Seedling maintenance system of accuse temperature soil moisture conservationTechnical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, in particular to a seedling maintenance system capable of controlling temperature and preserving soil moisture.
Background
The Beijing Miyun mountain area has rich physical yield, is especially well known by the forest and fruit industry, and has various varieties of Chinese chestnuts, walnuts, wild jujubes and the like. Because the ecological forest is close to the urban area, the mountain is clear and beautiful in water and environment, and the ecological forest, the economic forest and the primary and secondary forests exist. Is suitable for developing folk-custom travel reception. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of forest and fruit farming. However, the survival rate of the fruit trees in the primary planting cannot reach a satisfactory degree due to large temperature change in the mountainous area.
In the past, fruit trees are usually bred by cutting or grafting and other modes. However, the fruit tree seedlings cultured by the method have poor water retention capacity and nutrient supply capacity and low survival rate. In order to increase the survival rate and shorten the seedling raising period, seedling raising using a nutrient tank has been widely used in agriculture. The conventional nutrition groove adopts a wire mesh as a support, the nutrition groove is filled with nutrient solution, seedlings are placed in a plastic bag or a semi-permeable membrane and placed in the nutrition groove, absorbent paper can be placed in the bag, and the nutrient solution in the nutrition groove can enter the plastic bag or the semi-permeable membrane to be absorbed by the seedlings.
However, the nutrient tank and the cultivation mode are only suitable for soilless culture and are difficult to popularize on a large scale. And is not suitable for culturing fruit trees or forest trees with larger volume. Particularly, a seedling maintenance mode which is simple and convenient to operate and strong in temperature adaptability is needed to be provided in northern mountainous areas.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling maintenance system capable of controlling temperature and preserving soil moisture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a temperature-control soil moisture conservation seedling maintenance system which comprises a nutrition tank positioned below the surface layer of soil, wherein a nutrient solution conveying system is arranged in the nutrition tank.
Preferably, the material of nutrition groove is brick or cement.
Preferably, the cross section of the nutrition groove is a trapezoid with the upper width of 1.0-1.5 m, the lower width of 0.4-0.6 m and the height of 0.4-1 m.
Preferably, the nutrient solution delivery system comprises an irrigation pipeline, a control device, a water adding device and a dosing device,
the irrigation pipeline is respectively connected with the water adding device and the medicine adding device through a guide pipe, a plurality of water outlets are arranged on the irrigation pipeline,
the control equipment is respectively connected with the water adding device and the dosing device through connecting wires and is used for controlling the on-off of the water adding device and the irrigation pipeline and the on-off of the dosing device and the irrigation pipeline.
Preferably, a first switch is arranged at the connection position of the irrigation pipeline and the water adding device, a second switch is arranged at the connection position of the irrigation pipeline and the medicine adding device, the first switch and the second switch are respectively connected with the control equipment through connecting lines, and the control equipment is used for controlling the on-off of the first switch and the second switch.
Preferably, a hair tube is arranged at the water outlet of the irrigation pipeline.
Preferably, an electromagnetic temperature control system is further arranged in the nutrition groove.
Preferably, the electromagnetic temperature control system comprises at least one heating unit, at least one heating coil is arranged in the heating unit, and each heating coil is provided with a corresponding power line, so that the heating coils work independently or simultaneously.
Preferably, the electromagnetic temperature control system further comprises a temperature measuring unit and a control unit,
the temperature measuring unit is used for monitoring the temperature data of each heating area in real time,
the control unit is respectively connected with the heating unit and the temperature measuring unit, and adjusts the working state of the corresponding heating unit according to the actual monitoring value of the temperature measuring unit.
Preferably, the heating unit is located 10-30 cm below the surface layer of soil in the nutrition tank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the nutrient tank is arranged in the field, so that loss caused by scouring of nutrient substances can be avoided, the soil moisture preservation effect of soil is enhanced, and the seedling can be ensured to obtain nutrient supply for a long time. In the preferable scheme of the invention, the nutrition tank is also internally provided with an electromagnetic temperature control system which can control the temperature in the soil in real time and can meet the cultivation requirements of different forests.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a seedling maintenance system with temperature control and soil moisture conservation;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of the heating unit.
In the drawings
1-a nutrition tank;
2-nutrient delivery system;
21-an irrigation pipe;
22-a control device;
23-a water adding device;
231-a first switch;
24-a dosing device;
241-a second switch;
3-electromagnetic temperature control system.
31-a heating unit;
311-a heating coil;
3111-power supply line;
32-a temperature measuring unit;
33-control unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a temperature-controlled soil moisture conservation seedling maintenance system, which comprises a nutrition tank 1 positioned below the surface layer of soil, and a nutrient solution conveying system 2 is arranged in the nutrition tank 1, as shown in figure 1. The nutrition groove 1 is used for placing and storing nutrient substances, and the nutrient substances in the nutrition groove 1 are not washed away by rainwater and irrigation water or are quickly lost due to the loss of soil at the edge because the nutrition groove is positioned below the surface layer of soil, so that the nutrition can be provided for the nursery stock cultivated in the nutrition groove for a long time.
In one embodiment of the invention, the material of the nutrition groove 1 is brick or cement to meet the cultivation requirement of large-volume nursery stocks. The cross section of the nutrition groove 1 can be arc-shaped or trapezoid with wide top and narrow bottom. In the consideration of convenient construction, the section of the nutrition groove 1 is designed to be a trapezoid with the upper width of 1.0-1.5 m, the lower width of 0.4-0.6 m and the height of 0.4-1 m. Of course, the cross-section of the feeding trough 1 may also take other shapes.
