技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种光度计，特别涉及一种导光毛细管光度仪。The invention relates to a photometer, in particular to a light guide capillary photometer.
背景技术Background technique
光度分析仪被广泛用于检测液体(或气体)样品的成份(即微量物质含量)(Sensors andActuators B,vol.191,2014,561-566；Annu.Rev.Anal.Chem.,vol.5,2012,1-14)，其工作原理是：把待测样品置于透明比色皿(或毛细管)中，探测光通过待测样品，从而检测待测样品对探测光的吸收光谱(即分光光度计)，或检测待测样品辐射的荧光光谱(即荧光光度计或荧光仪)。Photometric analyzers are widely used to detect the composition (ie trace substance content) of liquid (or gas) samples (Sensors and Actuators B, vol.191, 2014, 561-566; Annu.Rev.Anal.Chem., vol.5, 2012, 1-14), its working principle is: place the sample to be tested in a transparent cuvette (or capillary), and the probe light passes through the sample to be tested, thereby detecting the absorption spectrum (i.e. spectrophotometry) of the sample to be tested to the probe light meter), or detect the fluorescence spectrum radiated by the sample to be tested (i.e., a fluorescence photometer or a fluorometer).
传统导光毛细管存在以下缺点：1.对于特氟龙毛细管，其导光原理是利用特氟龙材质与水溶液之间的微小折射率差(1.3与1.33)，来实现将约束光束，当毛细管弯曲时光束极易泄露出毛细管；2.对于金属毛细管，其内壁对光束的反射损耗较大，会导致较大的传输损耗，而且金属管内壁的光滑起伏与光程之间的关系复杂，光程调节困难；3.对于光子晶体光纤毛细管，需要加工细微的孔洞，工艺复杂，而且待测液很难注入细孔内(通常需要采用液压泵)。The traditional light guide capillary has the following disadvantages: 1. For the Teflon capillary, its light guide principle is to use the small refractive index difference (1.3 and 1.33) between the Teflon material and the aqueous solution to realize the confinement of the light beam. When the capillary bends 2. For the metal capillary, the reflection loss of the inner wall of the light beam is relatively large, which will lead to a large transmission loss, and the relationship between the smooth undulation of the inner wall of the metal tube and the optical path is complicated. Difficult to adjust; 3. For the photonic crystal fiber capillary, fine holes need to be processed, the process is complex, and the liquid to be tested is difficult to inject into the fine holes (usually a hydraulic pump is required).
为了提高检测精度，需要增加比色皿的厚度，即增加待测样品与探测光的相互作用长度(该长度称为“吸光长度”或“传输光程”，以下简称“光程”)，这会使比色皿体积增大、需求的样品量增多。为此，美国“World Precision Instruments”公司发明了基于特氟龙材质的导光毛细管，以取代比色皿(SPIE,vol.3856,1999,271-281)，但是长的毛细管内易于堆积气泡。中国发明专利CN 104515743 A公开了一种基于导光金属毛细管的光度分析仪，利用金属毛细管来取代比色皿。由于探测光在金属毛细管中的非线性传输，其传输光程可以远大于毛细管的物理长度，从而提高了检测精度。但是，金属表面存在反射损耗，如何降低反射损耗，以获得长的光程，需要进一步优化波导结构。In order to improve the detection accuracy, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the cuvette, that is, to increase the interaction length between the sample to be measured and the probe light (this length is called "absorption length" or "transmission optical path", hereinafter referred to as "optical path"), which This will increase the volume of the cuvette and increase the amount of sample required. For this reason, the United States "World Precision Instruments" company invented a light guide capillary based on Teflon to replace the cuvette (SPIE, vol. 3856, 1999, 271-281), but the long capillary is easy to accumulate air bubbles. Chinese invention patent CN 104515743 A discloses a photometric analyzer based on a light-guiding metal capillary, which uses a metal capillary to replace a cuvette. Due to the nonlinear transmission of the probe light in the metal capillary, its transmission optical path can be much longer than the physical length of the capillary, thereby improving the detection accuracy. However, there is reflection loss on the metal surface. How to reduce the reflection loss to obtain a long optical path requires further optimization of the waveguide structure.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服上述现有技术之不足，提供一种导光毛细管光度仪。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and provide a light-guiding capillary photometer.
