技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种智能监护系统，具体涉及一种用于监测老人是否发生意外摔倒的老人智能监护系统。The invention relates to an intelligent monitoring system, in particular to an intelligent monitoring system for the elderly used for monitoring whether the elderly accidentally falls.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会的发展，我国已经渐渐步入老龄化社会，据专家预测，在2030年我国将进入人口拐点，死亡率会高于新生婴儿的出生率。根据国家统计局官方数据显示，2015年我国60岁以上老人占人口比例的16.1％，如何解决老人的养老问题，如何解决子女不在身边时医疗救助机构能够对老人进行及时有效的救助，如何在社会公共养老资源严重不足且商业养老产业不发达的情况下解决老人养老的问题，已经成为全社会都在关注的社会问题。With the development of society, our country has gradually stepped into an aging society. According to experts' prediction, our country will enter a population inflection point in 2030, and the death rate will be higher than the birth rate of newborn babies. According to the official data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2015, the elderly over 60 years old accounted for 16.1% of the population in my country. How to solve the problem of elderly care for the elderly, how to solve the problem that medical assistance agencies can provide timely and effective assistance to the elderly when their children are not around, and how to provide social support for the elderly. Solving the problem of providing for the elderly under the circumstances of a serious shortage of public pension resources and an underdeveloped commercial pension industry has become a social issue that the whole society is concerned about.
在目前已经发现的养老问题中，有33％的老年人发生过摔倒的情况，他们中有些人因为救助及时而脱离危险，但也有一部分因为没有得到及时的救助而留下了无法挽回的病痛，这种情况往往是令人十分遗憾的。目前，社会上主流的养老方式仍然倾向于在家养老，而子女由于工作等原因往往不能全天守候在老人身边，一旦老人的身体发生意外，很可能会产生严重的后果，给整个家庭带来沉重的负担。Among the elderly care problems that have been discovered so far, 33% of the elderly have fallen. Some of them were out of danger because of timely assistance, but some of them were left with irreparable pain because they did not receive timely assistance. , which is often regrettable. At present, the mainstream way of providing for the elderly in society still tends to be at home, and children often cannot stay with the elderly all day due to work and other reasons. Once an accident occurs to the elderly’s health, it is likely to have serious consequences and bring heavy burdens to the entire family. burden.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是为了解决上述问题而进行的，目的在于提供一种老人智能监护系统。The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide an intelligent monitoring system for the elderly.
本发明提供了一种老人智能监护系统，用于监测老人的身体状态，在老人跌倒时进行报警并将监测信息和报警信息发送给移动终端，具有这样的特征，包括：心率检测电路、三轴加速度传感器、GPS定位单元、通信单元、报警单元、显示电路、电源单元以及与上述各部件连接的控制器，其中，心率检测电路用于检测老人的心率，三轴加速度传感器用于检测老人是否跌倒，GPS定位单元用于确定老人的位置信息，通信单元包括天线和SIM卡槽，并通过SIM卡槽和天线与移动终端进行通信连接，报警单元用于当老人跌倒时发出警报，显示电路用于显示监测信息，具有显示器，电源单元包括第一电源、第二电源以及第三电源，第二电源与心率检测电路、三轴加速度传感通信单元、报警单元以及显示电路连接并向其供电，第三电源与GPS定位单元连接并向其供电。The present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system for the elderly, which is used to monitor the physical state of the elderly, alarm when the elderly falls and send the monitoring information and alarm information to the mobile terminal. It has such features, including: heart rate detection circuit, three-axis An acceleration sensor, a GPS positioning unit, a communication unit, an alarm unit, a display circuit, a power supply unit, and a controller connected to the above components, wherein the heart rate detection circuit is used to detect the heart rate of the elderly, and the triaxial acceleration sensor is used to detect whether the elderly has fallen , the GPS positioning unit is used to determine the location information of the old man, the communication unit includes an antenna and a SIM card slot, and communicates with the mobile terminal through the SIM card slot and the antenna, the alarm unit is used to send an alarm when the old man falls, and the display circuit is used for Display monitoring information, with a display, the power supply unit includes a first power supply, a second power supply and a third power supply, the second power supply is connected with the heart rate detection circuit, the three-axis acceleration sensor communication unit, the alarm unit and the display circuit and supplies power to them, the second Three power sources are connected with the GPS positioning unit and supply power to it.
在本发明提供的老人智能监护系统中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，第一电源为12V电压，第二电源为第一电源经过第一供电电路处理后输出的5V电压，第三电源为第二电源经过第二供电电路及处理后输出的3.3V电压。In the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly provided by the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the first power supply is a 12V voltage, the second power supply is a 5V voltage output by the first power supply after being processed by the first power supply circuit, and the third power supply is The second power supply passes through the second power supply circuit and outputs a 3.3V voltage after processing.
在本发明提供的老人智能监护系统中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，第一供电电路包括电容C26和C32、极性电容C27和C33、二极管D9、电感线圈L1、电阻R66和R67以及稳压电源芯片LM2596，稳压电源芯片LM2596具有引脚1、2、3、4以及5，稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚1连接到第一电源，稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚5接地，还通过并联的电容C26和极性电容C27连接到第一电源，稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚2通过电感线圈L1连接到第二电源，稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚3接地，还与二极管D9的阳极连接后，通过电感线圈L1连接到第二电源，稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚3还与极性电容C27的负极连接，进而连接到第二电源，稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚4通过电阻R66接地，还通过并联的电阻R67和电容C32连接到第二电源。In the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly provided by the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the first power supply circuit includes capacitors C26 and C32, polar capacitors C27 and C33, diode D9, inductance coil L1, resistors R66 and R67, and a stabilizer The voltage source chip LM2596, the voltage stabilized power chip LM2596 has pins 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the pin 1 of the voltage stabilized power chip LM2596 is connected to the first power supply, the pin 5 of the voltage stabilized power chip LM2596 is grounded, and Connect to the first power supply through the parallel capacitor C26 and polarity capacitor C27, the pin 2 of the regulated power supply chip LM2596 is connected to the second power supply through the inductance coil L1, the pin 3 of the regulated power supply chip LM2596 is grounded, and also connected to the diode D9 After the anode is connected, it is connected to the second power supply through the inductance coil L1, and the pin 3 of the regulated power supply chip LM2596 is also connected to the negative pole of the polarity capacitor C27, and then connected to the second power supply, and the pin 4 of the regulated power supply chip LM2596 It is grounded through the resistor R66 and connected to the second power supply through the parallel connection of the resistor R67 and the capacitor C32.
