Leather substance, artificial grain layer and the processing method formed based on artificial grain layerTechnical field
The leather material of surface layer production is granulated the present invention relates to the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundle, by the peopleMaterial.
Background technique
Leather is common product in people's daily life, currently, leather mainly includes leather and simulated leather." coriumLeather " refers to the product made of animal dermis, with the development of industry, it has been developed that the simulated leather of many forms, simulated leatherIt usually uses cloth made of chemical fibre as substrate, then is covered with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc. with PU, PVC or other resinous materials in the one side of the above substrateOr the method for paste layer, a kind of product in appearance like leather is made, this kind of product is also referred to as: artificial leather, synthetic leather etc..
" leather " is to form tool after a series of physics and chemical process processing with the skin stripped down with animalThere is certain acidproof, alkaline-resisting, wet-hot aging performance leather.It eliminates almost all of non-fibrous material, maintains collagenous fiber bundleOriginal woven condition and structure.
Say that leather is divided into two layers from level: grain layer and lamina reticularis, the collagenous fibres in grain layer and lamina reticularisBeam either fineness degree, compactness extent and type of weave is different, and the collagenous fiber bundle of grain layer is thin, and grain layer is by subreticulateLaminated collagenous fibres beam diameter is generally at ten microns hereinafter, grain layer is got over closer to the laminated collagenous fiber bundle of epidermisCarefully, it knits that angle is smaller closer to the collagenous fiber bundle of epidermis in grain layer, and is gradually parallel to the surface of epidermis, fiberIt weaves also even closer.
During processing leather, after epidermis and hair removing, grain layer surface shows roughness, likeness in form creamHead, so grain layer is also referred to as papillaris pars, therefore, the rough shape of leather is also formed the day of leather finished productThis feature of right decorative pattern；The lamina reticularis collagenous fibres beam ratio grain layer of leather is coarse, the diameter of the collagenous fiber bundle of lamina reticularisAt 20-150 microns and braiding is close, and type of weave is generally divided into three classes: diamond weave, Curved braiding, waveform braiding, becauseThis lamina reticularis is to constitute and play major part and effect of the leather with mechanics strengths such as tear-proof.Grain layer and lamina reticularisBetween linked together by the collagenous fiber bundle for weaving loosely, also someone is referred to as transition zone.
The component of leather is mainly collagenous fiber bundle, also containing a small amount of other elastomers, reticular fibre, sweatGland, blood vessel etc., therefore, the various performances of leather each depend on the grain layer in collagenous fiber bundle, especially leather to peopleThe compatibility of body, comfort, from extremely fine and smooth collagenous fiber bundle.The process that collagenous fiber bundle is formed is as follows: procollagenMolecule → protofibril (diameter 1.2-1.7nm) → subfibril (diameter 3-5nm) → fibrinogen (the general 20nm of diameter) → thinFiber (2-5 μm of diameter) → collagenous fiber bundle (20-150 μm of diameter).
In to rawhide treatment process, due to being processed the limitation of technique, the grain layer of the leather of meeting after treatmentIn there are still elastomer, reticular fibre, sweat gland, blood vessel etc..And Animal Skin all more or less have disability, whileIt saves and will also result in certain defect in process, such as stab, asperities, drawn grain, loose side, dyeing defect, therefore, in order to useNeeds, most of leather needs eliminate above-mentioned defect by having a shave, make leather flatness high, smooth, easyproIt fits.
In order to preferably utilize the collagenous fiber bundle in leather, present someone discongests leather leftover pieces etc.,It is recycled after combing.Collagenous fiber bundle has the characteristics that the more to comb the more thin shorter, and the thinner collagenous fiber bundle the shorter, and branch also gets overIt is more, and merely stated that in the documents such as existing textbook, patent document, paper collagenous fiber bundle combing is imitative to that can makeThe state of leather substrate, and always nobody thought or accomplished repeatedly to comb collagenous fiber bundle or by existing slurryingThe fineness that technique makes collagenous fiber bundle reach or approach leather grain layer collagenous fiber bundle carrys out making artificial grain layer, allows artificialGrain layer and the structure of grain layer in leather and performance are extremely approximate.
