技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种采用超滤器、吸附净化、再生组合技术的透析液高效净化再生系统，属血液净化装置技术领域。The invention relates to a high-efficiency purification and regeneration system for dialysate adopting combined technologies of ultrafilter, adsorption purification and regeneration, and belongs to the technical field of blood purification devices.
背景技术Background technique
血液透析是体外使用血液透析机从患者的血液中过滤毒素的一种透析处理。目前大多数血液透析机通常包含计算机、流体泵、血液管线、透析液管线、透析器、以及用于排放透析溶液的排液管线。通过导管或瘘管针使患者的循环系统与血液透析机连接，并将患者的血液连续地泵送通过血液透析机。血液通过在血液透析机中的包含半透膜的透析器。半透膜将一侧的血液与在另一层的透析溶液分开。透析器从血液中除去废物、毒素和过量的水，净化后的血液返回人体。废产物和毒素通过半透膜从血液中转移到透析溶液中，单次透析处理中使用的透析液约90-120升，然后直接丢弃或处理后排放。显然，大量的用过的透析液会增加透析的成本。由于透析液还可以包括各种浓度的需要通过扩散引入血流中的物质，如药物、葡萄糖，这些组分经过透析器时不可能完全进入血液，因而也会有一部分随废弃的透析液排出；此外，血液中还有一些对人体有益的组分通过半透膜进入废弃的透析液。上述各种因素导致血液透析的成本增加、浪费增加，还会对环境造成污染。因此，产生了不少透析液回收利用技术，典型技术如下：Hemodialysis is a dialysis treatment that uses a hemodialysis machine outside the body to filter toxins from a patient's blood. Most hemodialysis machines today typically contain a computer, fluid pumps, blood lines, dialysate lines, dialyzer, and a drain line for draining the dialysate solution. The patient's circulatory system is connected to the hemodialysis machine through a catheter or fistula needle, and the patient's blood is continuously pumped through the hemodialysis machine. Blood passes through a dialyzer containing a semipermeable membrane in a hemodialysis machine. A semipermeable membrane separates the blood on one side from the dialysis solution on the other. A dialyzer removes waste products, toxins, and excess water from the blood, and the purified blood is returned to the body. Waste products and toxins are transferred from the blood through the semipermeable membrane into the dialysis solution, and about 90-120 liters of the dialysis solution is used in a single dialysis treatment, which is then directly discarded or treated and discharged. Clearly, a large amount of used dialysate increases the cost of dialysis. Since the dialysate can also contain various concentrations of substances that need to be introduced into the bloodstream by diffusion, such as drugs and glucose, these components cannot completely enter the blood when passing through the dialyzer, so some of them will be discharged with the waste dialysate; In addition, there are some beneficial components in the blood that enter the waste dialysate through the semipermeable membrane. The above-mentioned various factors lead to increased cost and waste of hemodialysis, and also cause pollution to the environment. Therefore, many dialysate recycling technologies have been produced, and the typical technologies are as follows:
美国凯米卡技术有限公司申请的一种用于便携式人类透析的透析液再生系统，中国专利申请号为200480038117.3，PCT申请的申请数据为PCT/US2004/043546(2004.12.22)，于2012年02月08日授权，授权公告号为CN1897993B，其核心技术流程示意图如附图1所示。该专利的关键技术采用一种透析液再生室14，即能够选择性截留毒素并排斥选择的阳离子的毒素截留器，其中所述毒素截留器包含离子选择障壁的离子选择脲酶固定活性碳纤维。该技术的优点是流程简单，结构合理，携带方便。但其也有一定的缺点：由于进入透析液再生室的透析液中的毒素浓度低，因而所需的吸附剂吸附面积大，单位体积的吸附剂吸附效率较低，吸附剂装填量多。A dialysate regeneration system for portable human dialysis applied by American Kemika Technology Co., Ltd., the Chinese patent application number is 200480038117.3, and the application data of the PCT application is PCT/US2004/043546 (2004.12.22), which was filed on February 2012 Authorized on May 8, the authorization announcement number is CN1897993B, and the schematic diagram of its core technical process is shown in Figure 1. The key technology of this patent adopts a dialysate regeneration chamber 14, which is a toxin trap capable of selectively trapping toxins and rejecting selected cations, wherein the toxin trap contains ion-selective urease-immobilized activated carbon fibers for ion-selective barriers. The advantage of this technology is that the process is simple, the structure is reasonable, and it is easy to carry. However, it also has certain disadvantages: due to the low concentration of toxins in the dialysate entering the dialysate regeneration chamber, the required adsorbent adsorption area is large, the adsorption efficiency per unit volume of the adsorbent is low, and the adsorbent loading capacity is large.