在本发明提供的老人智能监护系统中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，第二供电电路包括电容C6和C7，极性电容C4、C5以及C9以及稳压电源芯片AMS1117，稳压电源芯片AMS1117具有引脚1、2、3以及4，稳压电源芯片AMS1117的引脚1接地，稳压电源芯片AMS1117的引脚3连接到第二电源，稳压电源芯片AMS1117的引脚1和引脚3之间并联有电容C6和极性电容C9，稳压电源芯片AMS1117的引脚2连接到第三电源，稳压电源芯片AMS1117的引脚4与极性电容C4的正极连接，然后与并联的电容C7和极性电容C5连接后连接到第三电源。In the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly provided by the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the second power supply circuit includes capacitors C6 and C7, polar capacitors C4, C5 and C9, and a stabilized power supply chip AMS1117, a stabilized power supply chip AMS1117 It has pins 1, 2, 3 and 4, pin 1 of the stabilized power chip AMS1117 is grounded, pin 3 of the stabilized power chip AMS1117 is connected to the second power supply, pins 1 and 3 of the stabilized power chip AMS1117 Capacitor C6 and polar capacitor C9 are connected in parallel between them, pin 2 of the regulated power supply chip AMS1117 is connected to the third power supply, pin 4 of the regulated power supply chip AMS1117 is connected to the positive pole of the polar capacitor C4, and then connected to the parallel capacitor C7 is connected to the third power supply after being connected to the polarity capacitor C5.
在本发明提供的老人智能监护系统中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，控制器具有引脚12，心率检测电路包括心率传感器、变换器、状态指示灯以及电阻R1，心率传感器一端连接到第二电源，另一端通过变换器连接到控制器的引脚12，状态指示灯的一端通过电阻R1连接到第二电源，另一端通过变换器连接到控制器的引脚12。In the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly provided by the present invention, it can also have such a feature: wherein, the controller has a pin 12, the heart rate detection circuit includes a heart rate sensor, a converter, a status indicator light and a resistor R1, and one end of the heart rate sensor is connected to the first Two power sources, the other end is connected to the pin 12 of the controller through the converter, one end of the status indicator is connected to the second power source through the resistor R1, and the other end is connected to the pin 12 of the controller through the converter.
在本发明提供的老人智能监护系统中，其特征在于，还包括：时钟电路，其中，时钟电路包括晶体振荡器Y1、电容C11和C12，晶体振荡器Y1与电容C11和C12并联后一端接地，另一端通过引脚XTAL1和XTAL1连接到所控制器。In the elderly intelligent monitoring system provided by the present invention, it is characterized in that it also includes: a clock circuit, wherein the clock circuit includes a crystal oscillator Y1, capacitors C11 and C12, and one end of the crystal oscillator Y1 is connected in parallel with capacitors C11 and C12 to ground, The other end is connected to the controller through pins XTAL1 and XTAL1.
在本发明提供的老人智能监护系统中，其特征在于，还包括：复位电路，其中，复位电路包括极性电容C2和电阻R14，极性电容的正极连接到第二电源，负极通过电阻R14接地，极性电容C2和电阻R14之间的节点通过引脚RST连接到控制器上。In the elderly intelligent monitoring system provided by the present invention, it is characterized in that it also includes: a reset circuit, wherein the reset circuit includes a polar capacitor C2 and a resistor R14, the positive pole of the polar capacitor is connected to the second power supply, and the negative pole is grounded through the resistor R14 , the node between polarized capacitor C2 and resistor R14 is connected to the controller through pin RST.
在本发明提供的老人智能监护系统中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，控制器为STC12C5A60S2单片机。In the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly provided by the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the controller is a STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputer.
在本发明提供的老人智能监护系统中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，三轴加速度传感器为ADXL345角度传感器。In the elderly intelligent monitoring system provided by the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the three-axis acceleration sensor is an ADXL345 angle sensor.
在本发明提供的老人智能监护系统中，还可以具有这样的特征：其中，报警器为蜂鸣器，显示器为液晶屏。In the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly provided by the present invention, it may also have such features: wherein, the alarm is a buzzer, and the display is a liquid crystal screen.