In existing technology, " the similar grain layer " seen in simulated leather is made by plastic raw materials such as PU, PVCIt forms, such as discloses a kind of non-woven base of collagenous fibres in the patent document that Chinese Patent Application No. is 201210072419.9Material surface treatment method, it is first that collagenous fibres nonwoven substrates surface fiber in homogeneous thickness processing is flat thin, reproduce one layer of classThen grain layer successively carries out water spray light on class grain layer, makes leather lines, processing pliability and flatness, finally usesCommon process does surface color processing to class grain layer and surface is emphasized to handle.The present invention has the advantages that this method avoids oftenRule make face in substrate surface using release paper delivery medium, this product close to corium head layer effect, show leather appearance andCharacter, simple process and low cost, product obtained no matter substrate or used in any material reach outlet and it is interiorThe environmental requirement for selling market reaches resistance to dry, wet-milling and wipes, and the leathers physical index such as tortuous, cold-resistant complications of resistance to room temperature reaches detectionWet friction standard 200 times, 4-5 grades of Bearable dry and wet wipe.It also discloses the class grain layer simultaneously to manufacture in accordance with the following methods: by classGrain layer raw material is equably smoothed out with roll coater in substrate surface, mends roller roller coating 2-5g/sf with scraping for the first time, roller coating the again after doingIt is secondary, with No. 17 roller roller coating 10-20g/sf, it is obvious that the grain layer for making non-leather at present is made of chemical raw materialIt forms, using this grain layer, although can copy the grain layer in leather in appearance, its comfort, environment-friendly type etc. cannotReach the requirement of grain layer in leather.Moreover, the collagen after never utilization on the books is discongested, combed in the prior art is fineDimension beam forms the collagenous fiber bundle close to leather grain layer fineness to make and the extremely approximate people of leather grain layer performanceIt is granulated surface layer and its leather substance.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention, which is to provide, a kind of to be formed based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundleLeather substance, the structure remake artificial grain layer using the collagenous fiber bundle in leather and then form leather with bottomMaterial makes performance, structure, appearance and the grain layer of leather of artificial grain layer in leather substance extremely approximate, to improveThe comfort of leather substance, compatibility are made of chemical material " grain layers " and right to solve alternative leather various at presentThe defects of comfort property of human body is poor, compatibility is poor.
The second object of the present invention, which is to provide, a kind of to be formed based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundleThe processing method of leather substance, using the processing method, simple process and low cost, and can allow production artificial grain layer propertyEnergy, structure, appearance and the grain layer of leather are extremely approximate, to improve comfort, the compatibility of leather substance.It is current to solveIt is various it is alternative leather be made of chemical material " grain layer " and it is poor, compatibility is poor to the comfort property of human body the defects of.
The third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of using based on the artificial grain layer shape processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundleAt leather substance processing method made from leather substance, utilize the processing method processing the leather with artificial grain layerThe performance of artificial grain layer in material, structure, appearance and the grain layer of leather are extremely approximate, to improve relaxing for leather substanceAdaptive, compatibility.With solve alternative leather various at present be made of chemical material " grain layer " and to the comfort of human bodyCan be poor, compatibility is poor the defects of.
The fourth object of the present invention be to provide it is a kind of based on processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundle artificial the inside layer,
To reach above-mentioned first purpose, the leather material that is formed based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundleMaterial, including artificial grain layer and bottom, artificial grain layer include very thin collagenous fiber bundle, the very thin collagen in artificial grain layer is fineDimension beam and its branch intertwine with each other, and the fineness of the very thin collagenous fiber bundle main body in artificial grain layer is less than the master of fiber in bottomBody.
The leather substance of above structure is logical using the collagenous fiber bundle extracted from leather or leather leftover piecesIt crosses combing and forms very thin collagenous fiber bundle, the fineness of the very thin collagenous fiber bundle is less than the collagenous fiber bundle of production lamina reticularis at presentFineness, by repeatedly comb and/or existing pulping process make collagenous fiber bundle reach or approach the fineness of leather grain layer comeMaking artificial grain layer, the very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch allowed in artificial grain layer are intertwine with each other, and allow artificial grain layerLeather substance is formed in conjunction with bottom, the people is granulated collagenous fiber bundle of the raw material sources of surface layer in leather, and non-existingThe plastic chemistries raw material such as PU, PVC in technology, therefore, artificial grain layer in leather substance such as comfort, compatibility, thoroughlyThe performances such as gas, hygroscopicity, structure, appearance and the grain layer in leather are extremely approximate, and it is equal to solve alternative leather various at presentIt is made of chemical material " grain layer " and causes that comfort property is poor, compatibility is poor, permeability is poor, moisture pick-up properties difference etc. lacksIt falls into.
In the prior art, collagenous fiber bundle is only fabricated to base fabric, forms alternative leather, need to lead in base fabricThe structure that the plastic materials such as PU, PVC form similar grain layer is crossed, and always nobody goes to consider by repeatedly combing and/or existingThe fineness for having pulping process that collagenous fiber bundle is made to reach or approach leather grain layer carrys out making artificial grain layer.
Further, artificial grain layer and bottom are compounded to form by gluing.The simple process, and its performance and leatherIt is extremely approximate.
Further, entanglement someone is granulated very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch in surface layer on bottom.Due to the bottom of atTangling in layer has very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch, therefore, makes the bond strength of bottom and artificial grain layer higher, so that skinThe mechanical property for removing from office material is good.
Further, bottom is woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven cloth.
Further, enhancement layer is equipped between artificial grain layer and bottom.Since artificial grain layer is with very thin collagenFibre bundle is formed and intertwineing with each other, if tension is not achieved in bottom when the performances such as splitting, it is whole to improve to need to increase enhancement layerThe tension of a leather substance such as splits at the performances.