中国专利(申请号：201510106383.5)提供了一种透析液再生装置，采用反渗透组件及基于BDD电极的电催化反应器，利用基于BDD电极的电催化反应器很宽的电位窗口及低吸附能力，氧化过程非常高效，能够有效转化和去除透析液中的废产物和毒素，装置的连续运行性能良好。但其也有一定的缺点，如电催化反应器可能下述组分产生催化作用，导致变性或产生对人体有害的物质，如透入透析液的人体血液有益组分、透析液中未被充分利用的需要通过扩散引入血液中的物质(如药物或葡萄糖等)。Chinese patent (application number: 201510106383.5) provides a dialysate regeneration device, using reverse osmosis components and electrocatalytic reactors based on BDD electrodes, utilizing the wide potential window and low adsorption capacity of electrocatalytic reactors based on BDD electrodes, The oxidation process is very efficient, enabling effective conversion and removal of waste products and toxins in the dialysate, and the continuous operation performance of the device is good. However, it also has certain disadvantages. For example, the electrocatalytic reactor may catalyze the following components, resulting in denaturation or harmful substances to the human body, such as the beneficial components of human blood that penetrate into the dialysate, and the dialysate is not fully utilized. Substances (such as drugs or glucose, etc.) that need to be introduced into the blood by diffusion.
中国专利(申请号：201710823579.5)提供了一种应用于血液透析的装置，其典型流程图如附图2所示。该装置采用包含有特异性吸附材料和/或非特异性吸附材料的吸附剂盒体和反渗透膜水纯化技术的液体净化组件相结合的透析液再生的系统及方法。其中，吸附剂盒体中的特异性吸附材料主要针对透析液体中尿素的吸附，其在吸附中无任何化学变化,不会产生任何离子的累积；吸附剂盒体中的非特异性吸附材料针对透析液体中的微量金属离子、肌酸酐、β2M尿酸、微量有机物等物质去除。透析液体通过吸附剂盒体去除杂质后再流入液体净化组件通过反渗透膜进一步纯化后进行后续循环。该技术的优点是能够极大降低成本，节省用水，且便携小巧，可以同时满足患者在医院和家庭的需求。但其也有一定的缺点，即经过吸附剂盒体的透析液在通过反渗透膜水纯化技术的液体净化组件时，形成富含大分子物质的富液和纯水为主的贫液两部分，富液作为废弃物排出，过程中需要定期或连续补水；经过液体净化组件的回用透析液需要透析液成分调节系统进行调节处理，调节过程极为复杂。Chinese patent (application number: 201710823579.5) provides a device for hemodialysis, and its typical flow chart is shown in Figure 2. The device adopts a dialysate regeneration system and method combining an adsorbent box body containing specific adsorbent material and/or non-specific adsorbent material and a liquid purification component of reverse osmosis membrane water purification technology. Among them, the specific adsorption material in the adsorbent box is mainly aimed at the adsorption of urea in the dialysis fluid, and there is no chemical change in the adsorption, and no accumulation of any ions will be generated; the non-specific adsorption material in the adsorbent box is aimed at the dialysis Trace metal ions, creatinine, β2M uric acid, trace organic matter and other substances in the liquid are removed. The dialysis fluid passes through the adsorbent box to remove impurities, then flows into the liquid purification component, and is further purified by the reverse osmosis membrane for subsequent circulation. The advantage of this technology is that it can greatly reduce costs, save water, and is portable and compact, which can meet the needs of patients in hospitals and at home. But it also has certain disadvantages, that is, when the dialysate passing through the adsorbent box passes through the liquid purification component of the reverse osmosis membrane water purification technology, it will form two parts: a rich solution rich in macromolecular substances and a lean solution mainly composed of pure water. The rich liquid is discharged as waste, and water needs to be replenished regularly or continuously during the process; the reused dialysate after passing through the liquid purification component needs to be adjusted by the dialysate composition adjustment system, and the adjustment process is extremely complicated.
