cistern 14, and cold water storage cistern 14 is connected to capillary network radiation air-conditioner 16, passes through cold water storage cistern and capillary network radiation air-conditioner 16Between carry out heat exchange, capillary network radiation air-conditioner 16 and it is extraneous carry out heat exchange, it is extraneous when the temperature in cold water storage cistern reducesTemperature is lowered, and thus reaches refrigeration effect.
Practical application effect of the invention is further described below in conjunction with specific parameter.
In daytime process of refrigerastion, table 1 is the design parameter for collecting the part-structure of heat radiation device, and table 2 is in refrigerating plantIt is negative can to obtain each heat exchange equipment heat according to parameter value calculation in Tables 1 and 2 for the different parameters value of the members sometime measuredThe flow of lotus and each working media, is specifically shown in Table 3.
Table 1 collects heat radiation device parameter value
The parameter value table of the sometime members of table 2
3 performance parameter value of table
In night process of refrigerastion, the convex configuration for collecting heat radiation device uses material and relevant parameter respectively such as table 4 and table 5It is shown.
4 selective radiation slot associated materials of table
5 selective radiation slot relevant parameter of table
When calculating night refrigerating capacity, if blackbody temperature is 300K, space temperature is 0K, can be approximate according to stefan lawThe radiant power of black matrix unit area is calculated,
PAlways=α T4=5.67 × 108×3004W/m2=459.27W/m2
Since selective radiator is 1 in the emissivity of 8~13 mum wavelengths, the emissivity of commplementary wave length is 0, therefore to thisWave band is integrated, and can be obtained:
The temperature of upper atmosphere (stratosphere) is 220K, therefore selective radiator absorbs the amount of radiation of atmosphere are as follows:
The two subtracts each other to obtain its net refrigerating capacity,
POnly=147.9W/m2-27.4W/m2=120.5W/m2
I.e. ideally night selective radiator unit area refrigerating capacity is 120.5W/m2.It is various cold consideringAfter loss, testing the refrigerating capacity measured is 74.5W/m2, it can be seen that use refrigeration system refrigeration effect provided by the inventionIt is fabulous and close with the refrigerating capacity of theoretical calculation.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to limitThe present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in thisWithin the protection scope of invention.