Further, the enhancement layer is woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven cloth.
Further, artificial grain layer distinguishes networking overlapping by the very thin collagenous fiber bundle of two layers or more of different finenessVery thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch is set to intertwine with each other to be formed together, artificial grain layer is from bottom to the one side far from bottomThe fineness of very thin collagenous fiber bundle is gradually reduced.Using this structure, grain in the structure and leather of artificial grain layer is allowedThe structure of layer is extremely approximate, simultaneously as the thickness of very thin collagenous fiber bundle successively changes, on the one hand improves artificial grain layerIntensity, on the other hand allow artificial grain layer surface more fine and smooth, comfortable.
To reach above-mentioned second purpose, a kind of leather formed based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundleThe processing method of material, includes the following steps:
(1) very thin collagenous fiber bundle is made；
(2) the very thin collagenous fiber bundle networking of production is utilized；
(3) leather substance including artificial grain layer and bottom is processed by water jet process, artificial grain layer includes fibreThin collagenous fiber bundle, very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch in artificial grain layer are intertwine with each other, very thin in artificial grain layerThe fineness of collagenous fiber bundle main body is less than the main body of fiber in bottom.
Above-mentioned processing method, by by animal dermis leather or animal dermis remove from office leftover pieces by discongest, repeatedly combing and/orThe step of the step of the step of existing pulping process forms very thin collagenous fiber bundle, networking and spun lacing, forms leather material of the inventionMaterial, therefore, simple process and low cost.
The leather substance formed by above-mentioned processing method is passed through using the collagenous fiber bundle extracted from leatherCombing forms very thin collagenous fiber bundle and is fabricated to artificial grain layer, allows very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch in artificial grain layerIt intertwine with each other, and artificial grain layer is allowed to form leather substance in conjunction with bottom, the people is granulated the raw material sources and leather of surface layerIn collagenous fiber bundle, rather than the plastic chemistries raw material such as PU, PVC in the prior art, therefore, the artificial grain in leather substanceSuch as comfort of layer, compatibility, gas permeability, hygroscopicity performance, structure, appearance and the grain layer in leather are extremely approximate,Moreover, the artificial grain layer of the structure is compared with existing emulation grain layer, since very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch mutually twineKnot, therefore the people is granulated surface layer and splits in tension, is higher than existing emulation grain layer in the performances such as intensity, solves current various generationsIt is made of chemical material " grain layer " with leather and causes that comfort property is poor, compatibility is poor, permeability is poor, moisture pick-up propertiesThe defects of poor.
In the prior art, collagenous fiber bundle is only fabricated to base fabric, forms alternative leather, need to lead in base fabricThe structure that the plastic materials such as PU, PVC form similar grain layer is crossed, and always nobody goes to consider by repeatedly combing and/or existingThe fineness for having pulping process that collagenous fiber bundle is made to reach or approach leather grain layer carrys out making artificial grain layer.
Further, the step of making very thin collagenous fiber bundle are as follows:
A. raw material screening: various animal dermis is selected to remove from office or animal dermis leather leftover pieces；
B. liquid defibering: collagenous fiber bundle point is carried out by be put into the fiber uncoiling machine for fill liquid by the raw material for the processing that eases backSolution is extracted；
C. it drains shredding: water extrusion is made into collagenous fiber bundle by drying press by the collagenous fiber bundle decomposited in b stepIn moisture content between 35%-40%, pre- shredding is carried out to collagenous fiber bundle by the opener of weaving；
D. it dries: natural drying, vacuum drying or heated-air drying will be passed through by the collagenous fiber bundle of pre- shredding in step cThe method collagenous fiber bundle good to the above shredding be dried.
E. it combs: above together combing and/or existing slurrying is carried out to the collagenous fiber bundle in Step d by carding machineTechnique makes the continuous longitudinal splitting of collagenous fiber bundle obtain very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
Pre- shredding is carried out to collagenous fiber bundle, can allow collagenous fiber bundle is more thorough to become very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
Further, networking is carried out to very thin collagenous fiber bundle using wet-laying or dry laying processes.
Further, the manufacturing process of step (3) are as follows: very thin glue is allowed by water jet process after very thin collagenous fiber bundle networkingFibrinogen beam and its branch intertwine with each other to form artificial grain layer, then the side that the bottom made is compound by gluingFormula forms leather substance in conjunction with artificial grain layer.
Further, the manufacturing process of step (3) are as follows: the bottom made is provided, very thin collagenous fiber bundle is spreadBe located on bottom or be laid with very thin collagenous fiber bundle then be laid with bottom, then by water jet process allow very thin collagenous fiber bundle andIts branch intertwine with each other in artificial grain layer itself, meanwhile, the very thin collagenous fiber bundle in part and its branch are entangled on bottom.In this way, very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch can be entangled on bottom, the intensity of the leather substance is allowed to be improved.
