Summary of the invention
Under frame of the invention, propose a kind of according to the present invention for DC input voltage to be converted into DC output voltageConverter.Preferred or advantageous embodiment party of the invention is obtained from other configuration, next specification and attached drawingFormula and other invention classifications.Preferably, the voltage of DC input voltage is nearly constant in time.Preferably, DC input electricityPressure is related to DC voltage, and the DC voltage, by rectification and smooth such generation then, is made by the alternating voltage of sinusoidalIt is nearly constant in time to obtain voltage.Alternatively, DC input voltage is related to the DC voltage of pulsation, and the DC voltage is by sineThe alternating voltage of shape by rectification, for example by bridge switch without then smooth or only carry out it is small back to backIt is generated in the case where smooth.
Converter includes at least one inductance, especially coil and preferably includes at least one capacitor, especially capacitor.Inductance and optional capacitor are connected with each other in the path of conduct power.The current inductance value of inductance depends on the electricity of flowing through coilThe present current value of stream.
Converter includes the adjuster for adjusting DC output voltage towards desired value.Adjuster includes to determine that it adjusts rowFor parameter group.Converter includes the measurement mould for seeking at least one characteristic value of at least one characteristic parameter of converterBlock.
Converter includes the replaceable multiple parameters group for adjuster.A corresponding parameter in the parameter groupGroup can be activated in the regulators and is activated in operation.Converter includes for replacing and activating in the regulators the ginsengThe control module of a corresponding parameter group in array.Herein, it replaces and activates according at least one of characteristic parameterOr the corresponding different characteristic value of corresponding characteristic parameter carries out.
" inductance " in the sense that at present is generally upper --- for all winding materials with response characteristicExpect (Wickelg ü ter) or component be simplifiedly --- it may also be referred to as " coil ".They are for example in line trulyCircle, choke coil, transformer etc..According to meaning, it is suitable for concept " capacitor " accordingly, " capacitor " may also be referred to as " electricityContainer " represents condenser type component, especially in capacitor truly.
The present invention is based on following understanding：In order to keep constant output voltage in common DC/DC converter, measurement shouldOutput voltage is controlled by it compared with desired value and through regulating device (adjuster), and the regulating device (adjuster) is againCorrespondingly correct duty ratio (PWM in switch element).The design of the adjusting determines the operation action and operation peace of converterQuan Xing.If adjusting designs too cautiously, this is additionally come out with the adjusting behavior expression in the load sudden change time difference.And ifIt is radically adjusted very much, then the fluctuation that may be adjusted in some operating points.In this case, output voltage may be strongDeviate desired value strongly or the breaking-up for the device that even changes.
The present invention provides following possibility：Tune is brought by different parameter groups for the different operating statuses of adjusterSection device in and activate one of parameter group respectively there, thus in the case where being activated adjuster according to currentlyParameter group is handled or is adjusted.Operating status can be detected by the corresponding characteristic value of characteristic parameter.Control moduleSuitable parameter group is selected according to current characteristic value.
As a result, therefore generating a kind of converter, which is conditioned with improving also for the service condition of altered self.
In a preferred embodiment, characteristic value is the current value of characteristic parameter." current " it is meant that the value withCurrent current value exists or effectively at the time of identical with current inductance.Therefore, adjuster in the converter is newestFit through the real time reaction to current characteristic value to realize, especially to make to current current value and current inductanceIt reacts out.
In a preferred embodiment, characteristic parameter is defeated by the current strength of inductance and/or the DC of converterEnter the member of the DC output voltage of voltage and/or converter and/or temperature, especially converter in the converter or on converterThe temperature of part or component (especially inductance).
Therefore, the selection of current parameter group can be made to follow the characteristic for fatefully determining converter by control moduleCharacteristic parameter or depend on the characteristic parameter.
In a preferred embodiment, adjuster has for the sub- adjuster in inside of current value and exports for DCThe sub- adjuster in the outside of the voltage value of voltage.It especially can only replace the parameter group of internal sub- adjuster.
That is, adjuster adjusts ring (having external sub- adjuster) and external adjusts inside ring, packet described with externalIt is contained in the external internal regulation ring adjusted in ring (there is internal sub- adjuster).
