CN108597026A - A method of three-dimensional building model is quickly generated based on two-dintension CAD drawing - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明公开了一种基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法，包括将单个楼层的建筑平面图导入二维软件；获取图层信息并根据预先设定的特征要素，对图层进行分类；根据特征要素提取对应图层中具体特征要素的模型信息；以结构化文件输出包含特征要素的模型信息的特征要素数据文件；导入所有楼层的特征要素数据文件；通过解析特征要素数据文件识别各个特征要素的模型信息；根据特征要素的模型信息生成各特征要素的模型并得到相应的建筑模型。本发明方法可应用于公安、消防、军事等领域，解决重点、复杂等类型建筑物的三维模型快速、批量生成的难题，为复杂空间区域的人员精准定位提供支撑。

The invention discloses a method for rapidly generating a three-dimensional building model based on a two-dimensional CAD drawing, which comprises the steps of importing a building plan of a single floor into two-dimensional software; acquiring layer information and classifying the layers according to preset characteristic elements; Extract the model information of the specific feature elements in the corresponding layer according to the feature elements; output the feature element data files containing the model information of the feature elements in a structured file; import the feature element data files of all floors; identify each feature by analyzing the feature element data files The model information of the elements; according to the model information of the characteristic elements, the model of each characteristic element is generated and the corresponding building model is obtained. The method of the present invention can be applied to the fields of public security, fire protection, military affairs, etc., and solves the problem of rapid and batch generation of three-dimensional models of key and complex buildings, and provides support for precise positioning of personnel in complex spatial areas.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法A method for rapidly generating 3D building models based on 2D CAD drawings

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种生成三维建筑模型的方法，特别是涉及一种基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法，属于计算机图形处理技术领域。The invention relates to a method for generating a three-dimensional architectural model, in particular to a method for rapidly generating a three-dimensional architectural model based on a two-dimensional CAD drawing, and belongs to the technical field of computer graphics processing.

背景技术Background technique

当随着科学技术的快速发展，公安、消防、军事等领域对复杂空间区域的人员精准定位的需求日益明显增加，但定位精准还要依托于准确的三维建筑模型。目前三维建筑模型的设计方法有很多，常见方法有以下几种：With the rapid development of science and technology, the demand for accurate positioning of personnel in complex spatial areas in the fields of public security, fire protection, and military affairs has increased significantly, but accurate positioning depends on accurate 3D building models. At present, there are many design methods for 3D architectural models, and the common methods are as follows:

三维设计软件建模3D design software modeling

专业设计人员通过三维设计软件完成建筑模型的三维建模，通过输出一定格式三维模型再导入到需要使用的三维场景系统中，该方法的优点是可以通过渲染使建筑模型比较逼真，还可以人工对模型进行再次修改；缺点是该方法需要专业的设计人员了解建模知识，并且需要设计人员消耗大量时间精力来设计，对建模人员的专业技能要求较高。Professional designers use 3D design software to complete the 3D modeling of the architectural model, and then import the 3D model in a certain format into the 3D scene system that needs to be used. The model is modified again; the disadvantage is that this method requires professional designers to understand modeling knowledge, and requires designers to spend a lot of time and energy to design, and requires high professional skills of modelers.

基于二维模型导入Import based on 2D model

设计人员通过解析一定格式的二维建筑模型数据，通过三维设计软件的拉伸、旋转等操作实现三维建筑模型的构建。该方法的优点是可以生成与二维图纸几乎一样的三维模型；但该方法的缺点是无法区分数据对象所对应的实体，存在数据冗余并且无法针对指定的对象做场景重现，比如楼梯、消防栓、安全出口等，所以无法满足专业场景构建的需求。By analyzing the two-dimensional architectural model data in a certain format, the designer realizes the construction of the three-dimensional architectural model through operations such as stretching and rotation of the three-dimensional design software. The advantage of this method is that it can generate a 3D model that is almost the same as a 2D drawing; but the disadvantage of this method is that it cannot distinguish the entity corresponding to the data object, there is data redundancy, and it is impossible to reproduce the scene for the specified object, such as stairs, Fire hydrants, safety exits, etc., so it cannot meet the needs of professional scene construction.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对上述现有技术的缺陷，本发明提供了一种基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法，解决现有技术设计或者生成三维建筑模型难度大、效率低、模型数据冗余等问题。Aiming at the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for quickly generating a three-dimensional architectural model based on two-dimensional CAD drawings, which solves the problems of difficulty in designing or generating a three-dimensional architectural model, low efficiency, and redundant model data in the prior art.

