Battery temperature management systemTechnical field
The present invention relates to electric or hybrid vehicular fields more particularly to a kind of for electric or hybrid vehicleThe battery temperature management system of battery pack.
Background technology
In recent years, it is combined using motor as the electric vehicle of driving source and using motor and other driving sourcesHybrid vehicle is put into practical application more and more.In these vehicles, oriented motor supplying energy is generally loadedBattery, such as：The secondary cell (including lithium ion battery, nickel-cadmium cell, Ni-MH battery etc.) of repeatable charged and discharged.TwoPrimary cell is generally stored in Battery case in the form of battery pack and is equipped in vehicle.In such battery pack, usuallyCause the raising of battery pack peripheral temperature because of the chemical reaction that inside battery occurs.If battery pack is chronically at high temperature shapeThe power reservoir capacity of state, battery will be substantially reduced, and the service life liquid crystal of battery substantially shortens, this is to power performance and course continuation mileage etc.Very detrimental effect will be brought.Equally, when battery is in compared under low temperature environment, battery efficiency all can be by shadowIt rings, may cause vehicle can not normally travel when serious.
In the prior art, as shown in Figure 1, being directed to water-cooled battery pack, the generally use nature water cooling type of cooling is to batteryCool down, as shown in Figure 1, the internal battery case body 16 for being installed with battery has water inlet 161 and water outlet 162, water inletMouth 161 is connected with electronic water pump 14, radiator 12 and water outlet 162 successively by cooling tube 15, to constitute circulation line, electricitySub- water pump 14 drives recirculated water to be recycled in circulation line, is dissipated the heat that 16 inside of battery case body generates by radiator 12It is dealt into air, to cool down to battery pack.
Requirement due to battery to temperature is harsher, substantially 5 DEG C to 35 DEG C of the temperature range that battery allows, using certainlyWhen right cooling by water mode cools down to battery, when environment temperature is excessively high, such mode just can not drop to battery temperatureIn preference temperature scope, the high temperature of battery can accelerate internal chemical to react, and damage battery pole plates, be easy to cause and overcharge electrical phenomena,Seriously affect the volume service life of battery；It, can not be by battery since such mode does not have heating function when environment temperature is too lowTemperature promoted in suitable operating temperature range, the cell reaction resistance in low temperature greatly increases, and discharge capacity is quickDecaying, internal pressure, which rises, during charging accelerates, and hidden danger is generated to cell safety.
Invention content
For problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of battery temperature management system.
Battery temperature management system proposed by the present invention, for adjusting the battery pack temperature in vehicle, including：With water inletThe battery case body of mouth and water outlet；Heat exchange elements, the heat exchange elements, the battery case body and the first water pump are successivelyBe connected by tube body, under the action of first water pump, Natural Water the battery case body and the heat exchange elements itBetween can carry out first circulation；For reducing the cooling module of battery pack temperature, the cooling module and the heat exchange elementsIt is connected by tube body, under the action of the cooling module, refrigerant energy between the cooling module and the heat exchange elementsEnough carry out second circulation；Heating module for promoting battery pack temperature, the heating module, the heat exchange elements and secondWater pump passes sequentially through tube body and is connected, and under the action of second water pump, the hot water from the heating module is in the heatingThird cycle can be carried out between module and the heat exchange elements；Between the first circulation and the second circulation, it is describedHeat exchange can be carried out between first circulation and third cycle by the heat exchange elements.
Such battery temperature management system, it is only necessary to which providing the battery case body with inlet and outlet can be realIt applies, can be widely applied.Not only there is the system cooling module to have heating module simultaneously, when environment temperature is too lowWhen, heating film group can transfer heat to battery case body, to which the temperature of battery pack to be promoted to suitable operating temperatureIn range；When environment temperature is excessively high, cooling module can cool down to battery case body, to make the temperature of battery pack dropInto suitable operating temperature range.So battery temperature management system of the invention enables to the temperature of battery pack will notIt is affected by the ambient temperature, it is in suitable operating temperature range always, to improve the service life of battery pack.SeparatelyOutside, the present invention carries out heat transfer using Natural Water, compares air conduction more in the prior art, and more efficient, heat is transmitted moreRapidly, battery pack temperature is enabled to quickly reach suitable operating temperature range.