发明的作用与效果Function and Effect of Invention
根据本发明所涉及的老人智能监护系统，因为具有心率检测电路、三轴加速度传感器、GPS定位单元、通信单元、报警单元以及显示电路，心率检测电路能够对老人的心率进行检测，三轴加速度传感器能够测量老人的倾斜角度进而检测老人是否跌倒，GPS定位单元能够确定老人的位置信息，通信单元能够与移动终端进行通信连接，显示电路能够显示老人如心率、位置信息等监测信息，因此，通过本发明所涉及的老人智能监护系统，老人能够直接了解自己的身体状况，同时当老人发生意外摔倒的情况时，老人的子女通过移动终端能够获取报警信息，以及老人的监测信息，进而方便子女及时回到老人身边对老人进行救助或者联系医疗机构进行救助。本系统结构简洁、运行稳定可靠、成本可控、品质优良，能更加完美地满足老人日常的居家养老生活，减少社会引养老带来的各种问题。According to the elderly intelligent monitoring system involved in the present invention, because it has a heart rate detection circuit, a three-axis acceleration sensor, a GPS positioning unit, a communication unit, an alarm unit and a display circuit, the heart rate detection circuit can detect the heart rate of the elderly, and the three-axis acceleration sensor It can measure the inclination angle of the old man and then detect whether the old man has fallen. The GPS positioning unit can determine the location information of the old man. The communication unit can communicate with the mobile terminal. The display circuit can display the monitoring information of the old man such as heart rate and location information. Therefore, through this With the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly involved in the invention, the elderly can directly understand their own physical conditions. At the same time, when the elderly accidentally falls, the children of the elderly can obtain the alarm information and the monitoring information of the elderly through the mobile terminal, which is convenient for the children. Return to the elderly to rescue the elderly or contact medical institutions for assistance. The system has a simple structure, stable and reliable operation, controllable cost, and high quality, which can more perfectly meet the daily home care life of the elderly and reduce various problems caused by social introduction of the elderly.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的实施例中老人智能监护系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly in the embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明的实施例中老人智能监护系统的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明的实施例中第一供电电路的结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first power supply circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明的实施例中第二供电电路的结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second power supply circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明的实施例中心率检测电路的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a heart rate detection circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本发明的实施例中显示电路的结构示意图；6 is a schematic structural diagram of a display circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明的实施例中时钟电路的结构示意图；7 is a schematic structural diagram of a clock circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明的实施例中复位电路的结构示意图；以及8 is a schematic structural diagram of a reset circuit in an embodiment of the present invention; and
图9是本发明的实施例中开关电路的结构示意图；9 is a schematic structural diagram of a switch circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，以下实施例结合附图对本发明老人智能监护系统作具体阐述。In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following embodiments will specifically explain the elderly intelligent monitoring system of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是本发明的实施例中老人智能监护系统的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent monitoring system for the elderly in an embodiment of the present invention.
如图1所示，本实施例中的老人智能监护系统1000用于佩戴在老人身上，包括控制器100、电源单元110、心率检测电路120、电位器130、三轴加速度传感器140、GPS定位单元150、报警单元160、显示电路170、通信单元180、测试电路190、时钟电路200、复位电路210以及开关电路220。As shown in Figure 1, the elderly intelligent monitoring system 1000 in this embodiment is used to be worn on the elderly, including a controller 100, a power supply unit 110, a heart rate detection circuit 120, a potentiometer 130, a three-axis acceleration sensor 140, and a GPS positioning unit 150 , an alarm unit 160 , a display circuit 170 , a communication unit 180 , a test circuit 190 , a clock circuit 200 , a reset circuit 210 and a switch circuit 220 .
控制器100单片机，用来控制整个系统。在本实施例中，控制器100为STC12C5A60S2型单片机，指令代码兼容8051，但速度快8-12倍。STC12C5A60S2型单片机内部集成MAX810专用复位电路；两个定时器，带PWM功能；中断优先级有四种，可自定义。The controller 100 single-chip microcomputer is used for controlling the whole system. In this embodiment, the controller 100 is a STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputer, the instruction code is compatible with 8051, but the speed is 8-12 times faster. STC12C5A60S2 MCU internally integrates MAX810 special reset circuit; two timers with PWM function; there are four kinds of interrupt priorities, which can be customized.
图2是本发明的实施例中老人智能监护系统的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly in the embodiment of the present invention;
如图2所示，控制器100具有引脚1、2、3、4、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40。As shown in FIG. 2, the controller 100 has pins 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40.
电源单元110包括第一电源111、第二电源112、第一供电电路113、第三电源114以及第二供电电路115。The power supply unit 110 includes a first power supply 111 , a second power supply 112 , a first power supply circuit 113 , a third power supply 114 and a second power supply circuit 115 .
第一电源111的电压为12V。The voltage of the first power supply 111 is 12V.
第二电源112的电压为5V，电流为3A。The voltage of the second power supply 112 is 5V, and the current is 3A.
图3是本发明的实施例中第一供电电路的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first power supply circuit in an embodiment of the present invention.
如图3所示，第一供电电路113包括电容C26和C32、极性电容C27和C33、二极管D9、电感线圈L1、电阻R66和R67以及稳压电源芯片LM2596，As shown in FIG. 3 , the first power supply circuit 113 includes capacitors C26 and C32, polarized capacitors C27 and C33, diode D9, inductance coil L1, resistors R66 and R67, and a regulated power supply chip LM2596,
稳压电源芯片LM2596具有引脚1、2、3、4、5。稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚1连接到第一电源111。稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚2通过电感线圈L1连接到第二电源112。稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚3接地，还与二极管D9的阳极连接后，通过电感线圈L1连接到第二电源112。稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚3还与极性电容C27的负极连接，进而连接到第二电源112。稳压电源芯片LM2596的引脚4通过电阻R66接地，还通过并联的电阻R67和电容C32连接到第二电源112。The regulated power supply chip LM2596 has pins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Pin 1 of the regulated power supply chip LM2596 is connected to the first power supply 111 . The pin 2 of the regulated power supply chip LM2596 is connected to the second power supply 112 through the inductance coil L1. The pin 3 of the voltage stabilizing power supply chip LM2596 is grounded, and after being connected to the anode of the diode D9, it is connected to the second power supply 112 through the inductance coil L1. Pin 3 of the stabilized power supply chip LM2596 is also connected to the negative pole of the polarity capacitor C27 , and further connected to the second power supply 112 . Pin 4 of the stabilized power supply chip LM2596 is grounded through a resistor R66, and is also connected to the second power supply 112 through a parallel resistor R67 and a capacitor C32.