因此如何解决上述技术中存在的问题，提供一种高效吸附净化的透析液再生系统，成为该领域研究的热点课题之一。Therefore, how to solve the problems existing in the above technologies and provide a dialysate regeneration system with high-efficiency adsorption and purification has become one of the hot research topics in this field.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是为解决现有技术存在的问题，提供一种采用超滤器、吸附净化和再生组合技术的透析液高效净化再生系统，该系统首先采用超滤器对从透析器出来的含有毒素和废产物的透析液进行浓缩处理，超滤器产生的贫液直接送至透析液储罐，富含毒素和废产物的浓缩富液经吸附器进行吸附净化处理后送入透析液储罐，再生装置对吸附器进行再生，从而达到提高透析液净化回用效率的目的。The present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and provides a high-efficiency purification and regeneration system for dialysate using ultrafilter, adsorption purification and regeneration combined technology. The dialysate of waste products is concentrated, and the lean liquid produced by the ultrafilter is directly sent to the dialysate storage tank, and the concentrated rich liquid rich in toxins and waste products is sent to the dialysate storage tank after being adsorbed and purified by the adsorber for regeneration. The device regenerates the adsorber, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of dialysate purification and reuse.
本发明的目的是通过以下措施实现的：The object of the present invention is achieved by the following measures:
一种透析液高效净化再生系统，其特征在于：A high-efficiency purification and regeneration system for dialysate, characterized in that:
所述的透析液高效净化再生系统包含超滤器7、吸附器9和再生装置；从透析器2中透析液侧2-2出来的透析液经透析液出口管线6送入超滤器7，产生的含有血液废产物和毒素的富液经富液出口管线8送入吸附器9、透析液储罐10，另外一部分经贫液出口管线11送入透析液储罐10，透析液储罐10中的透析液经透析液循环泵4、透析液管线5送入透析器2，从而形成透析液净化回用过程；所述的再生装置是指从再生液储罐12出来的再生液经再生液循环泵13、再生液进口管线14、第一吸附器9-1或第二吸附器9-2、再生液出口管线15，返回再生液储罐12，从而形成再生装置循环过程。The high-efficiency purification and regeneration system of the dialysate comprises an ultrafilter 7, an adsorber 9 and a regeneration device; the dialysate coming out from the dialysate side 2-2 in the dialyzer 2 is sent into the ultrafilter 7 through the dialysate outlet pipeline 6, The generated rich solution containing blood waste products and toxins is sent to the adsorber 9 and the dialysate storage tank 10 through the rich solution outlet pipeline 8, and the other part is sent to the dialysate storage tank 10 through the lean solution outlet pipeline 11, and the dialysate storage tank 10 The dialysate in the dialysate is sent to the dialyzer 2 through the dialysate circulating pump 4 and the dialysate pipeline 5, thereby forming a dialysate purification and reuse process; The circulation pump 13, the regeneration liquid inlet pipeline 14, the first adsorber 9-1 or the second adsorber 9-2, and the regeneration liquid outlet pipeline 15 return to the regeneration liquid storage tank 12, thereby forming a regeneration device circulation process.
