技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种医疗器械，具体是关于一种可用于骨搬运的电磁驱动髓内针。The invention relates to a medical device, in particular to an electromagnetically driven intramedullary needle which can be used for bone transport.
背景技术Background technique
临床外伤、感染、肿瘤等均可导致四肢长骨大段骨缺损，对于邻近关节部位的大段骨缺损一般采用金属假体重建或异体骨重建，但对于骨干处(长骨中段部位)缺损，一直以来没有公认最佳的重建方法。目前，常见的方法包括异体骨移植、自体骨移植、中段金属假体等，但这些方法均有着较高的失败率。对于四肢中段骨缺损，骨搬运可以达到生物重建的效果，且远期并发症较少。传统的骨搬运方法为外固定架牵拉搬运段，拉伸骨膜进而诱导骨膜成骨，最终实现缺损段的骨修复，外固定架的种类包括环形髓内针及单边外固定架。外固定架是通过体外的金属或碳素连接装置，使用若干枚金属固定针固定搬运段，在截骨术后5-7天开始通过缓慢移动与体内搬运段骨固定的钢针，通过牵拉截骨处骨膜，诱导骨膜成骨，待骨膜成骨逐渐成熟，形成髓腔结构实现血运建立，再将外架及金属固定针拆除。Clinical trauma, infection, tumor, etc. can lead to large segmental bone defects of the long bones of the extremities. For large segmental bone defects adjacent to the joints, metal prosthesis or allogeneic bone reconstruction is generally used. There is no universally accepted best reconstruction method. At present, common methods include allograft bone grafting, autologous bone grafting, mid-section metal prosthesis, etc., but these methods all have a high failure rate. For bone defects in the middle of the limbs, bone transport can achieve the effect of biological reconstruction with fewer long-term complications. The traditional bone handling method is to pull the transported segment with an external fixator, stretch the periosteum and induce periosteum osteogenesis, and finally achieve bone repair of the defect segment. The types of external fixators include circular intramedullary nails and unilateral external fixators. The external fixator is a metal or carbon connection device outside the body, and uses several metal fixing pins to fix the delivery segment. After 5-7 days after the osteotomy, the steel needles that are fixed to the bone of the delivery segment in the body are moved slowly, and then stretched. The periosteum at the osteotomy site was induced to induce periosteal osteogenesis. After the periosteal osteogenesis gradually matured and the medullary cavity structure was formed to realize the establishment of blood supply, the outer frame and metal fixation pins were removed.
由于骨搬运的治疗时间较长，根据缺损长度不同，患者往往需要佩戴外架数月至1-2年不等。外固定架进行骨搬运存在的首要问题是钉道感染，文献报道感染发生率为30-47％不等，且接受外架治疗期间可出现软组织挛缩，纤维化及青枝骨折等并发症。临床上，为了降低并发症发生率，特别是钉道感染的发生率，一般通过复合固定技术可以缩短外架使用时间，进而降低感染几率。常用的复合固定技术有外架复合髓内针或外架复合钢板进行骨搬运，即搬运过程通过外架进行，但当搬运段移动结束后，通过髓内针或钢板进行固定，从而可以将外架拆除，这样可以缩短外架使用时间。但搬运过程中仍然不可避免使用外架，从而出现由于外架使用引起的感染、肌腱干扰等。并且对于复合固定技术来说，一旦出现感染将出现更为严重的后果，因体内仍有金属内固定物，仅通过清创无法进行治疗，需将体内金属内固定物全部切除。其次，传统外固定架的金属固定针需要穿过肌肉等软组织结构，这些金属固定针常会影响肌肉收缩进而导致关节活动受限，而且外架延长过程中患者不能负重行走，佩戴外架过程中患者舒适度较低，除负重行走功能受限外，使用外固定架治疗过程中外架由于尺寸较大会影响患者穿衣，特别是在北方寒冷地区，冬季需要较厚衣物时，外架这一缺点更加明显。Due to the long treatment time of bone transport, patients often need to wear an external frame for several months to 1-2 years depending on the length of the defect. The primary problem in bone transport with external fixators is screw tract infection. According to literature reports, the incidence of infection ranges from 30-47%, and complications such as soft tissue contracture, fibrosis, and greenstick fractures may occur during external fixation. Clinically, in order to reduce the incidence of complications, especially the incidence of nail tract infection, the composite fixation technique can generally shorten the use time of the outer frame, thereby reducing the chance of infection. Commonly used composite fixation techniques include outer frame combined with intramedullary nails or outer frame combined with steel plates for bone transport, that is, the transport process is carried out through the outer frame, but after the movement of the transport section is completed, it is fixed with intramedullary nails or steel plates, so that the outer frame can be fixed. The rack is removed, which can shorten the use time of the outer rack. However, the use of the outer frame is still unavoidable during the handling process, resulting in infection and tendon interference caused by the use of the outer frame. And for composite fixation techniques, once infection occurs, more serious consequences will occur. Because there are still metal internal fixation in the body, only debridement cannot be used for treatment, and all metal internal fixation in the body needs to be removed. Secondly, the metal pins of traditional external fixators need to pass through soft tissue structures such as muscles. These metal pins often affect muscle contraction and lead to limited joint mobility. The comfort level is low. In addition to the limited weight-bearing walking function, the large size of the external frame will affect the dressing of the patient during the treatment process. Especially in the cold northern regions, when thicker clothes are needed in winter, the disadvantage of the external frame is more serious. obvious.