Further, the manufacturing process of step (3) are as follows: by the textile fabric place Min layers of very thin collagenous fiber bundle and bottomIf then allow very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch to intertwine with each other in artificial grain layer itself by water jet process, meanwhile, portionVery thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch is divided to be entangled on bottom.In this way, allowing very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch that can be entangled to bottomOn layer, the intensity of the leather substance is allowed to be improved.
Further, the very thin collagenous fiber bundle for being overlapped laying different thicknesses up and down by more than two lappers is formedTwo layers or more of very thin collagenous fiber bundle layer, then forms artificial grain net by water jet process, makes one to be granulated surface layer from bottomFineness to the very thin collagenous fiber bundle of the one side far from bottom is gradually reduced.The artificial grain layer formed by the technique, allowsThe thickness of very thin collagenous fiber bundle of the one side of artificial grain layer to another side is tapered, and allows the structure of artificial grain layer and trueThe structure of grain layer in leather is extremely approximate, simultaneously as the thickness of very thin collagenous fiber bundle successively changes, on the one hand improvesOn the other hand the intensity of artificial grain layer allows artificial grain layer surface more fine and smooth, comfortable.
To reach above-mentioned third purpose, a kind of leather formed based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundleMaterial is made using the processing method of the above-mentioned leather substance formed based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundleThe leather substance that the artificial grain layer formed and bottom are collectively formed is intertwine with each other by very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch, it is artificialThe fineness of very thin collagenous fiber bundle main body in grain layer is less than the main body of fiber in bottom.
The leather substance formed by above-mentioned processing method is passed through using the collagenous fiber bundle extracted from leatherCombing forms very thin collagenous fiber bundle and is fabricated to artificial grain layer, allows very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch in artificial grain layerIt intertwine with each other, and artificial grain layer is allowed to form leather substance in conjunction with bottom, the people is granulated the raw material sources of surface layer in leatherIn collagenous fiber bundle, rather than the plastic chemistries raw material such as PU, PVC in the prior art, therefore, the artificial grain in leather substanceSuch as comfort of layer, compatibility, gas permeability, hygroscopicity performance, structure, appearance and the grain layer in leather are extremely approximate,Moreover, the artificial grain layer of the structure is compared with existing emulation grain layer, since very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch mutually twineKnot, therefore the people is granulated surface layer and splits in tension, is higher than existing emulation grain layer in the performances such as intensity, solves current various generationsIt is made of chemical material " grain layer " with leather and causes that comfort property is poor, compatibility is poor, permeability is poor, moisture pick-up propertiesThe defects of poor.
In the prior art, collagenous fiber bundle is only fabricated to base fabric, forms alternative leather, need to lead in base fabricThe structure that the plastic materials such as PU, PVC form similar grain layer is crossed, and always nobody goes to consider by repeatedly combing and/or existingThe fineness for having pulping process that collagenous fiber bundle is made to reach or approach leather grain layer carrys out making artificial grain layer.
It is further, a kind of based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundle, including very thin collagenous fiber bundle,Very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch intertwine with each other, and the main fineness of very thin collagenous fiber bundle is less than 15 μm.
The artificial grain layer of above structure utilizes the collagenous fiber bundle extracted from leather or leather leftover piecesVery thin collagenous fiber bundle is formed by combing, which makes glue by repeatedly combing and/or existing pulping processThe fineness that fibrinogen beam reaches or approaches leather grain layer carrys out making artificial grain layer, allows very thin collagen in artificial grain layerFibre bundle and its branch intertwine with each other, and the people is granulated collagenous fiber bundle of the raw material sources of surface layer in leather, and non-existingThe plastic chemistries raw material such as PU, PVC in technology, therefore, in artificial grain layer such as comfort, compatibility, gas permeability, hygroscopicityEtc. performances, structure, appearance and the grain layer in leather are extremely approximate, solve at present it is various it is alternative leather be by chemical materialManufactured " grain layer " and cause the defects of comfort property is poor, compatibility is poor, permeability is poor, moisture pick-up properties is poor.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the present inventor is granulated surface layer.
Fig. 2 is the side schematic view that the present inventor is granulated surface layer.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the first structure of leather substance.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of second of structure of leather substance.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the third structure of leather substance.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment 1.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the leather substance formed based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundle includesArtificial grain layer 100 and the bottom 2 combined with artificial grain layer 100, artificial grain layer 100 include very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200,Very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200 and its branch 201 in artificial grain layer 100 are intertwine with each other, the very thin glue in artificial grain layer 100The fineness of fibrinogen beam main body is less than the main body of fiber in bottom, and the fineness of very thin collagenous fiber bundle main body is less than 15um.
It can be also possible to have weight percent in artificial grain layer in artificial grain layer with all very thin collagenous fiber bundlesFor 50% or more very thin collagenous fiber bundle, others are other fibers in addition to very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
In the present embodiment, artificial grain layer 100 is compounded to form with bottom 2 by gluing.Bottom 2 is woven fabric, knittingObject or non-woven cloth.