所述的透析器2包括壳体、血液侧2-1、半渗透膜、透析液侧2-2，血液经透析器血液入口管线1、透析器2之血液侧2-1、透析器血液出口管线3返回人体血管。。The dialyzer 2 includes a housing, a blood side 2-1, a semipermeable membrane, and a dialysate side 2-2. Blood passes through the dialyzer blood inlet pipeline 1, the blood side 2-1 of the dialyzer 2, and the dialyzer blood outlet. Line 3 returns to the human blood vessel. .
所述的超滤器7包含壳体、富液侧7-1、超滤膜、贫液侧7-2。The ultrafilter 7 includes a housing, a liquid-rich side 7-1, an ultrafiltration membrane, and a liquid-poor side 7-2.
所述的吸附器9内装有吸附剂。Adsorbent is housed in the described adsorber 9 .
所述的吸附剂包含特异性吸附材料和或非特异性吸附材料。The adsorbent includes specific adsorption materials and or non-specific adsorption materials.
所述的特异性吸附材料包括但不限于β-环糊精、β-环糊精基团的化合物、β-环糊精交联后的化合物、β-环糊精化学修饰改性的化合物、β-环糊精经化学修饰改性后的化合物聚合而成的高分子材料、含6个碳及以上的正烷基链基团的化合物中的任意一种或者它们之间的任意比例组合。The specific adsorption materials include but not limited to β-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin-based compounds, β-cyclodextrin cross-linked compounds, β-cyclodextrin chemically modified compounds, β-Cyclodextrin chemically modified compound polymerized polymer material, any one of the compounds containing n-alkyl chain groups with 6 carbons or more, or any combination of them in any proportion.
所述非特异性吸附材料包括至少活性炭、分子筛中的任意一种或者它们之间的任意比例组合。The non-specific adsorption material includes at least any one of activated carbon and molecular sieve or any combination thereof in any ratio.
所述的吸附剂用于吸附尿素氮。The adsorbent is used for adsorbing urea nitrogen.
所述的吸附剂用于吸附肌酐。The adsorbent is used to adsorb creatinine.
所述的吸附剂用于吸附磷酸盐。The adsorbent is used for adsorbing phosphate.
所述的再生装置交替对第一吸附器9-1、第二吸附器9-2中吸附的毒素进行分解再生，第一吸附器9-1、第二吸附器9-2交替投运、再生。The regeneration device alternately decomposes and regenerates the toxins adsorbed in the first adsorber 9-1 and the second adsorber 9-2, and the first adsorber 9-1 and the second adsorber 9-2 are alternately put into operation and regenerated .
所述的透析器2中的半渗透膜用于分离血液废产物和毒素，包括但不限于尿素氮、肌酐及其它小的有机排泄物分子、水。The semipermeable membrane in the dialyzer 2 is used to separate blood waste products and toxins, including but not limited to urea nitrogen, creatinine and other small organic excrement molecules, water.
本发明未说明的技术特征采用成熟的现有技术进行配套。The unexplained technical features of the present invention are matched with mature prior art.
本发明相比现有技术具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本透析液高效净化再生系统在超滤器、吸附器和再生装置正常投运时，运行过程零排放；1. When the high-efficiency purification and regeneration system of the dialysate is put into operation normally with the ultrafilter, adsorber and regeneration device, there will be zero discharge during operation;
2、配入透析液中的各种需要通过扩散引入血流中的物质如药物、葡萄糖等，能够循环高效利用，对环境的污染减少；2. Various substances mixed into the dialysate that need to be introduced into the bloodstream through diffusion, such as drugs, glucose, etc., can be recycled and used efficiently, and the pollution to the environment is reduced;
3、从血液渗透入透析液的对人体有益的诸多小分子物质，在透析液循环使用到一定浓度时，基于浓度差，总体渗出量有效减少；3. Many small molecular substances that are beneficial to the human body that penetrate into the dialysate from the blood, when the dialysate is recycled to a certain concentration, based on the concentration difference, the overall exudation is effectively reduced;
4、相同吸附剂相同吸附面积的毒素吸附量明显增加，吸附效率高，溶解于贫液中的对人体有益的水溶性小分子物质跟吸附剂不接触，不会产生变质，扩散到血液中产生危害的概率有效降低。4. The toxin adsorption amount of the same adsorbent with the same adsorption area is significantly increased, and the adsorption efficiency is high. The water-soluble small molecular substances that are beneficial to the human body dissolved in the barren liquid do not contact with the adsorbent, and will not deteriorate, and will diffuse into the blood. The probability of harm is effectively reduced.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是一种用于便携式人类透析的透析液再生系统流程示意图(中国专利申请号为200480038117.3)。Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a dialysate regeneration system for portable human dialysis (Chinese patent application number is 200480038117.3).
