Waste lithium cell handles recovery methodTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of waste lithium cells to handle recovery method.
Background technique
According to statistics, the consumption figure of whole world lithium ion battery in 2000 is 500,000,000, has reached 7,000,000,000 within 2015.Due toThe service life of lithium ion battery be it is limited, a large amount of waste and old lithium ion battery also generates therewith.By taking China as an example, it is contemplated that 2020The discarded lithium battery in year China will be more than 25,000,000,000, and gross weight is more than 500,000 tons.Discarded lithium battery, anode is containing a large amount of expensiveMetal, wherein cobalt accounts for 5~20%, and nickel accounts for 5~12%, and manganese accounts for 7~10%, and lithium accounts for 2~5% and 7% plastics, and contained metal is mostIt is rare metal, it should by reasonable recycling and reusing.For example, cobalt as a kind of strategic resource, is widely used in each neckDomain, in addition to there are also high temperature alloys etc. for lithium battery.It can calculate, the yield of noble metal is huge.
Mainly there are pyrometallurgy recycling and hydrometallurgical recovery now for the recovery method of discarded lithium battery.Two methodsRespectively have advantage and disadvantage: Wet-process metallurgy method can recycle most of metal, but it requires pole to the Classification Management of lithium ion batteryHeight is needed battery according to cathode and anode and dielectric material classification processing, and another exterior-applied liquid medicine is more, needs mating sewage treatment unit.FireMethod metallurgy mode consumes energy greatly, needs to melt out cobalt, copper, nickel, iron by being up to 1200 DEG C or more high temperature, and lithium, aluminium etc. do not return generallyIt receives, the filler material of building building cement is used for as slag phase.Its advantages are low to cell classification requirement, it might even be possible to not require to disassembleDeng pretreatment.Therefore pyrometallurgy recycling lithium battery is widely used, but the lithium in pyrometallurgical processes in battery entersIt is difficult to recycle in clinker.
Pyrometallurgy, also known as incineration method or dry process are the organic adhesives removed in electrode material by high temperature incinerationAgent, while making metal and its compound therein that redox reaction occur, recycled in the form of condensation low-boiling metal andIts compound recycles the metal in clinker using screening, pyrolysis, magnetic separation or chemical method etc..Pyrometallurgy is to raw materialComponent requirements it is not high, be suitble to the more complex battery of large scale processing, but burn and inherently generate part exhaust emission environment, andRequirement of the high-temperature process to equipment is also higher, while also needing to increase Recovery Purifying equipment etc., and processing cost is higher.
The document of Patent No. 201710251703.5 discloses nickeliferous, the cobalt refuse battery of one kind and cupric electron wastes associationWith the method for recycling metal comprising following steps: (1) by nickeliferous, cobalt old and useless battery broken and physical separation, obtain it is nickeliferous,The enrichment material of cobalt；(2) the enrichment material containing nickel, cobalt obtained by step (1) is mixed with the electron wastes of cupric；(3) step(2) gained old and useless battery and cupric electronic waste mixed material carry out high temperature melting, are incorporated slag former and reducing agent, are containedCopper, cobalt, nickel metal and slag phase；(4) metal obtained by step (3) and slag phase separation；(5) metal obtained by step (4) carries out electrolysis essenceRefining, is separately recovered copper, cobalt, nickel metal.
The inventors discovered that the shortcomings that above-mentioned recovery method is, battery easily occurs in the process of direct broken refuse batteryExplosion risk, in addition, the gas that high melt generates are exposed to the atmosphere, and very big burden is brought to environment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of recovery efficiency, high and environmental protection waste lithium cell handles recovery method.