相对于外固定架骨延长，使用内固定技术，如髓内针可以降低治疗过程中钉道感染、骨折等风险，但传统髓内针无法实现骨搬运。Compared with external fixator bone extension, the use of internal fixation techniques, such as intramedullary nails, can reduce the risk of nail tract infection and fracture during treatment, but traditional intramedullary nails cannot achieve bone transport.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种可用于骨搬运的电磁驱动髓内针。In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetically driven intramedullary nail that can be used for bone transport.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：一种可用于骨搬运的电磁驱动髓内针，其特征在于，包括连接在自体骨端和截骨端之间的体内电磁驱动牵引机构(1)，所述体内电磁驱动牵引机构(1)能够在体外控制电磁场的驱动下带动搬运骨段向远离所述截骨端的方向移动。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: an electromagnetically driven intramedullary nail that can be used for bone transport, characterized in that it includes an internal electromagnetically driven traction mechanism (1) connected between the end of the autogenous bone and the osteotomized end The electromagnetically driven traction mechanism (1) in the body can drive the bone segment to move away from the osteotomy end under the drive of the controlled electromagnetic field outside the body.
在一个优选的实施例中，所述体内电磁驱动牵引机构(1)包括：外套筒(11)，连接在所述自体骨端和截骨端之间，所述外套筒(11)上沿轴向开设一滑槽(15)；永磁体(12)，设置在所述外套筒(11)内，所述永磁体(12)能够在体外控制电磁场的驱动下进行旋转；线性丝杠(13)，沿所述外套筒(11)的轴向转动支撑在所述外套筒(11)内，所述线性丝杠(13)的一端与所述永磁体(12)连接并可随所述永磁体(12)同步旋转；牵引块(14)，滑动设置在所述外套筒(11)内并螺纹旋合在所述线性丝杠(13)上，并经所述滑槽(15)与所述搬运骨段固定，所述牵引块(14)可在所述线性丝杠(13)的驱动下带动所述搬运骨段向远离所述截骨端的方向移动。In a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetically driven traction mechanism (1) in the body comprises: an outer sleeve (11), connected between the autogenous bone end and the osteotomized end, on the outer sleeve (11) A chute (15) is opened in the axial direction; a permanent magnet (12) is arranged in the outer sleeve (11), and the permanent magnet (12) can rotate under the drive of an in vitro control electromagnetic field; a linear lead screw (13), rotatably supported in the outer sleeve (11) along the axial direction of the outer sleeve (11), one end of the linear lead screw (13) is connected with the permanent magnet (12) and can be Rotate synchronously with the permanent magnet (12); the traction block (14) is slidably arranged in the outer sleeve (11) and threaded on the linear screw (13), and passes through the chute (15) is fixed to the transporting bone segment, and the traction block (14) can drive the transporting bone segment to move away from the osteotomy end under the drive of the linear screw (13).
在一个优选的实施例中，所述永磁体(12)和线性丝杠(13)之间设置减速箱(16)，所述减速箱(16)的输入端连接所述永磁体(12)，所述减速箱(16)的输出端连接所述线性丝杠(13)。In a preferred embodiment, a reduction box (16) is arranged between the permanent magnet (12) and the linear lead screw (13), and the input end of the reduction box (16) is connected to the permanent magnet (12), The output end of the reduction box (16) is connected with the linear lead screw (13).
在一个优选的实施例中，所述牵引块(14)上开设有若干螺钉孔，所述搬运骨段通过若干单皮质螺钉(17)并穿过所述滑槽(15)后与所述牵引块(14)上的螺钉孔连接。In a preferred embodiment, the traction block (14) is provided with several screw holes, and the transported bone segment passes through several unicortical screws (17) and passes through the chute (15) to connect with the traction block (15). The screw holes on the block (14) are connected.
在一个优选的实施例中，所述永磁体(12)采用圆柱体结构，沿径向进行磁化，材料采用钕铁硼磁性材料。In a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnet (12) adopts a cylindrical structure, is magnetized in the radial direction, and is made of NdFeB magnetic material.