图2是一种应用于血液透析的装置流程示意图(中国专利申请号为201710823579.5)。Figure 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a device applied to hemodialysis (Chinese patent application number is 201710823579.5).
图3本发明的一种透析液高效净化再生系统流程示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a high-efficiency purification and regeneration system for dialysate in the present invention.
图3中：1-透析器血液入口管线；2-透析器；2-1-血液侧；2-2-透析液侧；3-透析器血液出口管线；4-透析液循环泵；5-透析液管线；6-透析液出口管线；7-超滤器；7-1-富液侧；7-2-贫液侧；8-富液出口管线；9-1-第一吸附器；9-2-第二吸附器；10-透析液储罐；11-贫液出口管线；12-再生液储罐；13-再生液循环泵；14-再生液进口管线；15-再生液出口管线。In Fig. 3: 1-dialyzer blood inlet pipeline; 2-dialyzer; 2-1-blood side; 2-2-dialysate side; 3-dialyzer blood outlet pipeline; 4-dialyzer circulation pump; 5-dialysis Liquid pipeline; 6-dialysate outlet pipeline; 7-ultrafilter; 7-1-rich solution side; 7-2-poor solution side; 8-rich solution outlet pipeline; 9-1-first adsorber; 9- 2-second adsorber; 10-dialysate storage tank; 11-poor solution outlet pipeline; 12-regeneration solution storage tank; 13-regeneration solution circulation pump; 14-regeneration solution inlet pipeline; 15-regeneration solution outlet pipeline.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1：Example 1:
如图3所示，实施例采用的一种透析液高效净化再生系统：As shown in Figure 3, a dialysate efficient purification regeneration system adopted in the embodiment:
所述的透析液高效净化再生系统包含超滤器7、吸附器9和再生装置；从透析器2中透析液侧2-2出来的透析液经透析液出口管线6送入超滤器7，产生的含有血液废产物和毒素的富液经富液出口管线8送入吸附器9、透析液储罐10，另外一部分经贫液出口管线11送入透析液储罐10，透析液储罐10中的透析液经透析液循环泵4、透析液管线5送入透析器2，从而形成透析液净化回用过程；所述的再生装置是指从再生液储罐12出来的再生液经再生液循环泵13、再生液进口管线14、第一吸附器9-1或第二吸附器9-2、再生液出口管线15，返回再生液储罐12，从而形成再生装置循环过程。The high-efficiency purification and regeneration system of the dialysate comprises an ultrafilter 7, an adsorber 9 and a regeneration device; the dialysate coming out from the dialysate side 2-2 in the dialyzer 2 is sent into the ultrafilter 7 through the dialysate outlet pipeline 6, The generated rich solution containing blood waste products and toxins is sent to the adsorber 9 and the dialysate storage tank 10 through the rich solution outlet pipeline 8, and the other part is sent to the dialysate storage tank 10 through the lean solution outlet pipeline 11, and the dialysate storage tank 10 The dialysate in the dialysate is sent to the dialyzer 2 through the dialysate circulating pump 4 and the dialysate pipeline 5, thereby forming a dialysate purification and reuse process; The circulation pump 13, the regeneration liquid inlet pipeline 14, the first adsorber 9-1 or the second adsorber 9-2, and the regeneration liquid outlet pipeline 15 return to the regeneration liquid storage tank 12, thereby forming a regeneration device circulation process.