In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchange elements are heat exchanger, which includes at least 3 paths,3 paths are respectively to lead to for accessing the first passage of the first circulation, for accessing the second of the second circulationRoad and the third channel recycled for accessing the third.
Heat exchanger is common heat exchange elements, has a variety of different specifications, facilitate according to specific performance intoRow is selected.
It being further improved as to cooling module, the cooling module includes compressor and condenser, the compressor,The condenser passes sequentially through tube body with the heat exchange elements and is connected, and under the action of the compressor, the refrigerant is successivelyPass through the condenser and the heat exchange elements.
Compressor and condenser are the cooling modules generally used, this two kinds of elements are contained in conventional vehicle, becauseThis, both can be that the cooling module specially be equipped with compressor and condenser, can also use original compressor and cold in vehicleCondenser, to reduce the cost of cooling module.
As a further refinement of the present invention, the battery temperature management system further includes the first expansion valve, described firstExpansion valve is arranged between the condenser and the heat exchange elements.First expansion valve can control the flow of refrigerant, improveThe refrigeration effect of cooling module can be with the logical of the first expansion valve of Electronic control especially when the first expansion valve is electromagnetic expanding valveIt is disconnected, so as to automatically control the working condition of cooling module.
As a further refinement of the present invention, the battery temperature management system further includes pressure sensor, the pressureSensor is arranged between the condenser and first expansion valve.The pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure of cooling modulePower, when the pressure of cooling module deviates preset pressure, system can send out warning, prevent booster occur due to hypertonia, intoOne step ensure that the safety of system.
As a further refinement of the present invention, the battery temperature management system further includes the evaporator being connected by tube bodyWith the second expansion valve, the evaporator and second expansion valve are connected with the compressor and the pressure sensor respectively,Under the action of the compressor, the refrigerant can pass sequentially through the condenser, pressure sensor, described second swollenSwollen valve and the evaporator.
Evaporator can be used for cooling down, and especially when evaporator is arranged in vehicle interior compartment, which makes the interior room of vehicleAir-conditioning system and battery case body share a set of cooling module, by the work shape for controlling the first expansion valve and the second expansion valveState can make cooling module be converted between battery case body cooling and vehicle interior compartment cooling, naturally it is also possible to simultaneouslyBattery case body cooling and vehicle interior compartment cooling are carried out, which improves the utilization ratios of cooling module, while reducing vehicleThe cost of cooling system.
As a further refinement of the present invention, the battery temperature management system further includes three-way magnetic valve, the threewaySolenoid valve is arranged between second water pump and the heat exchange elements and the heating film group, in the three-way magnetic valveUnder effect, second water pump is connected with the heat exchange elements or second water pump is connected with the heating film group.
In this way, when needing to heat battery case body, the second water pump can be made to pass through three-way magnetic valveIt is connected with heat exchange elements so that third cycle transfers heat to first circulation, to promote the temperature of battery case body, whenWhen the temperature of battery pack is in suitable operating temperature range, the second water pump can be made to be connected with heating film group, hot water no longer flowsThrough heat exchange elements, to be had an impact to the temperature of battery pack.
It is further improved as to heating film group, the heating film group includes engine.For hybrid vehicle, makeIt uses engine as heating film group, the heat that engine generates can be made full use of to be heated for battery case body, in this wayThe energy is not only taken full advantage of, but also reduces the cost of heating film group.
It is further improved as to heating film group, the heating film group further includes PTC element, the PTC element and instituteIt states engine and provides the hot water to the heat exchange elements by the way of concatenated.When engine generate shortage of heat orWhen engine does not work, it can be heated come the Natural Water in being recycled to third using PTC element, so that third recyclesHeat is transmitted to first circulation.In addition, PTC element belongs to common heating element, the efficiency of heating surface is high, at low cost, to reduceThe cost of heating film group.