本发明提供的一种导光毛细管光度仪的主要技术方案为：The main technical scheme of a light-guiding capillary photometer provided by the invention is:
包括光源、光探测器、外部导光毛细管和用于装载测试样品的至少一个内部导光毛细管，所述外部导光毛细管套设在内部导光毛细管的外部，且与内部导光毛细管留有间隙，所述间隙内填充有光疏介质，光源发射的探测光在内部导光毛细管侧壁全反射被约束在含有测试样品的内部导光毛细管中传输，所述的光探测器接收由所述的导光毛细管射出的探测光或荧光。It includes a light source, a photodetector, an external light-guiding capillary and at least one internal light-guiding capillary for loading a test sample, the external light-guiding capillary is sleeved on the outside of the internal light-guiding capillary, and there is a gap with the internal light-guiding capillary , the gap is filled with light-thinning medium, the probe light emitted by the light source is totally reflected by the side wall of the internal light-guiding capillary and is confined to transmit in the internal light-guiding capillary containing the test sample, and the light detector is received by the light-guiding capillary The probe light or fluorescence emitted by the light guide capillary.
本发明提供的一种导光毛细管光度仪，还包括如下附属技术方案：A light-guiding capillary photometer provided by the present invention also includes the following subsidiary technical solutions:
其中，所述内部导光毛细管仅包括一个，该内部导光毛细管与所述外部导光毛细管同心设置。Wherein, the inner light-guiding capillary only includes one, and the inner light-guiding capillary is arranged concentrically with the outer light-guiding capillary.
其中，所述内部导光毛细管包括多个，多个内部导光毛细管相互间隔且相互平行的设置在外部导光毛细管内。Wherein, the inner light-guiding capillary includes a plurality of inner light-guiding capillaries, and the plurality of inner light-guiding capillaries are arranged in the outer light-guiding capillary at intervals and parallel to each other.
其中，所述外部导光毛细管的内壁与内部导光毛细管的外壁之间的间隙大于50纳米，各内部导光毛细管之间的间隙大于50纳米。Wherein, the gap between the inner wall of the outer light-guiding capillary and the outer wall of the inner light-guiding capillary is greater than 50 nanometers, and the gap between each inner light-guiding capillary is greater than 50 nanometers.
其中，所述内部导光毛细管为透明结构，包括石英毛细管、玻璃毛细管、特氟龙毛细管、塑料毛细管中的任意一种；所述外部导光毛细管为透明结构或非透明结构，包括玻璃毛细管、塑料毛细管、金属毛细管中的任意一种。Wherein, the internal light guide capillary is a transparent structure, including any one of quartz capillary, glass capillary, Teflon capillary, plastic capillary; the outer light guide capillary is a transparent structure or non-transparent structure, including glass capillary, Either plastic capillary or metal capillary.
其中，所述内部导光毛细管内径为0.01～10mm，壁厚小于10mm。Wherein, the inner diameter of the internal light guide capillary is 0.01-10mm, and the wall thickness is less than 10mm.
其中，所述光疏介质为真空或空气。Wherein, the optically thinning medium is vacuum or air.
其中，所述外部导光毛细管两端分别设置有反光装置，光源发射的探测光经两个反光装置反射被约束在导光毛细管内往复传输多次后，入射至所述光探测器；或测试样品产生的荧光入射至所述光探测器。Wherein, the two ends of the external light-guiding capillary are respectively provided with light-reflecting devices, and the detection light emitted by the light source is reflected by the two light-reflecting devices and is restrained in the light-guiding capillary for multiple times of reciprocating transmission before entering the light detector; or testing Fluorescence generated by the sample is incident on the photodetector.