Processing method based on the leather substance that the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundle is formed are as follows:
(1) very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200 is made.Specific step:
A. raw material screening: various animal dermis is selected to remove from office or leather leftover pieces.
B. the processing that eases back is carried out to the raw material of screening: rotary drum will be put into after the raw material shearing in step a, then according to raw materialWater is added in humidity, so that the water content of raw material is reached 65%-75%, can be added in a little leather industries in the water of addition and commonly returnEmulsifier used in humectant, softening treasured and leather industry.
C. liquid defibering: collagenous fiber bundle point is carried out by be put into the fiber uncoiling machine for fill liquid by the raw material for the processing that eases backSolution is extracted；The fiber uncoiling machine is existing equipment, be may also be referred to as liquid opening machine, then this is repeated no more.
D. it drains shredding: water extrusion is made into collagenous fiber bundle by drying press by the collagenous fiber bundle decomposited in step cIn moisture content between 35%-40%, pre- three to five road of shredding is carried out to collagenous fiber bundle by the opener of weaving.?In the present invention, drying press is existing equipment.
E. it dries: natural drying, vacuum drying or heated-air drying will be passed through by the collagenous fiber bundle of pre- shredding in Step dThe method collagenous fiber bundle good to the above shredding be dried.
F. it combs: the combing above together is carried out to the collagenous fiber bundle in step e by the roller and clearer card of wool spinningAnd/or existing pulping process, so that the continuous longitudinal splitting of collagenous fiber bundle is obtained very thin collagenous fiber bundle, in carding process to the greatest extentAmount reduces the transverse breakage of collagenous fiber bundle, is maximally maintained the length of collagenous fiber bundle, to reach this requirement, per passThe needle cloth of machine, cylinder, working roll used in combing will gradually become smaller from width.
(2) the very thin collagenous fiber bundle networking of production is utilized；In utilizing very thin collagenous fiber bundle net process, due to fibreThin collagenous fiber bundle is thin and short, is difficult to realize with dry-lay techniques, it is therefore preferable that wet-laying, is also not exclusively by certainlyDry-laying.
(3) after very thin collagenous fiber bundle networking, very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch are intertwine with each other by water jet processForm artificial grain layer.In this step, 2 to 5 road spun lacings are generally carried out, spun lacing pressure cannot be too high, and per pass spun lacing pressure is answered10 between 60bar.
Then artificial grain layer obtained is compounded to form leather substance by gluing with the bottom made.
Above-mentioned processing method, by by animal dermis leather or leather leftover pieces by discongest, repeatedly combing and/or it is existingPulping process forms the step of the step of the step of very thin collagenous fiber bundle, networking and spun lacing and forms leather substance of the invention,Therefore, simple process and low cost.It is that collagenous fiber bundle is allowed to be more easier to be discongested out to the raw material processing that ease back, to glueThe pre- shredding of fibrinogen Shu Jinhang can allow collagenous fiber bundle is more thorough to become very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
The leather substance formed by above-mentioned processing method is passed through using the collagenous fiber bundle extracted from leatherRepeatedly combing or/and pulping process form very thin collagenous fiber bundle and are fabricated to artificial grain layer, allow very thin in artificial grain layerCollagenous fiber bundle and its branch intertwine with each other, and artificial grain layer is allowed to form leather substance in conjunction with bottom, and the people is granulated surface layerCollagenous fiber bundle of the raw material sources in leather, rather than the plastic chemistries raw material such as PU, PVC in the prior art, therefore, skinRemove from office such as comfort of artificial grain layer in material, compatibility, gas permeability, hygroscopicity performance, structure, in appearance and leatherGrain layer it is extremely approximate, moreover, the artificial grain layer of the structure is compared with existing emulation grain layer, due to very thin collagenous fibresBeam and its branch intertwine with each other, therefore the people is granulated surface layer and splits in tension, is higher than existing emulation grain layer in the performances such as intensity,Solving alternative leather various at present is made of chemical material " grain layer " and causes that comfort property is poor, compatibility is poor, saturatingThe defects of gas performance is poor, moisture pick-up properties is poor.
In the prior art, collagenous fiber bundle is only fabricated to base fabric, forms alternative leather, need to lead in base fabricThe structure that the plastic materials such as PU, PVC form similar grain layer is crossed, and always nobody goes to consider by repeatedly combing and/or existingThe fineness for having pulping process that collagenous fiber bundle is made to reach or approach leather grain layer carrys out making artificial grain layer.
Alternatively embodiment can also be mixed into artificial grain layer on a small quantity except other of very thin collagenous fiber bundle are fineDimension and non-fibrous material, non-fibrous material can be the change for passing through the existing leather industries such as impregnation acrylic acid, amino resins classWork material.
Certainly, as shown in figure 5, the mechanical properties such as splitting to improve the tension of leather substance, can artificial grain layer 100 withCompound one layer of enhancement layer 3 is bonded between bottom 2.The enhancement layer is woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven cloth.