In a preferred embodiment, the heating film group further includes PTC element, and the PTC element is started with describedMachine provides the hot water by the way of in parallel to the heat exchange elements.Such heating module can select engine respectivelyOr PTC element is heated, can also both heat together, and when the engine is not in operation, the heat generated due to PTC elementWater no longer or have on a small quantity pass through cycle of engine, avoid influence of the hot water to engine when engine does not work in this way,It ensure that the service life of engine.
As a further refinement of the present invention, battery pack temperature management system further includes the first temperature sensor, instituteThe first temperature sensor is stated to be arranged between the heating film group and second water pump.Added by the first temperature sensor monitorsThe hot water temperature that thermal module provides, to ensure that the element in third cycle is in the operating temperature range of safety.
As a further refinement of the present invention, battery pack temperature management system further includes heat dissipation element, the heat dissipationElement is arranged between the heating film group and first temperature sensor.Heat dissipation element can utilize and flow through heat exchange elementsThe waste heat of hot water later improves the indoor temperature of vehicle, to improve when environment temperature is too low to vehicle vehicle indoor radiatingThe indoor comfort level of vehicle.
In a preferred embodiment, the heating film group includes PTC element.For pure electric vehicle, not due to itWith engine, it can directly use PTC element to be recycled to third and hot water is provided, to transmit heat to first circulation, be promotedThe temperature of battery case body.
As a further refinement of the present invention, the battery pack temperature management system further includes control unit, describedUnder the action of control unit, heat exchange or the first circulation and institute are carried out between the first circulation and the second circulationIt states between third recycles and carries out heat exchange.Control unit, which can be realized, automatically controls battery pack temperature management system,Under the action of control unit, battery pack can be in suitable operating temperature range always.
As a further refinement of the present invention, the battery pack temperature management system further includes and described control unit phaseSecond temperature sensor even, the second temperature sensor are used to sense the temperature of battery pack.Control unit passes through the second temperatureSpend the temperature value of sensor feedback, the work of control battery pack temperature management system.
Specifically, when the temperature that the second temperature sensor measures the battery pack is less than the first predetermined temperature,Under the action of described control unit, the first circulation carries out heat exchange with third cycle；When the second temperature passesWhen the temperature that sensor measures the battery pack is higher than the second predetermined temperature, under the action of described control unit, described first followsRing carries out heat exchange with the second circulation；First predetermined temperature is less than second predetermined temperature.
As a further refinement of the present invention, battery pack temperature management system further includes fan, the fan settingIn the side of the heat exchange elements, when the temperature that the second temperature sensor measures the battery pack is higher than the second pre- constant temperatureWhen spending, under the action of described control unit, the fan can be that the heat exchange elements radiate.Fan can assist to cool downModule cools down to battery case body so that battery pack quickly drops to suitable operating temperature range.
As a further refinement of the present invention, battery pack temperature management system further includes expansion tank, the expansionWater tank is used to balance the water in the first circulation and the second circulation.Expansion tank can accommodate and water in compensation systemBreathing amount, there is water shortage or the risk of tube expansion in anti-locking system.
In short, the battery pack temperature management system of the present invention mainly have it is following it is several a little：
First, due to having cooling module and heating film group so that battery pack will not be by the shadow of environment temperature and operating modeIt rings, is in suitable operating temperature range always, ensure that the efficiency for charge-discharge and service life of battery.
Second：The present invention battery pack temperature management system eliminate nature water-cooling system, due to the indoor air-conditioning of vehicleSystem shares cooling module, reduces vehicle energy consumption under the premise of ensureing battery pack temperature, while realizing vehicle lightweight.
Third：The three-way magnetic valve being arranged in heating film group, when stack operating temperature suitable for when, can pass through three be poweredMagnet valve cuts off the connection of heat exchange elements and heating module, avoids influence of the hot water to battery pack temperature, while reducing vehicleThermal loss.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and refering to the accompanying drawings.Wherein：
Fig. 1 is natural water cooling type of cooling schematic diagram in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the battery temperature management system that the embodiment of the present invention one proposes；
The structural schematic diagram for the heat exchange elements that Fig. 3 is；
Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b are respectively the piping connection schematic diagram of second circulation in second embodiment；
Fig. 5 is that battery pack temperature manages system in embodiment three and the pipeline of the shared cooling module of vehicle indoor air-conditioning system connectsConnect schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the piping connection schematic diagram that third recycles in fourth embodiment；
Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b and Fig. 7 c are respectively the structural schematic diagram of heating film group in embodiment five；
Fig. 8 is that the battery pack temperature of the present invention manages the operating mode flow chart of system.