其中，所述内部导光毛细管靠近光源的一端设置有第一反光装置，所述外部导光毛细管靠近光探测器的一端设置有第二反光装置，第一反光装置上设置有探测光入口；第二反光装置上设置有探测光出口，光源发射的探测光经所述探测光入口入射至所述内部导光毛细管，光探测器接收由所述内部导光毛细管射出的光线；Wherein, the end of the internal light guide capillary close to the light source is provided with a first reflective device, the end of the external light guide capillary close to the photodetector is provided with a second reflective device, and the first reflective device is provided with a detection light entrance; The second reflective device is provided with a detection light outlet, the detection light emitted by the light source enters the internal light guide capillary through the detection light entrance, and the light detector receives the light emitted from the internal light guide capillary;
或者，所述第二反光装置为表面完整的平面结构，测试样品在探测光激发下，产生荧光，荧光透过所述第二反光装置入射至所述光探测器。Alternatively, the second reflective device is a planar structure with a complete surface, and the test sample generates fluorescence when excited by the detection light, and the fluorescent light enters the photodetector through the second reflective device.
其中，所述第二反光装置和光探测器之间还设置有小孔光阑，光探测器接收由该小孔光阑射出的探测光或荧光；Wherein, a small hole diaphragm is also arranged between the second light reflecting device and the photodetector, and the photodetector receives the detection light or fluorescence emitted by the small hole diaphragm;
所述小孔光阑包括孔径为0.01～3mm透孔。The aperture diaphragm includes a through hole with an aperture of 0.01-3mm.
采用本发明提供的一种导光毛细管光度仪包括以下技术效果：Adopt a kind of light guide capillary photometer provided by the invention to comprise following technical effect:
1.与特氟龙毛细管相比，本发明的嵌套毛细管是通过毛细管缝隙来约束光束，其折射率差可以达到0.33(即1.0与1.33)，全反射临界角降为48.8°，因此约束能力大幅增强，可以较大幅度的弯曲毛细管；1. Compared with the Teflon capillary, the nested capillary of the present invention confines the light beam through the capillary gap, and its refractive index difference can reach 0.33 (that is, 1.0 and 1.33), and the critical angle of total reflection is reduced to 48.8°, so the confinement ability Significantly enhanced, the capillary can be bent more significantly;
2.与金属毛细管相比，这种缝隙界面可实现无损耗全反射，从而降低传输损耗；2. Compared with metal capillary, this slit interface can realize lossless total reflection, thereby reducing transmission loss;
3.与光子晶体光纤相比，具有结构简单、样品流通快的特点；3. Compared with photonic crystal fiber, it has the characteristics of simple structure and fast sample flow;
4.在毛细管端面设置反光装置和小孔光阑，可以进一步优化光束的传输与探测。4. A reflective device and a small aperture diaphragm are installed on the end face of the capillary to further optimize the transmission and detection of the light beam.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例采用的第一种导光毛细管的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first light guide capillary used in the embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例采用的第一种导光毛细管的截面示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first light guide capillary used in the embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例采用的第二种导光毛细管的截面示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second light guiding capillary used in an embodiment of the present invention.
图4是本发明实施例采用的一种吸光光度计结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an absorbance photometer used in the embodiment of the present invention.
图5是本发明实施例采用的另一种荧光光度计结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another fluorescence photometer used in the embodiment of the present invention.
1、内部导光毛细管，2、外部导光毛细管，3、毛细管间距，4、光源，5、光探测器，6、探测光，7、第一反光装置，8、第二反光装置，9、小孔光阑，10、荧光。1. Internal light guide capillary, 2. External light guide capillary, 3. Capillary distance, 4. Light source, 5. Photodetector, 6. Detection light, 7. First reflector, 8. Second reflector, 9. Aperture diaphragm, 10, fluorescence.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合实施例以及附图对本发明加以详细说明，需要指出的是，所描述的实施例仅旨在便于对本发明的理解，而对其不起任何限定作用。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, rather than limiting it in any way.