在一个优选的实施例中，所述线性丝杠(13)的螺距设计为1mm。In a preferred embodiment, the pitch of the linear lead screw (13) is designed to be 1mm.
本发明由于采取以上技术方案，其具有以下优点：本发明利用体外交变电磁场通过非接触方式驱动体内髓内针内的永磁体转动，进而驱动髓内针内的丝杠旋转，丝杠旋转带动与搬运骨段连接的牵引块向远离截骨端的方向移动，使搬运骨段逐渐移动经过缺损段，最终与骨缺损端接触并通过加压实现骨愈合，待骨性愈合后将髓内针拆除即可完成骨搬运，从而实现无创、匀速牵拉截骨处骨膜，诱导骨膜成骨，实现骨骼缺损重建。Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention uses the external alternating electromagnetic field to drive the permanent magnet in the intramedullary needle in the body to rotate in a non-contact manner, and then drives the screw in the intramedullary needle to rotate, and the rotation of the screw drives The traction block connected to the transporting bone segment moves away from the osteotomy end, so that the transporting bone segment gradually moves through the defect segment, and finally contacts with the bone defect end and achieves bone healing through pressure. After the bone healing, the intramedullary nail is removed The bone transport can be completed, so as to achieve non-invasive and uniform stretching of the periosteum at the osteotomy, induce periosteal osteogenesis, and realize bone defect reconstruction.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the present invention;
图2是本发明外套筒的局部放大示意图；Fig. 2 is the partially enlarged schematic diagram of outer sleeve of the present invention;
图3是本发明体外控制电磁场的驱动原理图。Fig. 3 is a driving schematic diagram of the external control electromagnetic field of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples.
图1展示了根据本发明提供的电磁驱动髓内针，包括体内电磁驱动牵引机构1，用于连接在自体骨端10和截骨端20之间，该体内电磁驱动牵引机构1能够在体外控制电磁场的驱动下带动搬运骨段30向远离截骨端20的方向移动，使搬运骨段30逐渐移动经过缺损段，最终与自体骨端10接触并通过加压实现骨愈合，从而实现缺损段的骨膜牵拉成骨。Figure 1 shows an electromagnetically driven intramedullary nail provided according to the present invention, including an internal electromagnetically driven traction mechanism 1 for connecting between the autogenous bone end 10 and the osteotomized end 20, and the internally electromagnetically driven traction mechanism 1 can be controlled outside the body Driven by the electromagnetic field, the transporting bone segment 30 is driven to move away from the osteotomy end 20, so that the transporting bone segment 30 gradually moves through the defect segment, and finally contacts with the autologous bone end 10 and realizes bone healing through pressure, thereby realizing the defect segment. The periosteum is stretched into the bone.
在一个优选的实施例中，体内电磁驱动牵引机构1包括：外套筒11(外壳)，连接在自体骨端10和截骨端20之间，外套筒11上沿轴向开设一滑槽15(如图2所示)；永磁体12，设置在外套筒11内，该永磁体12能够在体外控制电磁场的驱动下进行旋转；线性丝杠13，沿外套筒11的轴向转动支撑在外套筒11内，线性丝杠13的一端与永磁体12连接并可随永磁体12同步旋转；牵引块14，滑动设置在外套筒11内并螺纹旋合在线性丝杠13上，并经滑槽15与搬运骨段30固定，该牵引块14可在线性丝杠13的驱动下带动搬运骨段30向远离截骨端20的方向移动，滑槽15用于约束牵引块14的移动方向。In a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetically driven traction mechanism 1 in the body includes: an outer sleeve 11 (shell), connected between the autogenous bone end 10 and the osteotomized end 20, and a chute is opened in the axial direction on the outer sleeve 11 15 (as shown in Figure 2); permanent magnet 12, is arranged in the outer sleeve 11, and this permanent magnet 12 can rotate under the drive of external control electromagnetic field; Linear lead screw 13, along the axial rotation support of outer sleeve 11 In the outer sleeve 11, one end of the linear lead screw 13 is connected with the permanent magnet 12 and can rotate synchronously with the permanent magnet 12; the traction block 14 is slidably arranged in the outer sleeve 11 and threaded on the linear lead screw 13, and passed through The chute 15 is fixed to the transporting bone segment 30, the traction block 14 can drive the transporting bone segment 30 to move away from the osteotomy end 20 under the drive of the linear screw 13, the chute 15 is used to constrain the moving direction of the traction block 14 .