Artificial grain layer, which can also be, distinguishes networking overlapping by the very thin collagenous fiber bundle of two layers or more of different finenessIt intertwine with each other very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch to be formed through water jet process together, artificial grain layer is from bottom to the bottom of far fromThe fineness of the very thin collagenous fiber bundle of the one side of layer is gradually reduced.
Embodiment 2.
As shown in Fig. 1 to 3 and Fig. 6, the leather substance that is formed based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundleIncluding artificial grain layer 100 and the bottom 2 combined with artificial grain layer 100, artificial grain layer 100 includes very thin collagenous fiber bundle200, very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200 and its branch 201 in artificial grain layer 100 are intertwine with each other, the fibre in artificial grain layer 100The fineness of thin collagenous fiber bundle main body is less than the main body of fiber in bottom, and the fineness of very thin collagenous fiber bundle main body is less than 15um.
It can be also possible to have weight percent in artificial grain layer in artificial grain layer with all very thin collagenous fiber bundlesFor 50% or more very thin collagenous fiber bundle, others are other fibers in addition to very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
In the present embodiment, entanglement someone is granulated very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200 and its branch in surface layer on bottom 2201.Bottom 2 is woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven cloth.
The processing method of leather substance based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundle are as follows:
(1) very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200 is made.Specific step:
A. raw material screening: various animal dermis is selected to remove from office or leather leftover pieces.
B. the processing that eases back is carried out to the raw material of screening: rotary drum will be put into after the raw material shearing in step a, then according to raw materialWater is added in humidity, so that the water content of raw material is reached 65%-75%, can be added in a little leather industries in the water of addition and commonly returnEmulsifier used in humectant, softening treasured and leather industry.
C. liquid defibering: collagenous fiber bundle point is carried out by be put into the fiber uncoiling machine for fill liquid by the raw material for the processing that eases backSolution is extracted；The fiber uncoiling machine is existing equipment, be may also be referred to as liquid opening machine, then this is repeated no more.
D. it drains shredding: water extrusion is made into collagenous fiber bundle by drying press by the collagenous fiber bundle decomposited in step cIn moisture content between 35%-40%, pre- three to five road of shredding is carried out to collagenous fiber bundle by the opener of weaving.?In the present invention, drying press is existing equipment.
E. it dries: natural drying, vacuum drying or heated-air drying will be passed through by the collagenous fiber bundle of pre- shredding in Step dThe method collagenous fiber bundle good to the above shredding be dried.
F. it combs: the combing above together is carried out to the collagenous fiber bundle in step e by the roller and clearer card of wool spinningAnd/or existing pulping process, so that the continuous longitudinal splitting of collagenous fiber bundle is obtained very thin collagenous fiber bundle, in carding process to the greatest extentAmount reduces the transverse breakage of collagenous fiber bundle, is maximally maintained the length of collagenous fiber bundle, to reach this requirement, per passThe needle cloth of machine, cylinder, working roll used in combing will gradually become smaller from width.
(2) the very thin collagenous fiber bundle networking of production is utilized；First the bottom made is laid, it is then sharp on bottomWith the very thin collagenous fiber bundle networking of following methods, it is of course also possible to first with the very thin collagenous fiber bundle networking of following methods,Then it is laid with the bottom made.
In utilizing very thin collagenous fiber bundle net process, since very thin collagenous fiber bundle is thin and short, with dry-laying skillArt is difficult to realize, it is therefore preferable that wet-laying, is also not exclusively by dry-laying certainly.
(3) after very thin collagenous fiber bundle networking, very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch are intertwine with each other by water jet processArtificial grain layer is formed, while under the action of spun lacing, very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch can also be entangled on bottom, be formedArtificial grain layer and the entangled leather substance of bottom.In this way, the combination of bottom and artificial grain layer is more reliable, mentionThe mechanical properties such as high intensity.In this step, 2 to 5 road spun lacings are generally carried out, spun lacing pressure cannot be too high, per pass spun lacing pressurePower should be 10 between 60bar.
Above-mentioned processing method, by by animal dermis leather or leather leftover pieces by discongest, repeatedly combing and/or it is existingPulping process forms the step of the step of the step of very thin collagenous fiber bundle, networking and spun lacing and forms leather substance of the invention,Therefore, simple process and low cost.It is that collagenous fiber bundle is allowed to be more easier to be discongested out to the raw material processing that ease back, to glueThe pre- shredding of fibrinogen Shu Jinhang can allow collagenous fiber bundle is more thorough to become very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
The leather substance formed by above-mentioned processing method is passed through using the collagenous fiber bundle extracted from leatherRepeatedly combing or/and pulping process form very thin collagenous fiber bundle and are fabricated to artificial grain layer, allow very thin in artificial grain layerCollagenous fiber bundle and its branch intertwine with each other, and artificial grain layer is allowed to form leather substance in conjunction with bottom, and the people is granulated surface layerCollagenous fiber bundle of the raw material sources in leather, rather than the plastic chemistries raw material such as PU, PVC in the prior art, therefore, skinRemove from office such as comfort of artificial grain layer in material, compatibility, gas permeability, hygroscopicity performance, structure, in appearance and leatherGrain layer it is extremely approximate, moreover, the artificial grain layer of the structure is compared with existing emulation grain layer, due to very thin collagenous fibresBeam and its branch intertwine with each other, therefore the people is granulated surface layer and splits in tension, is higher than existing emulation grain layer in the performances such as intensity,Solving alternative leather various at present is made of chemical material " grain layer " and causes that comfort property is poor, compatibility is poor, saturatingThe defects of gas performance is poor, moisture pick-up properties is poor.