根据本申请的一种导光毛细管光度仪，包括光源4、光探测器5、外部导光毛细管2和用于装载测试样品的内部导光毛细管1，所述内部导光毛细管1至少包括一个，所述外部导光毛细管2套设在各内部导光毛细管1外部，且与各内部导光毛细管1留有间隙，所述间隙内填充有光疏介质，光源4发射的探测光6在内部导光毛细管1侧壁全反射被约束在含有测试样品的内部导光毛细管1中传输，所述的光探测器5接收由所述的导光毛细管射出的探测光6或荧光10。A light-guiding capillary photometer according to the present application includes a light source 4, a photodetector 5, an external light-guiding capillary 2 and an internal light-guiding capillary 1 for loading a test sample, and the internal light-guiding capillary 1 includes at least one, The external light-guiding capillary 2 is sleeved on the outside of each internal light-guiding capillary 1, and there is a gap with each internal light-guiding capillary 1, the gap is filled with an optical thinning medium, and the probe light 6 emitted by the light source 4 is guided inside. The total reflection of the side wall of the light capillary 1 is confined to transmit in the internal light guide capillary 1 containing the test sample, and the photodetector 5 receives the probe light 6 or fluorescent light 10 emitted from the light guide capillary.
其中，内部导光毛细管1可以仅包括一个，该内部导光毛细管1与所述外部导光毛细管2同心设置。或者，内部导光毛细管1包括多个，多个内部导光毛细管1相互间隔且相互平行的设置在外部导光毛细管2内。Wherein, the inner light guiding capillary 1 may only include one, and the inner light guiding capillary 1 is arranged concentrically with the outer light guiding capillary 2 . Alternatively, the inner light-guiding capillary 1 includes a plurality of internal light-guiding capillaries 1 , which are arranged in the outer light-guiding capillary 2 at intervals and parallel to each other.
其中，所述外部导光毛细管2的内壁与内部导光毛细管1的外壁之间的间隙大于50纳米，各内部导光毛细管1之间的间隙大于50纳米。Wherein, the gap between the inner wall of the outer light-guiding capillary 2 and the outer wall of the inner light-guiding capillary 1 is greater than 50 nanometers, and the gap between each inner light-guiding capillary 1 is greater than 50 nanometers.
其中，所述内部导光毛细管1为透明结构，包括石英毛细管、玻璃毛细管、特氟龙毛细管、塑料毛细管中的任意一种；所述外部导光毛细管2为透明结构或非透明结构，包括玻璃毛细管、塑料毛细管、金属毛细管中的任意一种。Wherein, the inner light-guiding capillary 1 is a transparent structure, including any one of quartz capillary, glass capillary, Teflon capillary, and plastic capillary; the outer light-guiding capillary 2 is a transparent or non-transparent structure, including glass Any of capillary, plastic capillary, and metal capillary.
其中，所述内部导光毛细管1的内径为0.01～10mm，壁厚小于10mm。Wherein, the internal diameter of the internal light guide capillary 1 is 0.01-10mm, and the wall thickness is less than 10mm.
其中，所述光疏介质为真空或空气。Wherein, the optically thinning medium is vacuum or air.
其中，所述外部导光毛细管2两端分别设置有反光装置，光源4发射的探测光6经两个反光装置反射被约束在导光毛细管内往复传输多次后，入射至所述光探测器5；或测试样品产生的荧光10入射至所述光探测器5。Wherein, the two ends of the external light-guiding capillary 2 are respectively provided with light-reflecting devices, and the detection light 6 emitted by the light source 4 is reflected by the two light-reflecting devices and is restrained in the light-guiding capillary for multiple times of reciprocating transmission before being incident on the photodetector. 5; or the fluorescence 10 generated by the test sample is incident on the photodetector 5 .
导光毛细管由多个相互嵌套的毛细管组成，毛细管之间存在缝隙，这使得探测光6在毛细管侧壁发生全反射，从而将光束约束在含有待测液体的内部毛细管中传输。The light guide capillary is composed of multiple nested capillaries, and there are gaps between the capillaries, which makes the probe light 6 totally reflected on the side wall of the capillary, thereby confining the light beam to be transmitted in the internal capillary containing the liquid to be measured.
