技术领域technical field
本发明涉及配电网中光伏并网,具体的说,是涉及农村高密度屋顶光伏渗透率极限计算方法。The invention relates to grid-connected photovoltaics in a power distribution network, in particular to a method for calculating the limit of photovoltaic penetration rate of high-density rooftops in rural areas.
背景技术Background technique
由于光照资源分布不均衡以及光照辐度变化的随机性、波动性、间歇性等因素,相比于传统可调度电厂,光伏电源具有可调可控性较差的特点。随着分布式光伏电源并网容量的迅速增加,光伏发电的这些问题将对电网在规划设计、调度运行等方面带来很大影响,从而提出了光伏渗透率概念。目前光伏渗透率定义一般有以下几种:Due to the unbalanced distribution of light resources and the randomness, volatility, and intermittency of light radiation changes, compared with traditional dispatchable power plants, photovoltaic power sources are less adjustable and controllable. With the rapid increase of distributed photovoltaic power grid-connected capacity, these problems of photovoltaic power generation will have a great impact on the planning, design, dispatching and operation of the power grid, thus the concept of photovoltaic penetration rate is proposed. At present, the definition of photovoltaic penetration rate generally has the following types:
为分布式光伏电源装机容量与上级配电网装机容量的比值;is the ratio of the installed capacity of distributed photovoltaic power to the installed capacity of the upper distribution network;
为分布式光伏电源全年最大小时发电量与系统负荷全年最大小时用电量的比值;is the ratio of the annual maximum hourly power generation of the distributed photovoltaic power supply to the annual maximum hourly power consumption of the system load;
为分布式光伏电源装机容量与最大负荷的比值;is the ratio of the installed capacity of distributed photovoltaic power to the maximum load;
三种定义对光伏渗透率的理解与使用方向均有所不同,其中第一种定义在分布式光伏并网研究早期应用较广,但随着分布式光伏并网区域的不断扩大,公共并网点及就地平衡用户不再集中于工业用户后,不同类型用户配变负载水平差异较大,使单一渗透率指标无法有效指导不同类型区域分布式光伏装机容量,该定义局限性逐步凸显,目前基本已不再使用。The three definitions have different understandings and usage directions of photovoltaic penetration rate. The first definition was widely used in the early stage of distributed photovoltaic grid-connected research. However, with the continuous expansion of distributed photovoltaic grid-connected areas, public grid-connected points And after local balance users are no longer concentrated in industrial users, the load levels of distribution transformers of different types of users are quite different, so that a single penetration rate index cannot effectively guide the distributed photovoltaic installed capacity in different types of regions. The limitations of this definition are gradually highlighted. is no longer used.
第二种和第三种定义是随着分布式光伏不断发展,相关研究逐步增加而产生,均可以起到指导区域光伏并网容量的作用,第二种定义直接与光伏发电量关联,在对光伏利用率、能量渗透率等方面研究使用较多,第三种定义是直接将分布式光伏出力与区域最大负荷关联,在并网容量引导、并网区域选择等规划、设计方面应用较多。The second and third definitions are produced with the continuous development of distributed photovoltaics and the gradual increase in related research, both of which can play a role in guiding the regional photovoltaic grid-connected capacity. The second definition is directly related to photovoltaic power generation. There are many studies on photovoltaic utilization rate and energy penetration rate. The third definition is to directly associate distributed photovoltaic output with regional maximum load, which is widely used in planning and design such as grid-connected capacity guidance and grid-connected area selection.