In the accompanying drawings, identical component uses identical reference numeral.Attached drawing is not according to actual ratio.
Specific implementation mode
Present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to attached drawing, "upper" "lower" " left side " " right side " hereinafter is equalRelative to diagram direction, to should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Embodiment one：
Fig. 2 is the connection diagram of the battery temperature management system of the present embodiment, from figure 2 it can be seen that battery pack boxThe water outlet 161 of body 16 and the first water pump 14, heat exchange elements 20 and battery case body 16 water inlet 162 pass sequentially through tube bodyBe connected, under the action of the first water pump 14, internal Natural Water can between battery case body 16 and heat exchange elements 20 intoRow cycle, to constitute first circulation.Preferably, heat exchange elements 20 are heat exchanger, and heat exchanger is common heat exchange memberPart has a variety of different specifications, can be selected according to specific performance.Herein, heat exchange elements 20 are at leastIncluding 3 paths, wherein first passage 201 accesses in first circulation.
Fig. 3 illustrates the structural schematic diagram of heat exchange elements 20, and first passage 201 has there are two port A1 and A2, theThere are two port B1 and B2 for two channels 202 tool, and there are two port C1 and C2 for the tool of third channel 203.
It can also be seen that the present embodiment also includes second circulation and third cycle from Fig. 2.
Second circulation includes second channel 202 and the tube body connecting the two of cooling module 30 and heat exchange elements 20,Under the action of cooling module 30, the refrigerant come out from the second end 302 of cooling module 30 flows through the second channel of heat exchange elementsIt is again introduced into cooling module 30 from first end 301 after 202.In this way, flow through first passage 201 Natural Water can with flow throughThe refrigerant of second channel by heat exchange elements 20 carry out heat exchange, then, the Natural Water in first circulation become temperature compared withLow Natural Water simultaneously cools down to the battery pack in battery case body 16, to make the temperature of battery pack drop to suitable workIn temperature range.
Third cycle include heating film group 40, the second water pump 51, heat exchange elements 20 third channel 203 and be sequentially connectedThe tube body of three, under the action of the second water pump 51, the hot water in heating film group 40 is first by heat exchange after being flowed out from port 402After the third channel 203 of part 20, again passes by port 401 and flow back into heating film group 40.In this way, flowing through first passage 201Natural Water can carry out heat exchange, then, first circulation with the hot water for flowing through third channel 203 by heat exchange elements 20In Natural Water become the higher Natural Water of temperature and heat up to the battery pack in battery case body 16, to by battery packTemperature be promoted in suitable operating temperature range.
So such battery temperature management system enables to the temperature of battery pack will not be by the shadow of environment temperatureIt rings, is in suitable operating temperature range always, to improve the service life of battery pack.In addition, in the present embodiment certainlyRight water carries out heat transfer, compares air conduction more in the prior art, and more efficient, heat transmission is rapider, enables to electricityPond group temperature quickly reaches suitable operating temperature range.
Since Natural Water will produce steam or volume changes when heated, for the water in balanced recycle pipeline,Simultaneously provided with for balancing the swollen of the water in first circulation and third cycle in the battery pack temperature management system of the present inventionThe installation position of swollen water tank, expansion tank can be set according to specific needs.
Embodiment two：
In the second embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 a, cooling module 30 ' includes compressor 31 and condenser 32, heat exchangeThe port B1 of the second channel of element 20 is connect with compressor 31, condenser 32 and port B2 by tube body successively, in compressorUnder the action of 31, from compressor 31 come out refrigerant successively after the second channel of condenser 32 and heat exchange elements 20 again intoEnter in compressor 31.
Compressor 31 and condenser 32 are the cooling modules generally used, this two kinds of members are contained in conventional vehicleTherefore part both can be that the cooling module is specially equipped with compressor and condenser, and can also use original compressor in vehicleAnd condenser, to reduce the cost of cooling module.