探测光6与待测样品在内部毛细管中传输，由于待测样品通常为水溶液(其光学折射率约1.33)，毛细管缝隙内通常为气体或真空(其折射率约1.0)；当光束入射角θ大于临界角48.8°时{sin(48.8)＝1.0/1.33}，光束在毛细管外壁与空气的界面发生全反射，使得光束返回毛细管内，不会泄露到毛细管外。即便是不同侧壁厚度的毛细管，其全反射条件也保持不变。The probe light 6 and the sample to be tested are transmitted in the internal capillary. Since the sample to be tested is usually an aqueous solution (its optical refractive index is about 1.33), the gap in the capillary is usually gas or vacuum (its refractive index is about 1.0); when the beam incident angle θ When the critical angle is greater than 48.8° {sin(48.8)=1.0/1.33}, the light beam is totally reflected at the interface between the outer wall of the capillary and the air, so that the light beam returns to the capillary without leaking out of the capillary. Even for capillaries with different sidewall thicknesses, the total reflection conditions remain the same.
其中，所述内部导光毛细管1靠近光源4的一端设置有第一反光装置7，所述外部导光毛细管2靠近光探测器5的一端设置有第二反光装置8，第一反光装置7上设置有探测光入口；第二反光装置8上设置有探测光出口，光源4发射的探测光6经所述探测光入口入射至所述内部导光毛细管1，光探测器5接收由所述内部导光毛细管1射出的光线；Wherein, the end of the internal light guide capillary 1 close to the light source 4 is provided with a first reflector 7, and the end of the external light guide capillary 2 close to the photodetector 5 is provided with a second reflector 8, on the first reflector 7 A detection light entrance is provided; a detection light exit is provided on the second reflection device 8, and the detection light 6 emitted by the light source 4 enters the internal light guide capillary 1 through the detection light entrance, and the light detector 5 receives the light from the internal The light emitted by the light guide capillary 1;
或者，所述第二反光装置8为表面完整的平面结构，测试样品在探测光6激发下，产生荧光10，荧光10透过所述第二反光装置8入射至所述光探测器5。Alternatively, the second reflective device 8 is a planar structure with a complete surface, and the test sample generates fluorescence 10 under the excitation of the probe light 6 , and the fluorescent light 10 passes through the second reflective device 8 and enters the photodetector 5 .
光源4发射的探测光6经两个反光装置反射被约束在导光毛细管1内往复多次传输；The detection light 6 emitted by the light source 4 is reflected by two reflective devices and is confined in the light guide capillary 1 to reciprocate and transmit multiple times;
在导光毛细管1的一端或两端设有反光装置，使得光源4发射的探测光6被约束在毛细管内来回反射传输，从而提高光程，增加检测灵敏度。A reflective device is provided at one or both ends of the light guide capillary 1, so that the detection light 6 emitted by the light source 4 is confined in the capillary and reflected and transmitted back and forth, thereby increasing the optical path and increasing the detection sensitivity.
其中，光源4发射的探测光6，经导内含有待测样品的光毛细管中传输，然后探测光6或由探测光6激发而产生的荧光10被光探测器5接收。Wherein, the detection light 6 emitted by the light source 4 is transmitted through the light capillary containing the sample to be measured, and then the detection light 6 or the fluorescence 10 excited by the detection light 6 is received by the photodetector 5 .
探测光入口的小孔的孔径为0.001～10mm，并且可以通过调节小孔的大小，来调节探测光6在导光毛细管1内来回反射的平均次数，从而调节光程大小。The aperture of the small hole at the entrance of the detection light is 0.001-10mm, and the average number of times the detection light 6 is reflected back and forth in the light guide capillary 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the small hole, thereby adjusting the size of the optical path.
其中，第一反光装置7和第二反光装置8均为平面结构，两者平行设置，所述内部导光毛细管1长度方向与所述平面结构表面相垂直或成一定角度设置。两反光装置分别由光学介质膜或金属膜构成，用于反射探测光6；两反光装置分别与内部导光毛细管1相应端的端面之间的间隙小于10mm，优选地，间隙小于5mm。Wherein, the first reflective device 7 and the second reflective device 8 are planar structures, and they are arranged in parallel, and the length direction of the internal light guide capillary 1 is perpendicular to the surface of the planar structure or arranged at a certain angle. The two light-reflecting devices are composed of optical dielectric film or metal film respectively, and are used to reflect the detection light 6; the gap between the two light-reflecting devices and the corresponding ends of the internal light-guiding capillary 1 is less than 10mm, preferably, the gap is less than 5mm.