在一个优选的实施例中，还可在永磁体12和线性丝杠13之间设置减速箱16，该减速箱16的输入端连接永磁体12，减速箱16的输出端连接线性丝杠13，减速箱16设计的主要目的是获得较大的输出转矩和较低的转速。In a preferred embodiment, a reduction box 16 can also be arranged between the permanent magnet 12 and the linear screw 13, the input end of the reduction box 16 is connected to the permanent magnet 12, and the output end of the reduction box 16 is connected to the linear screw 13, The main purpose of gear box 16 design is to obtain larger output torque and lower rotating speed.
在一个优选的实施例中，牵引块14上开设有若干螺钉孔，搬运骨段30通过若干单皮质螺钉17并穿过滑槽15后与牵引块14上的螺钉孔连接。In a preferred embodiment, the traction block 14 is provided with several screw holes, and the bone segment 30 is connected to the screw holes on the traction block 14 after passing through several unicortical screws 17 and passing through the chute 15 .
在一个优选的实施例中，永磁体12采用圆柱体结构，沿径向进行磁化，材料采用钕铁硼磁性材料。In a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnet 12 adopts a cylindrical structure, is magnetized in the radial direction, and is made of NdFeB magnetic material.
在一个优选的实施例中，外套筒11外径为8-13mm的不同粗细尺寸，以满足不同解剖尺寸骨骼的患者。In a preferred embodiment, the outer diameter of the outer sleeve 11 is 8-13 mm in different sizes, so as to satisfy patients with bones of different anatomical sizes.
在一个优选的实施例中，线性丝杠13的螺距设计为1mm。In a preferred embodiment, the pitch of the linear lead screw 13 is designed to be 1mm.
如图1、图3所示，本发明在使用时，按常规髓内针安装方式，首先通过缺损段一端长骨髓腔，而后经过缺损段，之后进入缺损段另一端骨髓腔；当髓内针进入合适长度(该长度即为搬运骨段长度)后，在C臂透视下进行保留骨膜截骨，截骨后将髓内针继续插入远端髓腔，并分别于近、远端安装锁钉40，将髓内针固定于缺损段的近、远端管状骨，然后通过体外定位器用单皮质螺钉17将搬运骨段30固定于牵引块14上。当需要进行骨搬运时，启动体外控制电磁场并靠近患者肢体皮肤，此时体外控制电磁场产生旋转的交变磁场，通过交变磁场自身的N极和S极不断交替转换，带动患者体内的永磁体12旋转，永磁体12带动线性丝杠13旋转并推动牵引块14沿外套筒11的滑槽15轴向滑动，从而使牵引块14带动搬运骨段30向远离截骨端20方向移动，这样通过每日推动费牵引块14移动1mm逐渐拉开截骨处的骨缝间隙，使搬运骨段30逐渐移动经过缺损段，实现缺损段的骨膜牵拉成骨。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, when the present invention is in use, according to the conventional intramedullary nail installation method, it first passes through the long bone marrow cavity at one end of the defect segment, then passes through the defect segment, and then enters the bone marrow cavity at the other end of the defect segment; when the intramedullary nail After entering the appropriate length (this length is the length of the bone segment to be transported), the periosteum-preserving osteotomy is performed under C-arm fluoroscopy. After the osteotomy, the intramedullary nail is continued to be inserted into the distal medullary cavity, and locking nails are installed at the proximal and distal ends respectively. 40. Fix the intramedullary nail to the proximal and distal tubular bones of the defect segment, and then fix the transport bone segment 30 to the traction block 14 with a single cortical screw 17 through an in vitro positioner. When bone transport is required, start the external control electromagnetic field and get close to the skin of the patient's limbs. At this time, the external control electromagnetic field generates a rotating alternating magnetic field. The N pole and S pole of the alternating magnetic field are continuously alternately switched to drive the permanent magnet in the patient's body. 12 rotates, the permanent magnet 12 drives the linear screw 13 to rotate and pushes the traction block 14 to slide axially along the chute 15 of the outer sleeve 11, so that the traction block 14 drives the bone segment 30 to move away from the osteotomy end 20, thus By pushing the traction block 14 to move 1 mm every day, the bone suture gap at the osteotomy site is gradually opened, so that the transported bone segment 30 gradually moves through the defect segment, and the periosteum of the defect segment is pulled into osteogenesis.
上述各实施例仅用于对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行示例性描述，并不局限于上述具体实施方式，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention, and are not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. Any modifications and equivalent replacements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention , improvements, etc., should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810919123.3ACN108904026A (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-13 | It can be used for the electromagnetic drive intramedullary needle of bone carrying |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810919123.3ACN108904026A (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-13 | It can be used for the electromagnetic drive intramedullary needle of bone carrying |
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| CN108904026Atrue CN108904026A (en) | 2018-11-30 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810919123.3APendingCN108904026A (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-13 | It can be used for the electromagnetic drive intramedullary needle of bone carrying |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20181130 |