本发明技术方案如下：一种基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法，包括以下步骤：S101、将单个楼层的建筑平面图导入二维软件；S102、获取当前建筑平面图的图层信息；S103、根据预先设定的特征要素，对图层进行分类；S104、根据特征要素提取对应图层中具体特征要素的模型信息；S105、以结构化文件输出包含特征要素的模型信息的特征要素数据文件；S106、判断是否已完成所有楼层的特征要素数据文件输出，如果已完成则进入S201，如果未完成则返回S101；S201、导入所有楼层的特征要素数据文件；S202、通过解析特征要素数据文件识别各个特征要素的模型信息；S203、根据特征要素的模型信息生成各特征要素的模型并得到相应的建筑模型。The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a method for rapidly generating a three-dimensional building model based on two-dimensional CAD drawings, comprising the following steps: S101, importing the building plan of a single floor into two-dimensional software; S102, obtaining the layer information of the current building plan; S103 1. Classify the layers according to the preset characteristic elements; S104, extract the model information of the specific characteristic elements in the corresponding layer according to the characteristic elements; S105, output the characteristic element data files containing the model information of the characteristic elements with structured files ; S106, judging whether the feature element data file output of all floors has been completed, if completed, then enter S201, if not completed, then return to S101; S201, import the feature element data files of all floors; S202, identify by analyzing the feature element data file Model information of each characteristic element; S203, generate a model of each characteristic element according to the model information of the characteristic element and obtain a corresponding building model.

优选的，所述预先设定的特征要素包括墙体、门窗、楼梯、安全出口和重点设施。Preferably, the preset characteristic elements include walls, doors and windows, stairs, safety exits and key facilities.

优选的，所述特征要素的模型信息包括特征要素的点、线、多线段和块的信息。Preferably, the model information of the feature element includes information of points, lines, polyline segments and blocks of the feature element.

进一步的，所述点、线、多线段和块的信息包括点、线、多线段和块的坐标。Further, the information of the points, lines, polylines and blocks includes coordinates of the points, lines, polylines and blocks.

进一步的，所述步骤S106、判断是否已完成所有楼层的特征要素数据文件输出时根据楼层数量进行判断。Further, the step S106, when judging whether the output of the feature element data files of all floors has been completed, is judged according to the number of floors.

优选的，所述特征要素数据文件包括建筑物名称、楼层数和楼高信息。Preferably, the feature element data file includes building name, number of floors and building height information.

本发明所提供的技术方案的优点在于：利用建筑物各楼层的二维建筑图输出图纸中相应墙体、门窗、楼梯、安全出口和重点设施等建筑特征要素的模型信息并构建结构化文件，再利用三维设计软件从结构化文件自动提取建筑特征要素的模型信息快速生成对应三维建筑模型，该方法可应用于公安、消防、军事等领域，解决重点、复杂等类型建筑物的三维模型快速、批量生成的难题，为复杂空间区域的人员精准定位提供支撑。The advantage of the technical solution provided by the present invention is: use the two-dimensional architectural drawings of each floor of the building to output the model information of the architectural feature elements such as the corresponding walls, doors and windows, stairs, safety exits and key facilities in the drawings and construct structured files, Then use the 3D design software to automatically extract the model information of the architectural feature elements from the structured file to quickly generate the corresponding 3D building model. This method can be applied to the fields of public security, fire protection, military, etc., to solve the 3D model of key and complex buildings quickly and efficiently. The problem of batch generation provides support for the precise positioning of personnel in complex spatial areas.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为二维软件输出特征要素数据文件的总体流程图。Figure 1 is the overall flow chart of the two-dimensional software outputting feature element data files.

图2为楼层建筑平面图。Figure 2 is a floor plan of the building.

图3为三维设计软件生成建筑模型的总流程图。Figure 3 is a general flowchart of building model generation by 3D design software.

图4为实施例生成的三维建筑模型示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional building model generated by the embodiment.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但不作为对本发明的限定。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples, but not as a limitation of the present invention.

请结合图1至图4所示，本实施例所涉及的基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法以AutoCAD2014与Unity3D结合实现二维图纸生成三维模型。AtuoCAD是建筑行业中常用的设计软件，其提供VisualLisp、VBA和ObjectARX等多种二次开发方式，本实施例的基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法的对于二维图纸的处理是利用VS2010与AutoCAD2014结合开发，具体采用C#.NET平台进行开发的。图1示出了输出特征要素数据文件的总体流程，具体包括以下步骤：Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the method for quickly generating a three-dimensional building model based on two-dimensional CAD drawings involved in this embodiment uses AutoCAD2014 and Unity3D to realize the generation of three-dimensional models from two-dimensional drawings. AtuoCAD is a commonly used design software in the construction industry. It provides multiple secondary development methods such as VisualLisp, VBA and ObjectARX. The method for quickly generating a three-dimensional building model based on two-dimensional CAD drawings in this embodiment is used to process two-dimensional drawings. The combination of VS2010 and AutoCAD2014 is developed, specifically using the C#.NET platform for development. Figure 1 shows the overall process of outputting feature element data files, which specifically includes the following steps:

S101、导入楼层图纸：将如图2所示的单个楼层建筑平面图加载到AutoCAD软件中，本实施例开发的应用首先加载AutoCAD的acdbmgb.dll与acmgb.dll作为引用文件，包含了.NET API中所有的外包类，通过AtuoCAD自定义菜单与[CommandMethod("XXX")]字符关联调出主界面。S101. Import floor drawings: load the floor plan of a single floor as shown in Figure 2 into the AutoCAD software, the application developed in this embodiment first loads acdbmgb.dll and acmgb.dll of AutoCAD as reference files, which include the .NET API For all outsourced classes, the main interface can be called out by associating the AtuoCAD custom menu with [CommandMethod("XXX")] characters.

S102、提取图层信息：获取当前楼层建筑平面图的图层信息。通过主界面读取当前楼层建筑平面图的图层LayerTable信息，以列表形式展示并可以通过控制显隐来直观感受图层所对应的特征要素。特征要素主要包括墙体Wall、门窗Window、楼梯Stair、安全出口Exit和重点设施Equipment等预先设定的建筑要素。S102. Extracting layer information: obtaining layer information of the building plan of the current floor. Read the layer LayerTable information of the building plan of the current floor through the main interface, display it in the form of a list, and intuitively feel the characteristic elements corresponding to the layer by controlling the display and hiding. The characteristic elements mainly include pre-set architectural elements such as Wall, Windows, Stairs, Exit, and Key Facilities.

S103、图层要素分类：将具有相同特征要素的图层集合为一个类别，每个类别对应一个特征要素。即将所有绘制有墙体Wall的图层集合为一类，将所有绘制有门窗Window的图层集合为一类，等等。S103. Classification of layer elements: group layers with the same feature elements into a category, and each category corresponds to a feature element. That is to say, all layers drawn with walls are grouped into one class, all layers drawn with windows and doors are grouped into one class, and so on.

S104、提取要素信息：根据特征要素提取对应图层中具体特征要素的点Point3d、线Line、多线段Polyline和块BlockReference等模型信息，例如绘制有墙体Wall的图层则提取了墙体Wall的点、线、多线段和块等模型信息，绘制有门窗Window的图层提取了门窗Window的点、线、多线段和块等模型信息，等等。这些点、线、多线段和块的模型信息包含了点、线、多线段和块的坐标。S104, extract feature information: extract model information such as point Point3d, line Line, multi-line segment Polyline and block BlockReference of specific feature features in the corresponding layer according to feature features, for example, a layer with a wall Wall is drawn and the wall Wall is extracted Model information such as points, lines, polylines, and blocks. The layer drawn with windows and doors extracts model information such as points, lines, polylines, and blocks of windows and doors, and so on. The model information of these points, lines, polylines and blocks contains the coordinates of the points, lines, polylines and blocks.

S105、输出特征要素数据文件：通过建筑物名称、楼层数和楼高等信息结合特征要素的模型信息以XML文件形式输出特征要素数据文件。S105. Outputting the feature element data file: outputting the feature element data file in the form of an XML file by combining information such as the building name, the number of floors, and the height of the building with the model information of the feature element.

S106、根据建筑物楼层数量判断是否已完成所有楼层的特征要素数据文件输出，如果已完成则结束流程，如果未完成则回到S101导入其他楼层图纸。S106. Judging whether the output of characteristic element data files of all floors has been completed according to the number of floors of the building. If completed, the process is ended. If not completed, return to S101 to import drawings of other floors.

本实施例的基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法的三维建筑模型的生成是以三维渲染效果较好的Unity3D为例，Unity3D方便的脚本编译接口，结合VS2010可快速部署开发环境。图3示出了三维设计软件生成建筑模型的总流程图，具体步骤如下：The method for quickly generating a 3D architectural model based on 2D CAD drawings in this embodiment uses Unity3D, which has a better 3D rendering effect, as an example for the generation of a 3D architectural model. The convenient script compilation interface of Unity3D, combined with VS2010, can quickly deploy the development environment. Fig. 3 shows the general flow chart of the building model generated by the 3D design software, and the specific steps are as follows:

S201、导入所有楼层的特征要素数据文件；S201, importing feature element data files of all floors;

S202、解析特征要素：通过解析结构化特征要素数据文件识别各个特征要素的模型信息，由此获得各个特征要素对应的点、线、多线段和块的坐标。S202. Analyzing the characteristic elements: identifying the model information of each characteristic element by analyzing the structured characteristic element data file, thereby obtaining the coordinates of points, lines, polyline segments and blocks corresponding to each characteristic element.