由此可见,光伏极限渗透率的极限计算将影响到整个系统的稳定和可靠性。现有技术中专利号为201610139424.5的发明专利《配电网分布式光伏极限渗透率分析方法及装置》中就公开了一种配电网分布式光伏极限渗透率分析方法及装置,其中方法包括:搭建配电网及配电网所在地区光伏发电系统的仿真模型;在仿真模型中输入极限渗透率分析时的负荷情况及光伏出力工况;在仿真模型中输入光伏发电数据进行潮流计算;判断变压器及线路是否越限,并确定电压波动及电压偏差;根据变压器及线路是否越限、电压波动及电压偏差,调整光伏发电系统的装机容量,直至获得最大光伏装机容量;根据最大光伏装机容量确定配电网的极限光伏渗透率和/或极限光功率渗透率。该发明可以准确计算配电分布式光伏发电准入容量,提高配电网分布式光伏极限渗透率分析结果的准确性,并适用于分布式光伏发电系统主动管理模式下配电网规划研究。It can be seen that the limit calculation of photovoltaic limit permeability will affect the stability and reliability of the whole system. In the prior art, the invention patent with the patent number of 201610139424.5 "Distributed Photovoltaic Limit Penetration Analysis Method and Device for Distribution Network" discloses a distributed photovoltaic limit permeability analysis method and device for distribution network. The method includes: Build the simulation model of the distribution network and the photovoltaic power generation system in the area where the distribution network is located; input the load conditions and photovoltaic output conditions during the analysis of the limit permeability in the simulation model; input the photovoltaic power generation data in the simulation model for power flow calculation; judge the transformer and whether the line exceeds the limit, and determine the voltage fluctuation and voltage deviation; according to whether the transformer and line exceed the limit, voltage fluctuation and voltage deviation, adjust the installed capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system until the maximum photovoltaic installed capacity is obtained; determine the distribution according to the maximum photovoltaic installed capacity The limit photovoltaic penetration rate and/or limit optical power penetration rate of the grid. The invention can accurately calculate the access capacity of distribution distributed photovoltaic power generation, improve the accuracy of analysis results of distribution network distributed photovoltaic limit penetration rate, and is applicable to distribution network planning research under the active management mode of distributed photovoltaic power generation system.
但是这样的方案实际存在问题,首先针对该专利中的仿真模型,在不同环境和条件下自然有不同的模型,但是不是所有模型都适用于该方法及装置,在对比文件中也没有公开生成模型的方式,因此其公开不充分,本领域技术人员其实没法在其基础上进行再现。However, there are actually problems with such a solution. First of all, for the simulation model in this patent, there are naturally different models under different environments and conditions, but not all models are suitable for this method and device, and the generation model is not disclosed in the comparison document. Therefore, its disclosure is insufficient, and those skilled in the art cannot actually reproduce it on the basis of it.
现有技术中杂志《可再生能源》与2015年12月第12期33卷中记载了基于高斯_赛德尔迭代法的光伏电池参数辨识与最大功率点基准曲线的研究。其中也记载了光伏接入的模型及其最大功率点的研究,但是整体模型复杂,运算量大。那样的模型在规范的城市中效果较好,但是不适合农村光伏用电的计算。In the prior art, the magazine "Renewable Energy" and the volume 33 of the 12th issue in December 2015 recorded the research on the parameter identification of photovoltaic cells and the reference curve of the maximum power point based on the Gauss-Seidel iterative method. It also records the model of photovoltaic access and the study of its maximum power point, but the overall model is complex and the amount of calculation is large. Such a model works well in regulated cities, but it is not suitable for the calculation of rural photovoltaic power consumption.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供农村高密度屋顶光伏渗透率极限计算方法,针对农村高密度屋顶光伏的现实状况建立模型,并进行最小负荷限制下的光伏渗透率极限分析,在此基础上再进行调整。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a calculation method for the limit of photovoltaic penetration rate of rural high-density roofs, establish a model for the reality of rural high-density roof photovoltaics, and analyze the limit of photovoltaic penetration rate under the minimum load limit, and then make adjustments on this basis.