In the prior art, collagenous fiber bundle is only fabricated to base fabric, forms alternative leather, need to lead in base fabricThe structure that the plastic materials such as PU, PVC form similar grain layer is crossed, and always nobody goes to consider by repeatedly combing and/or existingThe fineness for having pulping process that collagenous fiber bundle is made to reach or approach leather grain layer carrys out making artificial grain layer.
Alternatively embodiment can also be mixed into artificial grain layer on a small quantity except other of very thin collagenous fiber bundle are fineDimension and non-fibrous material, non-fibrous material can be the change for passing through the existing leather industries such as impregnation acrylic acid, amino resins classWork material.
Certainly, the mechanical properties such as split to improve the tension of leather substance, it can be between artificial grain layer 100 and bottom 2It is bonded compound one layer of enhancement layer 3.The enhancement layer is woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven cloth.In process, above-mentionedIn step (2), the enhancement layer made is laid between bottom and the net as formed by very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
Artificial grain layer, which can also be, distinguishes networking overlapping by the very thin collagenous fiber bundle of two layers or more of different finenessIt intertwine with each other very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch to be formed through water jet process together, artificial grain layer is from bottom to the bottom of far fromThe fineness of the very thin collagenous fiber bundle of the one side of layer is gradually reduced.
Embodiment 3.
It include artificial grain layer 100 based on the leather substance formed is processed by artificial grain layer as shown in Fig. 1 to 3 and Fig. 6With the bottom 2 combined with artificial grain layer 100, artificial grain layer 100 includes very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200, artificial grain layer 100In very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200 and its branch 201 intertwine with each other, the very thin collagenous fiber bundle main body in artificial grain layer 100Fineness be less than the main body of fiber in bottom, the fineness of very thin collagenous fiber bundle main body is less than 15um.
It can be also possible to have weight percent in artificial grain layer in artificial grain layer with all very thin collagenous fiber bundlesFor 50% or more very thin collagenous fiber bundle, others are other fibers in addition to very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
In the present embodiment, entanglement someone is granulated very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200 and its branch in surface layer on bottom 2201.Bottom 2 is woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven cloth.
Processing method based on the leather substance processed by artificial grain layer are as follows:
(1) very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200 is made.Specific step:
A. raw material screening: various animal dermis is selected to remove from office or leather leftover pieces.
B. the processing that eases back is carried out to the raw material of screening: rotary drum will be put into after the raw material shearing in step a, then according to raw materialWater is added in humidity, so that the water content of raw material is reached 65%-75%, can be added in a little leather industries in the water of addition and commonly returnEmulsifier used in humectant, softening treasured and leather industry.
C. liquid defibering: collagenous fiber bundle point is carried out by be put into the fiber uncoiling machine for fill liquid by the raw material for the processing that eases backSolution is extracted；The fiber uncoiling machine is existing equipment, be may also be referred to as liquid opening machine, then this is repeated no more.
D. it drains shredding: water extrusion is made into collagenous fiber bundle by drying press by the collagenous fiber bundle decomposited in step cIn moisture content between 35%-40%, pre- three to five road of shredding is carried out to collagenous fiber bundle by the opener of weaving.?In the present invention, drying press is existing equipment.
E. it dries: natural drying, vacuum drying or heated-air drying will be passed through by the collagenous fiber bundle of pre- shredding in Step dThe method collagenous fiber bundle good to the above shredding be dried.
F. it combs: the combing above together is carried out to the collagenous fiber bundle in step e by the roller and clearer card of wool spinningAnd/or existing pulping process, so that the continuous longitudinal splitting of collagenous fiber bundle is obtained very thin collagenous fiber bundle, in carding process to the greatest extentAmount reduces the transverse breakage of collagenous fiber bundle, is maximally maintained the length of collagenous fiber bundle, to reach this requirement, per passThe needle cloth of machine, cylinder, working roll used in combing will gradually become smaller from width.
(2) the very thin collagenous fiber bundle networking of production is utilized；First textile fabric used in bottom is laid, is then existedThe very thin collagenous fiber bundle networking of following methods is utilized on bottom, it is of course also possible to fine with very thin collagen first with following methodsBeam networking is tieed up, textile fabric used in bottom is then laid with.