稳压电源芯片LM2596能够将12V的输入电压(第一电源111)变成输出5V电压(第二电源112)，同时，它还可以输出固定的3A电流。稳压电源芯片LM2596能够在发生促发电压跌落的情况下保证与第二电源112连接的各部件稳定运行。The regulated power supply chip LM2596 can change the input voltage of 12V (the first power supply 111 ) into an output voltage of 5V (the second power supply 112 ), and at the same time, it can also output a fixed current of 3A. The regulated power supply chip LM2596 can ensure the stable operation of each component connected to the second power supply 112 in the event of a trigger voltage drop.
电容C26和极性电容C27起到稳压和整流作用。二极管D9用于高频整流。电感线圈L1的设计是考虑到温度等因素影响，整个电路需要留有余量。Capacitor C26 and polarity capacitor C27 play the role of voltage stabilization and rectification. Diode D9 is used for high frequency rectification. The design of the inductance coil L1 is to take into account the influence of factors such as temperature, and the entire circuit needs to leave a margin.
第三电源114的电压为3.3V。The voltage of the third power supply 114 is 3.3V.
图4是本发明的实施例中第二供电电路的结构示意图Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the second power supply circuit in the embodiment of the present invention
如图4所示，第二供电电路115包括电容C6和C7，极性电容C4、C5以及C9以及稳压电源芯片AMS1117。As shown in FIG. 4 , the second power supply circuit 115 includes capacitors C6 and C7 , polarized capacitors C4 , C5 and C9 , and a regulated power supply chip AMS1117 .
稳压电源芯片AMS1117具有引脚1、2、3、4。稳压电源芯片AMS1117的引脚1接地。稳压电源芯片AMS1117的引脚3连接到第二电源112。稳压电源芯片AMS1117的引脚1和引脚3之间并联有电容C6和极性电容C9。稳压电源芯片AMS1117的引脚2连接到第三电源114。稳压电源芯片AMS1117的引脚4与极性电容C4的正极连接，然后与并联的电容C7和极性电容C5连接后连接到第三电源。The regulated power supply chip AMS1117 has pins 1, 2, 3, and 4. Pin 1 of the regulated power supply chip AMS1117 is grounded. Pin 3 of the stabilized power supply chip AMS1117 is connected to the second power supply 112 . A capacitor C6 and a polarity capacitor C9 are connected in parallel between pin 1 and pin 3 of the regulated power supply chip AMS1117. The pin 2 of the stabilized power supply chip AMS1117 is connected to the third power supply 114 . The pin 4 of the stabilized power supply chip AMS1117 is connected to the positive pole of the polar capacitor C4, and then connected to the parallel capacitor C7 and the polar capacitor C5, and then connected to the third power supply.
第二供电电路115能够将5V的输入电压(第二电源112)变成3.3V的输出电压(第三电源114)。第二供电电路115中的电容C6和极性电容C9用来稳压滤波并防止电压倒灌。电容C7、极性电容C4、C5用来滤除脉动信号，从而对整个电路进行稳压，使整个芯片的输出电压稳定在3.3V。The second power supply circuit 115 is capable of changing an input voltage of 5V (second power supply 112 ) into an output voltage of 3.3V (third power supply 114 ). The capacitor C6 and the polar capacitor C9 in the second power supply circuit 115 are used for voltage stabilization and filtering and to prevent voltage backfeeding. Capacitor C7, polarity capacitors C4 and C5 are used to filter out the pulsating signal, so as to stabilize the voltage of the whole circuit, so that the output voltage of the whole chip is stable at 3.3V.
图5是本发明的实施例中心率检测电路的结构示意图Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the heartbeat detection circuit of the embodiment of the present invention
如图5所示，心率检测电路120包括心率传感器P6、变换器U2A、变换器U2B、变换器U2C、变换器U2D、状态指示灯D2以及电阻R1。As shown in FIG. 5 , the heart rate detection circuit 120 includes a heart rate sensor P6 , a converter U2A, a converter U2B, a converter U2C, a converter U2D, a status indicator light D2 and a resistor R1 .
心率传感器P6具有引脚1、引脚2以及引脚3。Heart rate sensor P6 has pin 1 , pin 2 and pin 3 .
心率传感器P6的引脚1连接到第二电源111，引脚2接地，引脚3依次串联变换器U2A和变换器U2B后，连接到控制器100的引脚12。The pin 1 of the heart rate sensor P6 is connected to the second power supply 111 , the pin 2 is grounded, and the pin 3 is connected to the pin 12 of the controller 100 after the converter U2A and the converter U2B are connected in series.
当心率检测电路120连通时，状态指示灯D2会点亮。在使用时，老人将手指放入心率传感器P6的内部，心率传感器P6即可检测出老人的心率。When the heart rate detection circuit 120 is connected, the status indicator light D2 will be on. When in use, the old man puts his finger inside the heart rate sensor P6, and the heart rate sensor P6 can detect the heart rate of the old man.
状态指示灯D2为发光二极管，它的阳极通过电阻R1连接到第二电源112，它的阴极依次串联变换器U2A和变换器U2B后，连接到控制器100的引脚12。The status indicator light D2 is a light-emitting diode, its anode is connected to the second power supply 112 through the resistor R1, and its cathode is connected to the pin 12 of the controller 100 after the converter U2A and the converter U2B are connected in series.
在本实施例中，变换器U2A、变换器U2B、变换器U2C、变换器U2D均为MC74HC14ADT型号的变换器。MC74HC14ADT型号的变换器对数字信号起到整形作用，进而获得本系统所需要的心率信号。In this embodiment, the converter U2A, the converter U2B, the converter U2C, and the converter U2D are all converters of the MC74HC14ADT model. The MC74HC14ADT type converter plays a role in shaping the digital signal, and then obtains the heart rate signal required by the system.