为实现所述目的,本发明农村高密度屋顶光伏渗透率极限计算方法,基于无源放射网络的新增分布式光伏发电系统并网方式采用就地消纳余量上网形式建立模型,建立基于时间的地区用电负荷坐标系,在该坐标系上绘制基于无源放射网络所承担的地区用电负荷线路图以及分布式光伏发电系统所承担的地区用电负荷线路图,将分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时系统负荷与输出消失时系统负荷间连线作为基准曲线,将系统负荷高于基准曲线部分表示为系统负荷正向波动曲线,系统负荷低于基准曲线部分表示为系统负荷逆向波动曲线,计算不同渗透率曲线与基准曲线不同时刻净负荷差值,将其形成若干集合,每个集合对应一个时间对应一个唯一的渗透率值,获取曲线午间净负荷为零时对应的渗透率值,进行离散度分析,即计算标准差,标准差最小对应的渗透率为推荐值上限,具体方法为:获取单一时间内1到N个渗透率x1,...,xN,其平均值为:In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the calculation method of the limit calculation method of photovoltaic penetration rate of high-density roofs in rural areas of the present invention is based on the passive radiation network. The coordinate system of regional electricity load is drawn on this coordinate system based on the regional electricity load circuit diagram undertaken by the passive radiation network and the regional electricity load circuit diagram undertaken by the distributed photovoltaic power generation system, and the distributed photovoltaic power generation system The line between the system load when the output appears and the system load when the output disappears is used as the reference curve, and the part of the system load higher than the reference curve is represented as a positive fluctuation curve of the system load, and the part of the system load lower than the reference curve is represented as a reverse fluctuation curve of the system load. Calculate the net load difference between different permeability curves and the reference curve at different times, and form several sets, each set corresponds to a time corresponding to a unique permeability value, obtain the corresponding permeability value when the noon net load of the curve is zero, and carry out Dispersion analysis, that is to calculate the standard deviation, the permeability corresponding to the minimum standard deviation is the upper limit of the recommended value, the specific method is: obtain 1 to N permeability x1 ,...,xN in a single time, and the average value is:
其中xi为1-N中第i个渗透率值,where xi is the ith permeability value in 1-N,
求其标准差:Find its standard deviation:
通过反复迭代计算,找出极限值。Through repeated iterative calculations, the limit value is found.
优选的,预设分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时间为6:30-7:00,消失时间为19:00-20:00,预设午间的判定时间为11:00-14:00,判断所处季节,并通过所处季节调整分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时间和消失时间。由于后期模型的建立是基于当地用电习惯的,因此在新建立模型时需要根据农村中日出等时间因数预估光伏电板工作的时间。Preferably, the preset output time of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system is 6:30-7:00, the disappearance time is 19:00-20:00, and the preset judgment time at noon is 11:00-14:00. According to the season, adjust the appearance time and disappearance time of the output of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system. Since the establishment of the later model is based on local electricity consumption habits, it is necessary to estimate the working time of photovoltaic panels based on time factors such as sunrise in rural areas when establishing a new model.
优选的,获取光伏发电系统所在区域的时间信息,具体方式是:从冬至日起计算分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时间,该时间对应分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时间最迟的一个时间点,随后每周提前该时间点3分钟直至夏至,夏至起每周推迟该时间点3分钟直到下个冬至日。由于日出时间根据实际情况每天都在变化,因此需要对其进行调整。Preferably, the time information of the area where the photovoltaic power generation system is located is obtained, specifically by: calculating the output occurrence time of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system from the winter solstice, which corresponds to the latest time point in which the output of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system appears, and then The time point is advanced by 3 minutes every week until the summer solstice, and the time point is postponed by 3 minutes every week from the summer solstice until the next winter solstice. Since the sunrise time changes every day according to the actual situation, it needs to be adjusted.
进一步的,获取光伏发电系统所在区域的时间信息,具体方式是:从冬至日起计算分布式光伏发电系统输出消失时间,该时间对应分布式光伏发电系统输出消失时间最早的一个时间点,随后每周推迟该时间点3分钟直至夏至,夏至起每周提前该时间点3分钟直到下个冬至日。Further, the time information of the area where the photovoltaic power generation system is located is obtained by calculating the output disappearance time of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system from the winter solstice, which corresponds to the earliest time point when the output of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system disappears, and then The time point is postponed by 3 minutes every week until the summer solstice, and the time point is advanced by 3 minutes every week from the summer solstice until the next winter solstice.