In one embodiment of the invention, nutrient delivery system 2 includes irrigation pipe 21, control apparatus 22, watering device 23, and medicating device 24.
The irrigation pipeline 21 is respectively connected with the water adding device 23 and the medicine adding device 24 through guide pipes, and a plurality of water outlets are formed in the irrigation pipeline 21 and used for adding water and medicine to the cultivated nursery stocks. The control device 22 is connected with the water adding device 23 and the medicine adding device 24 through connecting lines respectively, and is used for controlling the on-off of the water adding device 23 and the irrigation pipeline 21 and the on-off of the medicine adding device 24 and the irrigation pipeline 21.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a first switch 231 is disposed at a conduit connection between the irrigation pipe 21 and the watering device 23, a second switch 241 is disposed at a conduit connection between the irrigation pipe 21 and the dosing device 24, the first switch 231 and the second switch 241 are respectively connected to the control device 22 through connection lines, and the control device 22 is configured to control on/off of the first switch 231 and the second switch 241.
When the irrigation device is used specifically, the irrigation pipe 21 is positioned above the surface layer of the soil, and the water adding device 23 and the medicine adding device 24 can be placed at positions higher than the irrigation pipe 21. When the nursery stock needs to be irrigated, the control device 22 controls the first switch 231 to be switched on, and the water in the water adding device 23 can be discharged from a plurality of water outlets formed in the irrigation pipeline 21 by utilizing the pressure generated by the water adding device. When fertilization is needed, the control device 22 controls the second switch 241 to be turned on, and the liquid medicine in the medicine adding device 24 can be discharged from the water outlet. A pressurizing device may be provided between irrigation pipe 21 and watering device 23 for pressurizing the liquid in irrigation pipe 21. Any one of the pipelines can also be provided with components such as a water pressure sensor, a control valve, a pump and the like, and the components are used for detecting the water pressure of each part of the pipeline and controlling the on-off of the pipeline.
In one embodiment of the invention, a hair tube is provided at the outlet of the irrigation pipe 21. The water inlet end of the hair tube is connected with the water outlet of the irrigation pipeline 21, and the water outlet end of the hair tube is positioned at the upper end of the root of the seedling. Specifically, the plastic pipes which are thin like the hairlines are arranged on the surface of the irrigation pipe 21, water is dripped out of the hairlines through the irrigation pipe 21, the flow rate is moderate, the irrigation uniformity is high, and the service life is long.
In an embodiment of the invention, an electromagnetic temperature control system 3 is further arranged in the nutrition tank 1 and is used for realizing temperature control and soil moisture conservation in the nutrition tank 1.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the electromagnetic temperature control system 3 includes at least one heating unit 31, at least one heating coil 311 is disposed in the heating unit 31, and each heating coil 311 corresponds to a different region in the heating unit 31. According to fig. 2, four heating coils 311 are provided in one heating unit 31. In addition, each heating coil 311 has a corresponding power supply line 3111, which allows the respective heating coils 311 to be operated individually or simultaneously. The heating state of the heating unit 31 can be adjusted according to different requirements, and the aims of energy conservation, environmental protection and obvious heating effect are achieved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the heating coil 311 may be formed by winding a continuous heating wire, and the heating coil 311 has a circular shape. In the same heating unit 31, more than two heating coils 311 are uniformly distributed, so that the cross section of the corresponding heating unit 31 is also circular. Of course, the heating coil 311 and the heating unit 31 may also be designed in other ways. In order to avoid heat loss, the heating unit 31 may be disposed 10-30 cm below the surface layer of the soil in the nutrition tank 1.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnetic temperature control system 3 further comprises a temperature measurement unit 32 and a control unit 33. Wherein,
the temperature measuring unit 32 is used for monitoring the temperature data of each heating area in real time. The control unit 33 is respectively connected with the heating unit 31 and the temperature measuring unit 32, compares the actual monitoring value of the temperature measuring unit 32 with the preset heating temperature of the heating unit 31, and adjusts the working state of the corresponding heating unit 31.
Examples
And (4) trial pointing at the pear tree ditch village in stone town of Miyun county, and applying the maintenance system to jujube tree cultivation. The nutrition tank 1 is built by adopting bricks or cement boards with the thickness of 5 cm.
The cross section of the nutrition groove 1 is a trapezoid with the upper width of 1.0-1.5 m, the lower width of 0.4-0.6 m and the height of 0.8 m. The width of the working channel between the grooves is 0.4m, the length of the nutrition groove is 10m, and the direction is preferably the north-south direction. Nutrient soil is laid in the nutrient tank 1. The nutrient soil is at least one of peat soil, garden soil and leaf mold soil, and is added with a slow release fertilizer, and the weight ratio of the soil to the fertilizer is about 7: 3.
11 jujube seedlings are planted in each row in the same nutrition groove 1, and the grafting and management mode of the nutrition groove seedlings is the same as that of container seedlings. Water adding, medicine adding and temperature control are carried out through the nutrient solution conveying system 2 and the electromagnetic temperature control system 3. The nutrient tank seedlings can be provided with nutrient soil or not when going out of the nursery. And adding nutrient soil after seedling emergence for next seedling culture.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.