In order to control the cycle of refrigerant for greater flexibility, it is preferable that the port B2 of condenser 32 and heat exchange elements 20 itBetween be provided with the first expansion valve 33, as shown in Figure 4 b, the flow of refrigerant can be controlled by the first expansion valve 33, it is cold to improveBut the efficiency of module, while when the first expansion valve 33 ends, can second circulation be stopped.It is followed in order to detect secondPressure in endless tube road prevents damage of the excessive pressure to device, it is preferable that is set between condenser 32 and the first expansion valve 33It is equipped with pressure sensor 34.When the pressure that pressure sensor 34 measures cooling module deviates preset pressure, system can send out policeShow, prevents booster occur due to hypertonia, further ensure the safety of system.
Embodiment three：
Unlike embodiment one and embodiment two, in the present embodiment, battery pack temperature manages in system and vehicleThe indoor air-conditioning system of vehicle shares a set of cooling module, as shown in figure 5, the first end 301 ' of cooling module 30 ' is not only handed over heatThe ends B1 for changing element 20 are connected, while being connected by tube body with one end of evaporator 35, and the other end and the pressure of evaporator 35 passSensor 34 is connected with the common end 37 of the first expansion valve 33 by tube body, certainly, the other end of evaporator 35 can also directly withThe second end 302 ' of cooling module 30 ' is connected by tube body.In order to control the refrigerating state of air-conditioning system, it is preferable thatThe second expansion valve 36 is provided between evaporator 35 and common end 37.In this way, under the action of cooling module 30 ', refrigerant also canIt is enough to be recycled between evaporator 35 and cooling module 30 '.
Under the action of the first expansion valve 33 and the second expansion valve 36, when the first expansion valve 33 is opened and the second expansion valve 36When closing, refrigerant is only recycled between cooling module 30 ' and heat exchange elements 20；When the first expansion valve 33 close and secondWhen expansion valve 36 is opened, refrigerant is only recycled between cooling module 30 ' and evaporator 35, when the first expansion valve 33 and secondWhen expansion valve 36 opens simultaneously, refrigerant passes through heat exchange elements 20 and evaporator 35 simultaneously；When the first expansion valve 33 and second is swollenWhen swollen valve 36 simultaneously closes off, cooling module 30 ' can also be stopped, to which refrigerant does not recycle.
In the present embodiment, battery pack temperature management system and the air-conditioning system of vehicle share a set of cooling module, toThe cost for reducing cooling system of vehicle can be divided when the first expansion valve and the second expansion valve is respectively set by expansion valveNot Kong Zhi battery pack temperature management system and air-conditioning system working condition, and can be as needed so that cooling module be at two kindsIt is switched between system, to provide the utilization ratio of cooling module.
Example IV：
Such as 6 manage the structural schematic diagram of the heating part of system for battery pack temperature in the present embodiment, in the present embodiment,Three-way magnetic valve 52 is additionally provided in third circulation line, three-way magnetic valve 52 is arranged in the second water pump 51 and heat exchange elementsBetween 16, specially the first end 521 of three-way magnetic valve 52 is connect with the second water pump 51 by tube body, and the of three-way magnetic valve 52Two ends 522 are connect with the port C2 of heat exchange elements 16 by tube body, third end 523 and the heating module 40 of three-way magnetic valve 52Port 401 connected by tube body, there are two types of working conditions, i.e. first end 521 and second end 522 for three-way magnetic valve 52 hereConnection or first end 521 are connected to third end 523.Therefore, such third circulation line, when needs are provided to first circulationWhen heat, the first end 521 of three-way magnetic valve 52 is made to be connect with second end 522, to hot water flow through heat exchange elements 20 theTriple channel, and carry out heat exchange with the Natural Water in first passage；When heat need not be provided to first circulation, just changeThe working condition of three-way magnetic valve 52 makes first end 521 be connected to third end 523, so that the hot water that heating film group 40 generates is notThe third channel for flowing through heat exchange elements 16 has further prevented heating module to generate additional effect to battery pack temperature.