其中，内部导光毛细管1的内径为0.01～10mm，优选地，导光毛细管1的内径为0.1～5mm；导光毛细管1内壁光滑、并可以反射光束，从而使得探测光6或荧光10被约束在毛细管内传输。Wherein, the inner diameter of the internal light-guiding capillary 1 is 0.01-10 mm, preferably, the inner diameter of the light-guiding capillary 1 is 0.1-5 mm; the inner wall of the light-guiding capillary 1 is smooth and can reflect light beams, so that the probe light 6 or fluorescent light 10 is constrained transport within the capillary.
其中，第二反光装置8和光探测器5之间还设置有小孔光阑9，光探测器5接收由该小孔光阑9射出的探测光或荧光10；小孔光阑9包括孔径为0.01～3mm的透孔，优选地，透孔的孔径为0.05～1mm。Wherein, between the second reflection device 8 and the photodetector 5, a small aperture stop 9 is also arranged, and the photodetector 5 receives the detection light or fluorescent light 10 emitted by the small hole stop 9; the small hole stop 9 includes an aperture of The through hole is 0.01-3 mm, preferably, the diameter of the through hole is 0.05-1 mm.
其中，小孔光阑9位置可调的设置在第二反光装置8背侧，光探测器5对应小孔光阑9的透孔设置。Wherein, the position of the aperture diaphragm 9 is adjustable and arranged on the back side of the second light reflecting device 8 , and the light detector 5 is arranged corresponding to the through hole of the aperture aperture 9 .
小孔光阑9可有选择的接收光束，即特定角度的光束才能通过光阑小孔，屏蔽其他角度的光束。由于光源4发出的探测光6有一定的发散角，而且毛细管侧壁并非完全光滑，因此光束在传输过程中会发散，不同的发散角会导致不同的光程。通过改变小孔的大小和位置，可以探测到不同发散角的光束，从而优化检测灵敏度。当光探测器5的入光面积小于或等于光阑小孔面积时，该光阑可以省去，即光探测器5接收的光束大小，等于或小于光阑的小孔面积，因此无需光阑限制光束。The aperture diaphragm 9 can selectively receive light beams, that is, only beams of specific angles can pass through the aperture of the diaphragm, and beams of other angles can be shielded. Since the probe light 6 emitted by the light source 4 has a certain divergence angle, and the side wall of the capillary is not completely smooth, the light beam will diverge during transmission, and different divergence angles will result in different optical paths. By changing the size and position of the pinhole, beams with different divergence angles can be detected, thereby optimizing the detection sensitivity. When the light incident area of the photodetector 5 is less than or equal to the area of the aperture of the diaphragm, the diaphragm can be omitted, that is, the size of the light beam received by the photodetector 5 is equal to or smaller than the area of the aperture of the diaphragm, so no diaphragm is needed Limit the beam.
实施例1Example 1
如图1和图2所示，将石英毛细管1，其外径为R1，塞入特氟龙毛细管2内，其内径为R2，作为导光毛细管。其中R2大于R1，毛细管间距3等于(R2-R1)/2，间距为20微米。两根毛细管的间隙充满空气。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the quartz capillary 1, whose outer diameter is R1, is inserted into the Teflon capillary 2, whose inner diameter is R2, as a light guide capillary. Where R2 is greater than R1, the capillary spacing 3 is equal to (R2-R1)/2, and the spacing is 20 microns. The gap between the two capillaries is filled with air.