进一步的,工作人员每月进行一次输出功率对比,将实际分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时间和输出消失时间与预设值进行对比,并进行记录和手动调整。这样对模型参数不断优化,使其更准确。Furthermore, the staff will compare the output power once a month, and compare the actual output appearance time and output disappearance time of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system with the preset value, and record and manually adjust. In this way, the model parameters are continuously optimized to make them more accurate.
优选的,所述N的数量不少于20个。过多的取样会影响计算效率,而太少的数量则会导致模型不准确。Preferably, the number of N is not less than 20. Too many samples will affect computational efficiency, while too few numbers will lead to inaccurate models.
优选的,所述系统净负荷标记值不小于零,防止出现负荷倒送情况。Preferably, the net load flag value of the system is not less than zero, so as to prevent load reversal.
优选的,分布式光伏并网后平抑系统负荷峰值,使得分布式光伏正常出力时的净负荷标幺值处于稳定状态。Preferably, after the distributed photovoltaic is connected to the grid, the peak load of the system is stabilized, so that the net load per unit value of the distributed photovoltaic is in a stable state when it is normally output.
与现有技术相比,例如“基于高斯_赛德尔迭代法的光伏电池参数辨识与最大功率点基准曲线的研究”一文相比本发明的优点是:针对农村用电中总用电量小且不稳定的特性,通过时间特性来判断渗透值的极限,计算方法简单有效,并且可以给予长期跟踪和纠正。Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention compared with the article "Photovoltaic Cell Parameter Identification and Maximum Power Point Reference Curve Based on Gauss-Seidel Iterative Method" are: the total power consumption in the rural electricity consumption is small and For unstable characteristics, the limit of penetration value is judged by time characteristics, the calculation method is simple and effective, and long-term tracking and correction can be given.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明:The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
图1为采用了光伏并网后地区用电负荷示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the electricity load in the region after photovoltaic grid-connection is adopted.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示,受光资源时间分布不均衡和气象变化的影响,光伏电源的输出具有随机性、波动性、间歇性的特点,因此其可调可控性较差.属于不可调度的发电机组。传统发电机组调节能力主要从电力平衡的稳态要求出发,要求发电系统负荷跟随能力对光伏渗透率极限的限制。本发明从配电网的角度考虑,分析配电网内部的限制因素,对配电网的最小允许负荷进行评估,并计算配电网中的光伏渗透率极限。具体方法为:农村高密度屋顶光伏渗透率极限计算方法,基于无源放射网络的新增分布式光伏发电系统并网方式采用就地消纳余量上网形式建立模型,其特征在于:建立基于时间的地区用电负荷坐标系,在该坐标系上绘制基于无源放射网络所承担的地区用电负荷线路图以及分布式光伏发电系统所承担的地区用电负荷线路图,将分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时系统负荷与输出消失时系统负荷间连线作为基准曲线,将系统负荷高于基准曲线部分表示为系统负荷正向波动曲线,系统负荷低于基准曲线部分表示为系统负荷逆向波动曲线,计算不同渗透率曲线与基准曲线不同时刻净负荷差值,将其形成若干集合,每个集合对应一个时间对应一个唯一的渗透率值,获取曲线午间净负荷为零时对应的渗透率值,进行离散度分析,即计算标准差,标准差最小对应的渗透率为推荐值上限,具体方法为:获取单一时间内1到N个渗透率x1,...,xN,其平均值为:As shown in Figure 1, affected by the uneven time distribution of light resources and meteorological changes, the output of photovoltaic power sources has the characteristics of randomness, volatility, and intermittency, so its adjustable controllability is poor. It belongs to non-schedulable generating units . The regulation ability of traditional generator sets is mainly based on the steady-state requirements of power balance, which requires the limit of the photovoltaic penetration rate limit of the load following ability of the power generation system. Considering from the perspective of the distribution network, the invention analyzes the limiting factors inside the distribution network, evaluates the minimum allowable load of the distribution network, and calculates the photovoltaic penetration rate limit in the distribution network. The specific method is: the limit calculation method of photovoltaic penetration rate of high-density roofs in rural areas, the new distributed photovoltaic power generation system grid-connected method based on passive radiation network, and the model is established in the form of on-site consumption surplus grid connection. The coordinate system of regional electricity load is drawn on this coordinate system based on the regional electricity load circuit diagram undertaken by the passive radiation network