电位器130的一端连接到第二电源112，一端接地，滑动端连接到控制器100的引脚2。通过电位器130能够模拟老人的血压。One end of the potentiometer 130 is connected to the second power source 112 , one end is grounded, and the sliding end is connected to the pin 2 of the controller 100 . The blood pressure of the elderly can be simulated by the potentiometer 130 .
三轴加速度传感器140能够测量人体姿态的三个方向的加速度得到角度值，具有引脚1、引脚2、引脚3以及引脚4。三轴加速度传感器140的引脚1连接到第二电源112，引脚2连接到控制器100的引脚14，引脚3连接到控制器100的引脚15，引脚4接地。The three-axis acceleration sensor 140 can measure the acceleration in three directions of the human body posture to obtain angle values, and has pin 1 , pin 2 , pin 3 and pin 4 . Pin 1 of the triaxial acceleration sensor 140 is connected to the second power supply 112 , pin 2 is connected to pin 14 of the controller 100 , pin 3 is connected to pin 15 of the controller 100 , and pin 4 is grounded.
控制器100内存储有角度阈值，当三轴加速度传感器140测量得到的角度值超出角度阈值时，控制器100即可判断人体摔倒。在本实施例中，三轴加速度传感器140为ADXL345角度传感器。An angle threshold is stored in the controller 100, and when the angle measured by the triaxial acceleration sensor 140 exceeds the angle threshold, the controller 100 can determine that the human body has fallen. In this embodiment, the three-axis acceleration sensor 140 is an ADXL345 angle sensor.
GPS定位单元150具有GPS定位芯片P1。GPS定位芯片P1能够实时接收卫星的定位数据从而得到老人所处地区的经度和纬度，即老人的位置信息。The GPS positioning unit 150 has a GPS positioning chip P1. The GPS positioning chip P1 can receive satellite positioning data in real time to obtain the longitude and latitude of the area where the elderly is located, that is, the location information of the elderly.
GPS定位芯片P1具有引脚1、引脚2、引脚3以及引脚4。GPS定位芯片P1的引脚1连接到第三电源114，引脚2连接到控制器100的引脚10，引脚3连接到控制器100的引脚11，引脚4接地。在本实施例中，GPS定位芯片P1为u-Blox公司生产。The GPS positioning chip P1 has a pin 1 , a pin 2 , a pin 3 and a pin 4 . Pin 1 of the GPS positioning chip P1 is connected to the third power supply 114 , pin 2 is connected to pin 10 of the controller 100 , pin 3 is connected to pin 11 of the controller 100 , and pin 4 is grounded. In this embodiment, the GPS positioning chip P1 is produced by u-Blox.
报警单元160的一端连接到第二电源112，另一端分别连接到控制器100的引脚22、引脚23以及引脚24上。One end of the alarm unit 160 is connected to the second power supply 112 , and the other end is respectively connected to pins 22 , 23 and 24 of the controller 100 .
在本实施例中，报警单元160为蜂鸣器。当控制器100判断人体摔倒时，蜂鸣器会发出警报。本实施例中的报警单元160具有倒计时功能，该倒计时的时间可以设定，这样设计是因为当系统出现错误识别老人摔倒情况，或老人摔倒不严重能够自行爬起时，老人能够手动取消报警。In this embodiment, the alarm unit 160 is a buzzer. When the controller 100 judges that the human body has fallen, the buzzer will sound an alarm. The alarm unit 160 in this embodiment has a countdown function, and the time of the countdown can be set. This design is because when the system misidentifies the old man's fall, or when the old man falls down and can climb up by himself, the old man can manually cancel it. Call the police.
图6是本发明的实施例中显示电路的结构示意图；6 is a schematic structural diagram of a display circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;
如图2、6所示，显示电路170包括显示器M1、电阻R8以及上位排阻P3。As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 , the display circuit 170 includes a display M1 , a resistor R8 and an upper exclusion resistor P3 .
显示器M1具有引脚1、引脚2、引脚3、引脚4、引脚5、引脚6、引脚7、引脚8、引脚9、引脚10、引脚11、引脚12、引脚13、引脚14、引脚15以及引脚16。Display M1 has pin 1, pin 2, pin 3, pin 4, pin 5, pin 6, pin 7, pin 8, pin 9, pin 10, pin 11, pin 12 , Pin 13, Pin 14, Pin 15, and Pin 16.
上位排阻P3具有引脚1、引脚2、引脚3、引脚4、引脚5、引脚6、引脚7、引脚8以及引脚9。The upper exclusion resistor P3 has pin 1 , pin 2 , pin 3 , pin 4 , pin 5 , pin 6 , pin 7 , pin 8 and pin 9 .
显示器M1的引脚1、引脚5以及引脚16均接地。Pin 1, pin 5 and pin 16 of the display M1 are all grounded.
显示器M1的引脚2和引脚15均连接到第二电源112。Both pin 2 and pin 15 of the display M1 are connected to the second power source 112 .
显示器M1的引脚3与电阻R8串联后接地。The pin 3 of the display M1 is connected in series with the resistor R8 and grounded.
显示器M1的引脚4连接到控制器100的引脚27。Pin 4 of the display M1 is connected to pin 27 of the controller 100 .
显示器M1的引脚7连接到控制器100的引脚28。Pin 7 of the display M1 is connected to pin 28 of the controller 100 .
显示器M1的引脚8连接到控制器100的引脚32，还连接到上位排阻P3的引脚9。Pin 8 of the display M1 is connected to pin 32 of the controller 100 and is also connected to pin 9 of the upper exclusion resistor P3.
显示器M1的引脚9连接到控制器100的引脚33，还连接到上位排阻P3的引脚8。Pin 9 of the display M1 is connected to pin 33 of the controller 100 and is also connected to pin 8 of the upper exclusion resistor P3.
显示器M1的引脚10连接到控制器100的引脚34，还连接到上位排阻P3的引脚7。Pin 10 of display M1 is connected to pin 34 of controller 100 and is also connected to pin 7 of upper exclusion resistor P3.