如图4所示，当光源4发出的探测光6，经过反光装置7的小孔，进入石英毛细管中。石英毛细管内填充待测液，待测液折射率约为1.33，毛细管缝隙间距3内填充着空气，空气折射率约为1.0。由于光束从高折射率材质(待测液)入射到低折射率材质(空气)，只要光束的入射角大于临界角(此时的临界角为48.8°)即可发生全反射，使得光束无法穿透石英毛细管外壁，从而将探测光约束在石英毛细管内传输。As shown in FIG. 4 , when the probe light 6 emitted by the light source 4 passes through the small hole of the reflection device 7 , it enters the quartz capillary. The quartz capillary is filled with the liquid to be tested, and the refractive index of the liquid to be tested is about 1.33, and the space between the capillary gaps 3 is filled with air, and the refractive index of the air is about 1.0. Since the light beam is incident from a high-refractive-index material (liquid to be tested) to a low-refractive-index material (air), as long as the incident angle of the light beam is greater than the critical angle (at this time, the critical angle is 48.8°), total reflection can occur, making the light beam unable to pass through. Through the outer wall of the quartz capillary, the detection light is confined and transmitted in the quartz capillary.
如图4所示，由于毛细管两端分别放置着两个带孔的反光装置(第一反光装置7与第二反光装置8)，当探测光6抵达反光装置8时，入射到小孔外的光束，会被第二反光装置8反射回第一反光装置7。类似的，当探测光6抵达第一反光装置7时，入射到小孔外的光束，也会被第一反光装置7反射回去。因此，部分探测光，会在两个反光装置之间来回反射传输，从而增加光程、增加检测灵敏度。As shown in Figure 4, since two reflective devices with holes (the first reflective device 7 and the second reflective device 8) are respectively placed at both ends of the capillary, when the probe light 6 reaches the reflective device 8, the incident light outside the small hole The light beam will be reflected back to the first light reflecting device 7 by the second light reflecting device 8 . Similarly, when the detection light 6 reaches the first light reflecting device 7 , the light beam incident outside the small hole will also be reflected back by the first light reflecting device 7 . Therefore, part of the detection light will be reflected and transmitted back and forth between the two light reflecting devices, thereby increasing the optical path and increasing the detection sensitivity.
如图4所示，光探测器5接收探测光6，该光束从第二反光装置8的小孔内透出，光探测器的入光面之前设有小孔光阑9。光阑9可以有选择的接收探测光，只有特定角度的探测光才能通过小孔，其他角度的探测光被屏蔽。As shown in FIG. 4 , the photodetector 5 receives the probing light 6 , and the light beam passes through the small hole of the second light reflecting device 8 , and a small hole diaphragm 9 is arranged before the light incident surface of the photodetector. The diaphragm 9 can selectively receive the detection light, only the detection light from a specific angle can pass through the small hole, and the detection light from other angles is shielded.
如图4所示，光探测器接收到的光强度，与石英毛细管内待测液的吸光系数有关，通过测试光强度变化，可以获知待测液的成份。As shown in Figure 4, the light intensity received by the photodetector is related to the absorption coefficient of the liquid to be tested in the quartz capillary, and the composition of the liquid to be tested can be known by measuring the change in light intensity.
实施例2Example 2
如图1和图2所示，将石英毛细管1其外径为R1，塞入金属毛细管2内，其内径为R2，作为导光毛细管。其中R2大于R1，毛细管间距3等于(R2-R1)/2，间距为1mm。两根毛细管的间隙抽成真空。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the quartz capillary 1 with an outer diameter of R1 is inserted into a metal capillary 2 with an inner diameter of R2 as a light guide capillary. Where R2 is greater than R1, the capillary spacing 3 is equal to (R2-R1)/2, and the spacing is 1 mm. The gap between the two capillaries is evacuated.