Technical scheme is as follows: a kind of waste lithium cell processing recovery method, including incinerator, vacuum processing dressIt sets, inert gas input unit, gas discharging apparatus and the first recyclable device, the incinerator inside are equipped with dismountable waste and oldLithium battery storage device, includes the following steps:
Waste lithium cell is put into dismountable waste lithium cell storage device, the waste lithium cell equipped with refuse battery is stored upMaterial device is mounted on the reactive tank of the incinerator, pumps the air in the incinerator by the vacuum treatment installation,Waste lithium cell storage device and reactive tank in the incinerator is set to be in vacuum state；It is inputted and is filled by the inert gasIt sets and inputs inert gas into the incinerator；Heating burning is carried out to the refuse battery in the waste lithium cell storage device,The gas generated after burning is transported to first recyclable device by the gas discharging apparatus, and first recyclable device is usedIn the low-boiling metal of recycling and its compound in the form of condensation.
Further, first recyclable device further includes emission-control equipment, for after the completion of handling the recyclingExhaust gas is with meet the requirement of environmental protection.
Further, the present invention is additionally provided with refuse battery slag collection device (6), crushing device (7) and the second recyclable device(8), the refuse battery slag collection device is crushed for sending the refuse battery after the burning to the crushing device (7)And crushing, refuse battery slag after broken and crushing is then transmitted to second recyclable device (8).
The invention also includes following steps, after the incinerator is cooling, unload from the incinerator described detachableWaste lithium cell storage device (11), send the refuse battery slag after burning to the refuse battery slag collection device (6), it is describedRefuse battery slag collection device sends the refuse battery after the burning to the crushing device (7) and is crushed and is crushed, thenRefuse battery slag after broken and crushing is transmitted to second recyclable device (8), second recyclable device includes the second metalRecyclable device；Metal in broken refuse battery slag is recycled using screening, pyrolysis, magnetic separation or chemical method.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the first, the invention is equipped with dismountable waste and old lithium in incineratorBattery storage device and reactive tank.Facilitate investment raw material and takes out clinker.The second, the invention devises vacuum processingDevice and inert gas input unit, the battery explosion greatly reduced in burning process are dangerous.Third, the inventionDevise the first recyclable device and the second recyclable device, be capable of recycling to useful metal material for maximum magnitude.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates below in conjunction with attached drawing and embodiment to technical solution of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of waste lithium cell handles recovery method, which is characterized in that at incinerator (1), vacuumDevice, inert gas input unit, gas discharging apparatus and the first recyclable device are managed, is equipped with inside the incinerator dismountableWaste lithium cell storage device, includes the following steps:
Waste lithium cell is put into dismountable waste lithium cell storage device, the waste lithium cell equipped with refuse battery is stored upMaterial device (11) is mounted on the reactive tank (12) of the incinerator, pumps the burning by the vacuum treatment installation (2)Air in furnace makes waste lithium cell storage device and reactive tank in the incinerator be in vacuum state；By described lazyProperty gas input device (3) inputs inert gas into the incinerator；To the useless electricity in the waste lithium cell storage devicePond carries out heating burning, and the gas generated after burning is transported to first recyclable device by the gas discharging apparatus (4)(5), first recyclable device is used to recycle low-boiling metal and its compound in the form of condensation.
Further, first recyclable device (5) further includes emission-control equipment (51), for handling described recycledExhaust gas after is with meet the requirement of environmental protection.
Further, the present invention is additionally provided with refuse battery slag collection device (6), crushing device (7) and the second recyclable device(8), the refuse battery slag collection device is crushed for sending the refuse battery after the burning to the crushing device (7)And crushing, refuse battery slag after broken and crushing is then transmitted to second recyclable device (8).
The invention also includes following steps, after the incinerator is cooling, unload from the incinerator described detachableWaste lithium cell storage device (11), send the refuse battery slag after burning to the refuse battery slag collection device (6), it is describedRefuse battery slag collection device sends the refuse battery after the burning to the crushing device (7) and is crushed and is crushed, thenRefuse battery slag after broken and crushing is transmitted to second recyclable device (8), second recyclable device includes the second metalRecyclable device；Metal in broken refuse battery slag is recycled using screening, pyrolysis, magnetic separation or chemical method.
Above description merely relates to certain specific embodiments of the invention, and any those skilled in the art is based on thisThe replacement or improvement that the spirit of invention is done should be protection scope of the present invention and covered, protection scope of the present invention Ying YiquanSubject to sharp claim.