显示器M1的引脚9连接到控制器100的引脚33，还连接到上位排阻P3的引脚8。Pin 9 of the display M1 is connected to pin 33 of the controller 100 and is also connected to pin 8 of the upper exclusion resistor P3.
显示器M1的引脚10连接到控制器100的引脚34，还连接到上位排阻P3的引脚7。Pin 10 of display M1 is connected to pin 34 of controller 100 and is also connected to pin 7 of upper exclusion resistor P3.
显示器M1的引脚11连接到控制器100的引脚35，还连接到上位排阻P3的引脚6。Pin 11 of the display M1 is connected to pin 35 of the controller 100 and is also connected to pin 6 of the upper exclusion resistor P3.
显示器M1的引脚12连接到控制器100的引脚36，还连接到上位排阻P3的引脚5。Pin 12 of display M1 is connected to pin 36 of controller 100 and is also connected to pin 5 of upper exclusion resistor P3.
显示器M1的引脚13连接到控制器100的引脚37，还连接到上位排阻P3的引脚4。Pin 13 of display M1 is connected to pin 37 of controller 100 and is also connected to pin 4 of upper exclusion resistor P3.
显示器M1的引脚14连接到控制器100的引脚38，还连接到上位排阻P3的引脚3。Pin 14 of display M1 is connected to pin 38 of controller 100 and is also connected to pin 3 of upper exclusion resistor P3.
显示器M1的引脚15连接到控制器100的引脚39，还连接到上位排阻P3的引脚2。Pin 15 of the display M1 is connected to pin 39 of the controller 100 and is also connected to pin 2 of the upper exclusion resistor P3.
本实施例中的显示器M1为液晶屏，它能够显示老人的心率数据、血压数据、经度和纬度。The display M1 in this embodiment is a liquid crystal screen, which can display the heart rate data, blood pressure data, longitude and latitude of the elderly.
上位排阻P3的引脚1连接到控制器100的引脚40。上位排阻P3的引脚1和控制器100的引脚40之间的节点连接到第二电源112。Pin 1 of upper exclusion resistor P3 is connected to pin 40 of controller 100 . The node between pin 1 of upper exclusion P3 and pin 40 of controller 100 is connected to second power supply 112 .
上位排阻P设置能够减小显示电路170的信号反射。The upper exclusion P setting can reduce the signal reflection of the display circuit 170 .
通信单元180包括GSM模块P1、天线以及SIM卡槽。The communication unit 180 includes a GSM module P1, an antenna and a SIM card slot.
GSM模块P1上设置有用于与天线连接的接口，以及用于与SIM卡槽连接的接口。GSM模块P1还包括引脚1、引脚2、引脚3以及引脚4。The GSM module P1 is provided with an interface for connecting with an antenna and an interface for connecting with a SIM card slot. The GSM module P1 also includes pin 1 , pin 2 , pin 3 and pin 4 .
GSM模块P1的引脚1连接到第二电源，引脚2连接到控制器100的引脚3，引脚3连接到控制器100的引脚11，引脚4接地。Pin 1 of the GSM module P1 is connected to the second power supply, pin 2 is connected to pin 3 of the controller 100 , pin 3 is connected to pin 11 of the controller 100 , and pin 4 is grounded.
在本实施例中，GSM模块P1为双频的型号为SIM900A的GSM模块。它的工作电压为3.4V～4.5V，在信号进行传输时，如果发生促发电压跌落的情况，损耗的电流的最大值会达到2A，所以GSM模块P1的电源采用了第一供电电路113的输出电源，该电路提供的电流为3A，能够满足GSM模块P1的需要，进而使整个电路能够稳定运行。In this embodiment, the GSM module P1 is a dual-band GSM module whose model is SIM900A. Its working voltage is 3.4V ~ 4.5V. When the signal is transmitted, if the trigger voltage drops, the maximum current loss will reach 2A. Therefore, the power supply of the GSM module P1 adopts the first power supply circuit 113 The output power supply, the current provided by the circuit is 3A, which can meet the needs of the GSM module P1, so that the whole circuit can run stably.
天线与GSM模块P1通过接口连接后用于与移动终端进行通信连接。在本实施例中，移动终端为手机。The antenna is connected to the GSM module P1 through an interface and is used for communicating with the mobile terminal. In this embodiment, the mobile terminal is a mobile phone.
SIM卡槽内用于插入手机的SIM卡，SIM卡槽与GSM模块P1通过接口连接。通过将SIM卡插入SIM卡槽能够将GSM模块P1注册到通信网络中与手机进行通信，进而可以按照预定的要求向监护人的手机号码发送设定好的短信。显示器M1还能够显示SIM卡所对应的电话号码。The SIM card slot is used to insert the SIM card of the mobile phone, and the SIM card slot is connected with the GSM module P1 through an interface. By inserting the SIM card into the SIM card slot, the GSM module P1 can be registered in the communication network to communicate with the mobile phone, and then the set short message can be sent to the guardian's mobile phone number according to the predetermined requirements. The display M1 can also display the phone number corresponding to the SIM card.
测试电路190包括测试指示灯D1和电阻R7。The test circuit 190 includes a test indicator light D1 and a resistor R7.
在本实施例中，测试指示灯D1为发光二极管。该发光二极管的阳极与电阻R7串联后连接到第二电源112，阴极连接到控制器21。In this embodiment, the test indicator light D1 is a light emitting diode. The anode of the LED is connected in series with the resistor R7 to the second power supply 112 , and the cathode is connected to the controller 21 .
当GSM模块P1成功地注册到通信网络时，测试指示灯D1每3s闪烁一次。When the GSM module P1 is successfully registered to the communication network, the test indicator light D1 flashes once every 3s.