In order to detect the temperature of hot water in third circulation line in real time, it is preferable that in the second water pump 51 and heating film group 40Port 402 between be provided with the first temperature sensor 53, the temperature of hot water can be detected by the first temperature sensor 53, controlThe heated condition of heating film group 40 processed, prevents pipeline medium temperature from spending height.
In order to make full use of the waste heat in third circulation line, it is preferable that in the first temperature sensor 53 and heating film groupIt is provided with heat dissipation element 54 between 40 port 402, by being arranged heat dissipation element 54 in vehicle car room, can utilize and flowing throughThe waste heat of hot water after heat exchange elements improves the indoor temperature of vehicle, works as environment to improve to vehicle vehicle indoor heatingVehicle indoor comfort level when temperature is too low.
In the present embodiment, for hybrid vehicle, i.e., the vehicle containing engine, heating module 40 include engine41, as shown in Figure 7a, in order to ensure the effect for still being able to realize heating film group when engine 41 does not work, it is preferable that heatingFilm group 40 further includes PTC element 42, and PTC element 42 can be recycled to third by concatenated mode with engine 41 and provide heatWater, certainly, PTC element 42 ' can also be recycled to third by mode in parallel with engine 41 ' and provide hot water, such as Fig. 7 b institutesShow.
For the vehicle of pure electric vehicle, since it does not have engine, heating film group 40 " includes PTC element 42 ", such asShown in Fig. 7 c, the water in being recycled to third by PTC element 42 " heats, and then provides it to battery pack temperature management systemRequired hot water.
Embodiment five：
In the present embodiment, battery pack temperature management system further include control unit (not shown), while include withThe connected second temperature sensor (not shown) of control unit, second temperature sensor is for sensing in battery case bodyThe temperature of battery pack.For the heat exchange for promoting the first circulation in heat exchange elements and between second circulation, in heat exchangeThe side of element is provided with fan 60, as shown in Figure 2.
Now, the operating mode of battery pack temperature management system of the invention is illustrated.Herein, second is setIt is T0 that temperature sensor, which measures the temperature in battery case body, and the first predetermined temperature is T1 (setting T1 as 5 degree), the second predetermined temperatureFor T2 (setting T2 as 35 degree), and T1<T2, it is to stop temperature (Th is T1 to a setting value between T2, at this to concurrently set ThIn, Th can be set as to 20 degree).
Fig. 8 is that the operating mode flow chart of battery pack temperature management system illustrates this system with reference to Fig. 8Workflow：
(1) control unit judges the temperature in battery case body, if T1<T0<T2, i.e., at the temperature of battery packIn in suitable operating temperature range, then the first water air pump inoperative, and the first expansion valve is closed, the first end of three-way magnetic valve withThird end be connected to, that is to say, that between first circulation and second circulation, first circulation and third cycle between without heatIt exchanges.
(2) as T0≤T1, under the action of control unit, the first pump working, the second pump working, the first expansion valve passIt closes, the first end of three-way magnetic valve is connected to second end, while heating film group is started to work, and the hot water that heating film group generates existsIt is entered in heat exchange elements by three-way magnetic valve under the action of second water pump, first circulation cycles through heat exchange with thirdElement carries out heat exchange, when second temperature sensor, which measures T0, reaches Th, under the action of control unit, the first water pump,Second water pump is stopped, while the first end of three-way magnetic valve is ended with second end, and hot water is no longer flow through heat exchange elements, i.e.,First circulation stops with third cycle.
(3) as T0 >=T2, under the action of control unit, the first pump working, compressor operating, the first expansion valve beatsIt opens, fan work, refrigerant flows through heat exchange elements, and first circulation carries out heat exchange with second circulation by heat exchange elements,When second temperature sensor, which measures T0, reaches Th, under the action of control unit, the first water pump is stopped, the first expansion valveIt closes, refrigerant is no longer flow through heat exchange elements, i.e. first circulation stops with second circulation.
Finally illustrate, above example is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to compared withGood embodiment describes the invention in detail, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, it can be to the skill of the present inventionArt scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered at thisIn the right of invention.