In utilizing very thin collagenous fiber bundle net process, since very thin collagenous fiber bundle is thin and short, with dry-laying skillArt is difficult to realize, it is therefore preferable that wet-laying, is also not exclusively by dry-laying certainly.
(3) entangled by bottom and artificial grain layer by water jet process after very thin collagenous fiber bundle networking, simultaneouslyUnder the action of spun lacing, very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch in artificial grain layer are intertwine with each other, very thin collagenous fiber bundle andIts branch can also be entangled on bottom, form artificial grain layer and the entangled leather substance of bottom.In this way, bottom and peopleThe combination for being granulated surface layer is more reliable, improves the mechanical properties such as intensity.In this step, 2 to 5 road spun lacings are generally carried out.
Above-mentioned processing method, by by animal dermis leather or leather leftover pieces by discongest, repeatedly combing and/or it is existingPulping process forms the step of the step of the step of very thin collagenous fiber bundle, networking and spun lacing and forms leather substance of the invention,Therefore, simple process and low cost.It is that collagenous fiber bundle is allowed to be more easier to be discongested out to the raw material processing that ease back, to glueThe pre- shredding of fibrinogen Shu Jinhang can allow collagenous fiber bundle is more thorough to become very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
The leather substance formed by above-mentioned processing method is passed through using the collagenous fiber bundle extracted from leatherRepeatedly combing or/and existing pulping process form very thin collagenous fiber bundle and are fabricated to artificial grain layer, allow in artificial grain layerVery thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch intertwine with each other, and artificial grain layer is allowed to form leather substance in conjunction with bottom, and the people is granulatedCollagenous fiber bundle of the raw material sources of surface layer in leather, rather than the plastic chemistries raw material such as PU, PVC in the prior art, becauseThis, such as comfort of the artificial grain layer in leather substance, compatibility, gas permeability, hygroscopicity performance, structure, appearance and trueGrain layer in leather is extremely approximate, moreover, the artificial grain layer of the structure is compared with existing emulation grain layer, due to very thin glueFibrinogen beam and its branch intertwine with each other, therefore the people is granulated surface layer and splits in tension, is higher than existing emulation in the performances such as intensityGrain layer, solving alternative leather various at present is made of chemical material " grain layer " and causes comfort property poor, affineThe defects of property is poor, permeability is poor, moisture pick-up properties is poor.
In the prior art, collagenous fiber bundle is only fabricated to base fabric, forms alternative leather, need to lead in base fabricThe structure that the plastic materials such as PU, PVC form similar grain layer is crossed, and always nobody goes to consider by repeatedly combing and/or existingThe fineness for having pulping process that collagenous fiber bundle is made to reach or approach leather grain layer carrys out making artificial grain layer.
Alternatively embodiment can also be mixed into artificial grain layer on a small quantity except other of very thin collagenous fiber bundle are fineDimension and non-fibrous material, non-fibrous material can be the change for passing through the existing leather industries such as impregnation acrylic acid, amino resins classWork material.
Certainly, the mechanical properties such as split to improve the tension of leather substance, it can be between artificial grain layer 100 and bottom 2It is bonded compound one layer of enhancement layer 3.The enhancement layer is woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven cloth.In process, above-mentionedIn step (2), by the material-paving of enhancement layer between bottom and the net as formed by very thin collagenous fiber bundle.
Artificial grain layer, which can also be, distinguishes networking overlapping by the very thin collagenous fiber bundle of two layers or more of different finenessIt intertwine with each other very thin collagenous fiber bundle and its branch to be formed through water jet process together, artificial grain layer is from bottom to the bottom of far fromThe fineness of the very thin collagenous fiber bundle of the one side of layer is gradually reduced.
Embodiment 4.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of based on the artificial grain layer processed by very thin collagenous fiber bundle, including very thin collagenFibre bundle 200, very thin collagenous fiber bundle 200 and its branch 201 intertwine with each other, and the main fineness of very thin collagenous fiber bundle is less than 15μm。
The artificial grain layer of above structure utilizes the collagenous fiber bundle extracted from leather or leather leftover piecesVery thin collagenous fiber bundle is formed by combing, which makes glue by repeatedly combing and/or existing pulping processThe fineness that fibrinogen beam reaches or approaches leather grain layer carrys out making artificial grain layer, allows very thin collagen in artificial grain layerFibre bundle and its branch intertwine with each other, and the people is granulated collagenous fiber bundle of the raw material sources of surface layer in leather, and non-existingThe plastic chemistries raw material such as PU, PVC in technology, therefore, in artificial grain layer such as comfort, compatibility, gas permeability, hygroscopicityEtc. performances, structure, appearance and the grain layer in leather are extremely approximate, solve at present it is various it is alternative leather be by chemical materialManufactured " grain layer " and cause the defects of comfort property is poor, compatibility is poor, permeability is poor, moisture pick-up properties is poor.