图7是本发明的实施例中时钟电路的结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a clock circuit in an embodiment of the present invention.
如图7所示，时钟电路120包括晶体振荡器Y1、电容C11和C12。As shown in FIG. 7, the clock circuit 120 includes a crystal oscillator Y1, capacitors C11 and C12.
晶体振荡器Y1与电容C11和C12并联后一端接地，另一端通过引脚XTAL1和XTAL1分别对应地连接到控制器100的引脚18和引脚19。晶体振荡器Y1与电容C11和C12一同组成并联谐振回路。One end of the crystal oscillator Y1 connected in parallel with capacitors C11 and C12 is grounded, and the other end is connected to pin 18 and pin 19 of the controller 100 through pins XTAL1 and XTAL1 respectively. Crystal oscillator Y1 forms a parallel resonant circuit together with capacitors C11 and C12.
时钟电路120利用控制器100内部震荡产生内部时钟，从而进行计时。The clock circuit 120 utilizes the internal oscillation of the controller 100 to generate an internal clock for timing.
在本实施例中，晶体振荡器Y1的晶体震荡频率是11.0592MHZ。该晶振对于系统来说，有利于得到整数数值的波特率，同时也方便计算出整数的时钟。晶体振荡器Y1的晶体振荡频率与控制器100的运行速率正相关。In this embodiment, the crystal oscillation frequency of the crystal oscillator Y1 is 11.0592 MHz. For the system, the crystal oscillator is beneficial to obtain the baud rate of the integer value, and it is also convenient to calculate the clock of the integer. The crystal oscillation frequency of the crystal oscillator Y1 is positively related to the operating speed of the controller 100 .
在本实施例中，为了更好地帮助晶体振荡器Y1起振，电容C11和C12为33pf。In this embodiment, in order to better help the crystal oscillator Y1 start up, the capacitors C11 and C12 are 33pf.
图8是本发明的实施例中复位电路的结构示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a reset circuit in an embodiment of the present invention.
如图8所示，复位电路210包括极性电容C2和电阻R14，As shown in FIG. 8, the reset circuit 210 includes a polarized capacitor C2 and a resistor R14,
极性电容C2的正极连接到第二电源112，负极通过电阻R14接地。极性电容C2和电阻R14之间的节点通过引脚RST连接到控制器的引脚9上。The positive pole of the polarity capacitor C2 is connected to the second power supply 112, and the negative pole is grounded through the resistor R14. The node between polarized capacitor C2 and resistor R14 is connected to pin 9 of the controller through pin RST.
在本实施例中，极性电容C2的电容为10uF，电阻R14的阻值选取10K，那么RC时间常数为0.1S，也就是说极性电容C2充电所需要的时间是0.1s，这就意味着在启动的0.1s内，极性电容C2进行充电，两端的电压在增加，与此同时10K电阻两端的电压是在减少，RST引脚两端变成高电平状态，控制器100此时进入复位状态。而当极性电容C2充满电之后，整个复位电路210相当于开路，RST引脚所接收到的电压开始减少，一直减少到某一个值时信号从高电平信号变成了低电平信号控制器100开始了正常工作。In this embodiment, the capacitance of the polar capacitor C2 is 10uF, and the resistance value of the resistor R14 is 10K, then the RC time constant is 0.1S, that is to say, the time required for charging the polar capacitor C2 is 0.1s, which means Within 0.1s of starting, the polar capacitor C2 is charged, the voltage at both ends is increasing, and at the same time, the voltage at both ends of the 10K resistor is decreasing, and the two ends of the RST pin become high level, and the controller 100 at this time Enter the reset state. When the polar capacitor C2 is fully charged, the entire reset circuit 210 is equivalent to an open circuit, and the voltage received by the RST pin begins to decrease, and when it reaches a certain value, the signal changes from a high-level signal to a low-level signal control The device 100 starts to work normally.
图9是本发明的实施例中开关电路的结构示意图。FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a switch circuit in an embodiment of the present invention.
如图9所示，开关单元220包括第一按键S1、第二按键S2以及第三按键S3。As shown in FIG. 9 , the switch unit 220 includes a first button S1 , a second button S2 and a third button S3 .
第一按键S1、第二按键S2以及第三按键S3的一端并联后接地，另一端分别连接控制器100的引脚13、引脚8以及引脚1。One ends of the first button S1 , the second button S2 and the third button S3 are connected in parallel and grounded, and the other ends are respectively connected to pin 13 , pin 8 and pin 1 of the controller 100 .
第一按键S1的功能是调整蜂鸣器报警时间。第二按键S2的功能是调整向移动终端发送求救短信的时间。第三按键S3的功能是取消报警。The function of the first button S1 is to adjust the buzzer alarm time. The function of the second button S2 is to adjust the time for sending the distress message to the mobile terminal. The function of the third button S3 is to cancel the alarm.
同时，为了可以设定监护人号码，在系统通电前，按住第三按键S3的同时给系统供电，系统会自动进入设定报警号码的阶段，这时候第一按键S1是输入报警号码的功能，第二按键S2是下一位，设定完成后按第三按键S3进行保存。然后断电重连，显示屏在系统启动时会显示出设定的报警号码。At the same time, in order to set the guardian number, before the system is powered on, press and hold the third button S3 while supplying power to the system, and the system will automatically enter the stage of setting the alarm number. At this time, the first button S1 is used to input the alarm number. The second button S2 is the next digit, and after the setting is completed, press the third button S3 to save. Then power off and reconnect, the display will show the set alarm number when the system starts.
本实施例中的老人智能监护系统1000的工作过程如下：The working process of the elderly intelligent monitoring system 1000 in the present embodiment is as follows:
步骤一，将人智能监护系统1000佩戴在老人身体上。Step 1, wearing the human intelligent monitoring system 1000 on the body of the elderly.