Replaceable parameter group is internal sub- adjuster or internal regulation ring parameter group.The embodiment corresponds toPandemic controller structure for DC-DC converter.Therefore, the present invention is suitable for pandemic converter sideCase.
Therefore, furthermore the present invention particularly effectively acts on the point of the most critical of DC-DC converter, that is, acts on electric currentIn adjusting, because when the inductance of coil depending on electric current strong (can sense, simultaneous mass loss) changesWhen, the inductance of coil is depended on by the current flow of coil.In this embodiment, the present invention intervenes the key position justIt sets, wherein, current regulation can be realized by the parameter group for depending on electric current.
In a preferred embodiment, converter includes the memory for parameter group.Therefore, it may be necessary to fastParameter group is transferred fastly and the parameter group is immediately available in the regulators.
In a kind of preferred variant schemes preferably, memory includes the look-up table for parameter group.At thisIn, each combination of each characteristic value, such as each current value or (in the case where multiple characteristic parameters) characteristic value distributesThere is a corresponding parameter group.Therefore, it after seeking one (some) corresponding characteristic values, only has to quick and simpleDistributed parameter group singlely is extracted from look-up table and is provided it to adjuster or is activated there.Thereby, it is ensured thatParameter group especially quickly and simply switches in converter.
In a preferred embodiment, converter is booster converter.Booster converter especially taking by its coilIt is involved certainly in the inductance value of electric current the problem of, so that the present invention is particularly effective for herein.
In a preferred embodiment, converter is CCM converter (Continuous Current Mode：ContinuouslyCurrent-mode) or DCM converter (Discontinuous Current Mode：Discontinuous current mode).Another excellentIn the embodiment of choosing, converted configuration is pfc circuit.Pfc circuit (Power Factor Correction, power factor schoolTarget just) is that so optimization harmonic wave --- the spectrum of the harmonic wave is assessed by power factor, so that in addition to fundamental wave is (in 50HzThe electric current at place) except, it only include the harmonic wave of peanut.Therefore, the received active power of power factor description institute and view are in functionThe proportionate relationship of rate.These transducer types are popular converter, thus the present invention provided in extensive technological accumulation and inheritance it is excellentPoint.
In a preferred embodiment, adjuster is digital governer.Digital governer in the sense that at presentIts adjusted result is exported, at the time of determining only to make the adjusted result can be applicable in converter or be appliedIn the converter.It is dry without the adjuster of change in the converter in time interval at the time of until next correlationIn advance.This kind of digital governer is widely current in the converter, so that the present invention provides advantage for most converter.
In a kind of preferred variant schemes preferably, the parameter group being activated is in the regulators in adjusterDo not change during the regulating cycle of number.In corresponding regulating cycle, adjuster executes determining inside according to input value and countsIt calculates, then to provide its adjusted result on the output.Thereby, it is ensured that being adjusted during inter-process in the regulatorsParameter change does not occur in device, may cause unpredictalbe adjusted result, therefore avoid this point.Therefore, adjust and byThis converter becomes more stable.
The present invention is based on following understanding, observation or considers and also there is the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.Here, these are implementedIt is also referred to as " present invention " to mode simplified partial.Herein, these embodiments also may include above-mentioned embodimentA part or combination or corresponding to its and/or when necessary also include the embodiment up to the present do not mentioned.
The important design standard of parameter for the adjusting in converter is used inductance (inductance type component).RootAccording to used material, inductance value partly depends strongly on electric current.In such a case it is necessary to consider worst fortuneTo determine adjuster size, this usually occurs with the compromise in adjusting behavior the inductance value of market condition simultaneously.In such caseUnder, it is necessary to weigh, whether these limitations are acceptable or must use with inductance decline lesser, depending on electric current(decline of inductance value), biggish and coil (inductive element) therefore costly.For example, with soft saturationCore material choke coil in, inductance value is in the current range that size determines for correspondingly mostHigh electric current drops to the one third of its initial value at the smallest electric current.The process is reversible.Once current interruptions,Also reach initial inductance value again.