如图5所示，当光源4发出的光束6，经过反光装置7的小孔，进入石英毛细管中。由于石英毛细管内存在待测液(待测液折射率约为1.33)，而毛细管间隙为真空(真空折射率为1.0)。由于光束从高折射率材质(待测液)入射到低折射率材质(空气)，只要光束的入射角大于临界角(此时的临界角为48.8°)即可发生全反射，使得光束无法穿透石英毛细管外壁，从而将探测光约束在石英毛细管内传输。As shown in FIG. 5 , when the light beam 6 emitted by the light source 4 passes through the small hole of the reflective device 7 , it enters the quartz capillary. Since the liquid to be tested exists in the quartz capillary (the refractive index of the liquid to be tested is about 1.33), and the capillary gap is a vacuum (the refractive index of the vacuum is 1.0). Since the light beam is incident from a high-refractive-index material (liquid to be tested) to a low-refractive-index material (air), as long as the incident angle of the light beam is greater than the critical angle (at this time, the critical angle is 48.8°), total reflection can occur, making the light beam unable to pass through. Through the outer wall of the quartz capillary, the detection light is confined and transmitted in the quartz capillary.
如图5所示，由于毛细管两端分别放置着两个反光装置，即带孔的第一反光装置7与无孔的第二反光装置8，当探测光6抵达第二反光装置8时，会被第二反光装置8反射回第一反光装置7。当光束6抵达第一反光装置7时，入射到小孔外的光束，会被第一反光装置7反射回去。因此，部分探测光，可以在两个反光装置之间来回反射传输，从而增加光程、增加光与待测液的相互作用长度、增加检测灵敏度。As shown in Figure 5, since two reflective devices are respectively placed at both ends of the capillary, i.e. the first reflective device 7 with a hole and the second reflective device 8 without a hole, when the probe light 6 reaches the second reflective device 8, it will It is reflected back to the first light reflecting device 7 by the second light reflecting device 8 . When the light beam 6 reaches the first light reflecting device 7 , the light beam incident on the outside of the small hole will be reflected back by the first light reflecting device 7 . Therefore, part of the detection light can be reflected and transmitted back and forth between the two light reflecting devices, thereby increasing the optical path, increasing the interaction length between the light and the liquid to be tested, and increasing the detection sensitivity.
如图5所示，光探测器5接收待测液产生的荧光(该荧光从第二反光装置8透出)，光探测器的前面设置一个小孔光阑9。光阑9可以有选择的接收荧光，只有特定角度的荧光才能通过小孔(屏蔽其他角度的荧光)。其中第二反光装置8是介质膜反光装置(类似长波通的带通反光装置)，可以反射探测光6(阻碍探测光的通过)，并可以透过荧光10。As shown in FIG. 5 , the photodetector 5 receives the fluorescence generated by the liquid to be tested (the fluorescence is transmitted through the second reflector 8 ), and a small hole diaphragm 9 is arranged in front of the photodetector. The diaphragm 9 can selectively receive fluorescence, and only fluorescence at a specific angle can pass through the small hole (shielding fluorescence at other angles). Wherein the second reflective device 8 is a dielectric film reflective device (similar to a long-wave pass band-pass reflective device), which can reflect the detection light 6 (impede the passage of the detection light), and can pass through the fluorescent light 10 .
如图5所示，探测光6传输通过含有待测液的石英毛细管，待测液在探测光6的激发下(即待测液吸收探测光)会幅射出荧光10。该荧光10的波长大于探测光6的波长，因此荧光可以透过第二反光装置8，而探测光无法通过第二反光装置8。从而，光探测器5只接收荧光10，并通过荧光的强度，获知待测液中荧光物质的含量。As shown in FIG. 5 , the detection light 6 is transmitted through the quartz capillary containing the liquid to be tested, and the liquid to be tested will radiate fluorescence 10 under the excitation of the detection light 6 (that is, the liquid to be tested absorbs the detection light). The wavelength of the fluorescent light 10 is greater than that of the detection light 6 , so the fluorescent light can pass through the second light reflecting device 8 , but the detection light cannot pass through the second light reflecting device 8 . Therefore, the photodetector 5 only receives the fluorescent light 10, and obtains the content of the fluorescent substance in the liquid to be tested through the intensity of the fluorescent light.
以上所述实施例，只是本发明较优选的具体实施方式的一种，本领域的技术人员在本发明技术方案范围内进行的通常变化和替换都应包含在本发明的保护范围内。The above-described embodiments are only one of the more preferred specific implementations of the present invention, and the usual changes and replacements performed by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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