步骤二，设定联系人的电话号码，进入初始化，将联系人的SIM卡插入通信单元180的SIM卡槽内进行注册。Step 2, set the contact's phone number, enter initialization, and insert the contact's SIM card into the SIM card slot of the communication unit 180 to register.
步骤三，控制器100进行按键扫描，判断是否有按键按下，如果有则执行按下的按键所对应的功能。Step 3, the controller 100 scans the keys to determine whether any key is pressed, and if so, executes the function corresponding to the pressed key.
步骤四，心率检测电路120检测心率，电位器130检测血压、GPS定位单元150监测位置信息，这些信息显示在显示器M1上。Step 4, the heart rate detection circuit 120 detects the heart rate, the potentiometer 130 detects the blood pressure, and the GPS positioning unit 150 monitors the location information, and the information is displayed on the display M1.
步骤五，三轴加速度传感器140不断地检测老人的姿态，若判断老人没有发生摔倒，则系统进入循环工作的模式；若判断老人发生摔倒，报警单元160开始进行蜂鸣器报警倒计时，在倒计时结束前，如果老人通过按键手动取消报警信号，系统会认为老人跌倒情况不严重或者是加速度传感器发生了错误报警行为，结束报警，同时返回主流程中的按键扫描阶段，重新进入循环；如果蜂鸣器报警倒计时正常结束，蜂鸣器就会进行报警行为，同时，短信报警倒计时也在工作，如果该报警倒计时结束，系统会向通过注册好的SIM卡向监护人的手机发送求救短信，求救短信的内容中包括了心率、血压、GPS位置，报警结束后系统正常返回按键扫描阶段；如果短信报警倒计时未能正常结束，系统也会认为这是一个误报警的信号，会重新进入按键扫描阶段。Step five, the three-axis acceleration sensor 140 continuously detects the posture of the old man, if it is judged that the old man has not fallen, the system enters the mode of cyclic operation; if it is judged that the old man has fallen, the alarm unit 160 starts to count down the buzzer alarm, Before the end of the countdown, if the old man manually cancels the alarm signal by pressing the button, the system will think that the fall of the old man is not serious or the acceleration sensor has a wrong alarm behavior, end the alarm, and return to the key scanning stage in the main process at the same time, and re-enter the loop; When the buzzer alarm countdown ends normally, the buzzer will start an alarm behavior. At the same time, the SMS alarm countdown is also working. If the alarm countdown ends, the system will send a distress message to the guardian's mobile phone through the registered SIM card. The content includes heart rate, blood pressure, and GPS location. After the alarm ends, the system returns to the button scanning stage normally; if the SMS alarm countdown fails to end normally, the system will also consider it a false alarm signal and re-enter the button scanning stage.
实施例的作用与效果Function and effect of embodiment
根据本发明所涉及的老人智能监护系统，因为具有心率检测电路、三轴加速度传感器、GPS定位单元、通信单元、报警单元以及显示电路，心率检测电路能够对老人的心率进行检测，三轴加速度传感器能够测量老人的倾斜角度进而检测老人是否跌倒，GPS定位单元能够确定老人的位置信息，通信单元能够与移动终端进行通信连接，显示电路能够显示老人如心率、位置信息等监测信息，因此，通过本发明所涉及的老人智能监护系统，老人能够直接了解自己的身体状况，同时当老人发生意外摔倒的情况时，老人的子女通过移动终端能够获取报警信息，以及老人的监测信息，进而方便子女及时回到老人身边对老人进行救助或者联系医疗机构进行救助。本系统结构简洁、运行稳定可靠、成本可控、品质优良，能更加完美地满足老人日常的居家养老生活，减少社会引养老带来的各种问题。According to the elderly intelligent monitoring system involved in the present invention, because it has a heart rate detection circuit, a three-axis acceleration sensor, a GPS positioning unit, a communication unit, an alarm unit and a display circuit, the heart rate detection circuit can detect the heart rate of the elderly, and the three-axis acceleration sensor It can measure the inclination angle of the old man and then detect whether the old man has fallen. The GPS positioning unit can determine the location information of the old man. The communication unit can communicate with the mobile terminal. The display circuit can display the monitoring information of the old man such as heart rate and location information. Therefore, through this With the intelligent monitoring system for the elderly involved in the invention, the elderly can directly understand their own physical conditions. At the same time, when the elderly accidentally falls, the children of the elderly can obtain the alarm information and the monitoring information of the elderly through the mobile terminal, which is convenient for the children. Return to the elderly to rescue the elderly or contact medical institutions for assistance. The system has a simple structure, stable and reliable operation, controllable cost, and high quality, which can more perfectly meet the daily home care life of the elderly and reduce various problems caused by social introduction of the elderly.
进一步地，控制器为STC12C5A60S2单片机，它具有高速、低功耗、超强抗干扰性能。Furthermore, the controller is a STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputer, which has high speed, low power consumption, and super anti-interference performance.
进一步地，三轴加速度传感器为ADXL345角度传感器，该传感器配合其内置的检测算法，以及它灵活的中断系统，可以减少算法的复杂程度，具有检测灵敏度高、超低功耗，适合移动设备的特点。Furthermore, the three-axis acceleration sensor is an ADXL345 angle sensor. This sensor can reduce the complexity of the algorithm with its built-in detection algorithm and its flexible interrupt system. It has the characteristics of high detection sensitivity, ultra-low power consumption, and is suitable for mobile devices. .
上述实施方式为本发明的优选案例，并不用来限制本发明的保护范围。The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810490526.0ACN108665679A (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | A kind of old man's intelligent guarding system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810490526.0ACN108665679A (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | A kind of old man's intelligent guarding system |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108665679Atrue CN108665679A (en) | 2018-10-16 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810490526.0APendingCN108665679A (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | A kind of old man's intelligent guarding system |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN108665679A (en) |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | Application publication date:20181016 |