所述的透析器2包括壳体、血液侧2-1、半渗透膜、透析液侧2-2，血液经透析器血液入口管线1、透析器2之血液侧2-1、透析器血液出口管线3返回人体血管。。The dialyzer 2 includes a housing, a blood side 2-1, a semipermeable membrane, and a dialysate side 2-2. Blood passes through the dialyzer blood inlet pipeline 1, the blood side 2-1 of the dialyzer 2, and the dialyzer blood outlet. Line 3 returns to the human blood vessel. .
所述的超滤器7包含壳体、富液侧7-1、超滤膜、贫液侧7-2。The ultrafilter 7 includes a housing, a liquid-rich side 7-1, an ultrafiltration membrane, and a liquid-poor side 7-2.
所述的吸附器9内装有吸附剂。Adsorbent is housed in the described adsorber 9 .
所述的吸附剂包含特异性吸附材料和非特异性吸附材料。The adsorbent includes specific adsorption materials and non-specific adsorption materials.
所述的特异性吸附材料包括β-环糊精、β-环糊精基团的化合物、β-环糊精交联后的化合物、β-环糊精化学修饰改性的化合物、β-环糊精经化学修饰改性后的化合物聚合而成的高分子材料、含6个碳及以上的正烷基链基团的化合物中的任意一种或者它们之间的任意比例组合。The specific adsorption material includes β-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin group compound, β-cyclodextrin cross-linked compound, β-cyclodextrin chemically modified compound, β-cyclodextrin Any one of polymer materials polymerized from chemically modified modified compounds of dextrin, compounds containing n-alkyl chain groups with 6 carbons or more, or any combination of them in any proportion.
所述非特异性吸附材料包括至少活性炭、分子筛中的任意一种。The non-specific adsorption material includes at least any one of activated carbon and molecular sieve.
所述的吸附剂用于吸附尿素氮。The adsorbent is used for adsorbing urea nitrogen.
所述的吸附剂用于吸附肌酐。The adsorbent is used to adsorb creatinine.
所述的吸附剂用于吸附磷酸盐。The adsorbent is used for adsorbing phosphate.
所述的再生装置交替对第一吸附器9-1、第二吸附器9-2中吸附的毒素进行分解再生，第一吸附器9-1、第二吸附器9-2交叉投运、再生。The regeneration device alternately decomposes and regenerates the toxins adsorbed in the first adsorber 9-1 and the second adsorber 9-2, and the first adsorber 9-1 and the second adsorber 9-2 are cross-operated and regenerated .
所述的透析器2中的半渗透膜用于分离血液废产物和毒素，包括但不限于尿素氮、肌酐及其它小的有机排泄物分子、水。The semipermeable membrane in the dialyzer 2 is used to separate blood waste products and toxins, including but not limited to urea nitrogen, creatinine and other small organic excrement molecules, water.
本发明未说明的技术特征采用成熟的现有技术进行配套。The unexplained technical features of the present invention are matched with mature prior art.
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上，但它们并不是用来限定本发明，任何熟悉本领域专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明之精神和范围内，可作各种简单修改、等同变化，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention, and any skilled person in the field can make various simple modifications, equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Changes still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810608647.0ACN108785773B (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | A high-efficiency purification and regeneration system for dialysate |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810608647.0ACN108785773B (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | A high-efficiency purification and regeneration system for dialysate |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108785773Atrue CN108785773A (en) | 2018-11-13 |
| CN108785773B CN108785773B (en) | 2024-04-09 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810608647.0AActiveCN108785773B (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | A high-efficiency purification and regeneration system for dialysate |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108785773B (en) |
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