Therefore, a kind of conception of the invention is, in the adjusting for converter (especially booster converter), for strongThe current regulation loop for depending on inductance value strongly, defines multiple adjustment parameter groups, and the multiple adjustment parameter group considers logicalCross the inductance decline in the case where electric current (especially choke currents) difference of inductance.Now, logical device (control module) rootIt is determined according to (choke coil) electric current flowed through at present, which parameter group should be used for adjusting.The result is that one kind is in every kind of load feelingsConverter, such as booster converter of optimal adjusting behavior are shown under condition.Same adjusting behavior may only work as electricityFeel (choke coil) just can be achieved when having the decline of lesser inductance in biggish range, but this is merely capable of through biggish rulerIt is very little and therefore biggish at original realization.
The present invention is based on considered below：There are different types of controller structures.Tune most common for DC-DC converterSaving device structure is 2 adjuster of type, and 2 adjuster of type substantially corresponds to pi regulator, however there are following possibilities：The phase change curve that route adjusted is targetedly influenced in the case where frequency can be determined freely, so as to mostExcellent ground regulating system.In the image area, which has transmission function：
The function can be converted into algorithm computable for microprocessor by z-transform.It obtains：
U[n]=A1U[n-1]+A2U[n-2]+B0E[n]+B1E[n-1]+B2E[n-2]。
Herein, U describes the output valve of adjuster, also, to describe input value (inclined from the calculating of desired value-actual value by EDifference).The parameter n description measurement moment, wherein [n], which is represented, is used for current measurement/calculating value, and [n-1] is from last letterNumber calling etc..
Parameter Ax and Bx describe dynamic behavior and are sought by calculating.The parameter is so selected, so that adjusterOptimally compensate the zero position of typical for topological structure pole and line transfer function.According to converter topologies and adjustingScheme obtains other calculation criterions for these parameters, therefore, should not further inquire into its source herein.
The adjustment parameter Bx of the current regulator of average-current mode CCM booster converter directly depends on the electricity of routeSense.Therefore, in order to realize the present invention described here, the match parameter B0 to B2 during the runing time of adjuster, whereinEspecially it is noted that：Only change parameter before or after adjusting the calculating of algorithm.If changed in the adjuster computing intervalIt carries out, then this may cause uncertain adjuster reaction or even results in the oscillation of adjuster.
According to the present invention it is possible to which parameter is made to also depend on other parameters (input voltage, output voltage, temperature).Parameter groupNumber it is unrestricted, such as it is contemplated that look-up table, the look-up table distributes a parameter group to each current value.The present invention is notIt is constrained by booster converter.It can adapt the invention to any other converter, that is to say, that be suitable for all with electricityThe DC-DC converter of sense and capacitor.The present invention is not limited to CCM converter and can also be suitable at running turn of DCMParallel operation.
If in voltage lifting PFC (Power-Factor-Correction：Power factor correcting) in audio-frequency amplifier electricityMake in the part of source in this way adjust come corrector choke inductance decline, then can be realized by this method：Entirely workingChoke currents are optimally adjusted in range and therefore adjust power network current and at the same time realizing as far as possible in each operating pointGood power factor.
It can be prevented simultaneously using biggish choke coil that may result in higher manufacturing cost, new.
Therefore, according to the present invention, depending on for the winding material in switch application is obtained by dynamically adjusting to matchThe compensation of the inductance decline of electric current.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the converter 2 of CCM average-current mode booster converter form, have for current regulation, takeCertainly matched in the adjustment parameter of electric current for dynamic adjustment parameter.
Converter 2 is used to DC input voltage UE being converted into DC output voltage UA.Converter 2 includes inductance 4 and capacitor 6,The inductance and capacitor are connected with each other in the path of conduct power 8.The current inductance value La of inductance 4 depends on flowing through inductanceThe current current value Ia of 4 electric current 10 (being indicated by arrow).
Converter 2 includes the adjuster 12 for adjusting the current voltage value of output voltage UA towards desired value UAS.It adjustsSection device 12 is included in the parameter group 14a for currently determining that it adjusts behavior.Therefore, parameter group 14a is currently swashed in adjuster 12It is living.