and the regional electricity load circuit diagram undertaken by the distributed photovoltaic power generation system, and the distributed photovoltaic power generation system The line between the system load when the output appears and the system load when the output disappears is used as the reference curve, and the part of the system load higher than the reference curve is represented as a positive fluctuation curve of the system load, and the part of the system load lower than the reference curve is represented as a reverse fluctuation curve of the system load. Calculate the net load difference between different permeability curves and the reference curve at different times, and form several sets, each set corresponds to a time corresponding to a unique permeability value, obtain the corresponding permeability value when the noon net load of the curve is zero, and carry out Dispersion analysis, that is to calculate the standard deviation, the permeability corresponding to the minimum standard deviation is the upper limit of the recommended value, the specific method is: obtain 1 to N permeability x1 ,...,xN in a single time, and the average value is:
其中xi为1-N中第i个渗透率值,where xi is the ith permeability value in 1-N,
求其标准差:Find its standard deviation:
通过反复迭代计算,找出极限值。Through repeated iterative calculations, the limit value is found.
预设分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时间为6:30-7:00,消失时间19:00-20:00,预设午间的判定时间为11:00-14:00,判断所处季节,并通过所处季节调整分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时间和消失时间。从冬至日起计算分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时间,该时间对应分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时间最迟的一个时间点,随后每周提前该时间点3分钟直至夏至,夏至起每周推迟该时间点3分钟直到下个冬至日。获取光伏发电系统所在区域的时间信息,具体方式是:从冬至日起计算分布式光伏发电系统输出消失时间,该时间对应分布式光伏发电系统输出消失时间最早的一个时间点,随后每周推迟该时间点3分钟直至夏至,夏至起每周提前该时间点3分钟直到下个冬至日。工作人员每月进行一次输出功率对比,将实际分布式光伏发电系统输出出现时间和输出消失时间与预设值进行对比,并进行记录和手动调整。所述N的数量不少于20个。所述系统净负荷标记值不小于零,防止出现负荷倒送情况。分布式光伏并网后平抑系统负荷峰值,使得分布式光伏正常出力时的净负荷标幺值处于稳定状态。The preset output time of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system is 6:30-7:00, and the disappearance time is 19:00-20:00. The preset judgment time at noon is 11:00-14:00, judge the season, and Adjust the output appearance time and disappearance time of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system according to the season. Calculate the output appearance time of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system from the winter solstice, which corresponds to the latest point in time when the output of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system appears, and then advance the time point by 3 minutes every week until the summer solstice, and postpone it every week from the summer solstice Time point 3 minutes until the next winter solstice. Obtain the time information of the area where the photovoltaic power generation system is located. The specific method is: calculate the output disappearance time of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system from the winter solstice, which corresponds to the earliest point in time when the output of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system disappears, and then postpone the time every week. The time point is 3 minutes until the summer solstice, and the time point is advanced by 3 minutes every week from the summer solstice until the next winter solstice. The staff compares the output power once a month, compares the actual output appearance time and output disappearance time of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system with the preset value, and records and manually adjusts. The number of said N is not less than 20. The value of the system net load flag is not less than zero, to prevent the occurrence of load reversal. After the distributed photovoltaic is connected to the grid, the peak load of the system is stabilized, so that the net load per unit value of the distributed photovoltaic is in a stable state when it is normally output.