S203、生成建筑模型：利用解析特征要素数据文件获得的各个特征要素对应的点、线、多线段和块的坐标，并依据对应的特征要素生成相应建筑模型。在Unity3D世界中Object形状由Mesh元素决定，而Mesh通过坐标点绘制而成。因此由墙这个特征要素对应的点、线、多线段和块的坐标赋值给墙对应的Mesh即可绘制墙的Mesh元素，进而生成墙Object的形状，其他所有的特征要素均作相同处理，结合建筑物名称、楼层和楼高等信息从而构建出整个三维建筑模型。最后通过材质设置Material以使三维建筑模型更加逼真，最终效果如附图4所示。S203. Generate a building model: use the coordinates of points, lines, polylines, and blocks corresponding to each feature element obtained by analyzing the feature element data file, and generate a corresponding building model according to the corresponding feature element. In the Unity3D world, the shape of the Object is determined by the Mesh element, and the Mesh is drawn by coordinate points. Therefore, by assigning the coordinates of the point, line, multi-line segment and block corresponding to the feature element of the wall to the Mesh corresponding to the wall, the Mesh element of the wall can be drawn, and then the shape of the wall object is generated. All other feature elements are treated in the same way, combined Information such as building names, floors, and building heights are used to construct the entire 3D building model. Finally, set the Material through the material to make the 3D architectural model more realistic, and the final effect is shown in Figure 4.

Claims (6)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：S101、将单个楼层的建筑平面图导入二维软件；S102、获取当前建筑平面图的图层信息；S103、根据预先设定的特征要素，对图层进行分类；S104、根据特征要素提取对应图层中具体特征要素的模型信息；S105、以结构化文件输出包含特征要素的模型信息的特征要素数据文件；S106、判断是否已完成所有楼层的特征要素数据文件输出，如果已完成则进入S201，如果未完成则返回S101；S201、导入所有楼层的特征要素数据文件；S202、通过解析特征要素数据文件识别各个特征要素的模型信息；S203、根据特征要素的模型信息生成各特征要素的模型并得到相应的建筑模型。1. A method for rapidly generating a three-dimensional building model based on two-dimensional CAD drawings, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: S101, importing the building plan of a single floor into two-dimensional software; S102, obtaining the layer information of the current building plan; S103 1. Classify the layers according to the preset characteristic elements; S104, extract the model information of the specific characteristic elements in the corresponding layer according to the characteristic elements; S105, output the characteristic element data files containing the model information of the characteristic elements with structured files ; S106, judging whether the feature element data file output of all floors has been completed, if completed, then enter S201, if not completed, then return to S101; S201, import the feature element data files of all floors; S202, identify by analyzing the feature element data file Model information of each characteristic element; S203, generate a model of each characteristic element according to the model information of the characteristic element and obtain a corresponding building model.2.根据权利要求1所述的基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法，其特征在于，所述预先设定的特征要素包括墙体、门窗、楼梯、安全出口和重点设施。2. The method for rapidly generating a three-dimensional building model based on two-dimensional CAD drawings according to claim 1, wherein the preset feature elements include walls, doors and windows, stairs, safety exits and key facilities.3.根据权利要求1所述的基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法，其特征在于，所述特征要素的模型信息包括特征要素的点、线、多线段和块的信息。3. The method for rapidly generating a three-dimensional building model based on a two-dimensional CAD drawing according to claim 1, wherein the model information of the feature element includes information on points, lines, polylines and blocks of the feature element.4.根据权利要求3所述的基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法，其特征在于，所述点、线、多线段和块的信息包括点、线、多线段和块的坐标。4. the method for rapidly generating three-dimensional building model based on two-dimensional CAD drawing according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the information of described point, line, polyline segment and block comprises the coordinate of point, line, polyline segment and block.5.根据权利要求1所述的基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S106、判断是否已完成所有楼层的特征要素数据文件输出时根据楼层数量进行判断。5. The method for quickly generating a three-dimensional building model based on two-dimensional CAD drawings according to claim 1, wherein the step S106, judging whether the output of the characteristic element data files of all floors has been completed is judged according to the number of floors.6.根据权利要求1所述的基于二维CAD图纸快速生成三维建筑模型的方法，其特征在于，所述特征要素数据文件包括建筑物名称、楼层数和楼高信息。6. The method for rapidly generating a three-dimensional building model based on a two-dimensional CAD drawing according to claim 1, wherein the feature element data file includes building name, number of floors and building height information.