In addition, converter 2 includes at least one characteristic value K for seeking at least one characteristic parameter 18 of converter 2Measurement module 16.In this example, characteristic parameter 18 is electric current 10, and characteristic value K is current current value Ia.Therefore, it measuresModule 16 is current measuring device.Alternatively, or additionally, in other embodiments, characteristic parameter 18 is input voltageUE, output voltage UA or inductance 4 or other objects temperature T.
Converter 2 is in total comprising the multiple parameters group 14a-c for adjuster 12.Parameter group 14b or 14c can also beIt is activated in adjuster 12.Then, the group being accordingly activated determines current adjusting behavior.Corresponding two other parameter groups are rightIt is not activated afterwards.That is, (being activated) parameter group 14a-c can be replaced in adjuster 12.
That is, in this example, firstly, parameter group 14a is activated.Therefore, adjuster 12 is worked based on parameter group 14a.ParameterGroup 14b and 14c does not have influence to the behavior of adjusting now.
Converter 2 includes control module 20.The control module is used not only for replacing and for activating in adjuster 12A corresponding parameter group of the parameter group 14a into c.Control module 20 is completed more according at least one of characteristic parameter 18It changes and activates, wherein in this example, there are the unique characteristic parameters 18 of only one.In this example, characteristic value K pointsBe not characterized the current value (current value Ia) of parameter 18 and therefore sought at the time of identical as current inductance value La orPerson is effective.In the example that one substitutes, second feature parameter 18 exists in the form of DC input voltage UE.Corresponding other spyValue indicative K is the current voltage value of input voltage UE.Therefore, described two there are two different characteristic value K in converter 2Characteristic value is provided to control module 20 and by the control module for selection parameter group 14a to c.
There is adjuster 12 internal sub- adjuster 22 (a part of internal regulation ring) and external sub- adjuster 24 (to adjust outsideSave a part of ring).Current value Ia (is supplied in the form of characteristic value K interior by internal regulation ring or sub- adjuster 22 hereinThe sub- adjuster 22 in portion) it is adjusted towards desired value IS.Finally, external adjust ring or sub- adjuster 24 for DC output voltage UA according to itCurrent voltage value (actual value UAI) is adjusted towards its desired value UAS.Here, the only parameter group 14a-c of internal sub- adjuster 22It is replaceable.Therefore external sub- adjuster 24 is worked with fixed parameter group.
Converter 2 has the memory 26 for parameter group 14a-c, wherein memory 26 includes to be used for parameter group 14a-cLook-up table or be embodied as such look-up table.Therefore, in this example, by the characteristic value K and phase in the form of current value IaThe value range 28a-c answered compares, and if value K is located in corresponding value range 28a-c, by relevant parameter group 14aEither 14b or 14c is activated and is used for the adjusting of adjuster 12.
In this example, adjuster 12 is digital governer.Therefore, pass through analog/digital converter (A/D-Umsetzer) 30 controlling feature value K and DC output voltage UA.By Current Scan value UA [n] and K [n] and be stored in adjustingCorresponding value in device 12, from previous sweep spacing [n-1] and [n-2], not shown further is by current adjustingAs a result the current adjusting knot of (i.e. the value of PWM [n]) as PWM grade 32 in the form of the duty ratio PWM modulated for pulse widthFruit output.Herein, the duty ratio PWM for scanning moment [n-1] and [n-2] output previous is also considered in adjuster 12[n-1] and PWM [n-2].Duty ratio PWM operates in the switch 34 in converter 2, such as usually in common converter it is known thatTherefore this point is not illustrated further herein.
Period between the output and corresponding value UA [n] and the input of K [n] of duty ratio PWM [n], which is referred to as, adjusts weekIt phase Z and is symbolically shown in Fig. 1 by arrow.During the duration of regulating cycle Z, corresponding parameter group 14a,B or c unchangeably keeps activation in adjuster 12, that is to say, that it is entire adjust algorithm according to parameter group 14a into c oneA progress.After regulating cycle Z terminates and before new regulating cycle Z starts, that is to say, that defeated in adjuster 12, when necessary just can be with before the analysis processing of voltage UA and characteristic parameter K start out --- according to control unit 20 certainlyIt is fixed --- an other parameter group in activation parameter group 14a-c.