在配电网中,需要通过短期和长期的负荷分析和预测,合理安排机组开机方式进行电源规划。当光伏发电系统并网后,考虑到光伏发电的不可调节性,通常将其视为一种特殊的负荷.传统负荷减去该负荷就得到系统的净负荷。本次理论分析模型是通过净负荷标幺值的变化情况,判断光伏渗透率对配电网影响。In the distribution network, it is necessary to reasonably arrange the starting mode of the unit for power planning through short-term and long-term load analysis and forecasting. When the photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the grid, considering the non-adjustability of photovoltaic power generation, it is usually regarded as a special load. The net load of the system is obtained by subtracting this load from the traditional load. This theoretical analysis model is to judge the impact of photovoltaic penetration rate on the distribution network through the change of net load per unit value.
以秋季为例,集中于午间时段的光伏出力可以有效降低系统日峰值负荷的大小,渗透率为21%时标准差最小,系统的日峰值负荷已经转移至晚高峰时段(21:00左右),光伏电源容量的增长不再能降低系统峰值负荷。Taking autumn as an example, the photovoltaic output concentrated in the noon period can effectively reduce the daily peak load of the system. The standard deviation is the smallest when the penetration rate is 21%, and the daily peak load of the system has been transferred to the evening peak period (around 21:00). The growth of photovoltaic power capacity can no longer reduce the peak load of the system.
通过计算可得知当系统中光伏容量继续增加(渗透率大于28%),日间负荷开始下降,系统负荷出现逆向波动,当接入光伏的容量渗透率达到63%时,午间时段就出现日净负荷峰谷值,日间的净负荷为零。Through calculation, it can be known that when the photovoltaic capacity in the system continues to increase (the penetration rate is greater than 28%), the daytime load begins to decrease, and the system load fluctuates in reverse. Net load peak-to-valley value, net load during the day is zero.
当光伏渗透率超过64%时,系统的净负荷在正午时段降至零值以下,即光伏发电大于配电网中的负荷,进一步向上级电网供电,根据公式计算最后得出光伏渗透率超过77%时,系统净负荷在光伏电站有出力时(上午7时)即出现负值,负荷全面倒送,由此获取极限值。When the photovoltaic penetration rate exceeds 64%, the net load of the system drops below zero at noon, that is, the photovoltaic power generation is greater than the load in the distribution network, and further supplies power to the upper power grid. According to the formula, the photovoltaic penetration rate exceeds 77% %, the net load of the system will appear negative when the photovoltaic power station has output (7:00 a.m.), and the load will be fully reversed, thus obtaining the limit value.
随着光伏容量渗透率的增加,光伏发电对系统净负荷的影响逐渐增强。由于光伏发电的随机性和波动性,大量光伏电源并网不仅会增加净负荷的波动范围,还会降低负荷预测的准确性,使净负荷的波动具有较大的不确定性。而通过本发明记载的方式尽可能减少这些误差,采用较为简单的方式获取渗透值的极限。With the increase of photovoltaic capacity penetration, the impact of photovoltaic power generation on the net load of the system is gradually increasing. Due to the randomness and volatility of photovoltaic power generation, the grid connection of a large number of photovoltaic power sources will not only increase the fluctuation range of net load, but also reduce the accuracy of load forecasting, making the fluctuation of net load more uncertain. However, the method described in the present invention reduces these errors as much as possible, and adopts a relatively simple method to obtain the limit of the penetration value.
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,但本发明的结构特征并不局限于此,任何本领域的技术人员在本发明的领域内,所作的变化或修饰皆涵盖在本发明的专利范围之中。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the structural features of the present invention are not limited thereto, any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the field of the present invention are covered by the patent scope of the present invention among.
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| CN201810226944.9ACN108776712A (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2018-03-15 | Rural area high density roof photovoltaic permeability Limit Calculation Method |
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